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(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2010/0212214 A1 WU Et Al

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(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2010/0212214 A1 WU Et Al US 2010O212214A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2010/0212214 A1 WU et al. (43) Pub. Date: Aug. 26, 2010 (54) CANDLE COMPOSITION (30) Foreign Application Priority Data (75) Inventors: Boneng WU, Toronto (CA); Dennis Feb. 25, 2009 (CA) ...................................... 2655367 Kwok Wai YUNG, Mississauga Publication Classification (CA) (51) Int. Cl. CIIC5/00 (2006.01) Correspondence Address: B29C 39/00 (2006.01) YER iwiREET (52) U.S. Cl. ........................................... 44/275; 264/299 MEDINA, OH 44256 (US) (57) ABSTRACT A candle composition having fatty alcohol and vegetable (73) Assignee: PREMIER CANDLE CORP, based wax. A candle composition having fatty alcohol and Mississauga (CA) vegetable-based wax, and wherein the fatty alcohol com prises 0.5% to 99.5% by mass. A process for making a candle composition is also provided, the process comprising mixing (21) Appl. No.: 12/711,350 together a fatty alcohol and a vegetable-based wax, heating the mixture to a temperature of 70-80° C., pouring into a (22) Filed: Feb. 24, 2010 container or mould, and cooling the mixture. US 2010/0212214 A1 Aug. 26, 2010 CANDLE COMPOSITION stearic acid (from soy oil or animal fat). Cetyl alcohol (49°C. melting point, 180° C. boiling point, and 160° C. open cup FIELD OF THE INVENTION flash point) and stearyl alcohol (61° C. melting point, 210°C. 0001. This invention relates to candle compositions. In boiling point and 200° C. open cup flash point) are preferred particular, this invention relates to candle compositions com fatty alcohols for the purposes of the present embodiments. prising fatty alcohol and a process for making a candle com However, any of the following fatty alcohols and mixtures of positions comprising fatty alcohol. the following fatty alcohols may also be used: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 0002 Candles have been used for centuries as a source of Common Molecular light and for their aesthetic appeal. Paraffin wax has been l8le UPAC name formula traditionally used in making candles, which conventionally Capryl -octanol C-8 fatty CH(CH),OH comprises 80 to 100% paraffin wax. Paraffin wax is also a 8COO 8COO Capric -decanol C-10 fatty CH(CH2)3OH petroleum by-product and is known to produce toxins, black 8COO 8COO Soot and carcinogens. While beeswax may also be used as Lauryl -dodecanol C-12 fatty CH(CH), OH candle wax, some users may not find beeswax desirable due to 8COO 8COO its poor burn performance. Moreover, although beeswax is Myristic -tetradecanol C-14 fatty CH(CH2)3OH 8COO 8COO considered a renewable wax, it is very expensive and there Cetyl -hexadecanol C-16 fatty CH(CH2)5OH fore not profitable for large-scale candle applications. It 8COO 8COO would therefore be advantageous to eliminate or reduce the Stearyl -octadecanol C-18 fatty CH(CH2),OH paraffin wax and beeswax used in candles in favour of alter 8COO 8COO Arachidyl -eicosanol C-20 fatty CH3(CH2)9COH native Substances, such vegetable derived materials and 8COO 8COO ingredients. Behenyl -docosanol C-22 fatty CH(CH2)2OH 0003. There is currently a need for a renewable candle wax 8COO 8COO composition that is natural and environmental-friendly. In Lignoceryl -tetracosanol C-24 fatty CH3(CH2)2OH 8COO 8COO particular, it would be advantageous to have a candle wax Ceryl -hexacosanol C-26 fatty CH3(CH2)5OH composition that uses renewable ingredients and therefore is 8COO 8COO also biodegradable. Montanyl -octacosanol C-28 fatty CH(CH2)2,OH 0004 Some manufacturers in the candle industry have 8COO 8COO Myricyl -triacontanol C-30 fatty CH3(CH2)2OH started using triglycerides and fatty acids as the main ingre 8COO 8COO dients of wax for candle production. However there are sev Geddy -tetratriacontanol C-34 fatty CH3(CH2)3OH eral disadvantages of Such renewable candle compositions, 8COO 8COO Such as: undesirable blooming/frosting due to crystallization of triglycerides and fatty acids during the phase changing from liquid to solid; pits, bubbles and/or holes in the candle 0010. Different kinds of fatty alcohols may be mixed to composition; and poor burn performance and low wax con obtain an amorphous, semi-transparent candle composition Sumption. with a strong structure. A single fatty alcohol tends to crys 0005. It is therefore advantageous to have an improved tallize more than a mixture of two or more fatty alcohols, and candle composition that is more environmental-friendly than therefore mixtures of fatty alcohols are preferred to form an previous compositions, and overcomes disadvantages associ amorphous Substance with a stronger structure. ated with previous compositions. 0011 Candle compositions comprised of triglycerides and fatty acid (and without fatty alcohol) tend to crystallize very easily. This crystallization is primarily due to the simi DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED larity of molecule structure and polarity of the triglyceride EMBODIMENTS and fatty acid. Crystallization causes pits, bubbles and/or 0006. In the embodiments described below, there is pro holes in the candle composition during production processing vided a renewable candle composition that may be considered and results in a significantly longer and slower cooling pro eco-friendly. cess (to avoid blooming and cracking) in production. This 0007 According to one embodiment, there is a provided a results in the following problems during the production pro candle composition comprising fatty alcohol. According to cess: high labour cost and high energy consumption due to the another embodiment, there is provided a candle composition longer and slower production; loss of fragrance during the comprising fatty alcohol and vegetable-based wax. long, slow and hot production process; a high scrap rate; a low 0008 Fatty alcohols are natural ingredients from plant production rate; and changes in colour and/or oxidation of the based or animal-based materials and thus are used as an wax due to the high temperatures during the longer produc ingredient for all-natural, renewable wax candles. tion process. In addition, the crystallization of the fatty acid 0009 Examples of fatty alcohol include plant-based fatty and triglycerides during the congealing step in the production alcohol. Such as jojoba alcohol, which is a mixture of free process causes tension build-up within the candle. As a result, fatty alcohols of between 16 and 24 carbon atoms (derived the candle becomes brittle and unstable when exposed to low from jojoba oil), and animal-based fatty alcohol. Fatty alco temperature. hols can also be made from fatty acid by the process of 0012. The crystallization that occurs in the triglyceride catalytic hydrogenation to meet the need for large-scale and fatty acid candle also causes significant bubbling when industrial applications. Cetyl alcohol (palmitic alcohol) and the candle is burned. The bubbling causes lots of cheese-like stearyl alcohol are the most widely-used fatty alcohols due to holes on the candle surface and thereby results in a candle the industrial abundance of palmitic acid (from palm oil) and having an unfavourable appearance. In addition, the triglyc US 2010/0212214 A1 Aug. 26, 2010 eride and fatty acid renewable candles usually have a poor acids, non-hydrogenated lipids and any mixtures thereof. The burn performance and low wax consumption rate due to the triglycerides can be solid form triglycerides and/or semi-solid higher boiling point and flash point of the triglyceride and form triglycerides. fatty acid. Vegetable waxes blended with paraffin can improve 0019. Examples of suitable triglycerides include, without the overall burn quality since paraffin contains alkane por limitation, fully hydrogenated vegetable oil, partially hydro tions of low flash point (about 100° C. lower than the flash genated vegetable oil, non-hydrogenated vegetable oil, and point of triglyceride-based fuel), however the introduction of animal fat/lipid. Examples of mono-triglycerides include, paraffin is contrary to the concept of a renewable, all-natural without limitation, glyceryl moonoleate, glyceryl monolau candle. Alternatively, triglycerides-based fuel can be chemi rate, and glyceryl monostearate. Examples of di-glycerdies cally modified to improve burn performance by the process of include, without limitation, glyceryl dioleate, glyceryl dilau transesterification, which results in a biodiesel product. How rate and glyceryl distearate. ever chemical modification consumes energy and produces 0020. The fatty acids can be lauric acid, myristic acid, wastes and thus is also contrary to the concept of a renewable, palmitic acid, Stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid or any eco-friendly product. mixtures thereof. A person skilled in the art would understand 0013 Fatty alcohols are amphiphatic in nature (i.e. pos the types of vegetable-based waxes and fatty acids that could sess hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties) and thus func be used in the present embodiments. tion as non-ionic Surfactants and thereby are Suitable emulsi 0021. According to another embodiment, a candle com fiers in lipid-based environments, such as a vegetable wax. position is provided having 55-100% by mass fatty alcohol 0014 Fatty alcohol inhibits the crystallization of triglyc and the remainder non-hydrogenated vegetable lipid. For the eride and fatty acid in a candle composition and thereby purposes of the present embodiments, acceptable non-hydro prevents the sharp phase change (ie. from liquid to solid) genated vegetable lipids may include, without limitation, during the congealing process of the wax composition and Soybean oil, Sunflower oil, safflower oil, grape seed oil, corn therefore results in a lower likelihood of crystallization, a oil, palm oil, olive oil, cotton seed oil, canola oil, coconut oil, lower likelihood oftension build-up within the wax and there jojoba oil, and any mixture thereof. fore less cracking. As a result, there is less blooming and 0022. According to a further embodiment, there is pro frosting during the candle manufacturing process, and less vided a process for making a candle composition.
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