Synthesis Report Review of Nauru Water and Sanitation Master Plan
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SYNTHESIS REPORT Review of Nauru water and sanitation master plan SYNTHESIS REPORT REVIEW OF NAURU WATER AND SANITATION MASTER PLAN March 2021 Authors Peter Sinclair Aminisitai Loco Tony Falkland Professor Ian White Dr. Louise Bouchet Cover photo credit: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauru#/media/File:Nauru_satellite.jpg Geoscience, Energy, Maritime Division – Pacific Community Suva, Fiji 1 © Pacific Community (SPC) 2021 All rights for commercial/for profit reproduction or translation, in any form, reserved. SPC authorises the partial reproduction or translation of this material for scientific, educational or research purposes, provided that SPC and the source document are properly acknowledged. Permission to reproduce the document and/or translate in whole, in any form, whether for commercial/for profit or non-profit purposes, must be requested in writing. Original SPC artwork may not be altered or separately published without permission. Original text: English 1 Contents 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 2 2. METHODOLOGY..................................................................................................................... 2 3. TECHNICAL REVIEW OF WATER SUPPLY & SANITATION.................................................. 3 4. REVIEW OF EXISTING POLICY AND GOVERNANCE ARRANGMENTS .............................. 6 5. REVIEW OF INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY .............................................................................. 7 6. RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................................ 9 7. REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................... 12 8. ANNEX A – Consultants Reports ........................................................................................... 14 1 1. INTRODUCTION A review of the Nauru Water and Sanitation Master Plan (NWSMP) was undertaken by the Pacific Community’s Geoscience, Energy and Maritime (SPC-GEM) Division. The review focussed on the following areas: • A technical assessment of the proposed water and sanitation infrastructural systems • A review of the capacity for Nauru institutions, and government agencies to implement, maintain, and operate the proposed interventions regarding the existing environmental and social context of Nauru, • a review of the existing policy and governance arrangement and their adequacy to support the NSWMP. • Considerations for alternate improvements related to the proposed water supply and sanitation infrastructure systems, and in view of Nauru’s current legislation, institutional capacity and socio- economic context. The review process did not include the verification of the budgeted costs but looked at the suitability of the NWSMP’s approach and proposed infrastructures given the environmental and socio-economic context of Nauru. Background: The NWSMP was developed by NRW Specialists Pty Ltd (Australia) in association with NRW Macallan (Fiji) Ltd in 2017 and covers a planning period from 2015 to 2035. The master plan was endorsed by the Government of the Republic of Nauru (RoN) in 2017 and its design and delivery were in response to SPC support to the Nauru Government through its European Union-supported Global Climate Change Alliance: Pacific Small Island States project, together with the Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) through the United Nations Development Programme – Global Environment Facility funded Pacific Adaptation to Climate Change project. The NWSMP can be viewed as an advancement towards an improved and sustainable delivery and management in water and sanitation in Nauru. This is very much aligned with a number of global, regional, and RoN aspirations and declarations such as the National Sustainable Development Strategy (2005-2015) National Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Policy (2012) United Nations’ 2030 Sustainable Development Goal 6. This review however is an assessment of whether the NWSP still meets the RoN objectives and can still be implemented. The objective of peer review: The objective of the peer review of the 2017 NWSMP was to: • assess the suitability of NWSMP’s proposed water and sanitation infrastructural system, inclusive of RoN’s governance and institutional capacity to implement the NWMSP and its acceptability within the socio-economic context of Nauru. • to support the Government of Nauru, with a due diligence review of the NWSMP investment proposal to assist the Government, international agencies, donor partners and other multi-lateral banks with discussions for the development of support. 2. METHODOLOGY The approach taken for the peer review included the engagement of three external water resources specialists that collaborated with the Water and Sanitation unit within the Geoscience, Energy, and Maritime Division of SPC. 2 SPC contracted experienced external consultants with demonstrated understanding familiar with Nauru’s social, physical, and institutional setting, as well as other Pacific settings to provide valuable and specific insight on the proposed infrastructural systems, existing governance mechanisms and socio-economic capacity of the government and communities to implement, operate, manage, and maintain the recommendations within the NWSMP. Each of the consultants was tasked to review the NWSMP with a specific focus on their area of expertise • Tony Falkland: undertake a technical assessment of the proposed water and sanitation infrastructural systems • Dr Louis Bouchet: undertake a review of the capacity for Nauru institutions, and government agencies to implement, maintain, and operate the proposed interventions regarding the existing environmental and social context of Nauru, • Professor Ian White: undertake a review on the existing policy and governance arrangement and their adequacy to support the NSWMP. • All consultants were requested to provide comment on considerations for alternate improvements related to the proposed water supply and sanitation infrastructure systems, and in view of Nauru’s current legislation, institutional capacity and socio-economic context. SPC incorporated the consultants’ recommendations into this synthesis report to provide the government of Nauru with an overall assessment of the NWSMP proposal with recommendations and where appropriate alternate options for proposed water and sanitation infrastructure systems improvement in Nauru, to assist Nauru Government and donors alike with development of improvements to Nauru’s water and sanitation needs. The review focused on the Nauru Water and Sanitation Status Report (NRW, 2015) and the NWSMP (RoN, 2017) with other relevant background information obtained from the following, (but not limited to) documents, plans and legislation: • Groundwater as a social-ecological system: A framework for managing groundwater in the Pacific Small Island Developing States (2019). • National Sustainable Development Strategy 2019-2030: Revised 2019 (2019) • Nauru Priority Water Sector Development and Funding Needs Report (2017). • Rapid Review of Water Knowledge for Pacific Small Islands Developing States (World Bank June 2018). • ADB Strategic Country Analysis (2014). • National Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Implementation Plan, (NWSHIP, 2012). • Nauru Infrastructure Strategy and Investment Plan (NISIP, 2011). • Nauru Water, Sanitation and Climate Outlook (2011). • National Integrated Water Resource Management Diagnostic Report Nauru (2007). • National Sustainable Development Strategy (2005-2015). • National Land Act (1976). Where required, additional information or verification of information was remotely sourced from relevant person and organisations within Nauru. 3. TECHNICAL REVIEW OF WATER SUPPLY & SANITATION A comprehensive technical review of the NWSMP undertaken by the consultant has delivered a significant number of detailed recommendations, which can be found as Annex A. The following refers to those key 3 findings which are most relevant for government and donor considerations and have been to assist with readability. General • Planning projections are based on 2011 census data and should be updated for 2019 census data, especially for water demand projections. • The planning time frame of the NWSMP should extend from 2035 to 2040 or 2050. • The NWSMP should include a section on the consideration of fees for water and sewerage services. Water sources • The NWSP correctly states, that “Rainwater is considered to be the lowest cost, high quality water source that is available on the island”. During droughts, desalinated water becomes the primary source of potable water. • Groundwater is a valuable source of non-potable water and can reduce the use of rainwater and desalinated water. Comments in the NWSMP that groundwater will “diminish or run out” are misleading. Groundwater is recommended for secondary purposes e.g. toilet flushing to offset the significant cost for desalinated water and conserve rainwater supplies. • While recognising that all three main sources of water are a valuable part of the total water resources, the NWSMP focuses primarily on desalinated water, which has significant cost implications for Nauru communities and their government. Water Supply Systems Conjunctive use of rainwater harvesting, groundwater, and desalinated water should be more strongly incorporated into the NWSMP, referencing both the existing importance and reliance