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Mineral Processing
Mineral Processing Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy 1st English edition JAN DRZYMALA, C. Eng., Ph.D., D.Sc. Member of the Polish Mineral Processing Society Wroclaw University of Technology 2007 Translation: J. Drzymala, A. Swatek Reviewer: A. Luszczkiewicz Published as supplied by the author ©Copyright by Jan Drzymala, Wroclaw 2007 Computer typesetting: Danuta Szyszka Cover design: Danuta Szyszka Cover photo: Sebastian Bożek Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27 50-370 Wroclaw Any part of this publication can be used in any form by any means provided that the usage is acknowledged by the citation: Drzymala, J., Mineral Processing, Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy, Oficyna Wydawnicza PWr., 2007, www.ig.pwr.wroc.pl/minproc ISBN 978-83-7493-362-9 Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................................9 Part I Introduction to mineral processing .....................................................................13 1. From the Big Bang to mineral processing................................................................14 1.1. The formation of matter ...................................................................................14 1.2. Elementary particles.........................................................................................16 1.3. Molecules .........................................................................................................18 1.4. Solids................................................................................................................19 -
Minerals of the System Stichtite–Pyroaurite–Iowaite–Woodallite from Serpentinites of the Terekta Ridge (Gorny Altai, Russia)
Russian Geology and Geophysics © 2020, V.S. Sobolev IGM, Siberian Branch of the RAS Vol. 61, No. 1, pp. 36–46, 2020 DOI:10.15372/RGG2019076 Geologiya i Geofizika Minerals of the System Stichtite–Pyroaurite–Iowaite–Woodallite from Serpentinites of the Terekta Ridge (Gorny Altai, Russia) E.S. Zhitovaa, , I.V. Pekovb, N.V. Chukanovb,c, V.O. Yapaskurtb, V.N. Bocharova aSt. Petersburg University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, St. Petersburg, 199034 Russia bLomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory GSP-1, Moscow, 119991, Russia cInstitute of Problems of Chemical Physics of RAS, pr. Akademika Semenova 1, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia Received 26 April 2018; accepted 17 September 2018 Abstract—Hydrotalcite supergroup minerals stichtite, pyroaurite, iowaite, and woodallite form a complex solid-solution system at the Kyzyl-Uyuk locality (Terekta Ridge, Gorny Altai, Russia). The diversity of these minerals is due to: (1) subdivision by anionic interlayer composition into carbonate (stichtite and pyroaurite) and chloride (iowaite and woodallite) species and (2) isomorphism of M 3+ cations, mainly between Cr- (stichtite and woodallite) and Fe3+-dominant species (pyroaurite and iowaite), with a quantitative predominance of stichtite and iowaite. Most of the studied samples correspond to stichtite and woodallite with high Fe3+ contents or pyroaurite and iowaite with high Cr3+ contents. According to vibrational (IR and Raman) spectroscopy data, the interlayer Cl– is partially substituted by OH– rather 2– –1 than CO3 groups. We suppose that the presence/absence of a band in the region 1400–1350 cm in the Raman spectra of stichtite can be explained by the local distortion of triangular CO3 groups. -
A (Sixth) List of New Mineral Names
352 A (sixth) list of new mineral names: By L. J. Srv.Nc~a, M.A., F.G.S. Assistant in the Mineral Department of the British Museum. [Communicated March 11, 1918.] Achla,~ite. (R. Koechlin, l~iineralogisches Taschenbuch der Wiener Mineralogischen Gesellschaft, 1911, pp. 12, 62 ; Min. Petr. Mitt., 1912, vol. xxxi, p. 91 (Achiardit).) Synonym of Dachiardite (G. D'Achiardi, 1906; 4th list). Aohlusite. W.F. Petterd, 1910. Catalogue of the Minerals of Tasmania, 8rd edit., Hobart, 1910, p. 191; Papers Roy. Soc. Tasmania, 1910, p. 191. A green alteration product of topaz resembling steatite in appearance, but near soda-mica in composition. Derivation not stated, but no doubt from ~X~.J~, mist, alluding to the cloudy alteration of the clear topaz. Aomite-augite. F. Zambonini, 1910. Mineralogia Vesuviana. Mere. Accad. Sci. Fis. Mat. Napoli, vol. xiv, pp. 158, 155 (acmlteaugite). The same as aegirine-augite (H. Rosenbusch, 1902 ; 2nd List), but brown in colour. Aegerite. (~Jineral Resources U.S. Geol. Survey, for 1910, 1911, part ii, p. 886.) Trade-name for a bitumen allied to elaterite. Aconite. (Mineral Resources U.S. Geol. Survey, for 1909, 1911, part ii, p. 738.) Trade-name for a bitumen very similar to elaterite. Albanite. C. I. Istrati and M. A. Mihailescu, 1912. Bul. Soc. Rem~ne ,Sti., vol. xx, p. 626. A bituminous material from Alt~nia. Alleharite. B. Je~.ek, 1912. Zeits. Kryst. Min., vol. li, p. 275 (Alleharit). Small, acicular, orthorhombic crystals, resembling stibnite in appearance, found with vrbaite (q.v.) on specimens of realgar and i Previous lists of this series have been given at the ends of vols. -
Infrare D Transmission Spectra of Carbonate Minerals
Infrare d Transmission Spectra of Carbonate Mineral s THE NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Infrare d Transmission Spectra of Carbonate Mineral s G. C. Jones Department of Mineralogy The Natural History Museum London, UK and B. Jackson Department of Geology Royal Museum of Scotland Edinburgh, UK A collaborative project of The Natural History Museum and National Museums of Scotland E3 SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V. Firs t editio n 1 993 © 1993 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Chapman & Hall in 1993 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1993 Typese t at the Natura l Histor y Museu m ISBN 978-94-010-4940-5 ISBN 978-94-011-2120-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-2120-0 Apar t fro m any fair dealin g for the purpose s of researc h or privat e study , or criticis m or review , as permitte d unde r the UK Copyrigh t Design s and Patent s Act , 1988, thi s publicatio n may not be reproduced , stored , or transmitted , in any for m or by any means , withou t the prio r permissio n in writin g of the publishers , or in the case of reprographi c reproductio n onl y in accordanc e wit h the term s of the licence s issue d by the Copyrigh t Licensin g Agenc y in the UK, or in accordanc e wit h the term s of licence s issue d by the appropriat e Reproductio n Right s Organizatio n outsid e the UK. Enquirie s concernin g reproductio n outsid e the term s state d here shoul d be sent to the publisher s at the Londo n addres s printe d on thi s page. -
Mount Lyell Abt Railway Tasmania
Mount Lyell Abt Railway Tasmania Nomination for Engineers Australia Engineering Heritage Recognition Volume 2 Prepared by Ian Cooper FIEAust CPEng (Retired) For Abt Railway Ministerial Corporation & Engineering Heritage Tasmania July 2015 Mount Lyell Abt Railway Engineering Heritage nomination Vol2 TABLE OF CONTENTS BIBLIOGRAPHIES CLARKE, William Branwhite (1798-1878) 3 GOULD, Charles (1834-1893) 6 BELL, Charles Napier, (1835 - 1906) 6 KELLY, Anthony Edwin (1852–1930) 7 STICHT, Robert Carl (1856–1922) 11 DRIFFIELD, Edward Carus (1865-1945) 13 PHOTO GALLERY Cover Figure – Abt locomotive train passing through restored Iron Bridge Figure A1 – Routes surveyed for the Mt Lyell Railway 14 Figure A2 – Mount Lyell Survey Team at one of their camps, early 1893 14 Figure A3 – Teamsters and friends on the early track formation 15 Figure A4 - Laying the rack rail on the climb up from Dubbil Barril 15 Figure A5 – Cutting at Rinadeena Saddle 15 Figure A6 – Abt No. 1 prior to dismantling, packaging and shipping to Tasmania 16 Figure A7 – Abt No. 1 as changed by the Mt Lyell workshop 16 Figure A8 – Schematic diagram showing Abt mechanical motion arrangement 16 Figure A9 – Twin timber trusses of ‘Quarter Mile’ Bridge spanning the King River 17 Figure A10 – ‘Quarter Mile’ trestle section 17 Figure A11 – New ‘Quarter Mile’ with steel girder section and 3 Bailey sections 17 Figure A12 – Repainting of Iron Bridge following removal of lead paint 18 Figure A13 - Iron Bridge restoration cross bracing & strengthening additions 18 Figure A14 – Iron Bridge new -
Gaspéite-Magnesite Solid Solutions and Their Significance
78 Advances in Regolith GASPÉITE-MAGNESITE SOLID SOLUTIONS AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE Meagan E. Clissold, Peter Leverett & Peter A. Williams School of Science, Food and Horticulture, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC NSW 1797 It is a surprising fact that, despite the increasing number of secondary minerals of Ni(II) recognized from oxidized base metal deposits (Anthony et al. 2003), the supergene chemistry responsible for their formation remains poorly understood. An understanding of this chemistry would be desirable in view of its importance with respect to geochemical exploration for the element, its behaviour in the regolith and the potential development of commercially exploitable secondary nickel resources. Of the secondary nickel minerals known, gaspéite, NiCO3, is perhaps the most common and has been observed in a number of Western Australian deposits. Notable among these is the 132 pit at Widgiemooltha, near Kambalda, WA (Nickel et al.1994). The supergene profile of the 132 pit consists of 5 zones: oxide, carbonate, violarite-pyrite, transition and primary zone. The carbonate zone is 3-12 m below surface and is characterized by the occurrence of a number of flat-lying to sub-horizontal veins of gaspéite that cut across altered wall rock comprising tremolite and goethite. These veins extend from what was a large sulfide body across the matrix layer. Single gaspéite veins have a size of 5 x 5 x 0.05 m on average and may occur in masses of up to 10 x 10 x 1 m; they are typically massive to either granular or fibrous. From the lower part of the carbonate zone upwards there is a progressive decrease in the amount of gaspéite and other carbonate minerals, and their respective nickel contents. -
Violarite Fe2+Ni S4
2+ 3+ Violarite Fe Ni2 S4 c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Cubic. Point Group: 4/m 32/m. As nodules up to 0.5 cm and massive. Physical Properties: Cleavage: Perfect on {001}. Tenacity: Brittle. Hardness = 4.5–5.5 VHN = 455–493 (100 g load). D(meas.) = n.d. D(calc.) = 4.79 Optical Properties: Opaque. Color: Violet-gray; distinctly violet in reflected light. Luster: Metallic. R: (400) 39.0, (420) 39.6, (440) 40.2, (460) 40.6, (480) 41.0, (500) 41.4, (520) 41.9, (540) 42.5, (560) 43.1, (580) 43.8, (600) 44.3, (620) 44.8, (640) 45.4, (660) 45.8, (680) 46.2, (700) 46.6 Cell Data: Space Group: Fd3m. a = 9.51 Z = 8 X-ray Powder Pattern: Vermilion mine, Sudbury, Canada. 2.85 (100), 1.674 (80), 1.820 (60), 2.36 (50), 1.059 (50), 1.183 (40), 1.115 (40) Chemistry: (1) (2) (3) Fe 17.01 19.33 18.52 Ni 38.68 33.94 38.94 Co 1.05 2.50 Cu 1.12 1.05 S 41.68 42.17 42.54 insol. 0.40 1.31 Total 99.94 100.30 100.00 (1) Vermilion mine, Sudbury, Canada; contains trace chalcopyrite. (2) Friday mine, Julian, California, USA; contains trace chalcopyrite. (3) FeNi2S4. Mineral Group: Linnaeite group. Occurrence: Of hydrothermal origin, with other sulfides. Association: Pyrrhotite, millerite, chalcopyrite, pentlandite. Distribution: In the USA, from the Friday mine, Julian, San Diego Co., California; the Key West mine, Clark Co., Nevada; the Copper King mine, Gold Hill district, Boulder Co., Colorado; the Lick Fork deposit, Floyd Co., Virginia; and the Gap Nickel mine, Lancaster Co., Pennsylvania. -
C:\Documents and Settings\Alan Smithee\My Documents\MOTM
Itkx1//7Lhmdq`knesgdLnmsg9Rshbgshsd Our ongoing search for new minerals to feature finds us scouring the more than forty separate shows that comprise the Tucson Gem & Mineral show every year, looking for large lots of interesting and attractive minerals. The search is rewarded when we make a new contact and find something especially vibrant like this month’s combination of lavender stichtite in green serpentinite! OGXRHB@K OQNODQSHDR Chemistry: Mg6Cr2(CO3)(OH)16A4H2O Basic Hydrous Magnesium Chromium Carbonate (Hydrous Magnesium Chromium Carbonate Hydroxide) Class: Carbonates Subclass: Carbonates with hydroxyl or halogen radicals Group: Hydrotalcite Crystal System: Trigonal Crystal Habits: Crystals rarely macroscopic; usually as crust-like aggregates in matrix; sometimes radiating, micaceous with flexible plates, and nodular with tuberous, irregular surface projections; also massive and fibrous. Color: Lavender, lilac, light violet, pink, or purplish. Luster: Waxy, greasy, sometimes pearly. Transparency: Transparent to translucent Streak: White to pale lilac Refractive Index: 1.516-1.542 Cleavage: Perfect in one direction Fracture: Uneven, brittle. Hardness: 1.5-2.0 Specific Gravity: 2.2 Luminescence: None Distinctive Features and Tests: Softness, color, crystal habits, occurrence in chromium-rich metamorphic environments, and frequent association with serpentinite (a greenish metamorphic rock). Stichtite can be confused with similarly colored sugilite [potassium sodium iron manganese aluminum lithium silicate, KNa2(Fe,Mn,Al)2Li2Si12O30]. -
Stichtite Mg6cr2co3(OH)16∙4H2O - Crystal Data: Hexagonal
Stichtite Mg6Cr2CO3(OH)16∙4H2O - Crystal Data: Hexagonal. Point Group: 3 2/m or 6/m 2/m 2/m. As aggregates of fibers or plates, commonly matted, contorted; as cross-fiber veinlets and micaceous scales. Physical Properties: Cleavage: Perfect on {0001}. Tenacity: Laminae flexible, not elastic; greasy feel. Hardness = 1.5-2 D(meas.) = 2.16 D(calc.) = 2.11 Optical Properties: Transparent. Color: Lilac to rose-pink; lilac to rose-pink in transmitted light. Streak: Very pale lilac to white. Luster: Waxy to resinous, somewhat pearly. Optical Class: Uniaxial (–); may be anomalously biaxial. ω = 1.545(3) ε = 1.518(3) 2V(meas.) = Small. Pleochroism: Weak; O = dark rose-pink to lilac; E = light rose-pink to lilac. - Cell Data: Space Group: R3 m. a = 3.09575(3) c = 23.5069(6) Z = 3/8 (stichtite-3R) Space Group: P63/mmc. a = 3.09689(6) c = 15.6193(8) Z = 1/4 (stichtite-2H) X-ray Powder Pattern: Dundas, Tasmania, Australia. (ICDD 14-330) 7.8 (100), 3.91 (90), 2.60 (40), 2.32 (30), 1.97 (30), 1.54 (20), 1.51 (20) Chemistry: (1) (2) Al2O3 2.30 Fe2O3 4.18 Cr2O3 14.15 23.24 MgO 37.72 36.98 H2O 34.14 33.05 CO2 7.15 6.73 Total [100.00] 100.00 (1) Dundas, Tasmania, Australia; probably intermixed with stichtite-2H, original total of 99.27% recalculated to 100% after deduction of SiO2 2.09%, FeO 0.28% as chromite. (2) Mg6Cr2(CO3)(OH)16•4H2O. Polymorphism & Series: Polytypes 3R and 2H (formerly barbertonite). -
Sulfide Minerals in the G and H Chromitite Zones of the Stillwater Complex, Montana
Sulfide Minerals in the G and H Chromitite Zones of the Stillwater Complex, Montana GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 694 Sulfide Minerals in the G and H Chromitite Zones of the Stillwater Complex, Montana By NORMAN J PAGE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 694 The relationship of the amount, relative abundance, and size of grains of selected sulfide minerals to the crystallization of a basaltic magma UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON: 1971 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ROGERS C. B. MORTON, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY William T. Pecora, Director Library of CongresR catalog-card No. 70-610589 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printin&' Otrice Washin&'ton, D.C. 20402 - Price 35 cents (paper cover) CONTENTS Page Abstract------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 Introduction________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 Acknowledgments--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 Sulfide occurrences-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 Sulfide inclusions in cumulus minerals_____________________________________________________________________________ 4 Fabrtc______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5 Phase assemblages__________________________________________________________________________________________ -
Minerals Found in Michigan Listed by County
Michigan Minerals Listed by Mineral Name Based on MI DEQ GSD Bulletin 6 “Mineralogy of Michigan” Actinolite, Dickinson, Gogebic, Gratiot, and Anthonyite, Houghton County Marquette counties Anthophyllite, Dickinson, and Marquette counties Aegirinaugite, Marquette County Antigorite, Dickinson, and Marquette counties Aegirine, Marquette County Apatite, Baraga, Dickinson, Houghton, Iron, Albite, Dickinson, Gratiot, Houghton, Keweenaw, Kalkaska, Keweenaw, Marquette, and Monroe and Marquette counties counties Algodonite, Baraga, Houghton, Keweenaw, and Aphrosiderite, Gogebic, Iron, and Marquette Ontonagon counties counties Allanite, Gogebic, Iron, and Marquette counties Apophyllite, Houghton, and Keweenaw counties Almandite, Dickinson, Keweenaw, and Marquette Aragonite, Gogebic, Iron, Jackson, Marquette, and counties Monroe counties Alunite, Iron County Arsenopyrite, Marquette, and Menominee counties Analcite, Houghton, Keweenaw, and Ontonagon counties Atacamite, Houghton, Keweenaw, and Ontonagon counties Anatase, Gratiot, Houghton, Keweenaw, Marquette, and Ontonagon counties Augite, Dickinson, Genesee, Gratiot, Houghton, Iron, Keweenaw, Marquette, and Ontonagon counties Andalusite, Iron, and Marquette counties Awarurite, Marquette County Andesine, Keweenaw County Axinite, Gogebic, and Marquette counties Andradite, Dickinson County Azurite, Dickinson, Keweenaw, Marquette, and Anglesite, Marquette County Ontonagon counties Anhydrite, Bay, Berrien, Gratiot, Houghton, Babingtonite, Keweenaw County Isabella, Kalamazoo, Kent, Keweenaw, Macomb, Manistee, -
Download the Scanned
THE AMERICAN MINERAIOGIST, VOL.51 AUGUST' 1966 TABLE 3 These concentrationranges were arbitrarily selected' Ag Antimonpearceite Empressite Novakite Aramayoite Fizelyite Owyheeite Argentojarosite Jalpaite Pavonite Arsenopolybasite Marrite Ramdohrite Benjaminite Moschellandsbergite see also Unnamed Minerals 30-32 AI Abukumalite Calcium ferri-phosphate Ferrocarpholite Ajoite Carbonate-cyanotrichite Fersmite Akaganeite Chalcoalumite Fraipontite Aluminocopiapite Chukhrovite Galarite Alumohydrocalcite Clinoptilolite Garronite Alvanite Coeruleolactite Glaucokerinite Aminoffite Cofrnite Goldmanite Anthoinite Combeite Gordonite Arandisite Corrensite Giitzenite Armenite Crandallite Grovesite Ashcroftine Creedite Guildite Ba:ralsite Cryptomelane Gutsevichite Barbertonite Cymrite Harkerite Basaluminite Cyrilovite Ilibonite Bayerite Davisonite Hidalgoite Bearsite Deerite H6gbomite Beidellite Delhayelite Hydrobasaluminite Beryllite Dickite Hydrocalumite Bialite Doloresite flydrogrossular Bikitaite Eardleyite Hydroscarbroite Boehmite Elpasolite Hydrougrandite Blggildite Endellite Indialite Bolivarite Englishite Iron cordierite Brammallite Ephesite Jarlite Brazilianire Erionite Johachidolite Brownmillerite Falkenstenite Juanite Buddingtonite Faustite Jusite Cadwaladerite Ferrazite Kalsilite Cafetite Ferrierite Karnasurtite 1336 GROUPSBY E.LEM\:,NTS 1337 Karpinskyite Orlite Stenonite Katoptrite Orthochamosite Sudoite Kehoeite Osarizawaite Sursassite Kennedyite Osumilite Swedenborgite Kimzeyite Overite Taaffeite Kingite Painite Tacharanite Knipovichite