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Environmental Resource Inventory for the Township of Elk, Gloucester

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Environmental Resource Inventory for the Township of Elk, Gloucester The Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission is dedicated to uniting the region’s elected officials, planning professionals and the public with a common vision of making a great region even greater. Shaping the way we live, work and play, DVRPC builds consensus on improving transportation, promoting smart growth, protecting the environment and enhancing the economy. We serve a diverse region of nine counties: Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Montgomery, and Philadelphia in Pennsylvania; and Burlington, Camden, Gloucester, and Mercer in New Jersey. DVRPC is the federally designated Metropolitan Planning Organization for the Greater Philadelphia Region – leading the way to a better future. The DVRPC logo is adapted from the official seal of the Commission and is designed as a stylized image of the Delaware Valley. The outer ring symbolizes the region as a whole while the diagonal bar signifies the Delaware River flowing through it. The two adjoining crescents represent the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the State of New Jersey. The logo combines these elements to depict the areas served by DVRPC. DVRPC is funded by a variety of funding sources including federal grants from the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and Federal Transit Administration (FTA) The Pennsylvania and New Jersey departments of transportation, as well as by DVRPC’s state and local member governments. The authors, however, are solely responsible for this report’s findings and conclusions, which may not represent the official views of policies of the funding agencies. DVRPC fully complies with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and related statutes and regulations in all programs and activities. DVRPC’s website may be translated into Spanish, Russian, and Traditional Chinese online by visiting www.dvrpc.org. Publications and other public documents can be made available in alternative languages or formats, if requested. For more information, please call (215) 238-2871. This report was funded in part by the Association of New Jersey Environmental Commissions (ANJEC) Smart Growth Assistance Grant Program, which is supported by the Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation. Matching funds were provided by the Township of Elk and by the Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission. The authors are solely responsible for the report’s findings and conclusions, which may not represent the official views or policies of the non-township funding agencies. Cover Photo: Pond at Stillwater Farm. Photo by Donna Weiss Elk Township ERI Elk Township ERI 12/17/2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS........................................................................................................... V INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1 BRIEF HISTORY........................................................................................................................... 5 ELK TOWNSHIP: LOCATION, SIZE & LAND USE ................................................................ 9 NATURAL RESOURCES ........................................................................................................... 13 PHYSIOGRAPHY............................................................................................................... 13 TOPOGRAPHY AND SURFACE LANDSCAPES............................................................ 14 SOILS .................................................................................................................................. 14 Soil Quality Classification ............................................................................................. 14 Hydric Soils ................................................................................................................... 18 Soil Series ...................................................................................................................... 18 STEEP SLOPES .................................................................................................................. 23 CLIMATE............................................................................................................................ 23 Precipitation and Storm Events...................................................................................... 24 Growing Seasons ........................................................................................................... 25 AIR QUALITY .................................................................................................................... 26 SURFACE WATER RESOURCES..................................................................................... 27 Watersheds..................................................................................................................... 27 Streams........................................................................................................................... 33 Lakes and Ponds ............................................................................................................ 34 Wetlands ........................................................................................................................ 35 Agricultural Wetlands.................................................................................................... 36 Vernal Pools................................................................................................................... 37 Floodplains..................................................................................................................... 38 Surface Water Quality.................................................................................................... 41 Causes of Water Quality Impairments........................................................................... 48 GROUNDWATER .............................................................................................................. 53 Aquifers.......................................................................................................................... 53 Groundwater Recharge .................................................................................................. 56 Water Supply Wells ....................................................................................................... 57 Wellhead Protection Areas ............................................................................................ 59 BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES...................................................................................................... 63 NATURAL VEGETATION ................................................................................................ 63 Wetlands ........................................................................................................................ 64 Upland Forests ............................................................................................................... 68 Grasslands and Agricultural Lands................................................................................ 68 LANDSCAPE PROJECT PRIORITY HABITATS ............................................................ 69 Landscape Project Data on Wetland Habitat ................................................................. 70 Landscape Project Data on Upland Forest Habitat........................................................ 71 i Elk Township ERI Landscape Project Data on Grassland Habitat............................................................... 71 ANIMAL COMMUNITIES ................................................................................................ 72 Invertebrates................................................................................................................... 72 Vertebrates ..................................................................................................................... 72 NATURAL HERITAGE DATABASE AND NATURAL HERITAGE PRIORITY SITES76 THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT.................................................................................................... 79 POPULATION AND HOUSING ........................................................................................ 79 TRANSPORTATION.......................................................................................................... 80 MUNICIPAL SERVICES.................................................................................................... 80 Drinking Water .............................................................................................................. 80 Sewer.............................................................................................................................. 83 Trash and Recycling ...................................................................................................... 83 Education ....................................................................................................................... 84 EXISTING OPEN SPACE .................................................................................................. 84 HISTORIC RESOURCES................................................................................................... 85 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES...................................................................................................... 87 KNOWN CONTAMINATED SITES.................................................................................. 87 OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS......................................................................
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