Speaker Biographies II. International Tax Aspects of the U.S. Tax Reform

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Speaker Biographies II. International Tax Aspects of the U.S. Tax Reform Speaker Biographies II. International Tax Aspects of the U.S. Tax Reform Grace Perez-Navarro is the Deputy Director of the OECD’s Centre for Tax Policy and Administration. As such, she plays a key role in the work on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS), improving international tax cooperation, promoting better tax policies and engaging developing countries in OECD tax work. Since joining the OECD in 1997, she has held several key positions, including having led the OECD’s work on bank secrecy, tax and e-commerce, harmful tax practices, money laundering and tax crimes, the tax aspects of countering bribery of foreign officials, and strengthening all forms of administrative cooperation between tax authorities. Prior to joining the OECD, Ms. Perez-Navarro was a Special Counsel at the IRS Office of the Associate Chief Counsel (International) where she was responsible for coordinating guidance provided to field offices on international tax issues, overseeing litigation of international tax issues, negotiating TIEAs, overseeing the drafting of regulations, rulings and other policy advice and participating in treaty negotiations. In 1993, she was seconded by the IRS to the OECD to launch the revision of the OECD’s Transfer Pricing Guidelines. Chip Harter is the Deputy Assistant Secretary for International Tax Affairs in the Office of Tax Policy at the U.S. Department of the Treasury. In this capacity, he is responsible, on behalf of the Assistant Secretary, for the conduct of legal and economic aspects of tax policy relative to the representation of the United States in bilateral and multilateral relations with other countries, as well as advising the legal and economic staffs within the Office of Tax Policy, other offices of the Treasury Department and other government agencies as to policy analysis and interpretation for domestic legislation and administrative guidance in all matters involving cross border taxation. Mr. Harter serves as the U.S. delegate to the Committee on Fiscal Affairs (CFA) in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (the OECD). Prior to joining Treasury, Mr. Harter was a principal in the Washington National Tax Practice of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. During his 18 years with PwC, he engaged in a broad international tax practice advising numerous clients on a range of issues, including structuring both inbound and outbound ventures, the establishment of efficient international structures, the formation of joint ventures and private equity funds and international mergers and acquisitions. He served as a national technical resource of PwC on tax issues relating to international financial transactions. During the 18 years prior to his joining PwC, Mr. Harter was first an associate and then a partner with the law firm of Baker & McKenzie, practicing first in its Chicago and then in its Washington D.C. office. His practice with Baker & McKenzie included both tax litigation and a broad international transactional practice. He is a member of the American Bar Association Tax Section, the District of Columbia Bar Association Tax Section, and the International Fiscal Association. Mr. Harter has published numerous articles on international tax topics and has regularly spoken on panels on international tax issues at leading tax conferences. He graduated from Harvard College in 1977 and the University of Chicago Law School in 1980, where he was comments and articles editor on the managing board of The University of Chicago Law Review. After graduating, he clerked for the Honorable Thomas McMillen of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois. Michael J. Graetz is the Columbia Alumni Professor of Tax Law at Columbia Law School. Before coming to Columbia in 2009, he was the Justus S. Hotchkiss Professor of Law at Yale University, where he had taught since 1983. His most recent books are The Burger Court and the Rise of the Judicial Right (Simon & Schuster 2016) and Follow the Money: Essays on International Taxation (2016). Previous books include The End of Energy: The Unmaking of America’s Environment, Security and Independence (MIT Press 2011); 100 Million Unnecessary Returns: A Simple, Fair, and Competitive Tax Plan for the United States (Yale University Press 2008); Death by a Thousand Cuts: The Fight over Taxing Inherited Wealth (Princeton University Press 2005); True Security: Rethinking Social Insurance (Yale University Press 1999); The U.S. Income Tax: What It Is, How It Got That Way and Where We go From Here (W.W. Norton & Co, 1999) (a paperback edition of the book originally published as The Decline (and Fall?) of the Income Tax); and Foundations of International Income Taxation (Foundation Press 2003). He is also the co-author of a leading law school coursebook, Federal Income Taxation: Principles and Policies, and has published more than 80 articles on a wide range of federal tax, international tax, health policy, and social insurance issues. During January-June 1992, Graetz served as Assistant to the Secretary and Special Counsel at the Treasury Department. In 1990 and 1991, he served as Treasury Deputy Assistant Secretary for Tax Policy. In 2013, Graetz was awarded the Daniel M. Holland Medal by the National Tax Association for outstanding contributions to the study and practice of public finance. He has been a John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Fellow, and he received an award from Esquire Magazine for courses and work in connection with provision of shelter for the homeless. He served on the Commissioner’s Advisory Group of the Internal Revenue Service. During 1969-1972, he served in the Treasury Department in the Office of Tax Legislative Counsel. He is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Graetz is a graduate of Emory University (B.B.A. 1966) and the University of Virginia Law School (J.D. 1969). A native of Atlanta, Georgia, he is married to Brett Dignam and has five children. Pam Olson is U.S. Deputy Tax Leader and Washington National Tax Services Leader of PwC. In her WNTS role, Pam leads a team that includes many former senior government officials and policy advisers. Prior to joining PwC, Pam led the Washington tax practice at Skadden, Arps, and served as assistant secretary for tax policy at the U.S. Department of the Treasury. Pam has represented clients in a broad range of matters, including IRS audits, appeals and litigation; congressional investigations; private letter ruling requests, proposed regulations, and other IRS and Treasury guidance; and in the legislative process. She has advised clients on tax and social security reform and on the structuring of financing, partnership, and M&A transactions. She is a frequent speaker on tax, economic and federal budget matters and has testified before several congressional committees, most recently before the Senate Finance Committee on U.S. tax reform. Pam also held positions with the chief counsel’s office of the Internal Revenue Service as special assistant to the chief counsel, attorney-adviser in the Legislation and Regulations Division and trial attorney in San Diego District Counsel. In 2000 and 2001, Pam was the first woman to serve as chair of the American Bar Association Section of Taxation. Pam received her B.A., M.B.A., and J.D. from the University of Minnesota. Louise Weingrod is Vice President, Global Taxation at Johnson & Johnson. Together with a team of highly talented professionals, Louise is responsible for all aspects of taxation for Johnson & Johnson’s pharmaceutical, medical device and consumer businesses around the world, including tax policy, L&A, supply chain, pricing, controversy, tax technology, compliance and reporting, compensation and benefits taxation and charitable giving. Louise joined Johnson & Johnson in 1999 as a Senior Tax Attorney. Prior to Johnson & Johnson, Louise was a member of the Tax Group at Cleary, Gottlieb, Steen & Hamilton and a Tax Associate at Lowenstein, Sandler, Kohl, Fisher & Boylan. Louise holds a J.D. from Columbia University Law School, an M.A. and a Ph.D. in English and American Literature from Brandeis University. Prior to attending law school--many decades ago--Louise taught English and American Literature and Women’s Studies. .
Recommended publications
  • The Death of the Income Tax (Or, the Rise of America's Universal Wage
    Indiana Law Journal Volume 95 Issue 4 Article 5 Fall 2000 The Death of the Income Tax (or, The Rise of America’s Universal Wage Tax) Edward J. McCaffery University of Southern California;California Institute of Tecnology, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ilj Part of the Estates and Trusts Commons, Law and Economics Commons, Taxation-Federal Commons, Taxation-Federal Estate and Gift Commons, Taxation-State and Local Commons, and the Tax Law Commons Recommended Citation McCaffery, Edward J. (2000) "The Death of the Income Tax (or, The Rise of America’s Universal Wage Tax)," Indiana Law Journal: Vol. 95 : Iss. 4 , Article 5. Available at: https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ilj/vol95/iss4/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law School Journals at Digital Repository @ Maurer Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Indiana Law Journal by an authorized editor of Digital Repository @ Maurer Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Death of the Income Tax (or, The Rise of America’s Universal Wage Tax) EDWARD J. MCCAFFERY* I. LOOMINGS When Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, just weeks into her tenure as America’s youngest member of Congress, floated the idea of a sixty or seventy percent top marginal tax rate on incomes over ten million dollars, she was met with a predictable mixture of shock, scorn, and support.1 Yet there was nothing new in the idea. AOC, as Representative Ocasio-Cortez is popularly known, was making a suggestion with sound historical precedent: the top marginal income tax rate in America had exceeded ninety percent during World War II, and stayed at least as high as seventy percent until Ronald Reagan took office in 1981.2 And there is an even deeper sense in which AOC’s proposal was not as radical as it may have seemed at first.
    [Show full text]
  • An Analysis of a Consumption Tax for California
    An Analysis of a Consumption Tax for California 1 Fred E. Foldvary, Colleen E. Haight, and Annette Nellen The authors conducted this study at the request of the California Senate Office of Research (SOR). This report presents the authors’ opinions and findings, which are not necessarily endorsed by the SOR. 1 Dr. Fred E. Foldvary, Lecturer, Economics Department, San Jose State University, [email protected]; Dr. Colleen E. Haight, Associate Professor and Chair, Economics Department, San Jose State University, [email protected]; Dr. Annette Nellen, Professor, Lucas College of Business, San Jose State University, [email protected]. The authors wish to thank the Center for California Studies at California State University, Sacramento for their [email protected]; Dr. Colleen E. Haight, Associate Professor and Chair, Economics Department, San Jose State University, [email protected]; Dr. Annette Nellen, Professor, Lucas College of Business, San Jose State University, [email protected]. The authors wish to thank the Center for California Studies at California State University, Sacramento for their funding. Executive Summary This study attempts to answer the question: should California broaden its use of a consumption tax, and if so, how? In considering this question, we must also consider the ultimate purpose of a system of taxation: namely to raise sufficient revenues to support the spending goals of the state in the most efficient manner. Recent tax reform proposals in California have included a business net receipts tax (BNRT), as well as a more comprehensive sales tax. However, though the timing is right, given the increasingly global and digital nature of California’s economy, the recent 2008 recession tabled the discussion in favor of more urgent matters.
    [Show full text]
  • The OECD's "Action Plan"
    Working Paper Series WP 15-14 SEPTEMBER 2015 The OECD’s “Action Plan” to Raise Taxes on Multinational Corporations Gary Hufbauer, Euijin Jung, Tyler Moran, and Martin Vieiro Abstract Th e Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has embarked on an ambitious multipart project, titled Base Erosion and Profi t Shifting (BEPS), with 15 “Actions” to prevent multinational corporations (MNCs) from escaping their “fair share” of the tax burden. Although the tax returns of these MNCs comply with the laws of every country where they do business, the proposition that MNCs need to pay more tax enjoys considerable political resonance as government budgets are strained, the world economy is struggling, income inequality is rising, and the news media have publicized instances of corporations legally lowering their global tax burdens by reporting income in low-tax juris- dictions and expenses in high-tax jurisdictions. To achieve the goal of increasing taxes on MNCs, the OECD—spurred by G-20 fi nance ministers—recommends changes in national legislation, revision of existing bilateral tax treaties, and a new multilateral agreement for participating countries. Th is working paper provides a critical evaluation, from the standpoint of US economic interests, of each of the OECD plan’s 15 Actions. Given that the US system taxes MNCs more heavily than other advanced countries and provides fewer tax-incentives for research and development (R&D), implementation of the BEPS Actions would drive many MNCs to “invert” (i.e., relocate their headquarters to tax-friendly countries) and others to off shore signifi cant amounts of R&D activity.
    [Show full text]
  • The Future of American Tax Administration: Conceptual Alternatives and Political Realities
    Florida State University College of Law Scholarship Repository Scholarly Publications 2016 The Future of American Tax Administration: Conceptual Alternatives and Political Realities Steve R. Johnson Florida State University College of Law Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.law.fsu.edu/articles Part of the Administrative Law Commons, Taxation-Federal Commons, and the Tax Law Commons Recommended Citation Steve R. Johnson, The Future of American Tax Administration: Conceptual Alternatives and Political Realities, 7 COLUM. J. TAX L. 5 (2016), Available at: https://ir.law.fsu.edu/articles/237 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Scholarly Publications by an authorized administrator of Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ARTICLES THE FUTURE OF AMERICAN TAX ADMINISTRATION: CONCEPTUAL ALTERNATIVES AND POLITICAL REALITIES Steve R. Johnson* * University Professor, Florida State University College of Law, [email protected]. I thank the participants in the conference at which this paper originally was discussed: the March 2015 Tax Policy Symposium: Reforming the IRS sponsored by the University of Minnesota Law School Corporate Institute Forum on Taxation and Regulation. © 2016 Johnson. This is an open-access publication distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits the user to copy, distribute, and transmit the work provided that the original authors and source are credited. 6 COLUMBIA JOURNAL OF TAX LAW [Vol.7:5 I. INTERSECTING FORCES AND CURRENT CRISIS .............................................. 8 A. The Perfect Storm .................................................................................................. 8 1.
    [Show full text]
  • The New International Tax Regime Rebecca M
    THE YALE LAW JOURNAL FORUM O CTOBER 25, 2018 Critiquing (and Repairing) the New International Tax Regime Rebecca M. Kysar abstract. In this Essay, I address three serious problems created—or left unaddressed—by the new U.S. international tax regime. First, the new international rules aimed at intangible in- come incentivize offshoring and do not sufficiently deter profit shifting. Second, the new patent box regime is unlikely to increase innovation, can be easily gamed, and will create difficulties for the United States at the World Trade Organization. Third, the new inbound regime has too gen- erous of thresholds and can be readily circumvented. There are ways, however, to improve upon many of these shortcomings through modest and achievable legislative changes, eventually paving the way for more ambitious reform. These recommendations, which I explore in detail below, in- clude moving to a per-country minimum tax, eliminating the patent box, and strengthening the new inbound regime. Even if Congress were to enact these possible legislative fixes, however, it would be a grave mistake for the United States to become complacent in the international tax area. In addition to the issues mentioned above, the challenges of the modern global economy will con- tinue to demand dramatic revisions to the tax system. introduction The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (TCJA)1 significantly changed the way the United States taxes multinational corporations on their cross-border income. The legislation, however, both failed to solve old problems in the international system and opened the door to new ones. Furthermore, the legislation will de- plete government resources, holding the United States back in the twentieth cen- tury rather than propelling it to be a competitive force and source of general wellbeing for its citizens in the current one.
    [Show full text]
  • Tax Penalties and Tax Compliance
    Georgetown University Law Center Scholarship @ GEORGETOWN LAW 2009 Tax Penalties and Tax Compliance Michael Doran [email protected] This paper can be downloaded free of charge from: https://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/facpub/915 http://ssrn.com/abstract=1314401 46 Harv. J. on Legis. 111-161 (2009) This open-access article is brought to you by the Georgetown Law Library. Posted with permission of the author. Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/facpub Part of the Taxation-Federal Commons, and the Tax Law Commons ARTICLE TAX PENALTIES AND TAX COMPLIANCE MICHAEL D ORAN* This Article examines the relationship between tax penalties and tax compliance. Conventional accounts, drawing from deterrence theory and norms theory, as- sume that the relationship is purely instrumental—that the function of tax penal- ties is solely to promote tax compliance. This Article identifies another aspect of the relationship that generally has been overlooked by the existing literature: the function of tax penalties in defining tax compliance. Tax penalties determine the standards of conduct that satisfy a taxpayer’s obligations to the government; they distinguish compliant taxpayers from non-compliant taxpayers. This Article argues that tax compliance in a self-assessment system should require the tax- payer to report her tax liabilities only on the basis of legal positions that she reasonably and in good faith believes to be correct. But the accuracy penalties provided under current law set much lower standards of conduct. In the case of a non-abusive transaction, current law allows the taxpayer to base her self- assessment on a position having as little as a one-in-five chance in prevailing.
    [Show full text]
  • EFFECTS of the TAX CUTS and JOBS ACT: a PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS William G
    EFFECTS OF THE TAX CUTS AND JOBS ACT: A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS William G. Gale, Hilary Gelfond, Aaron Krupkin, Mark J. Mazur, and Eric Toder June 13, 2018 ABSTRACT This paper examines the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) of 2017, the largest tax overhaul since 1986. The new tax law makes substantial changes to the rates and bases of both the individual and corporate income taxes, cutting the corporate income tax rate to 21 percent, redesigning international tax rules, and providing a deduction for pass-through income. TCJA will stimulate the economy in the near term. Most models indicate that the long-term impact on GDP will be small. The impact will be smaller on GNP than on GDP because the law will generate net capital inflows from abroad that have to be repaid in the future. The new law will reduce federal revenues by significant amounts, even after allowing for the modest impact on economic growth. It will make the distribution of after-tax income more unequal, raise federal debt, and impose burdens on future generations. When it is ultimately financed with spending cuts or other tax increases, as it must be in the long run, TCJA will, under the most plausible scenarios, end up making most households worse off than if TCJA had not been enacted. The new law simplifies taxes in some ways but creates new complexity and compliance issues in others. It will raise health care premiums and reduce health insurance coverage and will have adverse effects on charitable contributions and some state and local governments.
    [Show full text]
  • How to Save the Corporate Income
    CURRENT AND QUOTABLE (C) Tax Analysts 2011. All rights reserved. does not claim copyright in any public domain or third party content. tax notes® How to Save the Corporate sues of fact or intent rather than statutory ambigu- ity. The stakes, however, were high. Through the Income Tax Korean War years, the high tax rates of World War By M. Carr Ferguson II still prevailed. The top rate for individuals was 91% and for corporations, 52%. Capital gains were taxed at a comparatively modest 25%. Today’s top M. Carr Ferguson is senior counsel at Davis Polk tax rates have been reduced for individuals to 40%, & Wardwell LLP, adjunct professor at New York corporations to 35% and capital gains to 15%, a rate University School of Law, and visiting professor at dispensation which has been extended to dividends the University of San Diego School of Law. The as well. In 1954, the individual income tax ac- author would like to acknowledge the invaluable contributions of his colleagues at Davis Polk, espe- counted for somewhat over half of all federal rev- cially Catherine Paskoff Chang and Michelle enues; the corporate income tax another third, with Messer, who deserve full credit for any accuracies, the rest coming from employment taxes, principally while the author alone is responsible for the rest. Social Security, along with tariffs, estate and excise An abbreviated version of this address was taxes. Last year, by contrast, collections of indi- delivered on April 8 at the University of San Diego vidual income taxes and employment taxes were School of Law as the second annual Richard Craw- each about 43% of federal tax revenues while more ford Pugh Lecture on Tax Law & Policy.
    [Show full text]
  • Speaker Bios
    A Corporate Tax for the 21st Century Speaker Biographies Rosanne Altshuler is professor and dean of social and behavioral sciences at Rutgers University. Her research focuses on federal tax policy and has appeared in numerous journals and books, including the Quarterly Journal of Economics, Journal of Public Economics, National Tax Journal, International Taxation and Public Finance, American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings, and Tax Policy and the Economy. She was an assistant professor at Columbia University and has been a visitor at Princeton University, the New York University School of Law, and the Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service at New York University. Altshuler was an editor of the National Tax Journal and a member of the board of directors of the National Tax Association. She is an elected trustee of the American Tax Policy Institute. She has also been active in the policy world, serving as director of the Urban-Brookings Tax Policy Center, senior economist to the 2005 President’s Advisory Panel of Federal Tax Reform, and special adviser to the Joint Committee on Taxation. Altshuler holds a BA from Tufts University and a PhD in economics from the University of Pennsylvania. Alan Auerbach is director of the Robert D. Burch Center for Tax Policy and Public Finance at the University of California, Berkeley. He came to Berkeley following faculty positions at Harvard University (where he completed his PhD in economics) and the University of Pennsylvania. Auerbach's research interests include corporate taxation, population aging and fiscal imbalances, and the effects of tax cuts during the George W.
    [Show full text]
  • Reflections of the Holland Medal Recipient the TAX REFORM ROAD NOT TAKEN —
    National Tax Journal, June 2014, 67 (2), 419–440 Reflections of the Holland Medal Recipient THE TAX REFORM ROAD NOT TAKEN — YET Michael J. Graetz The United States has traveled a unique tax policy path, avoiding value added taxes (VATs), which have now been adopted by every OECD country and 160 countries worldwide. Moreover, many U.S. consumption tax advocates have insisted on direct personalized taxes that are unlike taxes used anywhere in the world. This article details a tax reform plan that uses revenues from a VAT to substantially reduce and reform our nation’s tax system. The plan would (1) enact a destination-based VAT; (2) use the revenue produced by this VAT to fnance an income tax exemption of $100,000 of family income and to lower income tax rates on income above that amount; (3) lower the corporate income tax rate to 15 percent; and (4) protect low- and-moderate-income workers from a tax increase through payroll tax credits and expanded refundable child tax credits. This revenue and distributionally neutral plan would stimulate economic growth, free more than 150 million Americans from having to fle income tax returns, solve the diffcult problems of international income taxation, and remove the temptation for Congress to use tax benefts as if they are solutions to the nation’s pressing social and economic problems. Keywords: tax reform, consumption tax, U.S. tax plan, VAT, Tax Policy Center JEL codes: H24, H25 I shall be telling this with a sigh… Two roads diverged in a wood and I— I took the one less traveled by and that has made all the difference.
    [Show full text]
  • SPECIAL REPORT (C) Tax Analysts 2011
    SPECIAL REPORT (C) Tax Analysts 2011. All rights reserved. does not claim copyright in any public domain or third party content. tax notes® Across the Great Divide: A Centrist A. Overview ..................... 1040 Tax Reform Proposal B. International Tax Reform ........... 1040 C. Corporate Tax Reform ............. 1047 By Philip R. West IV. Conclusion ....................... 1051 I. Introduction Philip R. West is a partner with Steptoe & Johnson LLP in Washington and a former Treasury interna- Near the end of my tenure at Treasury, a wise tional tax counsel. This report was funded by clients of man said to me: ‘‘There is no objective truth in Steptoe & Johnson, but the views expressed are those international tax policy. Ultimately, the choices are of the author, who acknowledges with thanks the political.’’ Some years later, in a prominent lecture, substantial assistance of Amanda Pedvin Varma. a highly respected congressional staff member ex- U.S. corporate and international tax rules put U.S. pressed a somewhat similar sentiment about tax 1 multinationals at a disadvantage while raising less policy more generally. revenue than would be expected when compared with These views can be interpreted to mean that the revenue collected by other countries with lower either there is no objective measure of good busi- corporate tax rates. U.S.-based companies often do not ness tax policy or there is objective merit in both repatriate profits in the absence of complex and con- sides of the debate. Having lived through years of troversial tax planning transactions, and foreign busi- nesses often find the United States inhospitable from a polarizing arguments about corporate and interna- tax perspective.
    [Show full text]
  • The Graetz Competitive Tax Plan, Updated for 2015 TAX REFORM PROPOSALS
    TAX POLICY CENTER BRIEFING BOOK How Could We Improve the Federal Tax System? RECENT COMPREHENSIVE The Graetz Competitive Tax Plan, Updated for 2015 TAX REFORM PROPOSALS Q. The Graetz Competitive Tax Plan, Updated for 2015 A. Graetz’s proposal recommends cutting income and payroll taxes and making up the revenue with a value-added tax. Columbia University law professor Michael Graetz introduced his “Competitive Tax Plan” more than a decade ago and has recently updated it. Broadly, the plan shifts the tax system, which is based on income, to one based on consumption. The plan is revenue neutral and would not change the overall income distribution. The Competitive Tax Plan contains five components. A value-added tax (also called a goods and services tax) with a broad base and a single rate of 12.9 percent. Businesses with less than $1 million in gross receipts would be exempt. There would be 18 to 24 months between enactment and implementation, which Graetz expects would accelerate purchases of durable goods and provide a short-term boost to the economy. The tax would be modeled after modern value-added taxes in New Zealand, Australia, Canada, Singapore, and South Africa. States would be given incentives to harmonize their tax policies with the federal tax. An individual income tax in which the first $100,000 of income for married couples would be exempt from taxation ($50,000 for singles and $75,000 for heads of household). Above this threshold, tax rates would be 14, 27, and 31 percent. The alternative minimum tax and surtax on investment income would be repealed.
    [Show full text]