US 2010O212214A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2010/0212214 A1 WU et al. (43) Pub. Date: Aug. 26, 2010

(54) CANDLE COMPOSITION (30) Foreign Application Priority Data (75) Inventors: Boneng WU, Toronto (CA); Dennis Feb. 25, 2009 (CA) ...... 2655367 Kwok Wai YUNG, Mississauga Publication Classification (CA) (51) Int. Cl. CIIC5/00 (2006.01) Correspondence Address: B29C 39/00 (2006.01) YER iwiREET (52) U.S. Cl...... 44/275; 264/299 MEDINA, OH 44256 (US) (57) ABSTRACT A candle composition having fatty alcohol and vegetable (73) Assignee: PREMIER CANDLE CORP, based wax. A candle composition having fatty alcohol and Mississauga (CA) vegetable-based wax, and wherein the fatty alcohol com prises 0.5% to 99.5% by mass. A process for making a candle composition is also provided, the process comprising mixing (21) Appl. No.: 12/711,350 together a fatty alcohol and a vegetable-based wax, heating the mixture to a temperature of 70-80° C., pouring into a (22) Filed: Feb. 24, 2010 container or mould, and cooling the mixture. US 2010/0212214 A1 Aug. 26, 2010

CANDLE COMPOSITION stearic acid (from soy oil or animal fat). Cetyl alcohol (49°C. melting point, 180° C. boiling point, and 160° C. open cup FIELD OF THE INVENTION flash point) and stearyl alcohol (61° C. melting point, 210°C. 0001. This invention relates to candle compositions. In boiling point and 200° C. open cup flash point) are preferred particular, this invention relates to candle compositions com fatty alcohols for the purposes of the present embodiments. prising fatty alcohol and a process for making a candle com However, any of the following fatty alcohols and mixtures of positions comprising fatty alcohol. the following fatty alcohols may also be used: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 0002 Candles have been used for centuries as a source of Common Molecular light and for their aesthetic appeal. Paraffin wax has been l8le UPAC name formula traditionally used in making candles, which conventionally Capryl -octanol C-8 fatty CH(CH),OH comprises 80 to 100% paraffin wax. Paraffin wax is also a 8COO 8COO Capric -decanol C-10 fatty CH(CH2)3OH petroleum by-product and is known to produce toxins, black 8COO 8COO Soot and carcinogens. While beeswax may also be used as Lauryl -dodecanol C-12 fatty CH(CH), OH candle wax, some users may not find beeswax desirable due to 8COO 8COO its poor burn performance. Moreover, although beeswax is Myristic -tetradecanol C-14 fatty CH(CH2)3OH 8COO 8COO considered a renewable wax, it is very expensive and there Cetyl -hexadecanol C-16 fatty CH(CH2)5OH fore not profitable for large-scale candle applications. It 8COO 8COO would therefore be advantageous to eliminate or reduce the Stearyl -octadecanol C-18 fatty CH(CH2),OH paraffin wax and beeswax used in candles in favour of alter 8COO 8COO Arachidyl -eicosanol C-20 fatty CH3(CH2)9COH native Substances, such vegetable derived materials and 8COO 8COO ingredients. Behenyl -docosanol C-22 fatty CH(CH2)2OH 0003. There is currently a need for a renewable candle wax 8COO 8COO composition that is natural and environmental-friendly. In Lignoceryl -tetracosanol C-24 fatty CH3(CH2)2OH 8COO 8COO particular, it would be advantageous to have a candle wax Ceryl -hexacosanol C-26 fatty CH3(CH2)5OH composition that uses renewable ingredients and therefore is 8COO 8COO also biodegradable. Montanyl -octacosanol C-28 fatty CH(CH2)2,OH 0004 Some manufacturers in the candle industry have 8COO 8COO Myricyl -triacontanol C-30 fatty CH3(CH2)2OH started using triglycerides and fatty acids as the main ingre 8COO 8COO dients of wax for candle production. However there are sev Geddy -tetratriacontanol C-34 fatty CH3(CH2)3OH eral disadvantages of Such renewable candle compositions, 8COO 8COO Such as: undesirable blooming/frosting due to crystallization of triglycerides and fatty acids during the phase changing from liquid to solid; pits, bubbles and/or holes in the candle 0010. Different kinds of fatty alcohols may be mixed to composition; and poor burn performance and low wax con obtain an amorphous, semi-transparent candle composition Sumption. with a strong structure. A single fatty alcohol tends to crys 0005. It is therefore advantageous to have an improved tallize more than a mixture of two or more fatty alcohols, and candle composition that is more environmental-friendly than therefore mixtures of fatty alcohols are preferred to form an previous compositions, and overcomes disadvantages associ amorphous Substance with a stronger structure. ated with previous compositions. 0011 Candle compositions comprised of triglycerides and fatty acid (and without fatty alcohol) tend to crystallize very easily. This crystallization is primarily due to the simi DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED larity of molecule structure and polarity of the triglyceride EMBODIMENTS and fatty acid. Crystallization causes pits, bubbles and/or 0006. In the embodiments described below, there is pro holes in the candle composition during production processing vided a renewable candle composition that may be considered and results in a significantly longer and slower cooling pro eco-friendly. cess (to avoid blooming and cracking) in production. This 0007 According to one embodiment, there is a provided a results in the following problems during the production pro candle composition comprising fatty alcohol. According to cess: high labour cost and high energy consumption due to the another embodiment, there is provided a candle composition longer and slower production; loss of fragrance during the comprising fatty alcohol and vegetable-based wax. long, slow and hot production process; a high scrap rate; a low 0008 Fatty alcohols are natural ingredients from plant production rate; and changes in colour and/or oxidation of the based or animal-based materials and thus are used as an wax due to the high temperatures during the longer produc ingredient for all-natural, renewable wax candles. tion process. In addition, the crystallization of the fatty acid 0009 Examples of fatty alcohol include plant-based fatty and triglycerides during the congealing step in the production alcohol. Such as jojoba alcohol, which is a mixture of free process causes tension build-up within the candle. As a result, fatty alcohols of between 16 and 24 carbon atoms (derived the candle becomes brittle and unstable when exposed to low from jojoba oil), and animal-based fatty alcohol. Fatty alco temperature. hols can also be made from fatty acid by the process of 0012. The crystallization that occurs in the triglyceride catalytic hydrogenation to meet the need for large-scale and fatty acid candle also causes significant bubbling when industrial applications. Cetyl alcohol (palmitic alcohol) and the candle is burned. The bubbling causes lots of cheese-like stearyl alcohol are the most widely-used fatty alcohols due to holes on the candle surface and thereby results in a candle the industrial abundance of palmitic acid (from palm oil) and having an unfavourable appearance. In addition, the triglyc US 2010/0212214 A1 Aug. 26, 2010

eride and fatty acid renewable candles usually have a poor acids, non-hydrogenated lipids and any mixtures thereof. The burn performance and low wax consumption rate due to the triglycerides can be solid form triglycerides and/or semi-solid higher boiling point and flash point of the triglyceride and form triglycerides. fatty acid. Vegetable waxes blended with paraffin can improve 0019. Examples of suitable triglycerides include, without the overall burn quality since paraffin contains alkane por limitation, fully hydrogenated vegetable oil, partially hydro tions of low flash point (about 100° C. lower than the flash genated vegetable oil, non-hydrogenated vegetable oil, and point of triglyceride-based fuel), however the introduction of animal fat/lipid. Examples of mono-triglycerides include, paraffin is contrary to the concept of a renewable, all-natural without limitation, glyceryl moonoleate, glyceryl monolau candle. Alternatively, triglycerides-based fuel can be chemi rate, and glyceryl monostearate. Examples of di-glycerdies cally modified to improve burn performance by the process of include, without limitation, glyceryl dioleate, glyceryl dilau transesterification, which results in a biodiesel product. How rate and glyceryl distearate. ever chemical modification consumes energy and produces 0020. The fatty acids can be lauric acid, myristic acid, wastes and thus is also contrary to the concept of a renewable, palmitic acid, Stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid or any eco-friendly product. mixtures thereof. A person skilled in the art would understand 0013 Fatty alcohols are amphiphatic in nature (i.e. pos the types of vegetable-based waxes and fatty acids that could sess hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties) and thus func be used in the present embodiments. tion as non-ionic Surfactants and thereby are Suitable emulsi 0021. According to another embodiment, a candle com fiers in lipid-based environments, such as a vegetable wax. position is provided having 55-100% by mass fatty alcohol 0014 Fatty alcohol inhibits the crystallization of triglyc and the remainder non-hydrogenated vegetable lipid. For the eride and fatty acid in a candle composition and thereby purposes of the present embodiments, acceptable non-hydro prevents the sharp phase change (ie. from liquid to solid) genated vegetable lipids may include, without limitation, during the congealing process of the wax composition and Soybean oil, Sunflower oil, safflower oil, grape seed oil, corn therefore results in a lower likelihood of crystallization, a oil, palm oil, olive oil, cotton seed oil, canola oil, coconut oil, lower likelihood oftension build-up within the wax and there jojoba oil, and any mixture thereof. fore less cracking. As a result, there is less blooming and 0022. According to a further embodiment, there is pro frosting during the candle manufacturing process, and less vided a process for making a candle composition. The process bubbling during and after the burn. The production process is includes combining a fatty alcohol and a vegetable-based faster and there is a lower scrap rate and less re-work, result wax, and heating the mixture to a temperature of 70-80° C. ing in a better quality candle, a higher production rate and a The mixture is stirred until completed melting and the melt lower energy consumption process. ing temperature is brought to 70-80° C. Fragrances and anti 0015 Fatty alcohols also lower the viscosity of liquid wax. oxidants may be added to the mixture, and the liquid wax Low viscosity of liquid wax results in an improvement of the temperature is maintained for about 10 minutes within a fuel Supplying to Sustain the burn. Therefore a candle wax range of 60-85°C., preferably within 70-80° C. The mixture component containing fatty alcohol burns well and is more is then cooled and poured into a candle container. "clean' with less soot. In addition, smaller wick sizes are 0023 The following are examples of a preferred embodi required. ment of the present invention, without limiting its scope as 0016. The suitable boiling points (cetyl alcohol: 180° C.; defined by the claims. stearyl alcohol: 210°C.) of the fatty alcohols not only con tribute to a better burn of the combination but also help to EXAMPLE 1. prevent the liquid wax pool from being overheated by the flame. For example, in the cetyl-stearyl alcohol blending 0024. This example is a candle composition formed from renewable wax, when the temperature at the root of the flame fatty alcohol, hydrogenated coconut oil and a plant-based reaches 180-210°C., the cetyl alcohol and stearyl alcohol wax. The wax base ingredients are: components evaporate rapidly and therefore absorb a large 0025 Palm wax 6910: 45% amount of heat and therefore avoid further increased tempera (0026 Cetyl alcohol: 15% ture. The temperature at the root of the flame will be main (0027 Stearyl alcohol: 15% tained within 180-210°C. This prevents the renewable wax (0028 (92F) hydrogenated coconut oil: 25% from becoming a yellowish-brown colour after several cycles Sample detail: Fragrance: 5% crisp cotton; Wick: CDN10 ofburn. On the other hand, the triglyceride based components with sustainer; Jar candle: 9 oz (blending of triglycerides and fatty alcohols) control the over (0029 Batching Process: evaporating offatty alcohols components in the mixture and 0030. Follow the formula weight and place all ingredients therefore avoid the hazard of entire candle body catching fire. into the batching tank. Heat and melt the mixture and stir for 0017. The amphipathic nature of fatty alcohol can also about 10 minutes while trying to keep the wax temperature help fragrances to disperse into the wax mixture. Conse within 70-80° C. Then put the fragrance and stir the liquid quently there will be less fragrance bleeding/leaking when wax mixture for another 10 minutes. Maintain the liquid wax fatty alcohols are included in the wax composition. For temperature within 60-85°C., preferably within 70-80° C. example, cetyl-Stearyl blending alcohol can Solidify high 0031 Prepare the wickandjar for the candles. Preheat the amounts of fragrance oil, thereby providing a better quality jar before pouring the mixture into the jar. Jar temperature candle composition. should reach 45°C., preferably 50° C.--f-5°C.), to avoid wick 0018. According to another embodiment, a candle com wax from melting down. Then pour a requisite amount of position is provided having fatty alcohol and vegetable-based liquid wax into to the jar. 3-5 minutes after pouring apply fan wax, wherein the fatty alcohol comprises 0.5% to 99.5% by from bottom or sides of the jar to cool down the candle. In mass of the total composition. The vegetable-based wax may addition, 90-120 minutes after first pouring, heat the surface include triglycerides, mono-glycerides, di-glycerides, fatty of the candle and apply second pour on top, if desired. US 2010/0212214 A1 Aug. 26, 2010

0032. A candle composition having this formula can be 0050. This is the revised version of Example 2 with more hot-packed without bubbling and pitting trouble thereafter. cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol content in order to further The appearance, burn performance and wax consumption of reduce the bubbles during candleburn. The candle composi this candle is excellent, and the wax pool does not turnyellow tion congeals much faster with less blooming, wrinkling and after many cycles of burn. cracking when fatty alcohol is added to the C-3 blend. The burning performance is much better for these compositions EXAMPLE 2 than that of 100% C-3 candle. Ifusing 100% C-3 blend in a 9 oZjar, the wick needs to be CDN20-22 and there are lots of 0033. This example is a candle composition formed from bubbles during the candle burn. However if 20-30% of cetyl/ fatty alcohols and a soy wax. The wax base ingredients are: stearyl alcohol is added, the wick will be CDN8-10 and there 0034 C-3 soy wax: 80% is significantly less, if not Zero, bubbling during burn. 0035 Cetyl alcohol: 10% 0036 Stearyl alcohol: 10% EXAMPLE 4 0037 Sample detail: Fragrance: 5% Crisp Cotton B; 0051. This example is a candle composition formed from Wick: CDN10 with sustainer, Jar candle: 9 oz. fatty alcohol, a plant-based wax and a mono-glyceride. The 0038 Batching process: wax base ingredients are: 0039. Follow the formula weight and place all ingredients 0.052 Palm wax 6910: 70% into the batching tank. Heat and melt the mixture and stir for 0053 Cetyl alcohol: 10% about 10 minutes, trying to keep the wax temperature within 0054 Stearyl alcohol: 10% 70-80° C. Then add the fragrance and stir the liquid wax 0055 Glyceryl monooleate: 10% mixture for another 10 minutes. Maintain the liquid wax 0056 Sample detail: Fragrance: 5% Crisp Cotton; Wick: temperature within 60-85°C., preferably within 70-80° C. CDN14 with sustainer for 9 ozjar candle 0040 Prepare the wickandjar for the candles. Preheat the 0057 Batching Process: jar before pouring the mixture into thejar. Thejar temperature 0058. Follow the formula weight and place all ingredients should reach 45° C., preferably 50° C.+/-5°C. Then pour the into the batching tank. Heat and melt the mixture and stir for requisite amount of liquid wax into the jar. 3-5 minutes after about 10 minutes, while keeping the wax temperature within pouring, apply fan from bottom or sides of the jar to cool 70-80°C. Then put fragrance and stir the liquid wax mixture down the candle. 90-120 minutes after first pouring, heat the for another 10 minutes while maintaining the liquid wax surface of the candle to make it flat, and if desired, apply temperature within 70-80° C. second pour on top. 0059 Prepare the wickandjar for the candles. Preheat the 0041. This candle composition congeals much faster with jar before pouring the requisite amount of mixture into the jar. less blooming, wrinkling and cracking. In particular, it can be The jar temperature should reach 45° C., to preferably 50° hot-packed without further causing bubbling and pitting C.+/-5°C. Then pour the requisite amount of liquid wax into troubles. The appearance, burn performance and wax com the jar. 3-5 minutes after pouring apply fan from bottom or position is good. Anti-oxidants (as an example, 0.05—0.1% sides of the jar to cool down the candle. 90-120 minutes after of Irganox 1076 and/or Irganox PS802 from CIBA) may be first pouring, heat the Surface of the candle to make it flat, and added to prevent the wax pool from becoming oxidized after if desired, apply second pour on top. many burns. 0060 Candle with this formula looks nice with very good adhesion of wax on the wall of the jar even when the candle is EXAMPLE 3 placed in a 10°C. environment for a long period of time. This 0042. This example is also a candle composition formed formula is for the customer which request good adhesion from fatty alcohol and a Soy wax. The wax base ingredients effect. a. 0043 C-3 soy wax: 70% EXAMPLE 5 0044 Cetyl alcohol: 15% 0061 This example is another candle composition formed 0045 Stearyl alcohol: 15% from fatty alcohol, a plant-based wax and a mono-glyceride. 0046 Sample detail: Fragrance: 5% Crisp Cotton; Wick: The wax base ingredients are: CDN8 with sustainer, Jar candle: 9 oz 0062 Palm wax 6910: 55% 0047 Batching Process: 0063 Cetyl alcohol: 15% 0048. Follow the formula weight and place all ingredients 0064. Stearyl alcohol: 15% into the batching tank. Heat and melt the mixture and stir for 0065. Glyceryl monooleate: 15% about 10 minutes, while trying to keep the wax temperature 0.066 Sample detail: Fragrance: 5% Crisp Cotton; Wick: within 70-80°C. Then put fragrance and stir the liquid wax CDN12 with sustainer for 9 ozjar candle mixture for another 10 minutes, while maintaining the liquid 0067 Batching Process: wax temperature within 70-80° C. 0068. Follow the formula weight and place all ingredients 0049 Prepare the wickandjar for the candles. Preheat the into the batching tank. Heat and melt the mixture and stir for jar before pouring the mixture into the jar. Jar temperature about 10 minutes, while keeping the wax temperature within should reach 45° C. (better 50° C.+/-5°C.). Then pour the 70-80° C. Then put the fragrance and stir the liquid wax requisition amount of liquid wax into the jar. 3-5 minutes after mixture for another 10 minutes, while maintaining the liquid pouring apply fan from bottom or sides of the jar to cool down wax temperature within 70-80° C. the candle.90-120 minutes after first pouring, heat the surface 0069 Prepare the wickandjar for the candles. Preheat the of the candle to make it flat, and if desired, apply second pour jar before pouring the mixture in to the jar. Jar temperature on top. should reach 45° C., preferably 50° C.+/-5°C. Then pour the US 2010/0212214 A1 Aug. 26, 2010

requisite amount of liquid wax into the jar. 3-5 minutes after I0087 Candles with this formula have a crystallized effect pouring apply fan from bottom or sides of the jar to cool down and can be hot-packed without bubbling and pitting troubles the candle.90-120 minutes after first pouring, heat the surface thereafter. Both the burn performance and wax consumption of the candle to make it flat, and if desired, apply second pour are very good. on top. 0070 A candle with this composition looks nice and the EXAMPLE 8 wax can be easily pulled off from the glass wall of the jar. This formulation is preferred for candles having a soft and Smooth I0088. This example is a candle composition formed from Surface. fatty alcohol and a plant-based fatty acid, for the moulded pillar and Votive candle. The wax base ingredients are: EXAMPLE 6 I0089 Palm fatty acid 3999: 55% 0071. This example is a candle composition formed from 0090 Cetyl alcohol: 15% fatty alcohol and hydrogenated coconut oil. The wax base (0091 Stearyl alcohol: 30% ingredients are: 0092 Sample detail: Fragrance: 5% Tobacco vanilla: Pil 0072 Hydrogenated coconut oil (92F): 40% lar candle: 3x4 inches, 3x6 inches, 4x6 inches and 6x4 0073 Cetyl alcohol: 18% inches. 0074 Stearyl alcohol: 42% (0093 Batching Process: 0075 Sample detail: Fragrance: 5% Crisp Cotton; Wick: 0094. Follow the formula weight and place all ingredients CDN12 with sustainer; Jar candle: 9 oz. into the batching tank. Heat and melt the mixture and stir for 0076 Batching Process: about 10 minutes, while keeping the wax temperature within 0077. Follow the formula weight and place all ingredients 70-80° C. Then add the fragrance and stir the liquid wax into the batching tank. Heat and melt the mixture and stir for mixture for another 10 minutes, while maintaining the liquid about 10 minutes, while keeping the wax temperature within wax temperature within 70-80° C. 70-75° C. Then add the fragrance and stir the liquid wax (0095 Preheat the moulds, preferably to 50–55°C., before mixture for another 10 minutes, while maintaining the liquid pouring the mixture into the mould. Then pour the requisite wax temperature within 70-75° C. amount of liquid wax into the mould. 3-5 minutes after pour 0078 Prepare the wickandjar for the candles. Preheat the ing apply fan from bottom or sides of the mould to cool down jar before pour the mixture in to the jar. Jar temperature the candle. 90-120 minutes after first pouring, apply second should reach 40°C., preferably between 40-45°C. Then pour pour on top, if desired. A second pour is generally needed for the requisite amount of liquid wax into the jar. 3-5 minutes pillar candles. after pouring apply fan from bottom or sides of the jar to cool down the candle. 40-60 minutes after first pouring, heat the surface of the candle to make it flat, and if desired, apply EXAMPLE 9 second pour on top. 0079 Candle compositions with this formulation have a 0096. This example is a candle composition formed from crystallized effect and can be hot-packed without bubbling fatty alcohol, a plant-based wax and non-hydrogenated veg and pitting troubles thereafter. Both the burn performance and etable oil. The wax base ingredients are: wax consumption are very good. 0097. Palm wax 6910: 40% 0.098 Cetyl alcohol: 15% EXAMPLE 7 0099 Stearyl alcohol: 15% 0080. This example is another candle composition formed 01.00 Corn oil: 30% from fatty alcohol and hydrogenated coconut oil. The wax 0101 Sample detail: Fragrance: 5% Sheer White Cotton; base ingredients are: Wick: CDN14 with sustainer for 9 ozjar single wick candle: I0081 Hydrogenated coconut oil (92F): 40% Wick: CDN3 with sustainer for 10 ozjar 3-wick candle. I0082 Stearyl alcohol: 60% 01.02 Batching Process: I0083 Sample detail: Fragrance: 5% Crisp Cotton; Wick: 0103) Follow the formula weight and place palm wax CDN12 with sustainer; Jar candle: 9 oz. 6910, cetyl alcohol and stearyl alcohol into the batching tank. I0084 Batching Process: Heat and melt the mixture and stirfor about 10 minutes, while 0085. Follow the formula weight and place all the ingre keeping the wax temperature up to 80°C. Then put corn oil dients into the batching tank. Heat and melt the mixture and into batching tank and mix well. Then add the fragrance and stir for about 10 minutes, while keeping the wax temperature stir the liquid wax mixture for another 10 minutes, while within 70-75° C. Then add the fragrance and stir the liquid maintaining the liquid wax temperature within 70-75° C. wax mixture for another 10 minutes, while maintaining the 0104 Prepare the wickandjar for the candles. Preheat the liquid wax temperature within 70-75° C. jar before pouring mixture into the jar. Jar temperature should I0086 Prepare the wickandjar for the candles. Jar preheat reach 45°C., preferably 50° C.+/-5°C. Then pour the requi is not necessary if a white wash look result is desired. Jar site amount of liquid wax into the jar. 3-5 minutes after temperature should be 10-40° C. Then pour the requisite pouring apply fan from bottom or sides of the jar to cool down amount of liquid wax into the jar. 3-5 minutes after pouring, the candle. 60-120 minutes after first pouring, heat the surface apply fan from bottom or sides of the jar to cool down the of the candle to make it flat, and if desired, apply second pour candle. 40-60 minutes after first pouring, heat the surface of on top. the candle to make it flat, and if desired, apply second pour on 0105 Candle with this formula can be hot-packed without top. bubbling and pitting troubles thereafter. The appearance is US 2010/0212214 A1 Aug. 26, 2010

nice and the burn is good. The wax does not turn yellow after down the candle. 60-120 minutes after first pouring, heat the several burn cycles. The wax consumption is good. surface of the candle to make it flat, and if desired, apply second pour on top. EXAMPLE 10 0.125 Candles with this formula can be hot-packed with out bubbling and pitting troubles thereafter. The appearance 0106. This example is a candle composition formed from is nice and the burn is good. The wax does not turn yellow fatty alcohol, a plant-based wax and non-hydrogenated veg after several burn cycles, and the wax consumption is good. etable oil. The wax base ingredients are: 01.07 Palm wax 6910: 40% EXAMPLE 12 0108 Cetyl alcohol: 15% 0.126 This example is a candle composition formed from 0109 Stearyl alcohol: 15% fatty alcohol non-hydrogenated Sunflower oil and a plant 0110. Cold pressed extra virgin olive oil: 30% based wax. The wax base ingredients are: 0111 Sample detail: Fragrance: 5% Sheer White Cotton; O127 Palm wax 6910: 40% Wick: CDN14 with sustainer for 9 ozjar single wick candle: I0128 Stearyl alcohol: 20% Wick: CDN3 with sustainer for 10 ozjar 3-wick candle. I0129 Sunflower oil (mid-oleic): 40% 0112 Batching Process: I0130 Sample detail: Fragrance: 5% Sheer White Cotton; 0113. Follow the formula weight and place palm wax Wick: CDN12 with sustainer for 9 ozjar single wick candle: 6910, cetyl alcohol and stearyl alcohol into the batching tank. Wick: CDN3 with sustainer for 10 ozjar 3-wick candle. Heat and melt the mixture and stirfor about 10 minutes, while I0131 Batching Process: keeping the wax temperature at about 80° C. Then add the I0132 Follow the formula weight and place palm wax 6910 olive oil into the batching tank and mix well. Then add the and stearyl alcohol into the batching tank. Heat and melt the fragrance and stir the liquid wax mixture for another 10 mixture and stir for about 10 minutes, while keeping the wax minutes, while maintaining the liquid wax temperature temperature at about 80°C. Then add the sunflower oil into within 70-75° C. batching tank and mix well. Then add the fragrance and stir 0114 Prepare the wickandjar for the candles. Preheat the the liquid wax mixture for another 10 minutes, while main jar before pouring the mixture into thejar. Thejar temperature taining the liquid wax temperature within 70-75° C. should reach 45° C., preferably 50° C.+/-5°C. Then pour the 0.133 Prepare the wickandjar for the candles. Preheat the requisite amount of liquid wax into the jar. 3-5 minutes after jar before pouring the mixture into the jar. Thejar temperature pouring apply fan from bottom or sides of the jar to cool down should reach 45° C., preferably 50° C.+/-5°C. Then pour the the candle. 60-120 minutes after first pouring, heat the surface requisite amount of liquid wax into the jar. 3-5 minutes after of the candle to make it flat, and if desired, apply second pour pouring apply fan from bottom or sides of the jar to cool down on top. the candle. 60-120 minutes after first pouring, heat the surface 0115 Candle with this formula can be hot-packed without of the candle to make it flat, and if desired, apply second pour bubbling and pitting troubles thereafter. The appearance is on top. nice and the burn is good. The wax does not turn yellow after 0.134 Candles with this formula can be hot-packed with several burn cycles and the wax consumption is good. out bubbling and pitting troubles thereafter. The appearance is nice and the burn is good. The wax does not turn yellow EXAMPLE 11 after several burn cycles, and the wax consumption is good. 0116. This example is a candle composition formed from fatty alcohol, a plant-based wax and non-hydrogenated veg EXAMPLE 13 etable oil. The wax base ingredients are: 0.135 This example is a candle composition formed from 0117 Palm wax 6910: 40% fatty alcohol, partially to hydrogenated soybean oil and a 0118 Cetyl alcohol: 15% plant-based wax. The wax base ingredients are: 0119 Stearyl alcohol: 15% 0.136 Partially hydrogenated soybean oil (as an example, 0120 Grape seed oil: 30% S-560 from Cargill): 60% 0121 Sample detail: Fragrance: 5% Sheer White Cotton; 0.137 Palm wax 6910: 10% Wick: CDN12 with sustainer for 9 ozjar single wick candle: I0138 Stearyl alcohol: 15% Wick: CDN3 with sustainer for 10 ozjar 3-wick candle. 0.139 Cetyl alcohol: 15% 0122 Batching Process: (O140 Sample detail: Fragrance: 5% Sheer White Cotton; 0123. Follow the formula weight and place palm wax Wick: CDN10 with sustainer for 9 ozjar single wick candle. 6910, cetyl alcohol and stearyl alcohol into the batching tank. 0141 Batching Process: Heat and melt the mixture and stirfor about 10 minutes, while 0.142 Follow the formula weight and place all ingredients keeping the wax temperature at about 80° C. Then add the into the batching tank. Heat and melt the mixture and stir for grapeseed oil into the batching tank and mix well. Then add about 10 minutes, while keeping the wax temperature within the fragrance and stir the liquid wax mixture for another 10 70-80° C. Then add the fragrance and stir the liquid wax minutes, while maintaining the liquid wax temperature mixture for another 10 minutes, while maintaining the liquid within 70-75° C. wax temperature within 70-80° C. 0.124 Prepare the wickandjar for the candles. Preheat the 0.143 Prepare the wickandjar for the candles. Preheat the jar before pouring the mixture into the jar. The Jar tempera jar before pouring the mixture into thejar. Thejar temperature ture should reach 45° C., preferably 50° C.+/-5°C. Then pour should reach 45° C., preferably 50° C.+/-5°C. Then pour the the requisite amount of liquid wax into the jar. 3-5 minutes requisite amount of liquid wax into the jar. 3-5 minutes after after pouring apply fan from bottom or sides of the jar to cool pouring apply fan from bottom or sides of the jar to cool down US 2010/0212214 A1 Aug. 26, 2010

the candle. 60-120 minutes after first pouring, heat the surface pouring apply fan from bottom or sides of the jar to cool down of the candle to make it flat, and if desired, apply second pour the candle.90-120 minutes after first pouring, heat the surface on top. of the candle and apply second pour on top. 0144 Candles with this formula have the same texture of 0164. In addition, when candle composition contains non Vaseline/Petrolatum jelly wax. The look of the candle com hydrogenated Soybean oil, a certain amount (for example, position is greasy and semi-transparent. The burnis good, and 0.1%-0.2% by weight of Irganox 1076 and/or Irganox PS802 the wax does not turn yellowish after several burn cycles. from CIBA) of antioxidant should be added to prevent wax from being oxidized and turning yellowish-brown during EXAMPLE 1.4 burn. 0145 This example is another candle composition formed 0.165 Candles with this formula can be hot-packed with from fatty alcohol, partially hydrogenated Soybean oil and a out bubbling and pitting troubles thereafter. The appearance plant-based wax. The ingredients are: is nice, and the burn and wax consumption are good. 0146 Partially hydrogenated soybean oil (as an example, S-560 from Cargill): 55% EXAMPLE 16 0147 Palm wax 6910: 15% 0166 This example is a candle composition formed from 0148 Stearyl alcohol: 15% fatty alcohol, a plant-based wax and lauric acid. The wax base 0149 Cetyl alcohol: 15% ingredients are: 0150. Sample detail: Fragrance: 5% Sheer White Cotton; (0167 Palm wax 6910: 60% Wick: CDN8 with sustainer for 9 ozjar single wick candle. 0151. Batching Process: (0168 Cetyl alcohol: 15% 0152 Follow the formula weight and place all ingredients (0169 Stearyl alcohol: 15% into the batching tank. Heat and melt the mixture and stir for (0170 Lauric acid: 10% about 10 minutes, keeping the wax temperature within 70-80° (0171 Sample detail: Fragrance: 5% Crisp Cotton; Wick: C. Then add the fragrance and stir the liquid wax mixture for CDN12 with sustainer for 9 ozjar candle (and the same size another 10 minutes, maintaining the liquid wax temperature of pillar). within 70-80° C. (0172 Batching Process: 0153. Prepare the wickandjar for the candles. Preheat the 0173 Follow the formula weight and place all ingredients jar before pouring the mixture into thejar. Thejar temperature into the batching tank. Heat and melt the mixture and stir for should reach 45° C., preferably 50° C.+/-5°C. Then pour the about 10 minutes, while keeping the wax temperature within requisite amount of liquid wax into the jar. 3-5 minutes after 70-80° C. Then put the fragrance and stir the liquid wax pouring apply fan from bottom or sides of the jar to cool down mixture for another 10 minutes, while maintaining the liquid the candle. 60-120 minutes after first pouring, heat the surface wax temperature within 60-75° C. of the candle to make it flat, and if desired, apply second pour 0.174 Prepare the wickandjar for the candles. Preheat the on top. jar before pouring the mixture in to the jar. Jar temperature 0154 Candle with this formula has the same texture of should reach 45° C., preferably 50° C.+/-5°C. Then pour the Vaseline/Petrolatum jelly wax. The look of the candle com requisite amount of liquid wax into the jar. 3-5 minutes after position is greasy and semi-transparent. The burnis good, and pouring apply fan from bottom or sides of the jar to cool down the wax does not turn yellowish after several burn cycles. the candle.90-120 minutes after first pouring, heat the surface of the candle to make it flat, and if desired, apply second pour EXAMPLE 1.5 on top. 0.175. A candle wax with this composition is hard and the 0155 This example is a candle composition formed from wax can be easily pulled off from the glass wall of the con fatty alcohol, non-hydrogenated Soybean oil and a plant tainer. But candle wax is strong enough to avoid cracking based wax. The wax base ingredients are: during production processing. This formulation is also pre 0156 Palm wax 6910: 40% ferred for re-fill candle set (candle set contains one container O157 Stearyl alcohol: 15% candle and several separated re-fill pillars in order to reduce 0158 Cetyl alcohol: 15% the consumption of container). 0159 RBD (refined, bleached and deodorized) soybean 0176 The candle composition of the preferred embodi Oil: 30% ments has the following advantages: 1) wax base is 100% (0160 Sample detail: Fragrance: 5% Sheer White Cotton; renewable and 100% biodegradeable; 2) low energy con Wick: CDN12 with sustainer for 9 ozjar single wick candle. Sumption and more eco-friendly process (with faster produc 0161 Batching Process: tion speed, low scrap rate and less re-work); 3) candle with 0162 Follow the formula weight, and place palm wax this kind of wax can be hot packed with less appearance 6910, cetyl alcohol and stearyl alcohol into the batching tank. defects of bubbling, pitting, frosting and cracking; 4) high Heat and melt the mixture and stirfor about 10 minutes, while fragrance loading capacity (up to 50%); 5) burn performance keeping the wax temperature up to 80°C. Then pour RBD is very good—Smaller wick with less soot—thus also more Soybean oil into the batching tank and mix the liquid well. environmental friendly; 6) good wax consumption rate; 7) Then add the fragrance and stir the liquid wax mixture for less chance to turn yellowish brown while candle burned; 8) another 10 minutes, while maintaining the liquid wax tem nice delicate appearance that can be presented as high-end perature within 65-70° C. candle products; 9) raw materials are Sustainable and easy to 0163 Prepare the wickandjar for the candles. Preheat the obtain (and there is no reliance on the petroleum market); and jar before pouring the mixture into thejar. Thejar temperature 10) quality control of both ingredients and candle are easily should reach 45° C., preferably 50° C.+/-5°C. Then pour the conducted when compared with paraffin based wax (as requisite amount of liquid wax into the jar. 3-5 minutes after example, Gas Chromatography for fatty alcohol analysis; US 2010/0212214 A1 Aug. 26, 2010

Saponification Value and Iodine Value for other vegetable 10. The candle composition of claim 8, wherein 60% to ingredients analysis), thus guarantee both quality and safety 100% by mass of the composition is fatty alcohol and the of the candle composition. remainder is non-hydrogenated vegetable lipid. 0177 Various embodiments of the present invention hav 11. The candle composition of claim 10, wherein the non ing been thus described in details of example, it will be hydrogenated vegetable lipid is selected from the group con apparent to those skilled in the art that variations and modi sisting of soybean oil, Sunflower oil, safflower oil, grape seed fications may be made without departing from the invention. oil, corn oil, palm oil, olive oil, cotton seed oil, canola oil, The invention includes all such variations and modifications coconut oil, jojoba oil and combinations thereof. as fall within the scope of the appended claims. 12. The candle composition of claim 8, wherein the veg What is claimed is: etable-based wax is in solid or semi-solid form at ambient 1. A candle composition comprising fatty alcohol. temperature. 2. A candle composition comprising fatty alcohol and Veg 13. The candle composition of claim 12, wherein the ambi etable-based wax. ent temperature is from about 18 to about 28°C. 3. A candle composition of claim 2, wherein the fatty 14. The candle composition of claim 6, wherein the fatty alcohol comprises 0.5% to 99.5% by mass. acid is selected from the group consisting of lauric acid, 4. The candle composition of claim 2, wherein the fatty myristic acid, palmitic acid, Stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic alcohol is selected from the group consisting of cetyl alcohol, acid, and any combinations thereof. Stearyl alcohol and any combination thereof. 15. The candle composition of claim 2, further comprising 5. The candle composition of claim 2, wherein the fatty a fragrance. alcohol is selected from arachidyl alcohol, benhenyl alcohol, 16. The candle composition of claim 2, the composition lignoceryl alcohol and any combination thereof. further comprising colorants, antioxidants and/or UV inhibi 6. The candle composition of claim 2, wherein the Veg tOrS. etable-based wax is selected from the group consisting of 17. The candle composition of claim 2, wherein the com triglycerides, mono-glycerides, di-glycerides, fatty acids, position comprises at least one wick. and combinations thereof. 18. The candle composition of claim 17, wherein the com 7. The candle composition of claim 6, wherein the triglyc position is within a container. eride is solid form triglyceride and/or semi-solid form trig 19. The candle composition of claim 17, wherein the com lyceride. position is in the shape of a free-standing pillar. 8. The candle composition of claim 2, wherein the veg 20. A process for making a candle composition comprising etable-based wax comprises non-hydrogenated vegetable mixing together a fatty alcohol and a vegetable-based wax, lipid. heating the mixture to a temperature of 70-80°C., pour 9. The candle composition of claim8, wherein 55% to 99% ing into a container or mould, and cooling said mixture. by mass of the composition is fatty alcohol and the remainder is non-hydrogenated vegetable lipid. c c c c c