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Liberia…………………………………… 7 2.1.2 National Policies for Reconstruction and Development………

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Liberia…………………………………… 7 2.1.2 National Policies for Reconstruction and Development……… Environmental & Social Impact Assessment of Lot 2 of the Zwedru – Harper Road Project (Karloken - Fish Town & Harper Junction – Cavalla) CONTRACT NO.: LBPWP-IIU-MPW/ICB/006/2012 GRANT No: 2100155010817 OCTOBER 2013 ESIA for Lot 2 of the Zwedru – Harper Road Project October 2013 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY………………………………………………… i 1.0 INTRODUCTION……………………………………………… 1 1.1 Background……………………………………………………… 1 1.2 Project Location………………………....……………………… 1 1.3 Scope of the ESIA……………………..………..………………. 2 1.4 Project Goals and Objectives………..………………………….. 3 1.5 Terms of Reference………………………….…………………. 3 1.6 Environmental Assessment and Sustainability ………………… 4 1.7 ESIA Study Methodology……………………………………… 4 1.7.1 Environmental Impact Assessment……………………………… 4 1.7.2 Social Impact Assessment ……………………………………… 4 1.7.3 Stakeholder Consultations ……………………………………… 5 1.7.4 Public Consultations……………………………………………. 5 1.8 Structure of the Report…………………………………………. 5 2.0 POLICY, LEGAL & INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ……. 7 2.1 Policy Framework ……………………………………………… 7 2.1.1 Land Right Policy of Liberia…………………………………… 7 2.1.2 National Policies for Reconstruction and Development……….. 7 2.1.3 National Environmental Policy…………………………………. 7 2.1.4 National Transport Policy and Strategy………………………… 8 2.1.5 Integrated Water Resources Management Plan………………… 8 2.1.6 National Forestry Policy……………………………………….. 9 2.1.7 National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan……………….. 9 2.1.8 National Environmental & Occupational Health Policy…………. 9 2.1.9 African Development Bank Group’s Policy on the Environment 10 2.1.10 African Development Bank Integrated Safeguard System……… 11 2.2 Legal Framework ……………………………………………… 11 2.2.1 The Liberian Constitution………………………………………. 11 2.2.2 Environmental Protection Agency Act…………………………. 12 2.2.3 International Conventions and Agreements…………………… .. 13 2.3 Institutional Framework …………………………………............ 14 2.3.1 Environmental Protection Agency………………………………. 14 2.3.2 Ministry of Public Works………………………………………… 14 2.3.3 Ministry of Lands, Mines & Energy……………………………… 14 2.3.4 Ministry of Health & Social Welfare…………………………….. 14 2.3.5 Ministry of Planning & Economic Affairs………………………. 14 3.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND JUSTIFICATION………. …. 15 3.1 Existing Roads Conditions………………………………………. 15 3.2 Communities along the Existing Roads…………………………. 16 3.3 River Gee County………………………………………………… 16 3.4 Maryland County………………………………………………… 16 3.5 Project Design and Activities……………………………………. 17 x ESIA for Lot 2 of the Zwedru – Harper Road Project October 2013 3.5.1 Brief Description of the Project Activities………………………. 17 3.5.2 Pre-Construction Phase…………………………………………… 18 3.5.2.1 Road Inventory…………………………………………………… 18 3.5.2.2 Geological and Geotechnical Investigation……………………… 19 3.5.2.3 Materials Exploration……………………………………………. 19 3.5.2.4 Borrow Materials………………………………………………… 19 3.5.2.5 Sand Deposits……………………………………………………. 20 3.5.2.6 Rock Deposits……………………………………………………. 20 3.5.2.7 Water for Construction…………………………………………… 20 3.5.2.8 Hydrologic and Drainage Investigation…………………………. 20 3.5.2.9 Locations for Camp Construction……………………………….. 21 3.5.2.10Alignment Characteristics………………………………………. 21 3.5.3 Construction Phase………………………………………………. 22 3.5.3.1 Design Interventions…………………………………………… 22 3.5.4 Post Construction Phase………………………………………… 22 3.6 Project Justification……………………………………………… 23 4.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ENVIRONMENT…..…… 24 4.1 Baseline of the Physical Environment…………………………… 24 4.1.1 Geology…… …………………………………………………… 24 4.1.2 Soils……………………………………………………………… 25 4.1.3 Topography……………………………………………………… 25 4.2 Water Resources and Drainage…………………………………… 25 4.3 Climate…………………………………………………………… 26 4.3.1 Rainfall…………………………………………………………… 26 4.3.2 Humidity, Temperature, Wind and Sunshine……………………. 26 4.4 Biological Environment…………………………………………. 27 4.4.1 Fauna……………………………………………………………. 27 4.4.2 Flora……………………………………………………………… 27 4.5 Human Environment – Socio-Economic Baseline……………… 28 4.5.1 Communities along the Project Road……………………………. 28 4.5.2 Population Size…………………………………………………… 28 4.5.3 Age Distribution………………………………………………….. 28 4.5.4 Ethnicity and Religion……………………………………………. 29 4.6 Educational Facilities and Attainment……………………………. 29 4.7 Economic Environment…………………………………………… 29 4.8 Social Network and Support System……………………………… 30 4.9 Health Facilities and Access………………………………………. 30 4.10 Access to Electricity, Water and Sanitation………………………. 30 4.11 Access to Market, School and Workplace………………………… 31 4.12 Disposal of Garbage………………………………………………. 31 4.13 Land Tenure and Holding…………………………………………. 31 4.14 Access to Communication…………………………………………. 31 4.15 Gender Issues………………………………………………………. 32 4.15.1 Situation of Women………………………………………………... 32 4.15.2 Situation of Children………………………………………………. 32 xi ESIA for Lot 2 of the Zwedru – Harper Road Project October 2013 4.15.3 Standard of Living in the Project Areas……………………………. 32 4.16 HIV/AIDS and STIs……………………………………………….. 33 5.0 ALTERNATIVES TO THE PROJECT……………………….… 34 5.1 Alternative Modes of Transportation……………………………. 34 5.2 Alternatives Considered………………………………………… 34 5.3 Do Nothing Option……………………………………………… 34 5.4 Engineering Intervention Options………………………………. 35 5.4.1 General…………………………………………………………… 35 5.4.2 Route Alignment Alternatives…………………………………… 35 5.4.3 Material Acquisition……………………………………………… 35 5.4.4 Technology Alternatives…………………………………………. 35 5.4.5 Economic Evaluation……………………………………………. 35 5.5 The Preferred Alternative………………………………………… 36 6.0 POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES…… 37 6.1 Introduction……………………………………………………… 37 6.2 Evaluation of Project with Respect to Impact Potential ………… 37 6.3 Summary of Potential Impacts…………...……………………… 38 6.4 Positive Impacts ………………………………………………… 39 6.4.1 Employment Opportunities……………………………………… 39 6.4.2 Improves Local Socio-Economy………………………………… 39 6.4.3 Ease of Road Transport in the Project Area…………………….. 39 6.4.4 Improved Living Standards…………………………………….. 39 6.4.5 Increased Security……………………………………………….. 39 6.4.6 Education………………………………………………………… 40 6.4.7 Improved National Transport…………………………………… 40 6.4.8 Road Safety……………………………………………………… 40 6.4.9 Empowerment to Women………………………………………. 40 6.4.10 Improved Drainage……………………………………………… 40 6.4.11 Improved Access to Services…………………………………… 40 6.4.12 Reversal of Rural-Urban Migration…………………………….. 41 6.5 Negative Impacts……………………………………………….. 41 6.5.1 Impact on Topography…………………………………………… 41 6.5.2 Impacts on Surface Water Drainage……………………………. 41 6.5.3 Impact on Climate……………………………………………… 41 6.5.3.1 Impact on Road Materials………………………………………. 42 6.5.3.2 Temperature Effects……………………………………………. 42 6.5.3.3 Moisture Effects………………………………………………… 42 6.5.3.4 Salinity Effects…………………………………………………. 42 6.5.4 Impacts on Soil Environment…………………………………… 42 6.5.4.1 Mass Movement – Erosion……………………………………… 42 6.5.4.2 Impact on Top Soil……………………………………………… 43 6.5.4.3 Soil Erosion……………………………………………………… 43 6.5.4.4 Contamination of Soils…………………………………………… 43 6.5.5 Impacts on Water Resources Environment……………………… 44 xii ESIA for Lot 2 of the Zwedru – Harper Road Project October 2013 6.5.5.1 Impact on Surface Water Quality……………………………….. 44 6.5.5.2 Impact on Ground Water Quality……………………………….. 44 6.5.6 Impacts on Air Environment…………………………………….. 44 6.5.7 Impacts on Ambient Noise Level……………………………….. 45 6.5.8 Impacts on Fauna, Flora and Ecological Environment…………. 45 6.5.8.1 Impacts on Fauna………………………………………………… 45 6.5.8.2 Impact on Ecological Resources………………………………… 46 6.5.9 Impacts on Human Use Values…………………………………. 46 6.5.9.1 Land Acquisition ……………………………………………….. 46 6.5.9.2 Construction of Site/Camp Buildings…………………………… 46 6.5.9.3 Impact on Land Use…………………………………………….. 47 6.5.10 Cultural Changes………………………………………………… 48 6.5.11 Impact on Cultural and Historical Resources…………………… 48 6.5.12 HIV/AIDS……………………………………………………… 48 6.5.13 Impact on Public Health………………………………………… 49 6.5.14 Occupational Health and Safety…………. ……………………. 49 6.5.15 Impacts on Decommissioning Phase…………………………… 49 7.0 ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD MANAGEMENT ……………. 53 7.1 Objectives………………………………………………………… 53 7.2 Responsibilities…………………………………………………… 53 7.2.1 The Ministry of Public Works/Infrastructure Implementation Unit 54 7.2.2 The Ministry of Transport and Liberia National Police…………… 54 7.2.3 The Environmental Protection Agency of Liberia………………… 54 7.2.4 Resident Engineers and Environmental and Social Officer……….. 55 7.2.5 The Contractor…………………………………………………….. 55 7.2.6 Local Authorities………………………………………………….. 55 7.3 Environmental and Social Management…………………………… 56 7.3.1 Uncertainty in ESMP……………………………………………… 67 7.3.2 Environmental Management Records……………………………… 67 7.3.3 Auditing of the ESMP……………………………………………… 67 7.3.4 Cost of Mitigation………………………………………………….. 67 8.0 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MONITORING PROGRAM 68 8.1 Cost for Monitoring………………………………………………… 69 8.2 Environmental Training and Awareness…………………………… 69 8.3 Environmental Risk Management…………………………………. 69 8.4 Emergency Procedures……………………………………………… 70 9.0 STAKEHOLDERS AND PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS………. 71 9.1 Introduction………………………………….…………………… 71 9.2 The Consultation Process....……………………………………… 71 9.2.1 Stakeholders Consultations……………………………………… 71 9.2.2 Public Meetings…………………………………………………… 75 9.2.3 Benefits of the Proposed Upgrading of the Road to Asphalt Standard. 75 9.2.3.1 Improved Road Surface…………………………………………… 75 xiii ESIA for Lot 2 of the Zwedru – Harper Road Project October 2013 9.2.3.2 Access to Essential Services……………………………………… 76 9.2.3.3 Improvement of Local Socio-Economy…………………………. 76 9.2.3.4 Agricultural Development………………………………………. 76 9.2.3.5 Increased Employment
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