PAGE 1 THREE

PEOPLE & PLACE PLACE & & PEOPLE PEOPLE PUBLISHED BY FORTERRA FORTERRA BY BY PUBLISHED PUBLISHED

SUSTAIN OUR REGION OUR SUSTAIN TRAIL Ampersand Ampersand DO NOT GO WHERE NOT GODO WHERE FIVE PEOPLE AND PROJECTS TO FIVE PEOPLE AND PROJECTS TO

THE PATH MAY LEAD... MAY PATH THE BREAKING IN THIS ISSUE

A NOSE FOR CONSERVATION A trek to our state’s most northeastern corner with the humans and dogs of Conservation Canines. Florangela Davila is the editor of Ampersand.

PAGE 7 KATRINA SPADE ON HUMAN COMPOSTING Designer Katrina Spade talks about human composting with Maureen O’Hagan, who has A NOTE FROM THE EDITOR written for The Seattle Times, The Washington Post and other publications.

This third issue of Ampersand arrives after a sobering, PAGE 11 disquieting summer: the drought, fires, the deaths of three young firefighters, climate change and a New Yorker reminder that the great big earthquake HUNTING FOR “SUPER” WHEAT could arrive at any moment. All of these subjects give us pause and set Forterra running in the opposite Jacob Jones profiles one scientist’s response to direction: What gives us hope? climate change. Jones has written for the Pacific Northwest Inlander, Washington State Magazine Forterra publishes Ampersand so people will stay and various daily newspapers. invested in the future of this place. In this issue, we spotlight one of the Pacific Northwest's most defining PAGE 14 characteristics: our innovation. In the stories ahead, you’ll meet a handful of out-of-the-box thinkers and doers steeped in a desire to sustain this region. They’re working with dogs in some of our most BUILDING WITH CLT remote areas to help collect more information about Maria Dolan, a contributing writer for Seattle endangered species. They’re in Tukwila helping some magazine, examines the promise of cross- of the newest arrivals to our state establish their feet laminated timber. on the ground. They’re also innovating a new type of wheat, a new kind of wood product and even a new PAGE 18 approach to burial.

Our photo essay also explores this thread of boldly breaking trail with a massive public art project PROJECT FEAST AS A FOOTHOLD sited along the Columbia River basin. It’s a work in progress—as is this magazine. If you’ve been with us FOR NEWCOMERS since our debut, Thank you. If you’re reading us for the first time, Welcome. We invite your support—whether In South King County, a food skills program through membership, a story idea, a comment about carves new paths for refugee women. Paula something you’ve read or the act of sharing this issue Bock writes about people, science and global with a friend. issues. Danny Ngan specializes in creative portraiture and events photography.

FLORANGELA DAVILA PAGE 21 [email protected] ALSO FEATURING

The Great Northern Corridor Takes Off

Gene Duvernoy profiles the local leadership fueling a renaissance of sorts in Everett, Snohomish and Stevens Pass. Duvernoy is president of Forterra.

PAGE 3

The Majestic Confluence

PHOTOS BY GLENN NELSON

Portraits of an art project that spans 438 miles. Glenn Nelson is a photographer, journalist and founder of The Trail Posse.

PAGE 24

In Verse A pair of poems that contemplates the arrival of mist and the harvesting of carrots. Janie Miller lives on Vashon Island.

PAGE 31

Five Fungi

A How-To Guide by Langdon Cook, the author of The Mushroom Hunters: On the Trail of an Underground America and Katherine Moes, an illustrator who specializes in the natural world.

PAGE 33

What’s Your Eco-Vice?

An author, a chef, the Governor and more confess.

PAGE 35

ON THE COVER PUBLISHED BY DESIGNED BY

Interior of a Seattle house constructed out of cross-laminated timber. Photo by Susan Jones. FORTERRA.ORG HUMCREATIVE.COM PAGE 3 duty and part personal fancy. personal part and duty TUNNEL. POSTCARD COLLECTION, MUSEUM OF HISTORY & INDUSTRY, SEATTLE. &INDUSTRY, HISTORY OF MUSEUM COLLECTION, POSTCARD TUNNEL. CASCADE THE NEAR DEPOT RAILWAY'S NORTHERN GREAT THE SHOWING A POSTCARD a brief, ruminative a brief, with come also they me For changes. all and become a become and about how about when I when way we are living on its precarious and and precarious its on living weare way working with its contributors and reading reading and contributors its with working livability. its of alchemy wonderful rhythms and prospects. Then I Then prospects. and rhythms precious surface. precious provocative and not sanctimonious—well, perspectives of denizens across this place place this across denizens of perspectives for this place, its people and their conjoined conjoined their and people its place, this the responses of its readers. its of responses the the keeping while sustainable, it to make to be. never tries SPRING. I it stays focused on our region. I like that it is is it that Ilike region. our on focused stays it Changes and Constants Constants and Changes like everything about everything like People Make the Place: MakePeople the

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COMMUNITIES TO REVITALIZE THE GREAT GREAT THE REVITALIZE TO COMMUNITIES

S of one depends on the other. And both both And other. the on depends one of kykomish NORTHERN CORRIDOR. READ MORE MORE READ CORRIDOR. NORTHERN FORTERRA.ORG/GREATNORTHERN NUMEROUS ORGANIZATIONS AND AND ORGANIZATIONS NUMEROUS FORTERRA IS PARTNERING WITH WITH PARTNERING IS FORTERRA

mayor.

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PAGE 6 RALPH WALDO EMERSON — FIVE WE PROJECTS AND PEOPLE TRAIL ARE BREAKING TO THINK REGION OUR SUSTAIN Meetgroupa of localvisionaries who havetaken leap,a who have embraced the adventure of turning an idea into reality. They’re atdifferent stagesin that journey; some are in full brainstorming mode while others can point how to their work isalready impacting our region. They cover a range of subjects—agriculture, our and head our both to speaks work their death—and timber, heart. Because whenthink we about sustaining this place, our entire ecosystem matters: from the health of our lands the to quality of life for everyone who calls this place home. NO PATH AND LEAVE A TRAIL. A TRAIL. AND LEAVE NOPATH DO NOT GO WHERE THE PATH MAY MAY DO NOT GO WHERE THE PATH LEAD, GO INSTEAD WHERE THERE IS LEAD, GO INSTEAD WHERE THERE IS PAGE 7 CONSERVATION A NOSE FOR helping conserve at-riskhelping conserve species Rescue dogsare for atool PHOTOS BY GLENNNELSON BY FLORANGELA DAVILA 1 The alarm clock rattles the human human the rattles clock alarm The Julianne Ubigau requires some coaxing to to coaxing some requires Ubigau Julianne determined to put in hours of physical work in in work physical of hours in to put determined converted into an ample live/work space. space. live/work ample an into converted own vehicles and their own dogs, follow suit, suit, follow dogs, own their and vehicles own and swabs baggies, Ziploc gadgets, electronic chest ice an hauls Ubigau state. the of corner efficient routine out here in lonesome Cusick, awake. The prospect of coffee ofcoffee prospect The awake. sweetens the cruelty ofthe cruelty the sweetens conditions. under allkindsof in remote areas work longhours allows them to playing ball,which Obsessed with PERSONALITY: muscle and smarts, is fully awake. A bowl of of Abowl awake. fully is smarts, and muscle their goal. thwarts heat daytime the before mountains the acrate into jumps Sampson vials. plastic tiny ungodly hour. It’s 3 a.m. in a huge garage that’s been been that’s garage ahuge in 3a.m. It’s Pend Oreille County, the most northeastern northeastern most the County, Oreille Pend and planned a carefully is theirs now, weeks For in the back seat. Two other handlers, with their their with Two handlers, other seat. back the in her up packs She truck. her of back the into kibble helps. kibble helps. solid of pounds 65 day. Sampson, her begin

Orca and more. Short-Tailed Weasel, Fisher, Spotted Owl, Leopard, PineMarten, Grizzly Bear, Moose, TRAINED TO ID: DOG FACTS DOG

The two- and four-legged members of The thing about scat, explains Sam Wasser, Wasser, Sam explains scat, about thing The And the research begins with a method that’s that’s amethod with begins research the And dog can locate caterpillar frass that looks like like looks that frass caterpillar locate can dog dung, droppings—the list of synonyms goes on. on. goes synonyms of list droppings—the dung, ecosystem through what they collect. They They collect. they what through ecosystem the at look detailed and aunique up offers eventually a nuanced portrait of our natural natural our of portrait anuanced eventually Its stressed. was animal the if you tell can organizations, university researchers and of samples over a large area of landscape and the with that Combine animal. an with contact their owners. surrendered by shelters or Rescued from BACKGROUND: you play Scrabble). A Conservation Canine Canine AConservation Scrabble). play you Conservation Canines work in teams teams in work Canines Conservation Conservation Canines program that’s based at at based that’s program Canines Conservation questions. scientific of host awhole answer Conservation Canines works for federal and and federal for works Canines Conservation specific area? What do they eat? If we go up up go If we eat? they do What area? specific sample can generate a bunch of data. Take the data. of a bunch generate can sample state wildlife agencies, non-governmental world emerges. world ablood way the it of Think information. with what you have, Wasser says, is “a powerful, “a powerful, is says, Wasser have, you what Frass pepper grains. Those grains, in turn, can help help can turn, in grains, Those grains. pepper progesterone metabolites—has it reproduced? private companies. Most of its research research its of Most companies. private noninvasive—no snares nor traps nor any find and analyze excrement—scat, poop, feces, feces, poop, excrement—scat, analyze and find focuses on analyzing the scat of endangered endangered of scat the analyzing on focuses fact that these dogs can collect a huge number number ahuge collect can dogs these that fact the food chain, who might be eating them? them? eating be might who chain, food the the mountains closer to home. Their work work Their to home. closer mountains the Europe, world—Africa, the throughout time to analyze scat DNA and hormones and loaded it’s that is Washington, of University the nonprofit the of director and founder the unprecedented tool.” If you analyze their cortisol levels, the scat scat the levels, cortisol their analyze you If For example: How many animals are in a a in are animals many How example: For Mexico as well as in old growth forests and and forests growth old in as well as Mexico insects deposit (remember that the next time time next the that (remember deposit insects , for example. That’s the name for what what for name the That’s example. , for

Jack Russell Terrier. Golden Retriever, Dog, Labrador, Australian Cattle TYPES:

IT TAKES JUST 90 SECONDS FOR PIPS TO FIND SCAT HIDDEN BEHIND A TRAINING WALL.

or threatened species: spotted owl, fisher, Oregon silverspot butterfly. "THE THING ABOUT SCAT But the dogs also can identify kill sites, snares, IS THAT IT’S LOADED WITH invasive plants and bat roosts. And they’re not limited to just working on land. INFORMATION." —SAM WASSER A dog named Tucker routinely rides a boat that courses through the Salish Sea near the for conservation,” he says. Wasser quickly San Juans. His assignment: locate orca scat. learned, though, that he didn’t need dogs By wagging his tail, adjusting his position that keep their noses to the ground and track and whimpering, he signals when and where but dogs that keep their heads up and sniff the boat should turn. Depending on the wind the air. current, he can identify orca scat from as far as one nautical mile away. The researchers scoop He found support for his idea with the state up what often looks like snot and smells, well, Department of Corrections and its drug- like salmon. sniffing dogs. Or rather, with the dogs who failed at detecting contraband. His dogs’ first Wasser, a research professor in the success was finding scat that identified the Department of Biology, pioneered the idea first grizzly bear on Goat Peak in Okanogan of using dogs to hunt scat back in 1997. The County. state had just banned hound hunting of mid- sized and large carnivores. “It occurred to me Since then, these dogs have been able to help that maybe I could put those handlers to work identify the habitat of grizzly bears in Alberta PAGE 9 The key to being a successful scat detection detection scat asuccessful key to being The dogs of majority the lucky: very also They’re mix. Retriever Golden Terrier, Labradors, handlers six employs currently program The dog is having what appears to be an an to be appears what having is dog cheetah, lion and wild dog scat. dog wild and lion cheetah, are all types—Australian Cattle, Jack Russell science have mostly handlers The dogs. 17 and to locate Mozambique and Africa to South and in mouse pocket Pacific tiny the of as well as stamina to be able to work remotely in often often in remotely to work able to be stamina year,they This Mexico. New in salamander sky. Ubigau fastens a harness and abear and aharness fastens Ubigau sky. morning inky an to awaken starting is sunlight were headed to the Midwest to find bird and and bird to find Midwest to the headed were waist. Out in the Colville National Forest, Forest, National Colville the in Out waist. with just the tiniest bit of white hair above his his above hair white of bit tiniest the just with San Diego. Without having to rip open logs, logs, open to rip having Without Diego. San rural areas for long stretches of time. The dogs dogs The time. of stretches long for areas rural mental and physical the as well as major) most important thing out here for Sampson,” Sampson,” for here out thing important most few surrendered by owners who no longer can can longer no who by owners surrendered few foot pads. the dogs located the elusive Jemez Mountains Mountains Jemez elusive the located dogs the unquenchable desire to play with a ball. “The “The aball. with to play desire unquenchable handle them. a with along shelters from rescued been have English an is there (although backgrounds roosts bat for to hunt to Alaska carcasses; bat ball she keeps in a zippered pocket at her her at pocket azippered in keeps she ball handler Julianne Ubigau says about a rubber bell onto Sampson, an 11-year-old black lab LEOPARD GRIZZLY THE DOGS HAVE WORKED THROUGHOUT THE WORLD. EACH DOG IS DOG EACH WORLD. THE THROUGHOUT WORKED HAVE DOGS THE TRAINED ON UP TO 12 SPECIES INCLUDING: SPECIES 12 TO UP ON TRAINED MOOSE ORCA

“Sure enough,” she recalls, “he was crazy.” He’d He’d crazy.” was “he recalls, she enough,” “Sure At a facility in Eatonville, housed at the UW’s UW’s the at housed Eatonville, in At afacility dog out the scat, run back to your handler, deliver deliver handler, to your back run scat, the out your on well you’re If follows. praise effusive motivate handlers the how It’s obsession. he balls, tennis of abucket with eye contact Center for Sustainable Forestry at Pack Forest, Forest, Pack at Forestry Sustainable for Center play that on banks Canines Conservation and walls. If you’re a beginner dog, you get the the get you dog, abeginner you’re If walls. and made he once Greet, and Meet the “In a ball. Which can be terribly frustrating if you’re, you’re, if frustrating terribly be can Which say, Sampson, tail wagging, with a face that that aface with wagging, tail say, Sampson, tossed is ball The "Sit." and me” “Show says whatever specimen has been found. been has specimen whatever sniff have to you field, the in out toway being to play.” wanted He just barking. barking, was Barking, gone. of allure the against achance stand didn’t who the handler then has to collect and process process and to collect has then handler the handler the when scat to the handler the that’s scat individual on trained are dogs the through climbing hours to spend dogs the Ball crazy crazy Ball 2008. in online him found Ubigau looks unquestionably proud because on owners prospective charm not could looks bounced around to different shelters; his good good his shelters; to different around bounced but there’s a whole lot less throwing because because throwing less lot awhole there’s but And scat. the find you second the thrown ball hidden in and behind different scent boxes backcountry, jungle or tundra. , read his Seattle Animal Shelter profile. profile. Shelter Animal Seattle his , read SPOTTED OWL SPOTTED WOLF PAGE 10 furry colleagues will be out in the forest in morechaos?” Wasser asks. That’s what the pursuit of carnivore scat and the almighty,oh- Sampson, Scooby, Ranger and the rest oftheir study hopes help to answer in looking at data so-desirable reward of a rubbery ball. about both predator and prey. In themeantime, hunted nearly extinction, to wolves have been returning a landscape to that has been logged, ranched, mined and farmed. “Can a a “Can farmed. and mined ranched, logged, Ubigau takes a nearby stick what to looks like InJuly, Ubigau and Sampson and two other two-year, privately funded wolf study. About this morning he’s sniffed out what appears beto coyote scat. “We wouldn’t have ever found that without Sampson’s nose,” Ubigau most of them can be found. Since being retrievesit. But after anothercouple of tosses, Sampson nudges the ball towards her and wolf restabilize an ecosystem or does it create when she’s not responsive, he whines. says. She tosses a lime green ball; Sampson and Kaniksu National Forests as part of a SAMPSON WAITS PATIENTLY WHILE HANDLER JULIANNE UBIGAU PROCESSES SCAT IN THE COLVILLE NATIONAL FOREST. dog teams bushwhacked through the Colville dry, woody-flecked dirt. “Rest,” shetells him. 70 wolves70 live in the state and this is where PAGE 11 OF BURIAL ON ANEW KIND KATRINA SPADE BY MAUREEN O’HAGAN 2 That’s where Seattle resident Katrina Spade Spade Katrina resident Seattle where That’s What do you want your last act act last your want you do What comes in. A 38-year-old with a cheerful a cheerful with A38-year-old in. comes disposed are bodies those way year,the each environmental. out, turns it and, corporal, composted upon their deaths, including many burials. in traditional wood usedannually with theamountof that could bebuilt Single-family homes 1,800: as it is practical, simultaneously spiritual, about what she wanted to happen to her to her to happen wanted she what about thought She floor. forest the on animals and plants decaying from grows life new how and Amherst. Massachusetts, of University the at With an estimated 56 million deaths occurring occurring deaths million 56 estimated an With She thought about the natural landscape, to be—that is, your final gesture gesture final your is, to be—that pursuing a master’s degree in architecture architecture in degree amaster’s pursuing she talking, of way animated an and manner upon your own death? your upon It’s an uncomfortable question—as profound learned that today, some farm animals are are animals farm some today, that learned in Washington. has consequences. body after her own death. And then she she then And death. own her after body began thinking differently about death while

cremation. annually through Carbon dioxide emitted POUNDS: 600 MILLION

FUNERARY PRACTICE FACTS PRACTICE FUNERARY

To Spade, the idea of returning to the soil upon upon soil to the returning of idea the To Spade, A friend told me about a bunch of research research of abunch about me told A friend Tell me about the genesis of this idea. this of genesis the about Tell me day-to-day. I realized if they were growing at at growing were they if Irealized day-to-day. Victrola at her with up We caught questions. your to wrap hard also It’s comforting. is death compost a steer, we can certainly compost compost certainly wecan a steer, compost easily can Farmers composting. livestock on were. they harmful environmentally they’re little, really are kids When children. considerable interest. campaign; and, significantly, been selected annually. embalming fluidused of carcinogenic with theamount that could befilled swimming pools Olympic-sized 8: composting? Coffee on Seattle’s Capitol Hill to learn more. more. to learn Hill Capitol Seattle’s on Coffee an It’s well? as composted be humans Could all. From a scientific perspective, if we can can if we perspective, ascientific From all. how surprised Iwas burial. traditional and a In Green. by Echoing Fellow aClimate as Kickstarter a$90,000 run boards; advisory We basically have have We basically my body? with do family When I was in grad school, I had two young young two Ihad school, grad in Iwas When slaughterhouse and compost it, bones and OK. But how do you get from there to to there from get you do how But OK. She is, nonetheless, determined. So far, she she far, So determined. nonetheless, is, She mind around. Certainly, it raises a whole lot of of lot awhole raises it Certainly, around. mind few years, she hopes to open the first facility facility first the to open hopes she years, few take an animal they’re not able to send to the to the to send able not they’re animal an take States—cremation United the in options two my would What Ithought, someday. to die that, me hit really It too. be, Imust rate, that for experts recruited Project; Death Urban the like everyone else in the world, I was going going Iwas world, the in else everyone like in Seattle, where, she said, there has been been has there said, she where, Seattle, in least. the to say hurdles, major some with idea had to lead to that. to that. to lead had that pieces of alot were there But humans. from eyes your of front in up growing basically anonprofit, created afacility; designed has

human body. generated by a Amount ofcompost 1 CUBICYARD:

PAGE 12 WALT WHITMAN WALT — board of advisors, we have Lynne Carpenter- Boggs, a soil scientist at Washington State For2,000-pounda steer under 18 inches of Based on what we know about livestock University, who knows livestock composting. I know.I It’s hard believe to for me, too. On our this will work. It’s been proven many, many times with livestock. It’s just a matter of fine- it. tuning to theto ambient temperature, it takes six to Six weeks? That seems hard to believe. finished compost, including the bones. nine months for all but the largest bones to provide nitrogen. Very simple. wood chips, left out in the open air and subject wood chips provide the carbon and our bodies weeks take to a body all the way through to What we’re proposing is a lot more controlled environment, indoors. There’s no question that that question no There’s indoors. environment, composting, we think it will take four six to decompose. can You find videos of this online. decomposition creates new soil. In this case to into soil—a system and a ritual, if you will, and How would this work? I like think to of composting as creating the In this case, that means providing the right In architecture, when you do a thesis, you’re part of your master’s thesis. that environment, you let beneficial bacteria thoselove.we And, processa that turns us thesis project. I think this is a very practical maybe a mouse or a mole, and over time, rightenvironment let to nature do its work. materials, which are a ratio of carbon and nitrogen-rich materials. When you set up project, though. It was an idea for a space in and microbes break down the body.This is a space. allowed do to something wild and fantastical. very similar what’s to happening six inches KATRINA SPADE. PHOTO BY RAINA SPADE. our cities where we could say “Goodbye” down on the forestYou floor. have leaf litter, You woundYou up designing a facility for this as You’re not expected ever be to buildingyour PAGE 13 "DURING THE COMPOSTING — At their facility, they have bodies in varying varying in bodies have they facility, At their Yes, there are things we don’t know, such as as such know, wedon’t things are Yes, there You’ve actually begun testing the process process the testing begun actually You’ve deep gratitude. These people are really giving giving really are people These gratitude. deep allow states law.Most by state determined cremated, the mercury makes its way into into way its makes mercury the cremated, of wood chips, do some soil samples, do do samples, soil some do chips, wood of bodies them to call want even two these Putting Ididn’t. something. or We’re to science. donation or burial cremation, on humans—two, to be exact—at Western Western exact—at be to humans—two, on decomposition. Tell me about that. that. about Tell me decomposition. Cows don’t get fillings. When people are are people When fillings. get don’t Cows a new option to care for the deceased, that that deceased, the for to care option a new a There’s list. to that composting human add stages of decomposition. When I went there, there, Iwent When decomposition. of stages some testing. Now we have partnerships with with partnerships wehave Now testing. some project. to the amazing something want residents Washington if like Ifeel state. what happens to the mercury in our teeth? teeth? our in mercury to the happens what what about chemotherapy? Will that release release that Will chemotherapy? about what won’t be the biggest hurdle. hurdle. biggest the be won’t that in take would it what on a memo write Carolina University, which trains forensic forensic trains which University, Carolina Wait—is this legal? What are the next steps? steps? next the are What scientists and conducts research on on research conducts and scientists the atmosphere and is a big problem. And And problem. a big is and atmosphere the trying to figure out the most strategic way to strategic most the out to figure trying I’m going back and we’ll uncover the…I don’t don’t the…I uncover we’ll and back going I’m faint like, Iwould, that nervous alittle I was How you dispose of a human body is is body ahuman of dispose you How law professor at Wake Forest University who’s who’s University Forest Wake at professor law Fine-tuning? Fine-tuning? bodies anymore. We’ll uncover those mounds a with filled Iwas chips, wood under bodies harmful substances? having her students each pick a state and and astate pick each students her having INTO A NEW MATERIAL." ANEW INTO LITERALLYTURNAND WE REARRANGE THEMSELVES REARRANGE THEPROCESS, MOLECULES KATRINA SPADE KATRINA . They won’t be be won’t . They You know what? This project will fail if there’s there’s if fail will project This what? You know And often, they smell bad. smell they often, And You said that at some point in the process, process, the in point some at that You said doesn't end when wefall. when end doesn't grow a garden, a tree, do whatever they want. want. they whatever do atree, agarden, grow designing a system that includes aeration to to aeration includes that asystem designing of view is our bodies are not human forever. forever. human not are bodies our is view of perfect. to be has it so living, the for experience right the creating about all It’s system. exhaust a be will it so indoors, to be going It’s odor. compost pile does not smell bad. But it’s it’s But bad. smell not does pile compost various institutions, doing research. My job is is job My research. doing institutions, various a new material—which I find mind-blowing. mind-blowing. Ifind material—which a new average compost pile. In addition, we’re around. The wood chips act as a biofilter for for abiofilter as act chips wood The around. an odor. The first thing is a well working working is awell thing first The odor. an What gets me jazzed from a scientific point point ascientific from jazzed me gets What new life. You get the sense that our useful life life useful our that sense You the get life. new stands atree when idea this There’s materials. rearrange themselves and we literally turn into into turn we literally and themselves rearrange an and efficiently more run process the make pretty hard to do in a backyard. Also, rather rather Also, abackyard. in to do hard pretty thirds of its life as a dead tree, feeding species, species, feeding tree, adead as life its of thirds two- has it falls, it When life. useful its of third other into turn will my body that fact the by comforted I’m to heaven. go they’ll that they’ll be able to take some of that soil and and soil that of some to take able be they’ll this is called a static pile, meaning once the the once meaning pile, astatic called is this pile, the turning and waste food using than It will look like fluffy soil. If a family wants to, to, wants family If a soil. fluffy like look will It People with faith are comforted by the belief belief by the comforted are faith with People During the composting process, the molecules lot more contained and managed than your your than managed and contained more lot it decomposes, and as it decomposes, it feeds one- experienced only it’s alive, forest the in they’re no longer bodies. So what are they? are what So bodies. longer no they’re Many people have backyard compost piles. piles. compost backyard have people Many all. it steer of to kind just housing species. Moss and ferns grow on it as as it on grow ferns and Moss species. housing body is laid under wood chips, it’s not moved moved not it’s chips, wood under laid is body

PAGE 14 heat need today. We fix to that.” it’seasy forget to what farmers are up increasingly, and markets, crop inconsistent just as global demand has started spiking in Farmers need this wheat now. Inthe bright-lit aisles of the grocery store, tolerantwild grasses produce to “supera the unpredictability of climate change. that impact.” that fields,” Gill says of working in the Palouse. wheat varieties with heartier, more heat- wheat” capable of thriving in extreme weather. super wheat help future farmers stay one step stage. Wheat could become harder grow to We’re already falling behind, Gill argues. With wheat,researchers estimate a loss adapt. His research looks crossto popular change? climate of ahead against each season: Rising equipment costs, Gill says the world’s food supply will have to of 2 percent 1 to ofharvest yield for every pollination vulnerable its during especially developing countries. countries. developing degree increase above 82 degrees Fahrenheit, Fahrenheit, degrees 82 above increase degree As the appetite for wheat grows, could this “I see damage being done today,” he says. “Cropsare losing significant yield because of “I wanted have to more impact…on farmers’ “This is wheat country, so it’s possible have to STORY AND PHOTOS BY JACOB JONES JACOB BY PHOTOS AND STORY

horizon as Gill crouches at a plot of younger, in close $720 to million from more than 108 Pullman, according the to Washington Eastern Washington, like much of the West this University, gently rakes his fingersover the just outside the quiet college trembling in the evening breeze. feed a warming world. million bushels of wheat. The county surrounding Knee-high wheat whispers whispers wheat Knee-high planted this section with more than 20 wheat through a rolling research field Pullman. of town wheat than any county in the nation. still-green wheat stalks. Gill’s research team has attention.” areas in Africa and the Middle East. Gill, a wheat geneticist at Washington State year, hasyear, endured record heat, drought and yearlike this, yes, thinkI people start paying varieties from around the world, primarily desert against Professor Kulvinder Kulvinder Professor against disappointing crops. In 2014, its farmers brought golden rows of possibility, their spiky crowns Gill’s jeans as he snakeshis way Association of Wheat Growers, produces more A blistering July sunhas settled low on the Just a single gene from a single plant might help “Farmers are talking about heat,” Gill says. “A 3 CLIMATE CHANGE ATTEMPTS TO STAY AHEAD OF OF AHEAD TO STAY ATTEMPTS IN PULLMAN, A WHEAT GENETICIST GENETICIST A WHEAT PULLMAN, IN PAGE 15 Agricultural University, Gill came to the United United to the came Gill University, Agricultural generations of his family have worked life life worked have family his of generations earning a master’s in plant breeding at Punjab Punjab at breeding plant in amaster’s earning cultivation on his family’s small farm in the the in farm small family’s his on cultivation Genetics, dedicated to developing new new to developing dedicated Genetics, GILL, 53, DISCOVERED 53, GILL, States to study genetics in 1986. He went on to to on went He 1986. in genetics to study States from the land, mostly with hand tools. After After tools. hand with mostly land, the from technology for wheat crop improvement. improvement. crop wheat for technology teach in Kansas and Nebraska. till a few acres to help make ends meet. Four Four meet. ends make to help acres afew till In 2002, Gill joined WSU as the Vogel Vogel the as WSU joined Gill 2002, In Endowed Chair in Wheat Breeding and and Breeding Wheat in Chair Endowed Punjab region of India where many families “CROPS LOSING ARE SIGNIFICANT YIELDBECAUSEOF — HEAT TODAY. THAT.” NEED FIX WE TO KULVINDER GILL

a passion for wheat wheat for a passion “dwarf wheat,” which grows shorter and yields yields and shorter grows which wheat,” “dwarf Africa and the Middle East, Gill has worked to to worked has Gill East, Middle the and Africa growth hormone—a hormone that also also that hormone hormone—a growth examining wheat lines grown in arid regions of of regions arid in grown lines wheat examining yields for some farmers. Orville Vogel, a WSU researcher from 1931 1931 from researcher aWSU Vogel, Orville Gill now works to build on that foundation. foundation. that on to build works now Gill wheat helped spark the ‘60s-era Green Green ‘60s-era the spark helped wheat more grain without collapsing. The shorter shorter The collapsing. without grain more to 1973, played a significant role in creating creating in role asignificant played to 1973, Revolution in crop production, tripling wheat wheat tripling production, crop in Revolution He explains how the dwarf wheat’s mutation mutation wheat’s dwarf the how explains He helps wheat survive high temperatures. By By temperatures. high survive wheat helps important an by limiting short plants keeps PAGE 16

rows of microscopes,

hesays of Ph1, “it will open the floodgates of barley and grasses. What he really wants is a his WSU laboratory. Brilliant light and hot lab. The team can identify or replicate gene But Gill says the team has also started looking Most of the team’s research takes place in the transferring genes from wild relatives into under the heat lamps. lamps. heat the under tolerant genes in wheat’s wild relatives: rye, transplanted into wheat. Many genes can be transferred splicing by them into bacteria thatbonds withwheat a plant’s DNA.Gill and breakthrough species—a grain across transfers test tube racks and grad students squinting squinting students grad and racks tube test forclimate resiliency in other things besides for precise genetic engineering in wheat. measurements. Gill proudly singles out a nutritious wheat thatgrows like a weed. WALKING BACK PAST BACK WALKING work stations, recording DNA markers and wheat.” wheat. They have started identifying heat- weather or drought, so those genes can be wheat start represents a different line under wheat varieties. They can track the efficiency what looks like an industrial refrigerator in wheat plants undergoing heat testing in a sequences under controlled conditions. They air spill out as he reveals the latest batch of chambers. Grad students sit at crowded of a plant’s photosynthesis. others at WSU also pinpointed an important controlled growing chamber. Each small green different across chromosomes compare can overintricate DNA sequences, Gill pulls open genes allow some weeds thrive to in hot gene (Ph1) last year that unlocks new gene development. development. A roaringA system of fans cools the growing The ultimate goal is identifying which specific “If it works as good as think we it will work,” “It’s really warm,” he says, holding his hand

WHEAT FACTS CLIMATE CHANGE-RESISTANT GENES. CHANGE-RESISTANT CLIMATE ARE PRODUCED ANNUALLY IN THE UNITED STATES. MORE THAN 2 BILLION BUSHELS ARE PRODUCED ANNUALLY IN THE COUNTRY. IN THE COUNTRY. STATES FIVE WHEAT-PRODUCING IN THE TOP RANKS WASHINGTON IN SEARCH OF FINDING IN SEARCH OF FINDING VARIETIES THROUGH 20,000 COMBED RESEARCHERS HAVE WSU healthy grain number and grain weight under be able cope to with that.” haveseen hotter summers and colder heat. identify dwarfing genes that can handle more more handle can that genes dwarfing identify just warming,but also variability. Farmers lines have shriveled while others flourish. Prasad notes that climate change is not India. “We wanted prepare to our farmers…to In search of solutions, the project has already International Development to understand why why understand to Development International undermine entire growing seasons if they these individual lines picked for eachtrait then thatcan thrive inheat or drought. Researchers they be transferred? to replaceto them with something better,” he focus on approximately 20 desert wheat lines for the past 50-some years, the time has come improvement.” further plantedthose in the WSU research field in State University, has partnered with Gill on a $16.2 million grant from theU.S. Agency for we can start combining those into one, to weather. As Gill kneels inspect to them, some winters, creating weather shocks that can sorted through more than 20,000 varieties to strike during vulnerable stages in their wheat’s wheat’s their in stages vulnerable during strike shuttingdown under intense heat and can says. “They are becoming a bottleneck for adverse conditions,” he says. “Once we have common in the future,” says Prasad, who also comesfrom smalla farming background in certain wheat varieties can tolerate heat and or genetic traits help prevent plants from develop a super heat-tolerant line.” development. drought betterthan others. What physical Vara Prasad, a cropphysiologist at Kansas April test to their adaptability Northwest to “We’re looking for lines that can maintain good, “These extreme shocks will become more “[Dwarf wheat] genes, although they did great PAGE 17 “Nothing is more satisfying,” he says. says. he satisfying,” more is “Nothing “He’s always very curious to know what’s new,” new,” what’s to know curious very always “He’s develop a specific line and then it moves into into moves it then and line aspecific develop clear.” of desert wheats; many already show such such show already many wheats; desert of of golden wheat, Gill says the harvest will will harvest the says Gill wheat, golden of Gill says he hopes to have heat-tolerant heat-tolerant to have hopes he says Gill a preferred line. Then a new line can move out out move can line anew Then line. a preferred says Amita Mohan, a WSU research associate associate research aWSU Mohan, Amita says within five years. It usually takes two years to to two years takes usually It years. five within production commercial for ready lines wheat day. As next the to graduate set student Some farmers have already started, kicking kicking started, already have farmers Some projects. promise. A few more years and they may fit fit may they and years more Afew promise. the “fast-breeding” stage, which tricks a plant aplant tricks which stage, “fast-breeding” the TNIG U AMID OUT STANDING together to form the next evolution in wheat. wheat. in evolution next the to form together up a haze on the horizon. Gill scans the rows rows the scans Gill horizon. the on a haze up into the fields of the surrounding Palouse. Palouse. surrounding the of fields the into stabilize to quickly DNA own its doubling into international partners. “His vision is really really is vision “His partners. international team’s the with coordinating of charge in he passes, he quizzes others on their latest latest their on others quizzes he passes, he begin soon—weeks earlier than most years. the swaying stalks “The potential is tremendous,” he says. “We “We says. he tremendous,” is potential “The “There’s this whole world looking for food,” he he food,” for looking world whole this “There’s discovery helps feed the future. the feed helps discovery cross-breeding refined modern wheat. cut could It efficiently. more dioxide carbon Whether in the Palouse or in Punjab, farmers farmers Punjab, in or Palouse the in Whether says. “We don’t have enough.” have don’t “We says. will need help. Gill hopes his work will provide provide will work his hopes Gill help. need will Sometimes, Gill fantasizes about returning to need to keep pushing.” to keep need new each yield, of grain each resilience, captures or itself fertilizes that wheat new farm life, planting five or 10 acres outside of of outside acres 10 or five planting life, farm the answer. Genetic modification could spawn spawn could modification Genetic answer. the town, working life from the land. Until then, he he then, Until land. the from life working town, Every advantage adds up. Each degree of can farmers sure to make wants Gill now, For keep making a living no matter the climate. the matter no a living making keep herbicide use and boost yields, just as previous previous as just yields, boost and use herbicide believes he can do more good in the lab. the in good more do can he believes PHOTO BY LARA SWIMMER PHOTOGRAPHY SWIMMER LARA BY PHOTO

PAGE 18 huge, old growth timbers. panel A CLT can bemade up 10 to feet wide and 40 feet long— building. building made from steel and concrete. It’s inches thick. The product is known for being in a larger building one-quarter to that of a it justanother form of “fat plywood,” he said. large enough create to a wall in a multi-story little like a forest. the kind of strength builders once found in catastrophic to contributing fuels reduce to favorablyagainst their concrete andsteel from wood boards, each cake layer placed from building construction. “Processes to to “Processes construction. building from perpendicular the to one beneath it, up 16 to potential role in reducing carbon emissions wood dense and therefore, incredibly strong; wildfires. sustainable is because the carbon footprints smallerdiameter trees, such as those thinned When Michael Wolcott, materials engineer and and the lumber stores that carbon, acting a also beneficial because can CLT be made using at Washington State University, first came across about CLT 10 years ago, he considered aren’t very interesting, and they also use a hell CLT canCLT potentially lower thecarbon footprint of larger buildings made from stack CLT up counterparts.and Trees wood products store carbon, unlike those other building materials. ofa lot oflumber,” hesaid. But hisattitude changed dramatically as he learned their director of the Institute of Sustainable Design The primary reason has CLT been touted as absorbTrees more carbon than they release, Thinkas sorta of CLT of layered cake made “From an engineering perspective, panels CLT

have found bring a way to back some lumber help of an engineered wood product called being made out of wood. from Yet, the roof imported from somewhere else. Once billed as lost its last lumber mill this summer. local is no longer so simple, and the Rainforest Fleck pointed a wood to beam milled in But while eating local in Forks is easy, building Now, Fleck and others believe they may Fleck popped his head in check to on a menu to theto floor, nearlyevery stick of timber was the “Logging Capital of the World,” Forks just from its exterior concrete shingles protect to fromForks’ oceanicclimate, the building for an upcoming city event, and the caterer Rainforest Arts Center. Rainforest Rod Fleck, city attorney and production here in a way that would satisfy place settings for a wedding reception, and a reeled off a list of local foods he thought they planner for Forks, was showing wild berries and chanterelle mushrooms. chanterelle and berries wild state of Washington,” he said. should use—a bounty of smoked salmon, crab, Oregon. “This could and should be made in the a visitor around new the town’s environmentalists and loggers alike, with the CLT. or timber, cross-laminated celebrates the timber town’s heritage by caterer was prepping in the kitchen. decorated with flower arrangements and Arts Center is the latest case in point. Aside Thepretty, wood-lined main hall had been 4 “They know how do to it right,” said Fleck. BY MARIA DOLAN MARIA BY Washington researchers, architects and rural town town and rural architects researchers, Washington in an boosters and possibly see sustainability, promise, up-and-coming wood product. STRENGTH IN TIMBERS TIMBERS IN STRENGTH PAGE 19 “I think CLT may be the best bet for Forks to get to get Forks for bet best CLTthe be may think “I Austria—though builders in the Northwest can also also can Northwest the in builders Austria—though or Montana. A mill is in the works in Colville, and and Colville, in works the in is A mill Montana. or lamination addsstability. of sawn lumber. The cross pressing alternating layers formaldehyde-free gluingand product madefrom Engineered wood panel WHAT: and elsewhere. But the product has not yet made made yet not has product the But elsewhere. and any kind of manufacturing lumber jobs back,” says serve as carbon sinks. of kinds the addition, In says. he concrete,” or steel significant inroads in North America. America. North in inroads significant several other rural towns are hoping to follow suit. to follow hoping are towns rural other several make timber require a lot less energy than to make to make than energy less a lot require timber make now get this product from mills in Canada, Oregon Oregon Canada, in mills from product this get now to build multi-story buildings there, in Europe Europe in there, buildings multi-story to build CROSS-LAMINATED TIMBER. CONSTRUCTION WAS COMPLETED IN JUNE 2015. PHOTO BY ATELIERJONES. BY PHOTO 2015. JUNE IN COMPLETED WAS CONSTRUCTION OF OUT PARK TIMBER. MADISON SEATTLE’S CROSS-LAMINATED IN HOME 1,480-SQUARE-FOOT THE DESIGNED JONES SUSAN ARCHITECT Industry and academia in Austria developed CLT Most CLT is manufactured in Europe—primarily Europe—primarily in CLT manufactured is Most Bernard Bormann, director of the University of of University the of director Bormann, Bernard long-lasting structures that can be built with CLT with built be can that structures long-lasting in the 1990s, and it has been used in recent years years recent in used been has it and 1990s, the in

WHY: wood, for example). quality wood (pinebeetlekill smaller diameter logsandlow- renewable; makes useof Sustainable; naturally

ABOUT CLT ABOUT As in other rural communities in Washington state, state, Washington in communities rural other in As dramatically in recent decades. Fleck says in the last last the in says Fleck decades. recent in dramatically 14 months the area has lost some 160 jobs related related jobs 160 some lost has area the months 14 Washington's Olympic Natural Resources Center in source of timber in the area to feed a CLT mill for for a CLT mill to feed area the in timber of source scientists could manage forests for CLT harvesting CLT for harvesting forests manage could scientists would make use of trees that have historically been been historically have that trees of use make would piled and burned. At the same time, says Bormann, Bormann, says time, same At the burned. and piled payroll, benefits and taxes. thinned from forests and left in place, pulped, or or pulped, place, in left and forests from thinned hemlock as such trees diameter small targeting say scientists forest other and He long-term. the to the industry—an estimated $11 million in annual annual in million $11 estimated industry—an to the the timber industry around Forks has changed streams. in fry to salmon Forks, who is exploring possibilities for a sustainable asustainable for possibilities exploring is who Forks, instance, increasing wildlife habitat and food supply by, for health, forest increases actually that away in applications intheUnited States. are earlycommercial andinstitutional Environmental Technology buildings markets. and emerging inNorth American 1990s; usedthroughout Europe Developed inAustria intheearly WHERE:

WSU’s Visitor Center and

PAGE 20 FORTERRA.ORG/CLT

FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE. WE FOR SEQUESTERING CARBON AND FORTERRA IS WORKING TO ENSURE REGARD AS CLT A POWERFUL TOOL STRENGTHENING RURAL ECONOMIES. READ MORE ABOUT THE WORK WE'RE WASHINGTON IS A LEADER IN BUILDING DOING WITH PARTNER ORGANIZATIONS:

house we can relax in,” she says. “This material CLT hasleft the inside of her house unpainted. The CLT But proponents say it’s worth the effort. Jones says to schoolto through the woods under a canopy of fir trees and vacationed in a couple of “super humble” family that felt like a beach house or cabin—“a fun maximum height allowance buildings for CLT in rooms. “I see this as a quintessential Northwest material,” says Jones. reason is just because it’s beautiful.” So beautiful, she Canadian whitewashed lightly of composed panels, Seattle is six stories, or 85 feet, depending on the was the perfect expression of vision.” my with all the reasons she chose the material, “the main some beetle kill pine, give the house a forest scent. Western white pine, Douglas fir and spruce, with Currently, because of seismic and fire concerns, the cabins on Orcas Island clad inside and out in wood. occupancy of the structure. As a kid, Jones grew up outside Bellingham, walked The experience ledher dream to of a house for her The material catches and bounces light around the

SUSAN JONES RESPONSIBILITY TO SPECIFY MATERIALS THAT PUSH RESPONSIBILITY TO PUSH SPECIFY MATERIALS THAT build mill a CLT here. be found, local students could be trained in CLT it’s harvested from forests in a responsible it’s way, involved in a multi-institutional program with the Launching an industry inWashington from soup Park. Designed her by firm, it’s the first permitted Firecodes will also This have adapt to CLT. to National Science Foundation research to the issue. If lawmakers and environmentalists get behind behind get environmentalists and lawmakers If theidea, and if sustainablea timber source can think buildings CLT could reach twenty stories or to nutsto faces several challenges. The largest, on thePeninsula and perhaps elsewhere, is finding a twobooks on and using isworking CLT, ona firm atelierjones, volunteeringis for that project foot high undulating panels. CLT architects “As and first in the country.Atelierjones has also published manufacturing andnewa industry could springup, product is thicker than regular timber frame more. “I think the sweet spot will be nine- twelve- to panels are so stiff it translates that ground motion react seismic to and high wind situations. WSU is reliable manufacturer of sustainable wood. materials that push the world in a more responsible project for a church in Bellevue that will feature 39- Susan Jones, the founder of Seattle architecture way,” Jonesway,” says. Shepurchased her panels from she says. Jones and her family recently moved into says Bormann. He is helping in efforts Fleck by to story buildings,” he says. With engineering, Wolcottsays some designers a new, 1,500 square foot home in Seattle’s Madison and says she’d welcome a new source “If for CLT. all the way up the building.” Canada, but would have preferred sourcing locally. CLT structure CLT be to built in Seattle, and one of the one of the most progressive materials out there,” constructionand does not burn in the same way.

designers we really have a responsibility specify to THE WORLD IN A MORE RESPONSIBLE WAY.” RESPONSIBLE MORE A WORLD IN THE Another question is how taller buildings CLT

— “AS ARCHITECTS AND DESIGNERS WE REALLY HAVE A A HAVE WE ARCHITECTS REALLY AND DESIGNERS “AS “CLT is plenty“CLT strong,” Wolcott says. “But these PAGE 21 PHOTOS BY DANNY NGAN BY PAULA BOCK THROUGH FOOD THROUGH A FOOTHOLD WOMEN GAIN REFUGEE HELPS FEAST PROJECT IN TUKWILA, 5 When Taghreed Ibrahim juices a juices Taghreed Ibrahim When on their heads would walk house to house to house house walk would heads their on day, Every civilization. Sumerian ancient of cookies with her mom in an airy airy an in mom withher cookies villa built by her dad, a carpenter acarpenter dad, by her built villa and cardamom Shakar Lama Oh, the softness of flour mixed with butter and and butter with mixed flour of softness the Oh, strengthened its hold in the south forcing forcing south the in hold its strengthened when Ibrahim was 31, Baghdad, too, became became too, Baghdad, 31, was Ibrahim when relatives gathering. For generations they lived lived they generations For gathering. relatives peddling catch pulled from the Euphrates Euphrates the from pulled catch peddling Ibrahim’s family to flee to Baghdad. By 2006, 2006, By Baghdad. to to flee family Ibrahim’s It was before 1982, the Iran-Iraq War ended, back to Iraq, age 5, making lemon lemon making 5, age to Iraq, back kitchen in her Kent apartment galley cramped the from her like his father before him. him. before father his like River. River. lemon, its tangy scent transports transports scent tangy its lemon, in Dhi Qar province, southern Iraq, heartland before Saddam Hussein’s Ba’ath Party fish of baskets with ladies heat, high before of anticipation sweet the voice; mother’s her

The cooks hailed from Mexico, Ukraine, Ghana, Ghana, Ukraine, Mexico, from hailed cooks The 70,000 landed in America, including nearly nearly including America, in landed 70,000 degree heat, dozens of dead bodies in the the in bodies dead of dozens heat, degree delicious meals of my life. my life. of meals delicious deep red borscht red deep sitt oven,” she says, “The smells: cardamom, rose rose cardamom, smells: “The says, she oven,” commercial kitchen training and pathways pathways and training kitchen commercial with fresh lime juice, juice, lime fresh with gallo de pico preparing of tibs you love!'” So late into the night, Ibrahim Ibrahim night, the into late So love!'” you Center during a summer cooking demo by by demo cooking a summer during Center Oddly, it was in air-conditioned Dubai, safe safe Dubai, air-conditioned in was it Oddly, were friends journalist his by one, One amazing feeling when I put something in the the in something Iput when feeling amazing while sons small two couple’s the with day all as the dishes they shared. One woman, who who woman, One shared. they dishes the as son sought refuge with an aunt in Egypt, then then Egypt, in aunt an with refuge sought son something about In ISIS. fear, Ibrahim’s family night. every streets stew over a wood fire at age nine. Another, Another, nine. age at fire awood over stew water, orange blossom. Makes me feel like like feel me Makes blossom. orange water, through. came visas their when to Dubai went station. television aU.S.-backed with worked medicine, herbs and meditation but was still still was but meditation and herbs medicine, tried She says. Ibrahim much,” so my mom million people uprooted from their countries countries their from uprooted people million rosewater. It was one of the most diverse and and diverse most the of one was It rosewater. intricacies the through us led cooks refugee from Baghdad’s snipers and suicide bombers, fled war in Eritrea, learned to make the spicy spicy the make to learned Eritrea, in war fled employment sustainable to find refugees for that depression hit. Ibrahim was lonely, home young their and Ibrahim to Dubai. transferred unable to sleep. “My mom told me: 'Do what what 'Do me: told mom “My to sleep. unable unbearable: no electricity, unrelenting 122- Ibrahim had married a college classmate, Inna Stetsenko, ran a family restaurant in in restaurant afamily ran Stetsenko, Inna Mohammed Ismail, a graphic designer who who designer agraphic Ismail, Mohammed High Commissioner for Refugees counted 60 60 counted Refugees for Commissioner High Nations United the of Office year,the Last spiraled city the when lost was that Donetsk complex as backstories their Iraq, and Eritrea provides that anonprofit Feast, Project MT IBRAHIM MET I in the history of human migration. Of those, those, Of migration. human of history the in into lawlessness. in signature black-and-white aprons, five five aprons, black-and-white signature in professional and Crisp industry. food the in home.” this have “I cookies. of hundreds baked missed “I midnight. past worked husband her was husband her until houses different in hid killed—then bullets hit his car. Colleagues said by persecution, war or violence—the most ever ever most violence—the or war by persecution, —a flaky, cream-filled pastry swooning with with swooning pastry cream-filled flaky, —a redolent with Berbere spice; znoud el spice; Berbere with redolent , jollof

at Tukwila Community Community Tukwila at rice with chicken, beef beef chicken, with rice PAGE 22 instead of plan, has dozens of ideas been through, country country. to Family issues, income immigrants.They learn knife skills, plating interview.Each trainee writesher own recipe lunches, start a food truck, start a restaurant, like a broken woman because of what we’ve Fast Pitch grant from Social Venture Partners, a Prasad, who left the corporate world because she training program in commercial kitchen basics that’s free forqualifying refugeesand low- this confidence at all. She makes me a stronger scaleto up the program that now serves about found myself through Project Feast. I trust myself I can do everything. Before, I don’t have woman—like American woman.” woman.” American woman—like wanted do to student presents her dish and makes a small speech. Many cry. Women’sFunding Alliance award, six-weeka and presentation, safe food handling, how to andteaches it classmates. to graduation, At each arrived in the U.S. in 2013. “I told Veena I was 100 refugees. Project Feast could cater employee dramatic issues,all this makes me lost. But I Thencame refugee-taught cookingclasses, a “It changed whole my life,” says Ibrahim, who

burden?How tap to culinarya mother lodein a has low-English skills, limiting their chances at a has been ripped away—homeland, culture, social instead of treating refugees as an economic job, grow and work toward their dreams?” living-wage job. How leverage to rich traditions Project Feast started with food handler permits In King County, one in five residents was born in trend? their strengths help to them get a job, stay in that founded Project Feast in 2013. “How can we use refugee from Myanmar via Malaysia. “It was really region of foodies hungry for the next new taste network—yet they retain their recipes. rent, finding a job. Mosteverything that matters and catering. Goat curry, bone-in, cooked a by authentic,” Prasad laughs. The client loved it. another country and about half of that population 3,000 in Washington state. Clutching documents, TAGHREED IBRAHIM coming in from other countries,” says executive entrepreneurwith an MBA and babytwins, who clinging dignity, to they struggle with language, directorVeena Prasad, an energetic social “Food is a natural strength, especially for women PAGE 23 Tabouli The ingredients for authentic Arabic cooking cooking Arabic authentic for ingredients The Tukwila site. designer at a local TV station. But childcare is still still is childcare But station. TV alocal at designer other refugees (many who teeter on the brink of of brink the on teeter who (many refugees other kids. her to watch family extended experience with Project Feast. Typical American, American, Typical Feast. Project with experience classes. and graduates Feast Project from recipes ethnic create a line of global gourmet sauces, provide provide sauces, gourmet global of aline create economic class. “Food is a powerful way of of way apowerful is “Food class. economic in 2013. Founded WHEN: and raisin-spiced meat. A floor fan swirls the the swirls fan Afloor meat. raisin-spiced and a pipeline of workers for restaurants, sponsor sponsor restaurants, for workers of a pipeline and crushed spices to span culture and socio- and culture to span spices crushed and about that country in the news.” the in country that about same spice mix perfuming her mom’s kitchen in in kitchen mom’s her perfuming mix spice same were not hard to source: DK Market warehouse in in warehouse Market DK to source: hard not were warm aroma of cardamom, cumin, cinnamon, bay space closer to where refugees live, so they don’t don’t they so live, refugees to where closer space She dreams of working with newly arrived arrived newly with working of dreams She more barriers. And she yearns to add training training to add yearns she And barriers. more and skills English fewer even have who refugees and fundraisers chef-ing by guest reciprocate authentic learn chefs area where training reverse more people to the table, using savory eggplant eggplant savory using table, to the people more three hours slicing, grating, simmering and and simmering grating, slicing, hours three they might pay more attention when they hear hear they when attention more pay might they that when people sample delicious Iraqi food, kubbat halab Ibrahim and her husband are better off than I expected soup and maybe a side salad. After After salad. aside maybe and soup I expected Renton and the potted herbs on Ibrahim’s small small Ibrahim’s on herbs potted the and Renton Baghdad. Most of all, Prasad wants Project Feast to bring to bring Feast Project wants Prasad all, of Most leaves, black pepper and allspice—exactly the the allspice—exactly and pepper black leaves, BAI GAIUL INVITED GRACIOUSLY IBRAHIM lunch in her Kent apartment to talk about her her about to talk apartment Kent her in lunch igniting conversation,” she says. “I can imagine imagine can “I says. she conversation,” igniting homelessness) because Ismail works as a graphic agraphic as works Ismail because homelessness) an especially Iraq, in granted for took she basics other to procure harder much been It’s balcony. bulgur; meltingly tender chard-wrapped dolmas ready. almost is lunch baking, have to spend an hour on two buses to reach the the to reach buses two on hour an to spend have salad bursting with fresh parsley and and parsley fresh with bursting salad

dumplings with golden turmeric immigrant women. lives ofrefugee and To empower the

WHY:

people have attended cooking classes. have beentrained; more than300 More than 150 people from 15 countries WHO:

PROJECT FEAST FACTS FEAST PROJECT me to to me

; “For guests? Of course,” Ibrahim says. “It is how you you how is “It says. Ibrahim course,” Of guests? “For Two weeks before our lunch, a car bomb blew out out blew bomb acar lunch, our before Two weeks childcare challenges: Welcome to America. to America. Welcome challenges: childcare even though it means rising at 4 a.m. to take the the to take 4a.m. at rising means it though even creamy fava beans and sets it beside abasbousa beside it sets and beans fava creamy empty of the family she longs for. longs she family the of empty and horizontally, knife skills honed from cubing cubing from honed skills knife horizontally, and all the windows in her parents’ house; they weren’t weren’t they house; parents’ her in windows the all an eight-course lunch, enough for 30 people. It It people. 30 for enough lunch, eight-course an show your love.” love.” your show school schedules. Ibrahim loves the apprenticeship, apprenticeship, the loves Ibrahim schedules. school studded with caramelized onions, eggplant and smells achingly delicious, a table full of food but but food of full atable delicious, achingly smells cooked She’s water. flower orange with sweetened wounding 58, but not her parents. “Thanks to God,” to God,” “Thanks parents. her not but 58, wounding dad her wave sickened pressure the but wounded, She unmolds a stunning upside-down maqluba upside-down a stunning unmolds She She expertly dices a tomato, slicing vertically vertically slicing atomato, dices expertly She prohibitively expensive, and she doesn’t feel safe safe feel doesn’t she and expensive, prohibitively for a few days. A few weeks later, bombs exploded exploded bombs later, weeks Afew days. afew for Ibrahim says. “They’ve been so lucky.” lucky.” so been “They’ve says. Ibrahim Is it usual to make so much for lunch? lunch? for much so to make usual it Is Brigade, which has flexed hours around her sons’ sons’ her around hours flexed has which Brigade, Macrina Bakery, becoming a pastry chef, bringing bringing chef, a pastry becoming Bakery, Macrina leaving her boys unattended. Working families, families, Working unattended. boys her leaving in two crowded Baghdad markets, killing 26, 26, killing markets, Baghdad crowded two in hundreds of pounds of potatoes for Chicken Soup Soup Chicken for potatoes of pounds of hundreds her parents from Baghdad. Baghdad. from parents her at working of dreams She Seattle. to downtown bus COUNTY. LEARN MORE ABOUT FORTERRA’S FORTERRA’S ABOUT MORE LEARN COUNTY. PROJECT FEAST IS DOING TO EMPOWER EMPOWER TO DOING IS FEAST PROJECT FORTERRA APPLAUDS THE WORK THAT WORK THE APPLAUDS FORTERRA EMERGING LEADERS IN SOUTH KING KING SOUTH IN LEADERS EMERGING FORTERRA.ORG/FOODACCESS FOOD-RELATED WORK: THE FOOD:

and Mexican. Vietnamese, Ethiopian Eritrean, Filipino, Iraqi, Somali,Burmese,

PAGE 24

built world. land, the Corps of Discovery and those who Pacific Ocean. Pacific Indian Nation and Confederated Tribes of of Tribes Confederated and Nation Indian It isarchitecture wedded sculpture; to the past the Umatilla Indian Reservation—Confluence Reservation—Confluence Indian Umatilla the to whereto the Columbia River empties into the from Clarkson, where WA the Snake and native people through cast glass faces, carved with the present; the natural alongside the were living here before Lewis and Clark arrived. a bird blind and even a fish-cleaning table, art are sited along the Columbia River basin: Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs, Yakama Confluence arcs backward to honor river and and river honor to backward arcs Confluence Clearwater rivers converge all the way west called Confluence. Six large-scaled works of givesvoice Washington to and Oregon’s The Chinook Nation, Celilo Village, Village, Celilo Nation, Chinook The Through boardwalks and story circles, through through circles, story and boardwalks Through leads you you leads

PHOTOGRAPHY BY GLENN NELSON BY PHOTOGRAPHY INTRODUCTION BY FLORANGELA DAVILA FLORANGELA INTRODUCTION BY Us to People andUs People Place to And what about another another about what And

The Confluence Art Project Connects Art Confluence Project The Along theAlong Columbia River by Mayaby Lin. She’s the artist and designer best known the world over for her Vietnam Favorite Architecture.” But what make to of the pathwayand its Park, on the southwestern tip of Washington It’s ranked No. 10 on a 2007 list of “America’s to walkto from Point Point A to B and take in the the sky. The water gurgles. An eagle shrieks. from a parking lot a bench to overlooking register as art? art? as register multipleparts, sweepinga public art project pathway at the other side ofthe park that beach? sandy a to meanders Some seagulls bob. watery view has been carefully orchestrated wall etched with more than 58,000 names. state. A prehistoric-looking heron cuts across andhedgea once obstructed these views. a frame.” an estuary in Cape Disappointment State State Disappointment Cape in estuary an viewing platform, which do not intuitively WAIKIKI BEACH CAPE AT DISAPPOINTMENT PARK. STATE A BOARDWALK INSCRIBED WITH EXCERPTS FROM LEWIS AND CLARK’S 4,133-MILE JOURNEY LEADSYOU TO THIS VIEW. Veterans Memorial, the long black granite A PATH, SLIGHTLYA PATH, CURVED, A bit of backstory: A parking lot, a restroom This experience—elegant, quiet—of being able able being quiet—of experience—elegant, This The frame Lin offers is massiveand comes in “Now you can sit and look,” Lin tells me. me,“To the art is nature,” she adds. “I’m merely PAGE 25 have since gone extinct or are in danger of doing so. doing of danger in are or extinct gone since have animals the of which notes also Lin Maya environmentalist, Apassionate discovery. of journey their during Clark and Lewis by documented animals of species 134 the with inscribed are slats whose Blind, Bird the to you delivers OR Troutdale, in Delta River Sandy the through hike A 1.2-mile PAGE 26 basalt and text grooved into footpaths. It was land. were We here,” Lin recalls one of the elders local and state leaders push to for a series of Five of the six artworks have been completed. Falls.) The projects span 438 miles. It requires telling her when they met with her in New York. tribal elders who convinced Lin take to on this mammoth creation in the first place. They joined permanent artworks that would go beyond just will honor the sacred and now submerged Celilo Celilo submerged now and sacred the honor will spotlightingLewis and Clark on the bicentennial anniversary of their voyage in 1805. (Thesixth, slated begin to constructionin 2017, consider the payoff: an invitation reflect, to learn, smell. listen—even watch, celebrate, dedicationand planning visit to them but “That was it. I had do to this project.” “Excuse me, Lewis and Clark did not discover this The welcome gate on the Vancouver Land Bridge crosses Washington State Route 14 and railroad tracks to link Fort Vancouver to the Columbia River Jones Johnpaul architect Native WA. Vancouver, in of Seattle (National Museum of the American Indian) consulted with Maya Lin to design the winding bridge. The gate features artwork by Lillian Pitt that honors women. Chinookan PAGE 27 would have seen. seen. have would Clark and Lewis what resembles closely most that landscape a at look to is To here sit Perce. Nez the of homelands the into sculpted amphitheater WA an is Clarkston, of west just Park Timothy Chief at Circle Listening Confluence The PAGE 28 PAGE 29 spent three days at this site in October 1805. 1805. October in site this at days three spent Clark and Lewis land. the across from people native for hub trading and afishing was this when time the from anarrative map images and Text in. step to you invite and ground the into embedded are others while outside the from read be to meant are and lawn the on sit circles the of Some converge. rivers Columbia and Snake the WA where Pasco, in Park State Sacajawea throughout nestled Circles Story seven of One PAGE 30 At Cape Disappointment State Park, where the Columbia River meets the the meets River Columbia the where Park, State Disappointment Cape At Pacific Ocean, a fish-cleaning table made from a single block of basalt is engraved with a Chinook creation story. The table is heavily used—if fish smell and the prompt arrival of hopeful gulls are any indicator. PAGE 31 TWO POEMS Carrot BY JANIE MILLER and Mist

The greens brushed my arm brushed greens The Yanked the carrot right out of dirt— of out right carrot the Yanked and the sequences of the living. See them See living. the of sequences the and a car, a boat, home, or home, aboat, a car, snap, snap went the cords of its life its of cords the went snap snap, sweetness stings me. me. stings sweetness from my life, their underground tethers. underground their my life, from the planet &Ifed. planet the t this orange death Istole death orange this I bite deep I bite I wonder how its spirit left—if the roots the left—if spirit its how I wonder CARROT Planet spins toward today’s end today’s toward spins Planet Revealed in the carrot’s body is Fibonacci is body carrot’s the in Revealed like so many family’s hands missing missing hands family’s many so like like time’s retrieval—or if it was rental— was it if retrieval—or time’s like in the hulk of summer’s harvest. summer’s of hulk the in into the carrot’s core—snap—and the mulch of mulch the core—snap—and carrot’s the into in there, radiating ancestors like stars? like ancestors radiating there, in body wandering this whole life long. life whole this wandering body ook themselves back to dirt to dirt back themselves ook

PAGE 32

MIST before the great order of loss and survival in lungs my in the vapor of these illusions is a human thought leaving pearls like lost asylums Lavender mist at lake’s edge lake’s at mist Lavender I breathe their nighttime shores the sea amending the weariness of thisbody returning the swans distant to magic, the crows to we return so is the grey sea ushering a myth inside of me at sunrise at exactly the same as we arrived calls the fog from its castle of the planet’s ardor PAGE 33 100 percent certainty. The best way to learn about about to way learn best The certainty. percent 100 a good meal to follow. The forager’s Golden Rule, Rule, Golden forager’s The to follow. meal a good mushrooms and how to find them is to join your your join is to them to find how and mushrooms to spend time in the woods, with the prospect of prospect the with woods, the in time to spend those edible species that can be identified with with identified be can that species edible those Mushroom hunting is an increasingly popular way way popular increasingly an is hunting Mushroom local mycological society. however, restricts harvesting and eating to only to only eating and harvesting restricts however, Mushrooms to and a strong fishy odor; throw those out. those throw odor; fishy astrong and color red adeeper exhibit will specimens Rain-soaked colorful—and appetizing—freak of the forest floor. a into mushroom gilled bland arather transforming a fungus that parasitizes another species of fungus, is lobster The shape? and color that for reason The mushroom. aclassic like rarely but egg, an or a funnel like look can it pockmarked, and Contorted local. other by any unmatched color orange outlandish An HYPOMYCES LACTIFLUORUM Lobster mushroom Find and EatFind and ILLUSTRATIONS BY KATHERINE MOES BY LANGDONCOOK Five Five

to evoke the earthiness of the woods themselves. woods the of earthiness the to evoke intensifies aroma the dried, pasta; for sauce wonderful a makes that anuttiness have they fresh, Cooked porcini them call Italians half. in cut when inside white pure be will specimen ahealthy because Russians call the king beliy grib fall. or summer late in rain agood after coast the along or mountains the in conifers near troops for Look top. on tan often most is variety Northwest Pacific our though variable, is Coloration stem. bulbous sometimes astout, and gills), of (instead underneath pores to yellowish whitish with A broad, rounded cap suggesting a hamburger bun, BOLETUS EDULIS King bolete

—the white mushroom— white —the —little pigs. pigs. —little PAGE 34 .

Bear's head HERICIUM ABIETIS Like a frozen waterfall, this fungus seems drip to off snags and fallen logs. together tightly hang appendages icicle-like white, Its form to what can sometimesbe a very large individual (bigger than a basketball). Old-growth hemlock forests are a good place look. to Sautéed, its taste and texture resemble cooked crabmeat. Matsutake A white, gilled mushroom with a veil covering the gills in immaturity. A dense, tapering stipe or stem. Foundamong old-growth Douglasfirs Washingtonin state. Matsutake means “pine mushroom” in Japanese. Ninety percent of our matsutake is exported the to Far East, though Americans are lately discovering its singular charms. One mycologist has likened its flavorto a “provocative compromise between Red Hots and dirty socks.” While that mightnot be sellinga point for everyone, the mushroom’s spicy,slightly cinnamon-y flavor is heavenly in traditional Japanese dishes such as sukiyaki TRICHOLOMA MAGNIVELARE TRICHOLOMA

Blue chanterelle Blue chanterelle POLYOZELLUS MULTIPLEX POLYOZELLUS Most years it’s a rare find, but occasionally there are delight and surprise that eruptions chanterelle blue mushroom fanciers. Some like its mild flavor and chewy texture,though it lacks truea chanterelle’s complexity and hints of stone fruit. Found in older woods high on the spine of the Cascades, especially near our volcanoes where the mushroom seems prefer to soils mixed with ash. A deep blue complexion with ruffles and ridge-like gills. Sometimes it looks like a spot of slate-gray lichen on the ground. PAGE 35 vice. AUTHOR, waste, not coated with clay). I have it shipped shipped it Ihave clay). with coated not waste, Someone should just nuke all the gyms gyms the all nuke just should Someone the Food Network is a pretty damning eco- eco- damning a pretty is Network Food the ARTIST friendly, either. I guess I’ll just go for ahike. for go just I’ll Iguess either. friendly, the into salt sow then and space outer from (10% recycled!! Which isn’t anything really.) Then Then really.) anything isn’t Which recycled!! (10% to to Auburn sent are pages printed The (GMO?). the calendars are sent out. They hang on the wall wall the on hang They out. sent are calendars the Driving to an air-conditioned gym where I run Irun where gym air-conditioned to an Driving for a year…and then?? Recycled? Thrown away? away? Thrown Recycled? then?? ayear…and for in place on an electric treadmill while watching watching while treadmill electric an on place in radioactive ruins. Wait, that’s not very eco- eco- very not that’s Wait, ruins. radioactive Made into cards or origami boxes? So how do do how So boxes? origami or cards into Made I make amends? I give. To rivers and trees and and trees and To Igive. rivers amends? I make Iorder my living. Imake how is It stuff. I make and stones that only glaciers and the Earth’s Earth’s the and glaciers only that stones and to auctions to and money donate I fish. and air across the country (Wisconsin to Olympia). It It to Olympia). (Wisconsin country the across is printed heavily with inks containing heavy heavy containing inks with heavily printed is rumbles have moved? have rumbles of a forest? Who counts the mosses and beetles beetles and mosses the counts Who aforest? of conversion sunlight the tallies who energy”…but more “uses it though even paper recycled on Iprint expensive. more much is it though even local Iprint cedars. trees: Iplant forests. save plastic. in packaged and bound and collated be metals and they stink though they are soy-based large quantities of paper (100% post-consumer post-consumer (100% paper of quantities large Jamie Ford Nikki McClure

What's YourWhat's Eco-Vice? In fact, there’s no point in redemption. redemption. in point no there’s fact, In SONGS OF WILLOW FROST WILLOW OF SONGS We all have them, those things we do that cause us angst and shudder our our shudder and angst us cause that wedo things those them, have We all moral core. But hey, if we confess them to the world and promise to do to do promise and world to the them hey,weconfess if But core. moral better, just maybe we’ll actually try harder for this place. place. this for harder try actually we’ll maybe just better,

There’s even a “No Idling” sign five feet from the the from feet five sign Idling” a“No even There’s years and models that make me feel really good. good. really feel me make that models and years wooden, wood-fired hot tub and I will use the the use will I and tub hot wood-fired wooden, (2007 Toyota Tacoma) idle when I’m waiting for for waiting I’m when Toyota Tacoma)(2007 idle Autumn Martin the ferry. I have the heat on and I listen to music. to music. Ilisten and on heat the I have ferry. the trucks. There's just something about certain certain about something just There's trucks. ferry so there’s no waiting time. Or, less of it. of Or, less time. waiting no there’s so ferry the with more myself to time trying I’m line. ferry I turn up the music and I don’t look at anybody. anybody. at look Idon’t and music the up I turn Definitely hot tubs and baths. Ugh, all that water water that all Ugh, baths. and tubs hot Definitely I have a bad habit when it’s cold of letting the car car the letting of cold it’s when habit abad I have It would be amazing to restore an old truck with with truck old an to restore amazing be would It CHOCOLATIER ANDFOUNDER,HOT CAKES CHEF, THEWILLOWS INN an electric engine. am also am and energy to heat the water...but man, hot hot man, water...but the to heat energy and even my llama would drink it...someday. Oh, I I Oh, it...someday. drink would my llama even maybe and garden my veggie for water old a have Iwill day One my jam. is hydro-therapy MOLTEN CHOCOLATE CAKERY Blaine Wetzel

really

into trucks—old, non-fuel efficient efficient non-fuel trucks—old, into PAGE 36 Eat

SEATTLE P-I , FORMERLY , FORMERLY I’m acutely aware now of eating lower Maya Lin Maya David Horsey David Joey Manson Joey side dish.side DIRECTOR, SEWARD PARK AUDUBON CENTER AUDUBON PARK SEWARD DIRECTOR, EDITORIAL CARTOONIST AND COLUMNIST, CARTOONIST EDITORIAL LOS ANGELES TIMES down on the food chain. But I’m an omnivore. I drawing cartoons, lecturing everyone else about couldn’t completely go vegan-vegan. vegan-vegan. go completely couldn’t hypocrisy, does it? How embarrassing. closer work to and commute foot by and save global warming. I'm sure that doesn't qualify as spent bulbs and batteries. I never touch bottled month. I strive be to green, but I must confess: but most of trips my are ten-mile my round- another eco-vice! try I redeem to myself by My guilt is thatI’m not a vegan. I doeat meat. But I live Michael by Pollan’s comments— food. Not too much. Mostly plants.Eat meat as a I compost,I recycle and responsibly dispose of I do use it haul to hundreds of pounds of bird My guiltiest eco-vice is owning an old Dodge Rampickup truck that gets terrible gas mileage. Luckily, I don't drive it that often, although, feed and sometimes dozens of plants in pots, taking care of the environment and fighting fighting and environment the of care taking trip commutes work. to It's hope my relocate to the beast for the big jobs. ARTIST ARTIST when I do, it's usually a speed tow to boat: water and electric my bill is less than $10 a Thebeast in garage my gets seriously bad MPG.

the The

, Cherry or f

I’ve slowed

and and

I’m always going

The Gentlewoman The and the newest wave of indie mags , . The wayI make amends Cereal Linda Derschang Gov. Jay Inslee Jay Gov. DESIGNER AND RESTAURATEUR, CAFE+BAR ODDFELLOWS TAVERN, LINDA’S down on subscriptions my in the last few years, of driving and a lot of milkshakes. (But) I get small milkshakes instead of large! And the by of the magazines forever. back through past issues for inspiration like inevery Washington town I visit. That’s a lot mainlybecause some favorites like Gourmet have folded. at the Burger Barn in Darrington. Bombe New Yorker Milkshakes. I search for the best milkshake I still love design magazines: British Vogue Magazines are biggest my eco-vice. thousands of printed pages? Keeping some way, theway, best chocolate malt in Washington is when I’m designing. PAGE 37 Yet new trails are forged all the time. Simple Simple time. the all forged are Yet trails new over and over. These bold souls live among among live souls bold over. These and over to dared one no If so. us tells observation by others. left or ourselves and true, the old familiar, the ruts made by by made ruts the familiar, old the true, and seemingly without good holds or anchor anchor or holds good without seemingly bushwhacking the heavy, and deep is snow points. The effort detours many to the tried tried to the many detours effort The points. us—you are likely one of them. them. of one likely are us—you IT’S HARD WORK HARD IT’S is exhausting and tedious, the rock wall wall rock the tedious, and exhausting is break a new trail, we’d see the same sights sights same the we’d see trail, anew break Breaking trail alongthe banks Told it couldn’t be done, yet in just six years we did it. We it. wedid years six just in yet done, be Told couldn’t it control and worked with 420 private land owners for the the for owners land private 420 with worked and control to shrubs and trees native 80,000 for way the cleared reduced the overall footprint of this obnoxious invasive invasive obnoxious this of footprint overall the reduced health of the Cedar River. Cedar the of health to knotweed approach asystemic We took planted. be and River Cedar Lower the of miles 20 on percent by 80 breaking a new trail. The The trail. anew breaking DRASTICALLY THIS PLACE NEEDS TRAIL BREAKERS. BREAKERS. TRAIL NEEDS PLACE THIS FORTERRA.ORG/STEWARDSHIPINACTION FORTERRA.ORG/STEWARDSHIPINACTION Forterra Spotlight: of the Cedar Riverof theCedar IN PARTNERSHIP WITH SEATTLE PUBLIC PUBLIC SEATTLE WITH PARTNERSHIP IN THE STEWARDSHIP IN ACTION PROGRAM ACTION IN STEWARDSHIP THE UTILITIES AND KING COUNTY NOXIOUS NOXIOUS COUNTY KING AND UTILITIES JUDY BLANCO AND HER TEAM’S WORK WORK TEAM’S HER AND BLANCO JUDY READ MORE ABOUT FORTERRA'S FORTERRA'S ABOUT MORE READ WEED CONTROL PROGRAM: PROGRAM: CONTROL WEED REDUCING A KNOTWEED INVASION INVASION AKNOTWEED REDUCING estate for community purposes, Forterra is at at is Forterra purposes, community for estate long-applied tools using or forests, working of We’d make barely a dent sustaining our our sustaining adent barely We’d make pathways. Whether taking on invasive species species invasive on taking Whether pathways. to conservation to the acquisition of real real of acquisition to the to conservation conservation to embrace trust land traditional Pacific Northwest if we only stuck to the usual usual the to stuck only if we Northwest Pacific too. weare, because this recognizes Forterra home on the unbroken trail. trail. unbroken the on home a of box the outside stepping to tackle,” big “too as seen was issue the when atime at here

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