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African Communist • REACH - PRICE PER COPY AFRICA .' 5p (1 shilling) ELSEWHERE: U.K. 15p 0/-) U.S. 50 cents SUBSCRIPTION AFRICA: 20 P (4 shillings) AIR MAIL II. 10. O. U.K. &- EUROPE 1 yttlf (four US!lt!!) 60p (/2/-) 2yean £1. U.S. & CANADA 1 yeor $ 2.00 (Airmail $4.00) 2 yeo1'$ $ 3.50 (Airmzil $ 6.00) STUDENTS: 25% discount on Surface mail subscriptions. AGENTS (bual trode discount (one-third of retail price) to bookshops and sellers ordering 6 or more copies EDITORIAL Articles, letters. material for articles and comments are invited on all themes ofA/rialn intereJt, but payment is by prior arrangement only. ADDRESS All correspondence to the distributor: Inkululeko Publications 39 Good2e Street London WI England THE AFRICAN COMMUNIST PubI&1Kd qUQrurly in the inUrtm of AfriClI1l101id4rity. Qnd III Il lomm for MllrxiJt.uninUlthoUlht IhfOUlhout our Centlntnl, by tht South AlriCfltl Cemmunilt Party No.4S Second Quarter 1971 CONTENTS 5 Editorial Notes TEN YEARS OF REPUBLIC - Nothing to Celebrate FREE SOlITH AFRICAN POLITICAL PRISONERS S. A. "ECONOMIC MIRACLE" OVER? BLACK SESSION SEX AND DRUGS - "Communist Weapons" TWISTING THE LAW UGLY AMERICANS TO THE RESCUE FREE ANGELA DAVIS 24 When Talk is Treachery - Africa's Parting of the Ways by Toussaint Those leoders ofAlria1/! states who are calling for Q ''dialogue'' with tile South Africall Govemment are IIot ollly betraying their South Afril:an brothers but art.' 11lso selling themselves into bondage and undermining A/rican independence. 37 The Imperialist Threat to Africa - 1; Uganda by Henry Maya The ousting of ftesident Dbofe and the take-ollef by the miliTary in Uganda will bring /10 benefits lO the people of Uganda as a whole. The only Diles to gain Ofe the imperial­ ist powers and their hongers-on - Britain, Israel and South Africa. 45 The Imperialist Threat to Africa - 2: Guinea by B. Tau The invasion ofGuinea by Portuguese military forces, assisted by a group ofGuinean traitors, marked an escafotiun ofthe poliq ofaggression and sub~'efsion thot the Portuguese colonialists hove conducted against a number ofindepe,ulem African countries. 51 Botswana - Balanced on a Tightrope by J. Villiers The author analyses the del'e/opmem problems fac'ing Bots""'ana, and shows thol it is ill the interests ofthe peoples ofSoulh Africa lhottheir neighbour should be strong enough to withstand all pressures from the racists and imperialists. 61 Africa: Notes and Comments by A. Langa Sudan: A &ckward Step Lesotho: NoJoywithJonatiultl Tanumia : Four get LIfe for Treason "Spanish"Sahara: Freedom for France 71 Socialist Land Reform in Tanzania by a Special Correspondent The development ofthe U;amaa "Wages appears as a Govern· mefll programme, rather than a total transformation ofthe nual life ofthe people {rom below. The extension ofsodal· ism in rhe rural areas is an urgent necessity. 85 Why I Joined the Communist Party by A. Ramsamy A n II/dian comrade describes his entry to the parry through Ihe trade union movement in Natal. 90 50 Years of the Communist Party - 2 : The Stormy Twenties by A. urumo The young Communist Parry begins to apply to a counlry whose crucial feature \oI.US the dispossession and oppression ofthe African majority Ihe revolutionary principles of Leninism. especially in regard to imperialism and the naliOl/al and colo/lial question. 106 Documents THE SOUTH AFRICAN QUESTION - Resolution passed by the Executive Commillee of the Communist International in 1928. 114 Book Reviews Education in Southern Africa edited by Brian Rose (1. Villier!' Zulu Poems by Mazisi Kunene;Poems from Algiers by Denno Brutus (Langa Mokwena). 124 leiters to the Editor On Ghana-Soviet Relations. 126 "African Communist" list of Contents 1968-1970. ·1· ! i I~ I ~~II~ III .. Editorial Notes 10 YEARS OF REPUBLIC-NOTHING TO CELEBRATE On May 31 this year the South African Government will be celebrating the 10th anniversary of the foundation of the Republic. The White man's Republic. In the 1960 republican referendum, only Whites were allowed to vote. Those voting for a Republic totalled 850,458; those against 775,878 - a pro-Republican majority of only 52.3 per cent. And in the 10 years of the Republic, White rule has been even more firmly established. The Coloured vote was finally abolished by the Separate Representation of Voters Act of 1968, and the House of Assembly which was elected last year was the first in which no section of the Black majority, comprising 82 per cent of the total population, enjoy any form of represent­ ation whatsoever. It is a White man's Parliament for Whites 5 only, and to make the issue quite clear Vorster has ordered a new Republican flag to be designed which will be a symbol for White South Africans only. The Transkei already has its own flag and anthem, and each of the other population groups are expected to satisfy themselves with their own separate status symbols. There is to be no common citizen­ ship. Not surprisingly under the circumstances. most sections of the Non-White people will have nothing to do with the Republican celebrations. Meeting in Durban in January, 1971, the national executive of the Coloured Labour Party said participation in the Republican festival implied accept· ance of apartheid. Even the leader of the pro·apartheid National Coloured People's Party, Dr Clifford Smith, said in Johannesburg last October that his party had nothing to celebrate. The President of the National Union of South Africa Students, Mr Neville Curtis, has also gone on record in sup­ port of a boycott of the Republican celebrations. "What have 10 years of Republic brought us, and what have 23 years of Nationalist rule achieved?", he asked. He cited several ex­ amples of disparity between the treatment of Whites and Non·Whites in the country. Only 0.1 per cent of the African population, he said, had matric or school-leaving certificates, and expenditure on African education was less than one eighth of that on White education. "It is not unfair to con­ clude that after 23 years of Nationalist rule and after 10 years of Republic, South Africa is a sicker socie.ty than it was", he said. The Vorster Government is bringing tremendous pressure on Black communities to laKe part In me celeDratlons, especially through the schools, where both children and parents are vulnerable. Some few Black pawns like Matanzima and Swartz may bow the knee. But we repeat: most South·' Africans have absolutely nothing to celebrate. The Republic may have an emotive significance for ~White chauvinists whose minds are still chained to the 18th century. For the majority of South Africans, however, the Republic is a 6 Republic is a prison-house of peoples and ideas which must be destroyed before the country can progress to a future in which all will be able to share both citizenship and wealth on a basis of full equality. FREE SOUTH AFRICAN POLITICAL PRISONERS One of the gimmicks which the Nationalist Government is using to drum lip support for the Republican celebrations is an amnesty for prisoners. A handful of selected burglars, robbers, rapists, thieves, attempted and reprieved murderers and other criminals will be set free in the hope that they too, if only out of gratitude instead of political conviction, will wave a flag during the festivities. For political prisoners, however, there will be no amnesty, just as there is no parole or remission of sentence - concess­ ions freely granted to other good conduct prisoners as a matter of routine. The Government is determined to persist in its inhuman treatment of all opponents of the apartheid regime. Yet it is at this very moment that the world has once again paid tribute to the outstanding qualities of the men and women who suffer in South African prisons because of their belief that all South Africans can live together as brothers. Bram Fischer, Communist leader serving a life,sentence for "sabotage", was elected a Vice-President of the International Association of Democratic Lawyers at its 9th Congress held in Helsinki last July. In a letter to him the Secretary General of the Association, Mr. 1. Nordmann, wrote: "I have the honour to transmit to you the fraternal greetings of the 350 Congress members and to reaffirm their complete solidarity with your courageous fight for the safeguarding of the human rights and dignity of your people". Another South African Communist serving a life sentence for "sabotage", Govan Mbeki, was awarded one of the Inter­ national Journalists' Prizes for 1970 by the 7th Congress of the International Organisation of Journalists meeting at Havana in January 1971. 7 These testimonials of the high esteem in which our impris­ oned leaders are held by the whole civilised world will, we hope, spark off a new campaign to secure the relea,se of some of the finest men and women ever produced by our countrf, condemned to live out the rest of their natural lives in prison because they fought for a better life for all in South Africa. No South African progressive can rest while Fischer, Sisulu, Mbeki, Mandela, Goldberg, Kathrada, Motsoaledi and their many comrades continue to rot in jail, deprived of any of the amenities of normal life, even of the right to read a newspaper, subjected daily to the humiliations and frustra­ tions heaped on them by their sadistic captors. Let us mobilise world support for the demand: Release all political prisoners in South Africa! Let us bring such pressure to bear that the Vorster gang will be forced to open the prison doors and set them free. 1971 has been declared United Nations year for action to combat racism and racial discrimination.
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