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FAO Fisheries & Aquaculture Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Fisheries and for a world without hunger Aquaculture Department Fishery and Aquaculture Country Profiles The Republic of Nauru Part I Overview and main indicators 1. Country brief 2. General geographic and economic indicators 3. FAO Fisheries statistics Part II Narrative (2017) 4. Production sector Marine sub-sector Inland sub-sector Aquaculture sub-sector Recreational sub-sector Source of information United Nations Geospatial Information Section http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/english/htmain.htm 5. Post-harvest sector Imagery for continents and oceans reproduced from GEBCO, www.gebco.net Fish utilization Fish markets 6. Socio-economic contribution of the fishery sector Role of fisheries in the national economy Trade Food security Employment Rural development 7. Trends, issues and development Constraints and opportunities Government and non-government sector policies and development strategies Research, education and training Foreign aid 8. Institutional framework 9. Legal framework Regional and international legal framework 10. Annexes 11. References Additional information 12. FAO Thematic data bases 13. Publications 14. Meetings & News archive FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department Part I Overview and main indicators Part I of the Fishery and Aquaculture Country Profile is compiled using the most up-to-date information available from the FAO Country briefs and Statistics programmes at the time of publication. The Country Brief and the FAO Fisheries Statistics provided in Part I may, however, have been prepared at different times, which would explain any inconsistencies. Country brief Nauru has a population of 11 000 in 2015, a land area of 21 km2, a coastline of 24 km and an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of 320 000 km2. Fisheries contribution to GDP in 2008/2009 was estimated as USD 1.6 million, 2.9 percent of the national GDP. Fish is an important component of the Nauruan diet, with local fish consumption averaging 52.3 kg/person/year in 2013.In 2014, 53 boats under 12 m LOA were reported and 3 166 people employed in fisheries, with 7% women in the total. In aquaculture 34 men and 4 women were reported to be employed in 2014. Nauru was formerly rich in phosphate, which has been the country’s principal source of income for many years. Phosphate resources are now depleted and the country needs to develop alternative sources of income to replace mining revenues. Fisheries development in Nauru is considered to be a major economic prospect for the future. Although possessing only a very shallow lagoon (much of which dries at low tide) and a narrow fringing reef, the food produced by fishing in these inshore areas is very important in the Nauru diet. Nauru’s open ocean areas are frequented by an abundance of tuna and other pelagic species. The harvests of tuna in Nauru waters are substantial, but the vast majority of the catch is taken by foreign industrial fishing vessels. The access fees paid by those vessels form a large portion of the government revenue. Total catch by Nauru flagged vessels in 2016 is estimated by FAO at about 530 tonnes. The annual catch taken from the Nauru EEZ has ranged in recent years from between (approximately) 20 000 and 67 000 tonnes but most of them are taken by foreign purse seiners. Over 90 percent of the catch is tunas, with various non-tuna species, mainly large pelagic. There is no fleet operating by Nauru flag vessels in offshore areas. Coastal fishing is carried out for subsistence purposes and is sold in local markets. Traditionally, juvenile milkfish were collected on the intertidal reef and reared in brackish water ponds. The most important areas for farming were Buada Lagoon and, to a lesser extent, the Anabar pond. Farming was divided among families, with walls and fences, and the people had an intricate social fabric intertwined with milkfish culture. The Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) was introduced around 1961, and eventually infested all the milkfish ponds and competed for food. Many farmers abandoned their traditional practice of raising milkfish. Currently there are several milkfish grow-out ponds around Nauru. These are backyard/subsistence operations. The aquaculture production is estimated below 1 tonne in 2016. Nauru is a signatory to the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, the UN Fish Stocks Agreement and the Convention on the Conservation and Management of Highly Migratory Fish Stocks in the Western and central Pacific Ocean. Membership in Regional Fishery Bodies Forum Fisheries Agency (FFA) International Whaling Commission (IWC) FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC) Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC) General geographic and economic indicators Table 1 - Nauru -General Geographic and Economic Data Source Sea Around US: Shelf area: 13 km² www.seaaroundus.org/ Length of continental coastline: 30 km World by Map Fisheries GDP (2014): 2.3 % National GDP Gillet, 20161 *Value converted by FAO as per UN currency exchange rate Source Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) area 310 645 km2 VLIZ GDP (current US$) 126 millions World Bank. 2018 GDP per capita (current US$) 9 889 US$ World Bank. 2018 Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added 3.64 % of GDP World Bank. 2015 FAO Fisheries statistics Table 2 in this section is based on statistics prepared by the Statistics and Information Branch of the Fisheries and Aquaculture Department and disseminated in 2016. The charts are based on the same source but these are automatically updated every year with the most recent disseminated statistics. Table 2 — Nauru — FAO fisheries statistics 1980 1990 2000 2010 2014 2015 2016 EMPLOYMENT (thousands) … … 4.54 … 1.554 … … Aquaculture … … 0.03 … 0.038 … … Capture … … 4.51 … 1.516 … … Inland … … … … … … … Marine … … 4.51 … 1.516 … … FAO F…isheries and A…quaculture De…partment 0.112 0.105 … … FLEET(thousands boats) … … … 0.112 0.105 … … Source: FAO Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics 1) Due to rounding total may not sum up Please Note:Fishery statistical data here presented exclude the production for marine mammals, crocodiles, corals, sponges, pearls, mother-of-pearl and aquatic plants. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department Part II Narrative Updated 2017 Part II of the Fishery and Aquaculture Country Profile provides supplementary information that is based on national and other sources and that is valid at the time of compilation (see update year above). References to these sources are provided as far as possible. Production sector Nauru is a single, raised coralline island with a land area of only 21 km2, but with an exclusive economic zone (EEZ) that extends over more than 431 000 km2. The island lies 41 km south of the equator. Nauru was formerly rich in phosphate, but those resources are now depleted and the country needs to develop alternative sources of income to replace mining revenues. With porous soils and uncertain rainfall, Nauru has limited opportunities for agricultural production. Fisheries development is considered to be a major economic prospect for the future. Although Nauru has only a very shallow lagoon, much of which dries at low tide, and a narrow fringing reef, the food produced by fishing in these inshore areas is very important in the Nauru diet. The harvest of tuna in Nauru waters is substantial, but almost all of the catch is taken by overseas-based industrial fishing vessels. The access fees paid by those vessels form a large proportion of government revenue. To understand fisheries in Nauru, some knowledge of the recent economic history of the country is required. Box 1 summarizes the situation. Box 1: Nauru’s recent economic history In the mid-1970s to the 1980s, Nauru was one of the richest countries in the world per capita due to its export of phosphate. In 2000, the economic crisis altered the living standards of the population. At the time, 95 percent of the workforce were public servants and mainly relied upon phosphate royalties as sources of income. During the peak years of phosphate mining, Nauruans enjoyed a high standard of living where household needs, including food and drinking water, were imported from overseas and distributed through local retail outlets. In 2000, when the large-scale commercial mining of phosphate ceased but residual mining continued, both government revenue and average household income were reduced dramatically. Those families who were once highly privileged in comparison with much of the world’s population found it difficult to provide for their day-to-day needs. A socio-economic assessment report by Australia highlighted a significant deterioration in the humanitarian situation in Nauru since the beginning of 2004. Food security has emerged as a serious issue as a consequence of policy failure and chronic economic decline. This resulted in a total regression of development with people resorting to basic subsistence fishing and farming for survival. Men, women and children forage daily on reefs, there is daily hunting of birds for food, and families resort to extended family systems to barter food FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department for imported food items. Source: Modified from Deiye (2015) and PROCFish (2007) Fisheries statistics can be presented in different forms to cater for different purposes. For the Nauru statistics published by FAO in Part 1 of this profile, the presentation follows the international conventions and standards used by FAO and its Member States for reporting catches, which are given by the flag of the catching vessel. Accordingly, the fishery and aquaculture production of Nauru in 2014 published by FAO (as given in Part 1) was 530 tonnes. In Table 3 below, Nauru fishery production statistics include the catch by Nauru-flagged vessels,1 the catch by small boats operated by Nauru nationals and the catch from fishing activities that do not involve a vessel (e.g.
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