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Symphypleonid and Neelipleonid Springtails (Hexapoda, Collembola, Symphypleona and Neelipleona) from Caves of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg

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Symphypleonid and Neelipleonid Springtails (Hexapoda, Collembola, Symphypleona and Neelipleona) from Caves of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg M.T. Marx, D. Weber Symphypleonid and neelipleonid springtails from caves of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg Symphypleonid and neelipleonid springtails (Hexapoda, Collembola, Symphypleona and Neelipleona) from caves of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg Michael Thomas Marx Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Institute of Zoology / Dep. IV Becherweg 13 D-55099 Mainz [email protected] Dieter Weber Kirchgasse 124 D-67454 Haßloch [email protected] Zusammenfassung Springschwänze oder Collembolen sind mit die & Delamare Deboutteville, 1953) und Neelus murinus häufigste Tierordnung in Höhlen-Ökosystemen. Von Folsom. Sie beinhalten mehr als 98 % aller gesammelten 2007 bis 2011 wurde die Höhlenfauna von 82 Höhlen Inidividuen. Die verbleibenden drei Arten gelten als und künstlichen Hohlräumen des Großherzogtums eutrogloxen. Zu ihnen gehören die beiden epedaphi- Luxemburg untersucht. Dabei wurden Barberfallen schen Arten Sminthurinus concolor (Meinert, 1896) mit 25 aufgestellt und Handaufsammlungen durchführt. Individuen aus drei Standorten und Sminthurinus reticu­ Unter den rund 90.000 gesammelten Tieren wurden latus Cassagnau, 1964 mit 23 Individuen von zwei Stand- sechs symphypleonide und eine neelipleonide Spring- orten. Ferner wurde die epineustische Art Sminthurides schwanzart mit insgesamt 2915 Einzeltieren erfasst. Von parvulus (Krausbauer, 1898) mit nur 5 Individuen an diesen 7 Arten gelten die folgenden als eutroglophil: einem Standort gefunden. Neu für Luxemburg sind Arrhopalites principalis Stach, 1945, Arrhopalites pygmaeus Disparrhopalites patrizii, Sminthurinus reticulatus und (Wankel, 1860), Disparrhopalites patrizii (Cassagnau Sminthurides parvulus. Abstract Springtails or Collembola are amongst the most eutroglophile and imply more than 98% of the catched abundant hexapod orders in cave ecosystems. From 2007 individuals. The remaining three species are classified as to 2010 the cave fauna of 82 caves and artificial caverns eutrogloxene. These include the two epedaphic species in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg was investigated Sminthurinus concolor (Meinert, 1896) with 24 individuals using pitfall trapping and hand sampling. From a total from three locations and Sminthurinus reticulatus of 90,000 animals six symphypleonid and one neeli- Cassagnau, 1964 with 23 individuals from two locations. pleonid springtail species with 2915 individuals were Furthermore the epineustic species Sminthurides parvulus caught. From these seven species Arrhopalites principalis (Krausbauer, 1898) with only five individuals from one Stach, 1945, Arrhopalites pygmaeus (Wankel, 1860), Dispar­ location was detected. New for Luxembourg are Dispar­ rhopalites patrizii (Cassagnau & Delamare Deboutteville, rhopalites patrizii, Sminthurinus reticulatus and Sminthu­ 1953) and Neelus murinus Folsom, 1896 are classified as rides parvulus. 230 Ferrantia • 69 / 2013 M.T. Marx, D. Weber Symphypleonid and neelipleonid springtails from caves of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg Résumé Les collemboles font partie des ordre d’animaux les plus Deboutteville, 1953) et Neelus murinus Folsom. Elles fréquents dans les écosystèmes cavernicoles. Entre 2007 comprennent plus de 98% de tous les individus collectés. et 2011, la faune cavernicole de 82 cavités naturelles Les autres trois espèces sont eutrogloxènes. Parmi eux et artificielles du grand-duché de Luxembourg a été se trouvent les deux espèces édaphiques Sminthurinus étudiée. Les méthodes appliquées comprenaient des concolor (Meinert, 1896) avec 25 individus venant de pièges Barber et des collectes à la main. Parmi les 90 000 trois sites et Sminthurinus reticulatus Cassagnau, 1964, spécimens d´animaux collectés, six espèces de collem- avec 23 individus de deux sites. Par ailleurs, l’espèce boles symphypleonides et une espèce de collembole epineustique Sminthurides parvulus (Krausbauer, 1898) neelipleonide ont été identifiées, avec un nombre total a été trouvée dans un seul site avec seulement trois de 2915 individus. Parmi ces 7 espèces, les suivantes individus. Les espèces Disparrhopalites patrizii, Sminthu­ sont classées comme subtroglophiles: Arrhopalites rinus reticulatus et Sminthurides parvulus sont nouvelles principalis Stach, 1945, Arrhopalites pygmaeus (Wankel, pour le Luxembourg. 1860), Disparrhopalites patrizii (Cassagnau & Delamare 1 Introduction and post embryonic development (Lee & Thibaud 1987, Lee & Kim 1995), increased levels of fat but decreased water content and ability to regulate The presence of springtails in caves was early water loss (Vannier & Thibaud 1978, 1984, Vannier described by Wright & Haliday (1857) and & Verdier 1981, Thibaud & Vannier 1986). Carpenter (1897). Springtails are very sensitive to humidity and temperature changes. In many Only a few investigations about springtails in caves humidity is close to 100% and temperature Luxembourg exist. The work of N. Stomp and W. vary little from 9°C, thus surface species that make Weiner has given us a better understanding of the their way into these habitats enter a frost-free springtail fauna of Luxembourg. They presented environment with little or no climatic variation some remarkable findings of the Luxembourg (Thibaud 1970; Hopkin 1997). Collembolan cave sandstone region (Lias Hettangien) (Stomp & biogeography is a series of vicariance events Weiner 2005) and described new species like following cave invasions by widespread species, Orchesella erpeldingae and Superodontella euro followed by dispersionist episodes from newly (Stomp 1968a, 1968b, 1969, Stomp & Weiner adapted cave forms (Christiansen & Culver 1987). 1994, Weiner & Stomp 1995, 2001, 2003). Further Species which occur in caves show several differ- investigations about some species of the genus ences in reproduction, physiology and behavior in Orchesella are by Stomp (1967) as well as Reiffers comparison to non-cave adapted species (Thibaud & Arendt (1995). Stomp & Weiner (2005) report & Vannier 1986, Barra 1991). These include for Arrhopalites pygmaeus from Grotte de Ste Barbe and example lower fecundity and slower embryonic from the Däiwelslach (Devils cave) near Kopstal. Neelus murinus 140# Abundance 130# 350 # 300 120 ## 250 110# 200 100# # 150 # 90 # 100 80# # 50 70# N 0 # # upto 5 upto 10 upto 20 upto 50 upto 100 over 100 60 ## ## 0 10Km # # # # # # # distant from entrance (m) 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 Fig. 1: Caves with Neelus murinus Fig. 2: Numbers of Neelus murinus caught at different in Luxembourg. distances from the entrance Luxembourg caves. Ferrantia • 69 / 2013 231 M.T. Marx, D. Weber Symphypleonid and neelipleonid springtails from caves of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg Sminthurides parvulus In this contribution seven symphypleonid and 140# neelipleonid springtail species of different caves 130# and locations in Luxembourg are presented. 120# 110# 2 Neelipleona 100# 2.1 Neelidae 90# 80# Neelus murinus Folsom, 1896 70# N This small blind species has a total length of 0.7 # 60 # 0 10Km mm, is yellowish coloured and shows a holarctic # # # # # # # 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 distribution. N. murinus lives preferably in moist soil and moss (Bretfeld 1999) and according to Fig. 3: Caves with Sminthurides parvulus in Luxembourg. Massoud & Thibaud (1973) it is troglophile. It was found in Mexico up to 2800 m altitude (Bonet 1947). 3 Symphypleona Altogether 875 individuals were detected in 16 caves, with the main distribution and abundance 3.1 Sminthurididae in the iron ore mines of Rumelange (676 ind.) and Dudelange (178). Further single individuals were Sminthurides parvulus (Krausbauer, 1898) found in caves or mines of Niederwampach (3), This blue-violet species with 8+8 ommatidia has Mersch (5) and Girsterklaus (2) as well as in the a total length 0.55 mm in females and 0.3 mm town fortification of Luxembourg City (11). in males. In the genus Sminthurides all of the Fig. 4: Female of Sminthurides parvulus with the five-segmented forth antennal segment. 232 Ferrantia • 69 / 2013 M.T. Marx, D. Weber Symphypleonid and neelipleonid springtails from caves of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg Fig. 5: Fourth antennal segment of Arrhopalites principalis with six subsegments. European species are classified as epineustic, during their life (Blancquaert & Mertens 1977, which means that the main occurrence of the Blancquaert 1981, Blancquaert & al. 1981). The specimen is on water surfaces of different water male antenna is modified to grasp the female bodies (Palissa 2000). Therefore the modified during mating with special curved and modified mucrones (end parts of the furca) of these species spines on the second and third antennal segment. are broad and flat to jump on the water surface. Females of S. parvulus show a subdivision of the The maximum lifespan in this genus is 30 to 50 fourth antennal segment into five subsegments days and females are Arrho paonlylites princ ipablealis to fertilize once with the basal one being the longest (Nosek 1962) 140# Abundance 130# 18 16 120# # 14 110# 12 100# 10 8 90# 6 80# 4 # 2 70# N 0 # upto 5 upto 10 upto 20 upto 50 upto 100 over 100 60 ## ## 0 10Km # # # # # # # distant from entrance (m) 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 Fig. 6: Caves with Arrhopalites Fig. 7: Numbers of Arrhopalites principalis caught at principalis in Luxembourg. different distances from the entrance Luxembourg caves. Ferrantia • 69 / 2013 233 M.T. Marx, D. Weber Symphypleonid and neelipleonid springtails from caves of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg Fig. 8: Fourth antennal segment of Arrhopalites pygmaeus with five subsegments. (figure 4). This species occurs in Europe and lives
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