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Public Space in the Soviet City: a Spatial Perspective on Mass Protests in Minsk
PUBLIC SPACE IN THE SOVIET CITY: A SPATIAL PERSPECTIVE ON MASS PROTESTS IN MINSK Arve Hansen (UiT the Arctic University of Norway) Abstract In many capitals, the central public square is the place where people go en masse when they wish to voice their discontent. The squares used for such collective actions are diverse. Each square has its unique combination of symbols and history; they are used in different ways by the public; and they often have distinct physical characteristics. Yet, in social sciences, when determining what makes collective actions successful, space is often overlooked. In this article, I present an approach for analysing public space in relation to mass protests. I then apply this approach to the Belarusian capital Minsk, where virtually no protests have been successful during the post-Soviet period. In what ways are mass protests in Minsk affected by the perceived (symbolic), social and physical elements of the city’s public spaces? I examine the centre of Minsk in general, and analyse two central squares in particular. The article is based mainly on qualitative, semi-structured interviews with protesters, observers and opposition leaders; research literature; and on my own fieldwork and experiences from living in Minsk. I conclude that space is contributing to the difficulties facing the Belarusian opposition in several ways. 1) The perceived elements of Minsk and the two main squares do not have a preferable symbolic value to the opposition. 2) The social elements of the city show that the political centre is avoided by the public, thus making protests less noticeable. 3) This latter point is important, given that the physical elements of the squares makes policing particularly easy and swift. -
Strategies of Violence and Nonviolence in Revolutionary Movements
BETWEEN MAO AND GANDHI: STRATEGIES OF VIOLENCE AND NONVIOLENCE IN REVOLUTIONARY MOVEMENTS A thesis Presented to the Faculty of The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy by CHES THURBER In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy March 2015 Dissertation Committee: Richard Shultz, Chair H. Zeynep Bulutgil Erica Chenoweth CHES THURBER 104 E. Main St. #2, Gloucester, MA 02155 [email protected] | (617) 710-2617 DOB: September 21, 1982 in New York, NY, USA EDUCATION Tufts University, The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy PH.D. | International Relations (2015) Dissertation: “Between Mao and Gandhi: Strategies of Violence and Nonviolence in Revolutionary Movements” Committee: Richard Shultz, Zeynep Bulutgil, Erica Chenoweth M.A.L.D. | International Relations (2010) Middlebury College B.A. | International Studies (summa cum laude, Phi Beta Kappa, 2004) ACADEMIC University of Chicago APPOINTMENTS Postdoctoral Fellow, Chicago Project on Security and Terrorism (Beginning Aug. 1, 2015) Program on Political Violence Harvard University Research Fellow, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs (2014-2015) International Security Program PUBLICATIONS “Militias as Sociopolitical Movements: Lessons from Iraq’s Armed Shia Groups" in Small Wars and Insurgencies 25, nos. 5-6 (October 2014): 900-923. Review of The Maoist Insurgency in Nepal: Revolution in the Twenty-First Century, edited by Mahendra Lawoti and Anuk K. Pahari, in Himalaya 34, no. 1 (Spring 2014): 148-150. “A Step Short of the Bomb: Explaining the Strategy of Nuclear Hedging” in Journal of Public and International Affairs (2011). “From Coexistence to Cleansing: The Rise of Sectarian Violence in Baghdad, 2003-2006” in al-Nakhlah: Journal of Southwest Asia and Islamic Civilization (March 2011). -
Zde Začněte Psát Svůj Text
HOLIDAYS, CELEBRATIONS AND FEAST DAYS Do you know anyone who doesn‟t like to laugh, enjoy himself, have a good time and celebrate? If so, he‟s one of a small minority. Some of us really do try to seek out quiet, calm places without noise of people. But that doesn‟t mean that they don‟t take part in celebrations from time to time. Individual celebrations In the course of the year we have many opportunities for celebrations. You celebrate some events that happened on a particular date, like your wedding anniversary, your birthday, name day etc. These celebrations take place once a year. On these occasions the guest of honour receives presents, flowers, candies and other gifts. An anniversary is the date on which an event took place in a previous year, so, for example, if your parents married on 1 August 1980, the anniversary of their wedding will be on 1 August each year. Some events that you celebrate are events that usually only happen to you once in a lifetime, like the day you were christened, the day you got married, or the day you graduated from the college or university. The way of celebrating can be different according to local traditions. Christian holidays The most important and popular holidays are Christmas and Easter. We celebrate Easter in early spring. Its date is different every year (the Christian Church appoints it according to the first spring full moon). Easter celebrates the resurrection of Jesus Christ. In most countries on Easter Sunday children (but not only children) receive eggs, often with sweets or toys in them, or chocolate animals, usually rabbits. -
Russia's Hybrid Warfare
Research Paper Research Division – NATO Defense College, Rome – No. 105 – November 2014 Russia’s Hybrid Warfare Waging War below the Radar of Traditional Collective Defence by H. Reisinger and A. Golts1 “You can’t modernize a large country with a small war” Karl Schlögel The Research Division (RD) of the NATO De- fense College provides NATO’s senior leaders with “Ukraine is not even a state!” Putin reportedly advised former US President sound and timely analyses and recommendations on current issues of particular concern for the Al- George W. Bush during the 2008 NATO Summit in Bucharest. In 2014 this liance. Papers produced by the Research Division perception became reality. Russian behaviour during the current Ukraine convey NATO’s positions to the wider audience of the international strategic community and con- crisis was based on the traditional Russian idea of a “sphere of influence” and tribute to strengthening the Transatlantic Link. a special responsibility or, stated more bluntly, the “right to interfere” with The RD’s civil and military researchers come from countries in its “near abroad”. This perspective is also implied by the equally a variety of disciplines and interests covering a 2 broad spectrum of security-related issues. They misleading term “post-Soviet space.” The successor states of the Soviet conduct research on topics which are of interest to Union are sovereign countries that have developed differently and therefore the political and military decision-making bodies of the Alliance and its member states. no longer have much in common. Some of them are members of the European Union and NATO, while others are desperately trying to achieve The opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the this goal. -
Canvas Core Curriculum: a Guide to Effective Nonviolent Struggle
CANVAS CORE CURRICULUM: A GUIDE TO EFFECTIVE NONVIOLENT STRUGGLE STUDENTS BOOK by CANVAS printed and published in Serbia 2007 CANVAS Curriculum Introduction Before you is a wealth of knowledge about the planning, conduct, and Srdja Popovic, Slobodan Djinovic, Andrej Milivojevic, Hardy Merriman evaluation of strategic nonviolent conflict. This curriculum guide will be a and Ivan Marovic valuable companion to new and experienced activists, as well as to others who wish to learn about this subject. CANVAS Core Curriculum: A Guide to Effective Nonviolent Struggle Copyright 2007 by CANVAS. All rights reserved. The authors combine classic insights about nonviolent conflict with new ideas based on recent experience. The result is a synthesis that pushes the Published in Serbia, 2007. limits of what we thought nonviolent strategies were capable of achieving. The material covered includes time-tested analyses of power, different ISBN 978-86-7596-087-4 methods of nonviolent action, and ways to create a strategic plan for developing and mobilizing a movement. In addition, the authors include new material about how to: Publisher: Centre for Applied Nonviolent Action and Strategies (CANVAS) • chart a movement’s history and progress (Chapter 8) Masarikova 5/ XIII, Belgrade, Serbia, www.canvasopedia.org • use marketing, branding, and effective communication techniques in a movement (Chapters 9 and 10) Graphic design and illustrations: Ana Djordjevic • address the effects of fear on a movement’s members (Chapter 13) • develop security measures within a movement (Chapter 14) Photo on cover: Igor Jeremic • manage a movement’s material resources, human resources, and time (Advanced Chapters 2-4) Throughout these topics, the authors emphasize pragmatic learning and draw on their own experience applying these ideas in their own struggles. -
The Trump-Russia Collusion Case
The Trump-Russia Collusion Case Updated to August 2020 Source: http://www.scaruffi.com/politics/trumptraitor.html For those who have been following this page for a while: my main target is not Trump, my target is Putin. Putin, not Trump, is the most dangerous person in the world. Trump is just a lackey, a small-time crook and bit-time liar whom Putin is using to attack the USA. The problem is not that there is no evidence of Trump-Putin collusion, the problem is that there is too much of it. I have added some background about the motive of Russia's interference in US politics. In my opinion, it was not only a general attempt at undermining US institutions (that came later) but originally it was a determined effort to make sure that Hillary Clinton did not become president. Putin feared her more than anyone else. For those who have NOT followed this page from the beginning: this website was one of the first to talk about the Trump-Russia collusion at a time when few dared mention the Steele dossier. Just to be very clear: this is not about whether Russia's interference changed the results of the election (i personally think that the FBI investigation into Clinton's email server had a much bigger impact). It is about Putin's strategy to attack the USA, and, secondly, it is about the extent of Trump's collaboration with Putin. And, just to be fair, Putin's Russia is not the only country that ever interfered in US politics. -
Second Pyithu Hluttaw's Ninth Regular Session Holds Twelfth-Day Meeting
PROTECTING MYANMAR WORKERS ABROAD: RANDOM JOTTING P-8-9 (OPINION) NATIONAL NATIONAL State Counsellor Daw Aung San Suu Kyi’s Singapore Senior General Min Aung Hlaing visits Myanmar Lecture to be broadcast Theravada Buddha Vihara monastery in Moscow PAGE-3 PAGE-7 Vol. V, No. 130, 13th Waxing of Wagaung 1380 ME www.globalnewlightofmyanmar.com Friday, 24 August 2018 Second Pyithu Hluttaw’s ninth regular session holds twelfth-day meeting THE twelfth-day meeting of the to top up a layer and widen Second Pyithu Hluttaw’s ninth the Pathein-Monywa road regular session was held at the section in Mindon Township Pyithu Hluttaw meeting hall simultaneously. The Deputy yesterday morning. During the Minister replied that topping meeting asterisk-marked ques- up a layer and widening the tions were answered by Deputy Pathein-Monywa road section Minister for Construction U in Mindon Township is con- Kyaw Lin, a motion tabled, a ducted depending upon the report read and submitted and present situation of the road a report discussed by the Py- and road layer design. Where ithu Hluttaw representatives. necessary, fund for topping up a layer and widening is re- Asterisk-marked questions quested, and depending upon Daw Khin Than Nu of Min- availability of fund, works are don constituency posed the conducted, said the Deputy first asterisk-marked question The twelfth-day meeting of the Second Pyithu Hluttaw’s ninth regular session being convened in Nay Pyi Taw Minister. and asked if there is a plan yesterday. PHOTO: MNA SEE PAGE 2 Second Amyotha Hluttaw’s ninth regular session holds twelfth-day meeting THE twelfth-day meeting of plantations were planting in the Second Amyotha Hluttaw’s excess of the permitted 40,000 ninth regular session was held acres, resulting in loss of tax yesterday morning at the Amyo- revenue in billions to the coun- tha Hluttaw meeting hall. -
CDDRL Number 114 WORKING PAPERS June 2009
CDDRL Number 114 WORKING PAPERS June 2009 Youth Movements in Post- Communist Societies: A Model of Nonviolent Resistance Olena Nikolayenko Stanford University Center on Democracy, Development, and The Rule of Law Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies Additional working papers appear on CDDRL’s website: http://cddrl.stanford.edu. Center on Democracy, Development, and The Rule of Law Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies Stanford University Encina Hall Stanford, CA 94305 Phone: 650-724-7197 Fax: 650-724-2996 http://cddrl.stanford.edu/ About the Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law (CDDRL) CDDRL was founded by a generous grant from the Bill and Flora Hewlett Foundation in October in 2002 as part of the Stanford Institute for International Studies at Stanford University. The Center supports analytic studies, policy relevant research, training and outreach activities to assist developing countries in the design and implementation of policies to foster growth, democracy, and the rule of law. About the Author Olena Nikolayenko (Ph.D. Toronto) is a Visiting Postdoctoral Scholar and a recipient of the 2007-2009 post-doctoral fellowship from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. Her research interests include comparative democratization, public opinion, social movements, youth, and corruption. In her dissertation, she analyzed political support among the first post-Soviet generation grown up without any direct experience with communism in Russia and Ukraine. Her current research examines why some youth movements are more successful than others in applying methods of nonviolent resistance to mobilize the population in non-democracies. She has recently conducted fieldwork in Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Serbia, and Ukraine. -
SERBIA Jovanka Matić and Dubravka Valić Nedeljković
SERBIA Jovanka Matić and Dubravka Valić Nedeljković porocilo.indb 327 20.5.2014 9:04:47 INTRODUCTION Serbia’s transition to democratic governance started in 2000. Reconstruction of the media system – aimed at developing free, independent and pluralistic media – was an important part of reform processes. After 13 years of democratisation eff orts, no one can argue that a new media system has not been put in place. Th e system is pluralistic; the media are predominantly in private ownership; the legal framework includes European democratic standards; broadcasting is regulated by bodies separated from executive state power; public service broadcasters have evolved from the former state-run radio and tel- evision company which acted as a pillar of the fallen autocratic regime. However, there is no public consensus that the changes have produced more positive than negative results. Th e media sector is liberalized but this has not brought a better-in- formed public. Media freedom has been expanded but it has endangered the concept of socially responsible journalism. Among about 1200 media outlets many have neither po- litical nor economic independence. Th e only industrial segments on the rise are the enter- tainment press and cable channels featuring reality shows and entertainment. Th e level of professionalism and reputation of journalists have been drastically reduced. Th e current media system suff ers from many weaknesses. Media legislation is incom- plete, inconsistent and outdated. Privatisation of state-owned media, stipulated as mandato- ry 10 years ago, is uncompleted. Th e media market is very poorly regulated resulting in dras- tically unequal conditions for state-owned and private media. -
Analiza Medijskog Tržišta U Srbij
Jačanje medijske slobode Analiza medijskog tržišta u Srbij Ipsos Strategic Marketing Avgust 2015. godine 1 Sadržaj: . Preporuke i zaključci . Metodologija . Osnovni nalazi (Executive Summary) . Tržište oglašavanja u Srbiji . Trend procene realne vrednosti TV tržišta za period 2008. – 2014 . Trend procene realne vrednosti radio tržišta za period 2008. – 2014 . Najveći oglašivači TV tržišta . Udeo televizijskih kuća u ukupnom TV tržištu oglašavanja . Internet tržište oglašavanja . Pregled medijskog tržišta Srbije . Televizija . Podaci o gledanosti TV stanica . Najgledanije TV emisije na ukupnom tržištu i po relevantnim tržištima u 2014. I 2015. godini . Profil gledalaca televizijskih stanica . RTS1 . TV Prva . TV Pink . TV B92 . TV Happy . TV Vojvodina 1 . Prosečna slušanost radija i gledanost televizije po satima . Radio . Udeo nacionalnih radio stanica u ukupnom auditorijumu . Prosečni dnevni auditorijum nacionalnih radio stanica . Prosečni nedeljni auditorijum nacionalnih radio stanica . Internet . Medijske navike korisnika radijskih i televizijskih programa . Glavni izvor informisanja – Opšta populacija . Glavni izvor informisanja podela po godinama . Učestalost gledanja TV programa . Procena vremena korišćenja različitih vrsta medija pre godinu dana i sada . Procena kvaliteta sadržaja razlicitih vrsta medija . Programski sadržaji i preferencije auditorijuma . Navike korišćenja lokalnih medija . Lokalni mediji: zadovoljstvo kvalitetom i količinom lokalnog sadržaja . Programi na jezicima nacionalnih manjina . Televizijski sadržaji prilagođeni osobama sa invaliditetom . Makroekonomska situacija i njen uticaj na medijsko tržište . Analiza poslovanja pružalaca medijskih usluga . Prilozi 2 Preporuke i zaključci 1. Programski sadržaji TV emitera: a. U ukpnoj programskoj ponudi se ne uočava nedostak sadržaja i. Programski sadržaj javnog servisa je blizak izrečenim potrebama građana i na duži rok on se pokazuje adekvatnim jer ujedno ima i najveće učešće u ukupnoj glednosti. -
Page 01 Aug 20.Indd
www.thepeninsulaqatar.com BUSINESS | 17 SPORT | 21 All eyes on Yellen MotoGP: Leaderr to provide clarity Marquez tops Czechzech on rate hike plan practice in Brnoo SATURDAY 20 AUGUST 2016 • 17 DHUL QA’DA 1437 • Volume 21 • Number 6894 2 Riyals thepeninsulaqatar @peninsulaqatar @peninsula_qatar Rousing welcome for Barshim at Bayt Qatar Emir congratulates Health & safety President of Afghanistan practitioners in DOHA: Emir H H Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani yesterday sent a cable of congratulations to President of Afghanistan, Dr. Mohammad Ashraf Ghani, on high demand his country’s Independence Day. Deputy Emir H H Sheikh Abdullah bin Hamad Al Thani and Prime Minister and Interior yesterday. He was speaking on the Minister H E Sheikh Abdullah bin sidelines of the inaugural ‘PHASE Nasser bin Khalifa Al Thani also Based on the Construction Occupational Safety sent cables to President Dr. Ghani. Philippine Overseas and Health Summit’ — a major high- Employment light of the year-round programme of the organisation which marks its Social security Administration 10th anniversary this year. Thousands of Filipino safety website, there are practitioners have benefited from beneficiaries up hundreds of job PHASE’s training programmes. orders from Qatar “There are lots of success sto- DOHA: Data from the Ministry ries. You will be surprised how of Development Planning and in the field of health these people progressed from simple Statistics shows that the number and safety. employees to safety supervisors and of social security beneficiaries assistant safety managers while some increased in June to 12, 969 from are working with consultants with 12, 315 in May. -
Revolutionary Tactics: Insights from Police and Justice Reform in Georgia
TRANSITIONS FORUM | CASE STUDY | JUNE 2014 Revolutionary Tactics: Insights from Police and Justice Reform in Georgia by Peter Pomerantsev with Geoffrey Robertson, Jovan Ratković and Anne Applebaum www.li.com www.prosperity.com ABOUT THE LEGATUM INSTITUTE Based in London, the Legatum Institute (LI) is an independent non-partisan public policy organisation whose research, publications, and programmes advance ideas and policies in support of free and prosperous societies around the world. LI’s signature annual publication is the Legatum Prosperity Index™, a unique global assessment of national prosperity based on both wealth and wellbeing. LI is the co-publisher of Democracy Lab, a journalistic joint-venture with Foreign Policy Magazine dedicated to covering political and economic transitions around the world. www.li.com www.prosperity.com http://democracylab.foreignpolicy.com TRANSITIONS FORUM CONTENTS Introduction 3 Background 4 Tactics for Revolutionary Change: Police Reform 6 Jovan Ratković: A Serbian Perspective on Georgia’s Police Reforms Justice: A Botched Reform? 10 Jovan Ratković: The Serbian Experience of Justice Reform Geoffrey Robertson: Judicial Reform The Downsides of Revolutionary Maximalism 13 1 Truth and Reconciliation Jovan Ratković: How Serbia Has Been Coming to Terms with the Past Geoffrey Robertson: Dealing with the Past 2 The Need to Foster an Opposition Jovan Ratković: The Serbian Experience of Fostering a Healthy Opposition Russia and the West: Geopolitical Direction and Domestic Reforms 18 What Georgia Means: for Ukraine and Beyond 20 References 21 About the Author and Contributors 24 About the Legatum Institute inside front cover Legatum Prosperity IndexTM Country Factsheet 2013 25 TRANSITIONS forum | 2 TRANSITIONS FORUM The reforms carried out in Georgia after the Rose Revolution of 2004 were Introduction among the most radical ever attempted in the post-Soviet world, and probably the most controversial.