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Liberia Critical Humanitarian Gaps

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Liberia Critical Humanitarian Gaps 2 0 1 3 Liberia Critical Humanitarian Gaps TABLE OF CONTENTS REFERENCE MAP IV 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 2. SETTING HUMANITARIAN PRIORITIES 4 3. GAP ANALYSIS AND CHG RATIONALE 6 Review of 2012 humanitarian funding 7 4. SECTOR CHALLENGES AND NEEDS 8 4.1. Education 8 4.2. Food Security 10 4.3. Health 12 4.4. Nutrition 15 4.5. Protection 18 4.5. Water, Sanitation & Hygiene (WASH) 22 ANNEX II: ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 45 iii REFERENCE MAP iv Liberia Critical Humanitarian Gaps 2013 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Nine years after the fourteen-year war ended in 2013 Key parameters Liberia (2003), the country is still facing Planning and January – December 2013 significant social and economic challenges that budgeting horizon generate and drive humanitarian needs. The Target beneficiaries Ivorian refugees in host unstable political and security situation in communities Liberia’s three neighboring countries1 over the Returning Liberian migrants Vulnerable Liberians in last decade has contributed to promoting refugee-hosting communities further vulnerabilities among different population groups on Liberian soil. The post- Total funding US$ 36,741,371 requested electoral violence in Cote d’Ivoire in November 2010 has been the most notorious. It caused Funding requested $64 serious harm not only to the Ivoirian nationals per beneficiary but also to Cote d’Ivoire’s neighbours, particularly Liberia. More than 200,000 Ivorians crossed into Liberia as refugees between November 2010 and May 2011. All of these refugees concentrated in five out of the fifteen counties that exist in Liberia, namely Grand Gedeh, Maryland, Montserrado, Nimba, and River Gee – counties. The strain on local resources following this massive refugee influx has been serious, with noticeable adverse effects on the livelihoods of host community populations. To address the critical humanitarian situation, a ‘Central Emergency Response Fund’ Appeal (CERF) and an Emergency Humanitarian Action Plan (EHAP) were issued in 2011, and a Consolidated Appeal Process in 2012 was developed by the humanitarian community to address the needs of both the Ivoirian refugees and the affected host communities. As of December 2012, there are over 65,000 Ivoirian refugees in Liberia, 43% of them still living within the host communities despite the government policy requiring all refugees to move to the existing 5 refugee camps2 and the scaling down of individualized assistance, including food distribution, to refugees living in host communities. These refugees require continued support as do the estimated 25,000 former Liberian refugees who have returned to Liberia in 2012 alone with UNHCR facilitation. About 5,000 Liberian migrants stranded in the ECOWAS region are also willing to return home, but their intentions cannot materialize without external support. Necessary means have to be found to help them return and eventually support their reintegration once back in Liberia. Vulnerable population groups in these counties need support for strengthening resilience and protecting their livelihoods from internal and external shocks. The Government of Liberia, through the Ministry of Internal Affairs, agreed with the humanitarian community to prepare a gap analysis and corresponding humanitarian response for 2013 in line with recovery and development efforts of both the government’s Poverty Reduction Strategy (PRS) and the United Nations Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF). This Critical Humanitarian Gap (CHG) framework document is the result of that agreement. It details the most urgent residual and unmet humanitarian needs in Liberia, focusing on the four refugee-affected counties as well as counties 1 Cote d’Ivoire in the East, Sierra Leone in the Northeast, and Guinea in the North 2 PTP, Solo, and Duogee Refugee Camps in Grand Gedeh County, Little Wlebo Refugee Camp in Maryland County, and Bahn Refugee Camp in Nimba County 1 Liberia Critical Humanitarian Gaps 2013 showing extremely high levels of food insecurity. Some of these needs include an unacceptable net school attendance rate standing at only 50%, community-based child protection mechanisms covering only 20% of target communities instead of the required minimum of 60%, a stunting rate above the WHO cut-off rate of 40% or unacceptable food consumption scores of more than 75 % of the population. Apart from activities falling under standing inter-agency arrangements for support to refugee populations, the caseload targeted in the prioritized sector interventions under this CHG relates to refugees living within the host communities and Liberian returnees and stranded Liberian migrants throughout West Africa. As a focused humanitarian response within a wider development programming context, the overarching goal of the CHG is to improve emergency indicators, fill essential service gaps, and strengthen development initiatives and the government’s capacity to meet the long-term needs of the target populations and counties. Twelve projects have been developed for critical humanitarian interventions in the Education, Protection, Nutrition, Food Security, WASH and Health sectors across 7 priority counties. A total of US$ 36,741,371 million is required to deliver on this plan over the next 12 months, starting January 2013. Within the prioritized areas, a number of humanitarian standard indicators were found to be equal or above the emergency thresholds. However, given the dynamic nature of humanitarian needs in the targeted communities and considering the ongoing, wide-ranging needs’ assessments, including the government-led Comprehensive Food Security and Nutrition Survey (CFSNS) and the UNHCR-WFP Joint Assessment Mission (JAM), the CHG remains open to subsequent updates in order to accommodate the changes in identified needs and the related financial requirements for the response. 2 Liberia Critical Humanitarian Gaps 2013 3 Liberia Critical Humanitarian Gaps 2013 2. SETTING HUMANITARIAN PRIORITIES Continuing and unmet needs in 2012 constitute the primary drivers of humanitarian priorities in 2013. As of December 2012, the funding of the Liberia 2012 CAP stood at 38%, the least funded compared to any other CAP-country in 2012. Hence, chronically low-funded sectors still present critical needs. Only counties that have demonstrated, through available data, a high level of vulnerability among some specific segments of the population have been considered in this CHG, irrespective of whether or not they host refugees. Consultations held with the Ministry of Internal Affairs focused on a two- pronged prioritization approach, activity and area-based. These consultations were followed by a technical sector workshop held in November 2012 in Monrovia, which agreed on prioritization criteria. The workshop agreed to use emergency indicators as the basis for sector prioritization. Therefore, only poorly performing emergency standard indicators and indicators which require ongoing monitoring and services form the basis for planning response activities. Based on this needs’ prioritization approach, response activities were envisaged to address some of the critical challenges identified within the Education, Food Security, Protection, Nutrition, WASH and Health sectors. The four refugee-hosting counties of Nimba, Grand Gedeh, Maryland, and River Gee came at the top of the priority list, followed by an additional three Counties, Montserrado, Bomi, and Grand Kru as priority areas for interventions. These additional counties show extremely high levels of chronic food insecurity and low resilience. While the vulnerability indicators largely drive the determination of priority sectors found to be within the perimeters of the emergency thresholds, the determination of the priority areas is driven by both the refugee presence and the precariousness of living standards within both the refugee host and other vulnerable communities, including Liberian returnees. To address the identified vulnerabilities and measure performance of the one-year Liberia 2013 CHG response mechanism, the following strategic objectives were agreed upon: Reinforce resilience of vulnerable communities, including refugee- affected and highly food insecure communities Improve access to basic services for target population groups across priority counties Support government repatriation and reintegration efforts of returning Liberian migrants Streamline humanitarian and recovery programming with government development agendas The CHG priority interventions target three population segments: Ivoirian refugees living within host communities Returning Liberian migrants stranded in ECOWAS countries Vulnerable Liberians in refugee-hosting and other communities 4 Liberia Critical Humanitarian Gaps 2013 A successful response to the Liberia 2013 CHG needs would directly consolidate into support to government priorities as captured under pillar 2 – social and economic transformation – and pillar 3 – Human Development – of the joint Government of Liberia (GoL) and United Nations (UN) 2013-2017 One Programme. This would ensure a symbiotic mainstreaming of the short-term humanitarian responses into the government long-term development priorities. 5 Liberia Critical Humanitarian Gaps 2013 3. GAP ANALYSIS AND CHG RATIONALE Since 2003 when the fourteen-year war ended, Liberia has consistently enjoyed peace and some of its dividends. Government efforts conducted through PRS implementation (2008 – 2011) as well as bilateral or multilateral humanitarian, recovery and development support provided to Liberia over the
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