A Mobile 3D Printer for Cooperative 3D Printing
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A Review on Polymeric Materials in Additive Manufacturing ⇑ J.M
Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Materials Today: Proceedings journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/matpr A review on polymeric materials in additive manufacturing ⇑ J.M. Jafferson , Debdutta Chatterjee VIT University Chennai Campus 600127, India article info abstract Article history: Polymers are the greatest innovation of the millennium. Due to their low price, ease of manufacture, Available online xxxx resistance to water and versatility, polymers have several applications in different domestic and indus- trial sectors. Digital fabrication technology which is also referred to as 3D printing or additive Keywords: Manufacturing (AM) is used for creating physical components from a geometrical representation by Polymeric materials step-by-step addition of materials. This review paper elaborates on the use of polymers for Rapid Additive manufacturing Manufacturing. One such material used is Shape Memory Polymers that have been analyzed as Smart Automotive Materials (4D Printing Materials). Polymers such as Thermoplastics, elastomers, thermosets, and poly- Drug delivery mers with integrated fillers, bio-polymers, and polymers blended with biological materials come under Fabric industry the range of other polymeric materials used in AM. The quality evaluations that are performed are based on mechanical properties, part density and temperature stability. Polycarbonates (PC), acrylonitrile buta- diene styrene (ABS), polyether-ester ketone (PEEK), polyetherimide (ULTEM) and Nylon are usually uti- lized polymers in measures which need thermoplastics, or plastics treated by warming to a semi-fluid state and near the softening point. Properties of materials were reviewed for example, Strength param- eters of a specific list of Polymeric Materials used in 3D printing was revised, where strength tests showed that material such as Polybutylene terephthalate has a high Yield Strength and Polypropylene has a high Ultimate Tensile Strength. -
Real-Time Kinematics Coordinated Swarm Robotics for Construction 3D Printing
1 Real-time Kinematics Coordinated Swarm Robotics for Construction 3D Printing Darren Wang and Robert Zhu, John Jay High School Abstract Architectural advancements in housing are limited by traditional construction techniques. Construction 3D printing introduces freedom in design that can lead to drastic improvements in building quality, resource efficiency, and cost. Designs for current construction 3D printers have limited build volume and at the scale needed for printing houses, transportation and setup become issues. We propose a swarm robotics-based construction 3D printing system that bypasses all these issues. A central computer will coordinate the movement and actions of a swarm of robots which are each capable of extruding concrete in a programmable path and navigating on both the ground and the structure. The central computer will create paths for each robot to follow by processing the G-code obtained from slicing a CAD model of the intended structure. The robots will use readings from real-time kinematics (RTK) modules to keep themselves on their designated paths. Our goal for this semester is to create a single functioning unit of the swarm and to develop a system for coordinating its movement and actions. Problem Traditional concrete construction is costly, has substantial environmental impact, and limits freedom in design. In traditional concrete construction, workers use special molds called forms to shape concrete. Over a third of the construction cost of a concrete house stems from the formwork alone. Concrete manufacturing and construction are responsible for 6% – 8% of CO2 emissions as well as 10% of energy usage in the world. Many buildings use more concrete than necessary, and this stems from the fact that formwork construction requires walls, floors, and beams to be solid. -
High Speed Sintering for 3D Printing Applications
High Speed Sintering for 3D printing applications High Speed Sintering for 3D printing applications Neil Hopkinson, Adam Ellis, Adam Strevens, Manolis Papastavrou and Torben Lange, Xaar plc Introduction High Speed Sintering (HSS) is a transformational inkjet-based 3D printing technology which is being further developed at Xaar by the original inventor, Prof. Neil Hopkinson. This 3D printing (also called Additive Manufacturing) technology involves depositing a fine layer of polymeric powder, after which inkjet printheads deposit a single IR (infrared) absorbing fluid directly onto the powder surface in the required cross-sectional pattern where sintering is desired. The entire build area is then irradiated with an infrared lamp, causing the printed fluid to absorb this energy and then melt and sinter (consolidate) the underlying powder. This process is then repeated layer by layer until the build is complete. The use of digital inkjet printing makes the process considerably faster than point based systems, for example those requiring a laser to sinter/melt material. As with all 3D printing processes there is no requirement for new moulds, plates or other design template related fixtures. High Speed Sintering is a self-supporting process; this means that solid, hollow and complex shapes with internal features are possible without the need to create and subsequently remove support structures, at much higher speeds than other additive manufacturing processes. Today there are many 3D printing technologies and several other sintering technologies available. This paper demonstrates how High Speed Sintering (HSS) fits in the 3D printing space as a fast and cost-effective route to develop and manufacture customised prototypes and products. -
Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene As Additives in 3D Printing Lara A
University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Chemistry Department Faculty Publication Series Chemistry 2016 Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene as Additives in 3D Printing Lara A. Al-Hariri University of Massachusetts Amherst Branden Leonhardt Florida State University Mesopotamia Nowotarski Florida State University James Magi Florida State University Kaelynn Chambliss Florida State University See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/chem_faculty_pubs Part of the Chemistry Commons, and the Education Commons Recommended Citation Al-Hariri, Lara A.; Leonhardt, Branden; Nowotarski, Mesopotamia; Magi, James; Chambliss, Kaelynn; Venzel, Thaís; Delekar, Sagar; and Acquah, Steve, "Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene as Additives in 3D Printing" (2016). Carbon Nanotubes - Current Progress of their Polymer Composites. 1448. https://doi.org/10.5772/63419 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Chemistry at ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Chemistry Department Faculty Publication Series by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Authors Lara A. Al-Hariri, Branden Leonhardt, Mesopotamia Nowotarski, James Magi, Kaelynn Chambliss, Thaís Venzel, Sagar Delekar, and Steve Acquah This article is available at ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/chem_faculty_pubs/1448 PUBLISHED BY World's largest Science, Technology & Medicine -
3D Printing Technology Applications in Occupational Therapy
Open Access Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation - International Special Article – Occupational Therapy 3D Printing Technology Applications in Occupational Therapy Ganesan B1,2, Al-Jumaily A1 and Luximon A2* 1Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Abstract Sydney, Australia With the rapid development of three dimensional technologies in last three 2The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong decades, it is widely spread worldwide and made dramatic impact into various *Corresponding author: Luximon Ameersing, The fields such as medicine, dentistry, other health care and engineering area. The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong promising future of this 3D printing technology made new future in the medicine Kong to design the various hard tissues, models of body parts, implants, orthosis and prosthesis with high accuracy. This paper focuses on the possibilities Received: May 26, 2016; Accepted: June 06, 2016; and benefits of 3D printing technology in the occupational therapy research Published: June 09, 2016 or clinical practice and presents the different procedures for creating different types of three dimensional physical models. Keywords: 3D printing; Occupational Therapy; Three dimensional Printing; Assistive devices Introduction 3D three-dimensional printing (3DP), Ink Jet printing techniques, vacuum casting and milling (VCM), two-photon polymerization Three dimensional (3D) printing is a novel emerging technology (TPP), direct laser metal sintering (DLMS) [6, 14]. In medicine, there widely used for various fields such as medical, engineering, are different types of materials are used to create rapid prototype educations, and other industrial areas. It is the process of making model of medical devices and implants such as stainless steel, Cobalt three dimensional physical models by using 3D software, computer, Chromium alloys (Co Cr), titanium (Ti) alloys, Polycaprolactone and printer. -
Challenges in the Optimization of 3D Printing of Zirconia Based Pastes By
Challenges in the optimization of 3D printing and robocasting processes using zirconia based pastes 2018 NanoMatLab/Biomat Meeting Robocasting - Introduction • Layer-by-layer deposition of ceramic slurries (paste) through a nozzle (extrusion). • Computer numerical control over nozzle position coordinates and piston movement. • Nozzle diameter ranging from 0.03mm to 2mm. Freeforming 24h. Ceramic parts with bespoke, intricate geometries can be produced quickly and inexpensively. Picture source: [1] Substrate bed heated to 30 [1], [2], [3] Robocasting – Products [4] [1] Robocasting - Slurries • Slurries must be pseudoplastic to flow through the nozzle. • Slurry compositions are kept close to the dilatant ratio. Dilatant Capillarity Adapted from [4] [2] Adapted from [2] • Dilatant mass maintains structural integrity after minimal drying time. • Heated bed speeds up the pseudoplastic to dilatant transition. [2], [4] Robocasting - Slurries • Slurries of high solid fraction, usually 50-65 vol.% ceramic powder. • 35-50 vol.% volatile solvent (usually water). • Higher ceramic loadings decrease sintering shrinkage and cracking. • Highly loaded slurries are prone to agglomeration, that can cause nozzle clogging during extrusion. • Tested slurries: Slurry designation Zirconia powder Powder/dispersant loading weight ratio X High High Y Medium Low Z Low Low [2], [3] 3D Printer Commercial open source 3D printer “Lulzbot MINI” Syringe Hypodermic (extruder) + needle (nozzle) Printing parameters Optimization - Example Movement Extruded slurry Increase flow -
Influence of the Printing Parameters on the Stability of the Deposited Beads in Fused Filament Fabrication of Poly(Lactic) Acid
Open Archive Toulouse Archive Ouverte (OATAO ) OATAO is an open access repository that collects the wor of some Toulouse researchers and ma es it freely available over the web where possible. This is an author's version published in: http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/20922 Official URL : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2018.10.012 To cite this version: Bakrani Balani, Shahriar and Chabert, France and Nassiet, Valérie and Cantarel, Arthur Influence of the printing parameters on the stability of the deposited beads in Fused Filament Fabrication of poly(lactic) acid. Vol. 25, pp. 112-121 (2019) Additive Manufacturing. Any correspondence concerning this service should be sent to the repository administrator: [email protected] Influence of printing parameters on the stability of deposited beads in fused filament fabrication of poly(lactic) acid Shahriar Bakrani Balani 1, 2, a), France Chabert 1, b), Valérie Nassiet 1, c), Arthur Cantarel 2, d), 1 LGP-ENIT-INPT, University of Toulouse, 47 Avenue d’Azereix, BP1629-65016 Tarbes Cedex, France Web Page: http://www.enit.fr/ 2 Institut Clément Ader (ICA), CNRS UMR 5312, University of Toulouse, IUT of Tarbes, UPS, France Web Page: http://www.institut-clement-ader.org/ Corresponding author: b) [email protected] a) [email protected] c) [email protected] d) [email protected] Abstract: Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is one of the various types of additive manufacturing processes. Similar to other types, FFF enables free-form fabrication and optimised structures by using polymeric filaments as the raw material. This work aims to optimise the printing conditions of the FFF process based on reliable properties, such as printing parameters and physical properties of polymers. -
Building 3D-Structures with an Intelligent Robot Swarm
BUILDING 3D-STRUCTURES WITH AN INTELLIGENT ROBOT SWARM A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science by Yiwen Hua May 2018 c 2018 Yiwen Hua ALL RIGHTS RESERVED BUILDING 3D-STRUCTURES WITH AN INTELLIGENT ROBOT SWARM Yiwen Hua, M.S. Cornell University 2018 This research is an extension to the TERMES system, a decentralized au- tonomous construction team composed of swarm robots building 2.5D struc- tures1, with custom-designed bricks. The work in this thesis concerns 1) im- proved mechanical design of the robots, 2) addition of heterogeneous building material, and 3) an extended algorithmic framework to use this material. In or- der to lower system cost and maintenance, the TERMES robot is redesigned for manufacturing in low-end 3D printers and the new drive train, including motor adapters and pulleys, is based on 3D printed components instead of machined aluminum. The work further extends the original system by enabling construc- tion of 3D structures without added hardware complexity in the robots. To do this, we introduce a reusable, spring-loaded expandable brick which can be eas- ily manufactured through one-step casting and which complies with the origi- nal robots and bricks. This thesis also introduces a decentralized construction algorithm that permits an arbitrary number of robots to build overhangs over convex cavities. To enable timely completion of large-scale structures, we also introduce a method by which to optimize the transition probabilities used by the robots to traverse the structure. -
3D Printing System for Ceramic Materials: Design and Testing of an Experimental Rig
3D printing system for ceramic materials: design and testing of an experimental rig Armand Yahnn Fabrice Chefdor Thesis to obtain the Master of Science Degree in Mechanical Engineering Supervisors : Prof. Marco Alexandre de Oliveira Leite Prof. António Manuel Relógio Ribeiro Examination Committee Chairperson : Prof. Luís Filipe Galrão dos Reis Supervisor : Prof. Marco Alexandre de Oliveira Leite Member of the Committee : Prof. Bruno Alexandre Rodrigues Simões Soares July 2018 Acknowledgements Primarily, I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisors from the Mechanical Engineering Department, Professor Marco Alexandre De Oliveira Leite and Professor António Manuel Relógio Ribeiro, as well as Professor Ana Paula Valagão Amadeu do Serro from the chemical department. They all did an outstanding job by granting me support, knowledge and valuable insight into this interesting subject. I would also like to thank my former colleagues from iMakr who introduced me to the capacities of additive manufacturing and took the time to provide me useful knowledge for this following topic. I would likewise thank my colleagues from the chemical department and the Lab2Prod for their guidance and generous help with diverse tasks regarding my work. Finally, I gratefully acknowledge all the people who allow the Erasmus exchange program to exist, and thus helped me to stay at Técnico for this semester. On the other hand, I do not wish to thank my Erasmus friends who often found a way to take my concentration away from this subject. II Abstract In the context of a constantly growing additive manufacturing market, many processes are acquiring important statuses in the medical field. -
A Study on 3D Printing and Its Effects on the Future of Transportation
CAIT-UTC-NC19 A Study on 3D Printing and its Effects on the Future of Transportation September 2018 Submitted by: Omar Jumaah, Doctoral Candidate Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey 98 Brett Road Piscataway, NJ 08854-8058 [email protected] External Project Manager Patrick Szary, PhD Associate Director, CAIT Central Administration Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey 100 Brett Road Piscataway, NJ 08854-8058 [email protected] In cooperation with Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey & State of Department of Transportation & U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration i Disclaimer Statement The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the information presented herein. This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation, University Transportation Centers Program, in the interest of information exchange. The U.S. Government assumes no liability for the contents or use thereof. The Center for Advanced Infrastructure and Transportation (CAIT) is a National UTC Consortium led by Rutgers, The State University. Members of the consortium are the University of Delaware, Utah State University, Columbia University, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Princeton University, University of Texas at El Paso, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, and University of South Florida. The Center is funded by the U.S. Department of Transportation. ii CAIT-UTC-NC19 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. CAIT-UTC-NC19 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date A Study on 3D Printing and its Effects on the Future of Transportation September 2018 6. -
3D-Printed Photoactive Semiconducting Nanowire
Forum Article Cite This: ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 2020, 3, 969−976 www.acsanm.org 3D-Printed Photoactive Semiconducting Nanowire−Polymer Composites for Light Sensors † † † ‡ § ∥ Xin Shan, Pengsu Mao, Haoran Li, Thomas Geske, Divya Bahadur, Yan Xin, § † ‡ Subramanian Ramakrishnan, and Zhibin Yu*, , † Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, High-Performance Materials Institute, FAMU-FSU College of ‡ § Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of ∥ Engineering, and National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States *S Supporting Information ABSTRACT: We demonstrated 3D-printed photoactive composites for light sensors. The composites consist of semiconducting polymer nanowires dispersed in an insulating polymer matrix through a thermo- or photocuring process. The nanowires formed percolated networks for charge-carrier collection at a very low nanowire volume concentration. Photodetectors had been fabricated with such composites and obtained a low leakage current density of 25 nA cm−2, a large conductivity change of 18025 times upon light irradiation (1 sun), and a high specific detectivity of 4.5 × 1010 Jones. The composite precursors before curing had been used as paints on different surfaces including wood, cardboard, and glass fiber cloth to create photoactive coatings on these surfaces. The precursors had also been used for 3D printing to create photoactive structures with a mechanical modulus of 4 GPa and an ultimate strength of 36 MPa. KEYWORDS: 3D printing, composite, semiconductor, photodetector, P3HT, nanowire ■ INTRODUCTION certain desired spectra of electromagnetic radiation, which is difficult to achieve if metallic or insulating composites are Polymer-based composites have been widely used as structural 14 components in the automotive, construction, and aerospace used. -
Beginner's Guide to 3D Printing
2015 BEGINNER’S GUIDE TO 3D PRINTING VERSION 0.1 THINK3D TEAM Welcome to think3D’s Beginner’s Guide to 3D Printing. This document is for people who are completely new to 3D printing technology or who are looking at gaining additional information on 3D printing technology. It is very imperative that 3D printing technology is going to change the world. Experts claim 3D printing is a much bigger revolution than internet. We at think3D, completely agree to those viewpoints. In this document, we shall be providing data to illustrate the true revolutionary nature of 3D printing. This document is structured into 6 chapters, (a) Introduction of 3D printing (b) History of 3D printing (c) 3D Printing Technology (d) 3D Printing Processes (e) 3D Printing Materials (f) 3D Printing Applications (g) 3D Printing Glossary. “3D printing” is an umbrella term for a host of processes and technologies that offer a full spectrum of capabilities for the production of parts and products in different materials. One thing common in all these processes is the manner in which production is carried out – layer by layer in an additive process. That is why “3D Printing” is also called additive manufacturing in contrast to traditional methods of production that are primarily subtractive in nature, also called as “subtractive manufacturing” or molding/casting processes. Applications of 3D printing are emerging almost by the day, and, as this technology continues to penetrate more widely and deeply across industrial, maker and consumer sectors, this is only set to increase. Most reputable commentators on this technology sector agree that, as of today, we are only just beginning to see the true potential of 3D printing.