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Status of Digital Agriculture in 18 Countries of Europe and Central Asia ITUPublications International Telecommunication Union Development Sector Status of Digital Agriculture in 18 countries of Europe and Central Asia Co-published with: Status of Digital Agriculture in 18 countries of Europe and Central Asia Published by International Telecommunication Union and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Acknowledgement This report was prepared for the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations by Mihaly Csoto and Laszlo Gabor Papocsi, with the support and guidance of the ITU Offices for Europe (Jaroslaw Ponder and Lena Lattion) and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) (Farid Nakhli) and in collaboration with the FAO Regional Office for Europe and Central Asia (Sophie Treinen and Valentin Nagy). ITU and FAO would like to express sincere gratitude to the representatives of the 18 countries concerned (Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Russian Federation, Serbia, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan) for the support and assistance they provided to the ITU experts. They would also like to express appreciation for the support they received from FAO country offices, national focal points in ministries of agriculture and FAO experts in the Regional Office for Europe and Central Asia. NOTES Please note that for the purpose of this report, the term Europe and Central Asia refers to the group of countries consisting of the following: Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, the Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, the Russian Federation, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, Uzbekistan and the Vatican. DISCLAIMER ITU and FAO. 2020. Status of Digital Agriculture in 18 countries of Europe and Central Asia. Geneva, Switzerland. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) or of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO or ITU in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO or ITU. COPYRIGHT © ITU and FAO 2020 Some rights reserved. This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https:// creativecommons .org/ licenses/by -nc -sa/ 3 .0/ igo/ legalcode). Under the terms of this licence, this work may be copied, redistributed and adapted for non- commercial purposes, provided that the work is appropriately cited. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that FAO or ITU endorse any specific organization, products or services. The use of the FAO or the ITU logo is not permitted. If the work is adapted, then it must be licensed under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If a translation of this work is created, it must include the following disclaimer along with the required citation: “This translation was not created by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) or by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). FAO and ITU are not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the authoritative edition.” Disputes arising under the licence that cannot be settled amicably will be resolved by mediation and arbitration as described in Article 8 of the licence except as otherwise provided herein. The applicable mediation rules will be the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization http:// www.wipo .int/ amc/ en/ mediation/ rules and any arbitration will be in accordance with the Arbitration Rules of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL). Third-party materials: Users wishing to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, such as tables, figures or images, are responsible for determining whether permission is needed for that reuse and for obtaining permission from the copyright holder. The risk of claims resulting from infringement of any third-party-owned component in the work rests solely with the user. Sales, rights and licensing: FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www .fao .org/ publications) and can be purchased throughpublications -sales@ fao .org. ITU information products are available on the ITU website (www .itu.int/ en/ publications) and can be purchased through sales@itu .int ”. Requests for commercial use should be submitted to:sales@ itu .int . Photos credits: FAO ISBN (FAO) 978-92-5-132889-7 ISBN (ITU) 978-92-61-31131-5 (Paper version) 978-92-61-31141-4 (Electronic version) 978-92-61-31151-3 (EPUB version) 978-92-61-31161-2 (Mobi version) FOREWORDS The year 2020 marks the beginning of the “Decade of Action” proclaimed by the United Nations for achieving the goals and targets set out in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Agenda. In an increasingly digital world, information and communication technologies (ICTs) play a key role as development enablers that can facilitate countries’ capabilities to reach all the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic which continues to ravage so many of our populations and economies, there can no longer be any doubt that dramatically accelerating progress on the SDGs means dramatically accelerating progress to extend digital connectivity to the 3.6 billion still totally cut off from the online world. Digital is the foundation on which we can build social and economic resilience. We have never faced a situation of greater urgency, and renewed global recognition of the importance of digital infrastructure, services and skills presents many unprecedented opportunities to make real and rapid progress. Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), throughout the years, made significant progress, becoming world leader in broadband connectivity. However, a lot remains to be done to bridge connectivity, affordability and digital skills divides across the countries. The impact of policy and regulatory frameworks on the development of digitization in Europe and CIS is positive. In Europe, an increase of 10 per cent in digitization results in 1.4 per cent growth in gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. ​In the CIS region, an increase of 10 per cent in fixed-broadband penetration would result in 0.63 per cent in GDP per capita. While Europe leads in digital agriculture development, the e-agriculture sector in many parts of Europe still suffers from underinvestment. As agriculture becomes more and more knowledge-intensive, having access to timely and accurate information tailored to specific locations and conditions is critical to helping farmers enhance their efficiency in agricultural production. E-agriculture centres on designing, developing, and applying innovative methods of ICT use within the agricultural sector in the rural domain. Many stakeholders have long recognized the need for strategies for national e-agriculture, also known as digital agriculture. However, most countries have yet to adopt or implement a national strategy for the agricultural sector's use of ICTs. E-agriculture strategies will help rationalize financial and human resources, address (holistically) ICT opportunities and challenges of the agricultural sector, generate new revenue streams and improve the lives of people in rural communities. This review provides the results of a one-year study jointly conducted by ITU and FAO, addressing a broad range of issues related to contemporary policy and practices across Europe and CIS in e-agriculture. The review also features the experiences of countries in their ongoing efforts to develop and implement digital agriculture strategies. I thank all administration of the 18 countries that have participated in this mapping exercise and commend the Europe and CIS regions for the report. It is an important result of our work carried out under the ITU Regional Initiatives for Europe and CIS on a “Citizen-centric approach to building services for national administrations” and on “Fostering innovative solutions and partnership for the implementation of Internet of Things technologies and their interaction in telecommunication networks, including 4G, IMT-2020 and next-generation networks, in the interests of sustainable development”. v The review is a significant regional milestone in implementing the World Summit for Information Society (WSIS) Action Plan, in particular WSIS Action Line C7: ICT applications: e-Agriculture. It is an important
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