A Healthy Dose of Sesame for Children Worldwide
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GLOBAL HEALTH A healthy dose of Sesame for children worldwide In the battle against serious illness — from heart disease to malaria — education is the first and most important line of defense. And the earlier it starts, the more effective it can be. That’s why Sesame Workshop is committed to delivering high-quality health education to young children around the world, helping them grow up strong in body as well as in mind. Through local versions of Sesame Street and special outreach programs, we’re taking on some of the world’s toughest health challenges, such as HIV/AIDS in South Africa, malaria in Tanzania, Lola and childhood obesity in the U.S. and Latin America. As research tells us, programs like these may be just the right prescription for giving children a healthy start in life. Playful 4-year-old Lola loves to exercise and enjoy nature. She’s forever leading her friends on active adventures to discover new healthy habits in the Latin American version of Sesame Street, Plaza Sésamo. GLOBAL HEALTH HIV/AIDS South Africa & Southern Africa That’s why we created one of the world’s first Working closely with specialists in HIV/AIDS media-based HIV/AIDS curricula for children. education and international organizations HIV/AIDS touches nearly every family and Our efforts are fostering new openness about focused on the disease, we developed a community in South Africa, including young the disease in countries throughout Southern curriculum for young children that addresses children. Approximately 1 in 8 children have Africa thanks to the example of Kami, a vivacious HIV and AIDS education in three crucial areas: lost a mother, a father, or both to the disease.1 Muppet who happens to be HIV-positive. knowledge, attitudes, and skills. For children, the psychological and social consequences of the epidemic are profound. Opening Life-Saving Lines The result is our Takalani Sesame TV program Yet a culture of silence surrounds HIV and AIDS. of Communication and outreach initiative in South Africa, Namibia, In our extensive background studies in Nigeria, Botswana, Lesotho, and Swaziland. In dealing with these tough circumstances, South Africa, we found that HIV/AIDS confronted children and adults need better information parents and caregivers with a host of and easier ways to talk about the disease. Goals of our HIV/AIDS curriculum challenges — not only the pain of illness, Communication is a powerful medicine against death, and dying, but dealing with the stigma Knowledge an epidemic perpetuated by silence, stigma, that surrounds the disease. What’s more, 1. Basic information and fear. our research found children had very limited 2. HIV and AIDS transmission knowledge of the facts about the disease, 3. Standard precautions despite its enormous impact on their lives. 4. HIV and AIDS symbols 5. Knowledge about death and dying 6. Body awareness Attitudes 1. Humanization and destigmatization 2. Open discussion Skills 1. Coping with HIV and AIDS 1 in 8 2. Coping with illness Approximately 1 in 8 South African children 3. Coping with death and dying have lost a mother, a father, or both to HIV/AIDS.1 GLOBAL HEALTH Meet Kami At the heart of Takalani Sesame is Kami, a 5-year-old Muppet who lives with HIV. Parents and caregivers who Our furry star is eager to share her creativity viewed our South African and enthusiasm about life, along with a TV special, “Talk to Me,” were wealth of information about HIV/AIDS. Kami twice as likely to talk with loves to be part of the action, such as when their children about HIV than playing the “train game” in which everyone those who had not watched.5 joins together and chugs along. To play this game, her friends have to touch her, and the sight of a Muppet who is HIV-positive Measurable Impact TV special “Talk to Me,” in which adults and linked together with other kids, playing 2xTakalani Sesame is moving the needle on children communicate about HIV and AIDS. and laughing, is the secret of her success. HIV/AIDS awareness and attitudes, a fact After two weeks, researchers evaluated demonstrated by two in-depth studies. The first changes in their attitudes. Though Kami is HIV-positive, the show’s study assessed changes in knowledge and producers determined that her character Parents and caregivers who viewed “Talk to Me,” behavior around HIV/AIDS among 175 children, should be asymptomatic to counter the were twice as likely to talk with their children 89 parents, and 20 preschool teachers after 3 misperception that everyone with HIV is about HIV than those who had not watched. 10 weeks of exposure to Takalani Sesame.2 sickly. They also chose to make her female, The program’s impact goes far beyond since the disease affects a disproportionate The results were impressive. Children exposed preschoolers. That conclusion is confirmed by number of young girls and women. to Takalani Sesame showed measurable gains a national survey of HIV prevalence, incidence, in HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitudes, including behavior, and communication commissioned Orphaned after her mother died of an AIDS- basic knowledge of the disease, blood safety, by The Nelson Mandela Foundation. The survey related illness, Kami openly expresses her destigmatization, and coping with illness. In showed that “although Takalani Sesame is feelings in situations that children can relate fact, those children were four times more likely primarily a children’s programme, it achieves to, such as playing with friends or going to the 1 to have some knowledge of HIV/AIDS, while high awareness across all age groups.” doctor. She helps kids learn basic facts about their attitude toward destigmatization of the how HIV is — and isn’t — transmitted, while We’re seeing a similar impact in other parts of disease improved fivefold compared to those Africa as well. In Nigeria, one study showed modeling ways to deal with grief and loss. 2 who were not exposed. that after exposure to Takalani Sesame content, The second study consisted of 349 caregivers 93 percent of children think it’s OK to play with (parents, educators, or other significant adults) a person who has HIV/AIDS, compared with only 4 of children ages 3 to 9.3 Caregivers in the 38 percent before exposure. intervention groups watched Takalani Sesame’s REFERENCES 1 Nelson Mandela Foundation (2005). South African National HIV Prevalence, HIV Incidence, Behavior, and Communication Survey. Cape Town, South Africa: Human Sciences Research Council Press. 2 Khulisa Management Services (2005). Impact assessment of Takalani Sesame Season II Programme. Johannesburg, South Africa. 3 Health and Development Africa (2005). Impact assessment of a new programming component on HIV/AIDS for Takalani Sesame. Johannesburg, South Africa. 4 Sesame Street Nigeria Team (2009). Sesame Street Nigeria pilot child study: Findings from an informal assessment of children. [Report prepared for Sesame Workshop]. Abuja, Nigeria: Sesame Street Nigeria. GLOBAL HEALTH Childhood Obesity United States & Latin America Through Sesame Street in the U.S. and its In Latin America, Plaza Sésamo reaches Latin American version, Plaza Sésamo, which millions of kids at an age when they’re most The rate of childhood obesity in the United States is seen by millions throughout Latin America, receptive to healthy influences. The long- has tripled in the past 30 years. Presently, 1 in 3 we’re instilling healthier habits early on. standing show and its lovable Muppets have U.S. children is overweight or obese. Colombia, Fun songs and colorful characters are setting gained enormous trust and popularity, leading like many other countries, is also facing children on track for a lifetime of wellness. to an alliance in 2006 with Dr. Valentin Fuster an epidemic of obesity and related illness. from the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in Cardiovascular disease claims more Colombian Better Nutrition, Exercise, New York City. Dr. Fuster is the driving force lives each year than do violence, hunger, and and Habits to the Rescue behind a campaign to make heart-healthy communicable diseases combined. Since 2004, we’ve integrated messages habits part of everyday life in Colombia. about healthy food choices and exercise into Sesame Street is working to reverse these Sesame Street as part of our Healthy Habits for The Muppets of Plaza Sésamo give Dr. Fuster’s trends by connecting with preschoolers when Life initiative. In one show and public-service message lively expression, modeling positive they are forming their eating, exercise, and announcement, First Lady Michelle Obama behaviors in ways that engage children — such hygiene habits. It turns out that Sesame Street’s pops by to plant a vegetable garden with Elmo, as a song about tasty fruits or an energizing video furry friends have a remarkable ability to explaining how foods you grow help you grow about fun-filled adventures. Healthy lessons promote better choices. up big and strong. such as these enliven the 50 Plaza Sésamo episodes, as well as a one-hour television special We’ve also delivered a multimedia outreach featuring the First Lady of Colombia. program to child-care providers and at-risk families. In the program, fruits and vegetables To reinforce the learning in schools and literally talk back to their pint-size critics, advising community centers, our Plaza Sésamo kids to “Eat your rainbow!” and “Move your Muppets appear in storybooks, posters, body!” To date almost six million families and and (a favorite of teachers) a game that gets child-care centers have received one of our the whole class moving and kids’ hearts health-focused outreach kits.7 pumping. As key influencers in children’s 1 in 3 education, the teachers in the program The rate of childhood obesity in the get training directly from cardiologists, United States has tripled in the pediatricians, and health educators.