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Der Einfluss Verschiedener Mahdkonzepte Auf Die Artenvielfalt

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Der Einfluss Verschiedener Mahdkonzepte Auf Die Artenvielfalt Der Einfluss verschiedener Mahdkonzepte auf die Artenvielfalt der Tagfalter auf Grünflächen der Stadt Tübingen Bachelorarbeit der Fakultät für Biologie der Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen vorgelegt von Claudia Kricke Tübingen, August 2011 I Erklärung: Hiermit erkläre ich, dass ich diese Arbeit selbst verfasst und keine anderen als die angegebenen Quellen und Hilfsmittel benutzt habe. Tübingen, den II Danksagungen Ich bedanke mich bei Herr Prof. Dr. Oliver Betz für die umfassende und zuverlässige Betreuung dieser Arbeit. Auch Dipl.- Biologe Thomas Bamann, der mich mitbetreut hat danke ich herzlich für die freundliche Hilfe beim Bestimmen der Tagfalter und viele hilfreiche Tipps. Dipl.-Agrar-Ing. Gabriel Hermann danke ich für die fachliche Beratung. Bei Herr Prof. Dr. Heinz Köhler möchte ich mich für Zweitkorrektur bedanken. Außerdem bedanke ich mich bei Herr Behrendt von der Stadtgärtnerei, Herr Boeß vom Landesbetrieb für Vermögen und Bau Baden-Württemberg und Frau Fiebig vom botanischen Garten der Universität Tübingen für die Kooperation bei der Bereitstellung der Untersuchungsflächen. Ein großer Dank geht an meine Familie, meine Freunde und besonders an meinen Freund für die beste Unterstützung, die man sich nur wünschen kann. III Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Zusammenfassung.......................................................................................................................1 2 Einleitung.....................................................................................................................................6 2.1 Hintergrund und Motivation...................................................................................................6 2.2 Bedeutung der untersuchten Tierartengruppe.......................................................................7 2.3 Hypothesen...........................................................................................................................8 3 Material und Methoden.................................................................................................................9 3.1 Untersuchungsgebiet............................................................................................................9 3.2 Untersuchungsflächen..........................................................................................................9 3.2.1 Steckbriefe der Untersuchungsflächen........................................................................12 3.2.1.1 Brühlstraße..........................................................................................................13 3.2.1.2 Europastraße.......................................................................................................14 3.2.1.3 Gartenstraße........................................................................................................16 3.2.1.4 Huberstraße.........................................................................................................17 3.2.1.5 Landratsamt.........................................................................................................19 3.2.1.6 Max Planck Institut (MPI).....................................................................................20 3.2.1.7 Orchideenwiese...................................................................................................22 3.2.1.8 Pfingstrosen.........................................................................................................24 3.2.1.9 Politikwissenschaften...........................................................................................25 3.2.1.10 Sand..................................................................................................................26 3.3 Erfassungsmethoden..........................................................................................................28 3.4 Bodenständigkeit................................................................................................................29 3.5 Vergleichsflächen................................................................................................................35 1.1.1 Steckbriefe der Vergleichsflächen...............................................................................36 3.5.1.1 Vergleichsfläche Hartmeyerstraße.......................................................................36 3.5.1.2 Vergleichsfläche Kliniken.....................................................................................37 3.5.1.3 Vergleichsfläche Netzwerk blühende Landschaft.................................................38 3.5.1.4 Vergleichsfläche Neuhalde..................................................................................39 3.5.1.5 Vergleichsfläche Wirtschaftswissenschaften........................................................40 3.6 Statistische Auswertung:.....................................................................................................42 1.1.2 Vergleich der extensiv und der intensiv gepflegten Teilflächen....................................42 1.1.3 Korrelation der Tagfalterartenzahl mit der Größe der beprobten Fläche:.....................45 1.1.4 Korrelation der Anzahlen an Kräuterarten und Tagfalterarten:.....................................45 1.1.5 Abundanzen der Imagines im Jahresverlauf:...............................................................45 4 Ergebnisse.................................................................................................................................46 4.1 Statistische Auswertung......................................................................................................48 1.1.6 Vergleich der Artenzahlen............................................................................................48 IV 4.1.1 Vergleich der Artengemeinschaften.............................................................................50 4.1.2 Vergleich der bodenständigen Arten............................................................................57 4.1.3 Korrelation der Anzahlen an Kräuterarten und Tagfalterarten......................................59 4.1.4 Korrelation der Tagfalterartenzahl mit der beprobten Flächengröße............................61 4.1.5 Abundanzen der Imagines im Jahresgang...................................................................63 4.1.6 Ergebnisse der einzelnen Untersuchungsflächen........................................................68 4.1.6.1 Brühlstraße..........................................................................................................68 4.1.6.2 Europastraße.......................................................................................................71 4.1.6.3 Gartenstraße........................................................................................................74 4.1.6.4 Huberstraße.........................................................................................................77 4.1.6.5 Landratsamt.........................................................................................................80 4.1.6.6 Max Planck Institut (MPI).....................................................................................83 4.1.6.7 Orchideenwiese...................................................................................................86 4.1.6.8 Pfingstrosen.........................................................................................................89 4.1.6.9 Politikwissenschaften...........................................................................................92 4.1.6.10 Sand..................................................................................................................94 4.1.7 Ergebnisse der Vergleichsflächen...............................................................................97 4.1.7.1 Vergleichsfläche Hartmeyerstraße.......................................................................97 4.1.7.2 Vergleichsfläche Kliniken...................................................................................100 4.1.7.3 Vergleichsfläche Netzwerk blühende Landschaft...............................................103 4.1.7.4 Vergleichsfläche Neuhalde.................................................................................105 4.1.7.5 Vergleichsfläche Wirtschaftswissenschaften......................................................109 4.2 Vergleich der Untersuchungsflächen mit den Vergleichsflächen........................................111 4.2.1 Vergleich der intensiv gepflegten innerstädtischen mit den extensiv gepflegten innerstädtischen Teilflächen.................................................................................................115 4.2.2 Vergleich der extensiv gepflegten innerstädtischen Teilflächen mit den extensiv gepflegten Vergleichsflächen...............................................................................................115 4.2.3 Vergleich der intensiv gepflegten innerstädtischen Teilflächen mit den extensiv gepflegten Vergleichsflächen...............................................................................................116 4.2.4 Arten, die nur bei bestimmten Pflegekategorien vorkamen........................................116 5 Diskussion................................................................................................................................117 5.1 Methodendiskussion.........................................................................................................117 5.1.1 Untersuchungsflächen...............................................................................................117
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