Conflicting Views Regarding the Hadiths

International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-8 Issue-12, October 2019 Conflicting Views Regarding the Hadiths N.R.Karimov, A.X.Doniyorov hadiths are fake and they have no historical importance. Abstract: This article summarizes the studies published in the However, their claims of no historical significance are field of hadith and hadith studies, and gives a brief overview and completely groundless today. in this article, the founders of analyzes the hadith approaches. The paper analyzes evolutionary various theories and approaches to hadiths and most scientific changes of contradictory views on the development of hadith papers on the subject have systematically investigated. science in the West, a collection of six reliable sahih hadiths and foreign scholars attitude towards them, as well as the historical The structure of this work consists of parts such as the significance of hadiths and their importance in the Islamic world. notion of hadith and the history of its formation, the It is known that some hadiths were fabricated for various conflicting approaches of different scholars to the hadith purposes. We are far from thinking that all hadiths are authentic issue, the skeptical view of hadiths, modern approaches and and correct. However, because of some "fake" hadiths, we oppose conclusions. the rejection of Islamic sources after Qur'an. Therefore, the essence and contents of many works published in the West must be II. RESULT AND DISCUSSION reanalyzed today. As a practical implementation of the above-mentioned issues, most of the foreign researches on hadith have been studied with using comparative-historical, logical, and A. The Concept of the Hadith and the History of its descriptive methods in this article. Formation As a novelty of this work, it is possible to present the analysis of Ḥadith in Islam refers to the record of the words, actions, new books, articles published abroad. and the silent approval of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. The results show that many western scholars changed their Hadith have been called "the backbone" of Islamic negative views about hadiths to positive side and they are also researching the historical significance of hadiths. In fact, they are civilization, and within that religion the authority of hadith as studying “al-Kutub al-Sitta” as the main source after Qur'an. a source for religious law and moral guidance ranks second According to our conclusions, many studies on the hadiths in only to that of the Qur'an (which Muslims hold to be the word the West have been conducted, but there is no mutual comparative of Allah revealed to his messenger Muhammad). analysis on this field. The role and significance of Central Asian The hadith narrators are described as follows: "What is scientists have not been studied adequately in the formation of inherited from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be positive opinions on hadith in the West. upon him) is a hadith or a Sunnah related to speech, work, editorial, behavior, and biography” [35]. This definition Key words: hadith, fake hadith, Qur'an, Prophet, West includes several things inherited from Muhammad (peace be upon him) and narrated through trustworthy sources, which I. INTRODUCTION we refer to as “hadiths”. It is known that the science of hadith came after the death of The place and substance of the hadiths are invaluable in the Prophet. After all, in the life of the Prophet, his words and Islamic world. Because the hadiths play an important role in actions were limited to hearing and contemplating at first, but understanding Islam and Islamic law. they are studied and later narrating them. The Companions who listened to the appreciated in Islam as the main source after the Holy Quran. Prophet's hadeeth also heard many and others less because of At the same time, these religious manuals are the traditional different circumstances. This led to an increase in the need for educational manual of Muslim nations that teach human narration and narration. Since the Companions heard the qualities, the right and proper behavior in the family and in the hadith directly from the Prophet, the hadiths do not contain world. any cases of appetite, lies or forgetfulness. M.Azami wrote [1] Therefore, this article aims to summarize research that if there was any ambiguity in the memory of the published in the field of hadith and hadithology and provide a Companions, it was the custom to ask and approve it from the brief overview and analysis of today's approaches to hadiths. other Companions. While studying Western researches on the hadiths, it has The stages of Hadith science development can be been observed that the initial negative attitudes towards summarized as follows: hadiths changed positive side because of the persistent efforts In the first period, during the time of the Prophet, the of Muslim scholars and new evidence. In other words, in the Companions heard the hadith from the Prophet. They then late nineteenth and early 1990s, researchers claimed that conveyed these hadiths to others. For this reason, at this early stage, the science of hadith had the same characteristics as narration, memorization and transmission. Revised Manuscript Received on October, 2019. * Correspondence Author In the second period, after the death of the Prophet, the Karimov Nodir Rakhmonqulovich, PhD student, The Department of Companions were scattered in various new states of Islam. the History and Source Studies of Central Asian People, Tashkent State Over time, the need for understanding the meaning of the Institute of Oriental Studies, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Email: Islamic rules and the meanings of the Qur'an increased. Since [email protected] Doniyorov Alisher Khudoyberdiyevich, Professor, Doctor of the hadiths were a source that Historical Sciences, The Department of the History and Source Studies of facilitates understanding of Central Asian People, Tashkent State Institute of Oriental Studies, Tashkent, Islamic sciences, there was a Uzbekistan. Email: [email protected] Retrieval Number: L32861081219/2019©BEIESP Published By: DOI: 10.35940/ijitee.L3286.1081219 Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering 2090 & Sciences Publication Conflicting Views Regarding the Hadiths need for them to be explained. Trips to other cities and certain Companion were written in one place and then countries were made for this purpose. The Companions paid narrated by another. For example, Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal close attention to the hadiths narrated. The Prophet (peace [26] in his work "al-Musnad" first narrated the stories of the and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: "If anyone four caliphs, and then cited the stories of other companions. intentionally refers to me in what I have not said, he will And in the Mu‟jams, the muhaddithin (hadith scholars) surely go to hell" [34]. presents their teachers' hadiths in alphabetical order. In short, Special research areas were established to verify the the science of hadith, which dates back to the time of the accuracy of the hadiths. For example, it is the science of the Prophet, became more systematic in the ninth century AD. narration of “Ilm ad-diraya” that examines the authenticity of B. Two Approaches the narrators, whether they saw or heard the Prophet. The text of hadith has been critically studied in the science of “Naqd It is well known that in Islam, the Qur'an, the Sunnah of the al-matn”. That is, the text of the hadith is based on sufficient Prophet, and the hadiths are regarded as the most reliable evidence and facts based on the verses of the Qur'an or hadiths sources. However, from the 19th century onward, debate has on the subject, and it was given a level of "authentic" or begun on the authenticity, historicity and provenance of "unacceptable" [34]. hadiths. For example, most westerners [27], [20], [10], and Various groups in society fabricated hadiths for their own some Muslims [33] believe that most hadiths which were benefit. That is, at that time political differences, sectarian written in III / IX centuries were subsequently falsified for tensions, and ignorant attempts to serve the religion of various reasons. In particular, Western scholars Goldziher ignorant people were ignited. there were fake narrations and [15] and Joseph Schacht [29] put forward a suspicious view preoccupations for the sake of fiction and sermon or for the on the science of hadith and hadith. According to their views, sake of favoring rulers. For example, there are reports that the although many of the hadiths are believed to reach the first fabrication and false hadiths in the 7th century were Prophet, they are in fact created in later centuries. In the first spread by different groups in Medina for political purposes. In centuries of Islam, there was no need to write, memorize, and the VII-VIII centuries murjites, qadaries, rafizites and other preserve hadiths. The Prophet (peace be upon him) and his similar movements spread heresy in hadith science. In order Companions knew the Qur'an as unique. As evidence, to prevent this from happening, sanads for hadith were Goldziher and Schacht have stated that there were no hadiths needed. They even had to go to other countries to judge a written until 722 [18] and concluded that many hadiths were single hadith. fabricated for political reasons [9]. From the second century of the Hijra, the period of the However, there are also many scholars who completely Companions ended, and the study of hadiths in terms of both ignore this issue [1], [30]. For example, Muslim scholars such text1 and sanad2 began. as F. Sezgin, Abu Shuhbah, and Al-Marsafi blamed Western Scholars started studying the history of Hadith narrators researchers for prejudice and concluded that they did not and their full biographies, and created special works in this thoroughly study the subject.

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