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Neurological and Neuroimaging Signs of Reversible Parkinsonism Associated with Manganese Exposure
[Downloaded free from http://www.neurologyindia.com on Thursday, March 13, 2014, IP: 202.177.173.189] || Click here to download free Android application for this journal Editorial Neurological and neuroimaging signs of reversible Parkinsonism associated with manganese exposure Basant K. Puri Department of Imaging, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK Address for correspondence: Prof. Basant K. Puri, Department of Imaging, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0HS, UK. E-mail: [email protected] Received : 03-02-2014 Review completed : 03-02-2014 Accepted : 03-02-2014 In this month’s issue of Neurology India, Han The heavy metal manganese (atomic number 25, relative et al. present an unusual case entitled ‘Reversal atomic mass 54.938) lies in group 7 of the periodic table of pallidal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T1 and has a natural abundance in the earth’s crust that, hyperintensity in a welder presenting as reversible among the heavy metals, is second only to that of iron, parkinsonism’.[1] Parkinsonism is a syndrome of multiple with which it is roughly similar in terms of many of its different etiologies and among the toxic causes of physical and chemical properties (although manganese is parkinsonism are alcohol (ethanol) withdrawal, methanol, harder and more brittle but less refractory).[5] It has one of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrodine, inhalant the highest industrial uses of all metals, being important in abuse, metals (including manganese, iron and copper), the production of steel and batteries, in water -
Manganese Toxicity May Appear Slowly Over Months and Years
MANGANESE 11 2. RELEVANCE TO PUBLIC HEALTH 2.1 BACKGROUND AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES TO MANGANESE IN THE UNITED STATES Manganese is a naturally occurring element and an essential nutrient. Comprising approximately 0.1% of the earth’s crust, it is the twelfth most abundant element and the fifth most abundant metal. Manganese does not exist in nature as an elemental form, but is found mainly as oxides, carbonates, and silicates in over 100 minerals with pyrolusite (manganese dioxide) as the most common naturally-occurring form. As an essential nutrient, several enzyme systems have been reported to interact with or depend on manganese for their catalytic or regulatory function. As such, manganese is required for the formation of healthy cartilage and bone and the urea cycle; it aids in the maintenance of mitochondria and the production of glucose. It also plays a key role in wound-healing. Manganese exists in both inorganic and organic forms. An essential ingredient in steel, inorganic manganese is also used in the production of dry-cell batteries, glass and fireworks, in chemical manufacturing, in the leather and textile industries and as a fertilizer. The inorganic pigment known as manganese violet (manganese ammonium pyrophosphate complex) has nearly ubiquitous use in cosmetics and is also found in certain paints. Organic forms of manganese are used as fungicides, fuel-oil additives, smoke inhibitors, an anti-knock additive in gasoline, and a medical imaging agent. The average manganese soil concentrations in the United States is 40–900 mg/kg; the primary natural source of the manganese is the erosion of crustal rock. -
Manganese and Its Compounds: Environmental Aspects
This report contains the collective views of an international group of experts and does not necessarily represent the decisions or the stated policy of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organization, or the World Health Organization. Concise International Chemical Assessment Document 63 MANGANESE AND ITS COMPOUNDS: ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS First draft prepared by Mr P.D. Howe, Mr H.M. Malcolm, and Dr S. Dobson, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Monks Wood, United Kingdom The layout and pagination of this pdf file are not identical to the document in print Corrigenda published by 12 April 2005 have been incorporated in this file Published under the joint sponsorship of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organization, and the World Health Organization, and produced within the framework of the Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals. World Health Organization Geneva, 2004 The International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), established in 1980, is a joint venture of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the International Labour Organization (ILO), and the World Health Organization (WHO). The overall objectives of the IPCS are to establish the scientific basis for assessment of the risk to human health and the environment from expos ure to chemicals, through international peer review processes, as a prerequisite for the promotion of chemical safety, and to provide technical assistance in strengthening national capacities for the sound management -
10Neurodevelopmental Effects of Childhood Exposure to Heavy
Neurodevelopmental E¤ects of Childhood Exposure to Heavy Metals: 10 Lessons from Pediatric Lead Poisoning Theodore I. Lidsky, Agnes T. Heaney, Jay S. Schneider, and John F. Rosen Increasing industrialization has led to increased exposure to neurotoxic metals. By far the most heavily studied of these metals is lead, a neurotoxin that is particularly dangerous to the developing nervous system of children. Awareness that lead poison- ing poses a special risk for children dates back over 100 years, and there has been increasing research on the developmental e¤ects of this poison over the past 60 years. Despite this research and growing public awareness of the dangers of lead to chil- dren, government regulation has lagged scientific knowledge; legislation has been in- e¤ectual in critical areas, and many new cases of poisoning occur each year. Lead, however, is not the only neurotoxic metal that presents a danger to children. Several other heavy metals, such as mercury and manganese, are also neurotoxic, have adverse e¤ects on the developing brain, and can be encountered by children. Al- though these other neurotoxic metals have not been as heavily studied as lead, there has been important research describing their e¤ects on the brain. The purpose of the present chapter is to review the neurotoxicology of lead poisoning as well as what is known concerning the neurtoxicology of mercury and manganese. The purpose of this review is to provide information that might be of some help in avoiding repeti- tion of the mistakes that were made in attempting to protect children from the dan- gers of lead poisoning. -
Da UNIVERSIDADE DA BEIRA INTERIOR
da UNIVERSIDADE DA BEIRA INTERIOR ANALYSIS OF ORGANOPHOSPHOROUS PESTICIDES IN POSTMORTEM BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS RAQUEL HELENA CARVALHO SILVA RAPOSO Covilhã, 2009 I UNIVERSIDADE DA BEIRA INTERIOR ANALYSIS OF ORGANOPHOSPHOROUS PESTICIDES IN POSTMORTEM BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS Dissertação apresentada à Universidade da Beira Interior para a obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Bioquímica RAQUEL HELENA CARVALHO SILVA RAPOSO Covilhã, 2009 II Trabalho elaborado sob a supervisão e orientação científica do Mestre Mário João Dias, Director do Serviço de Toxicolgia Forense da Delegação Sul do Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal e da Prof. Doutora María Eugenia Gallardo Alba, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade da Beira Interior III TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures ........................................................................................................................................... VI List of Tables .......................................................................................................................................... VIII Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................................ X Abstract................................................................................................................................................... - 1 - Resumo ................................................................................................................................................... - 3 - Justification and Objectives -
INCORPORATING LOW-DOSE EPIDEMIOLOGY DATA in a CHLORPYRIFOS RISK ASSESSMENT Julie E
Dose-Response: An International Journal Volume 11 | Issue 2 Article 8 6-2013 INCORPORATING LOW-DOSE EPIDEMIOLOGY DATA IN A CHLORPYRIFOS RISK ASSESSMENT Julie E. Goodman Gradient, Cambridge, MA Robyn L. Prueitt Gradient, Cambridge, MA Lorenz R. Rhomberg Gradient, Cambridge, MA Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dose_response Recommended Citation Goodman, Julie E.; Prueitt, Robyn L.; and Rhomberg, Lorenz R. (2013) "INCORPORATING LOW-DOSE EPIDEMIOLOGY DATA IN A CHLORPYRIFOS RISK ASSESSMENT," Dose-Response: An International Journal: Vol. 11 : Iss. 2 , Article 8. Available at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dose_response/vol11/iss2/8 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dose-Response: An International Journal by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Goodman et al.: Low-Dose Epidemiology Data in a Chlorpyrifos Risk Assessment Dose-Response, 11:207–219, 2013 Formerly Nonlinearity in Biology, Toxicology, and Medicine Copyright © 2013 University of Massachusetts ISSN: 1559-3258 DOI: 10.2203/dose-response.12-022.Goodman INCORPORATING LOW-DOSE EPIDEMIOLOGY DATA IN A CHLORPYRIFOS RISK ASSESSMENT Julie E. Goodman, Robyn L. Prueitt, and Lorenz R. Rhomberg ᮀ Gradient, Cambridge, MA ᮀ USEPA assessed whether epidemiology data suggest that fetal or early-life chlorpyrifos exposure causes neurodevelopmental effects and, if so, whether they occur at exposures below those causing the current most sensitive endpoint, 10% inhibition of blood acetyl- cholinesterase (AChE). We previously conducted a hypothesis-based weight-of-evidence analysis and found that a proposed causal association between chlorpyrifos exposure and neurodevelopmental effects in the absence of AChE inhibition does not have a substantial basis in existing animal or in vitro studies, and there is no plausible basis for invoking such effects in humans at their far lower exposure levels. -
Mother/Child Organophosphate and Pyrethroid Distributions T ⁎ Natalia Bravoa, Joan O
Environment International 134 (2020) 105264 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Environment International journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/envint Mother/child organophosphate and pyrethroid distributions T ⁎ Natalia Bravoa, Joan O. Grimalta, , Darja Mazejb, Janja Snoj Tratnikb,c, Dimosthenis Andreas Sarigiannisd, Milena Horvatb,c a Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Department of Environmental Chemistry, Jordi Girona, 18, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain b Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia c International Postgraduate School Jožef Stefan, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia d Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and HERACLES Research Centre on the Exposome and Health, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki University Campus, Bldg. D, Rm 201, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Handling Editor: Adrian Covaci The present study reports one of the few cases in which organophosphate (OP) and pyrethroid (PYR) pesticide Keywords: human exposure is evaluated in family contexts by the analysis of mother/child pair samples. Urinary con- Organophosphorus pesticides centrations of 6 organic metabolites of organophosphates and 2 pyrethroids were measured in mothers and their Pyrethroids 7-to 8-year-old children (n = 168) in a general population from the central area of Slovenia. The results were Human Biomonitoring adjusted for specific gravity and creatinine. Children The most abundant OP metabolite in children was 4-nitrophenol (PNP) (median 0.7 ng/ml) and in mothers Women (0.45 ng/ml), representing parathion exposure. 3-Phenoxibenzoic acid (3-PBA) (0.26 ng/ml), the general me- Child-mother pairs tabolite of pyrethroids, and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPY) (0.16 ng/ml; chlorpyriphos) were the second most abundant compounds in children and mothers, respectively. -
Estimation of Daily Intake and Risk Assessment of Organophosphorus Pesticides Based on Biomonitoring Data
Food and Chemical Toxicology 123 (2019) 57–71 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Food and Chemical Toxicology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/foodchemtox Review Estimation of daily intake and risk assessment of organophosphorus T pesticides based on biomonitoring data – The internal exposure approach Ioanna Katsikantamia,b, Claudio Colosioc, Athanasios Alegakisb, Manolis N. Tzatzarakisb, ∗ Elena Vakonakib, Apostolos K. Rizosa, Dimosthenis A. Sarigiannisd,e,f, Aristides M. Tsatsakisb, a Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, FORTH-IESL, GR-71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece b Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, GR-71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece c Department of Occupational and Environmental Health of the University of Milan, International Centre for Rural Health of the University Hospital San Paolo, S. Paolo Hospital Unit, Via San Vigilio 43, 20142 Milan, Italy d Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece e HERACLES Research Centre on the Exposome and Health, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (KEDEK), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece f Environmental Health Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study IUSS, Pavia, Italy ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Human exposure to pesticides can be estimated through different approaches. The approach adopted in this Biomonitoring study is based on internal dose measures. Studies published during 2001 and 2017 were collected from PubMed Dialkyl phosphates and Scopus databases, filtered and organized. The intake of parent compounds is estimated based on theurinary Estimated daily intake excretion of different OP metabolites applying a mathematical model previously used for similar purposes. Once Health effects defined an Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), risk assessment is performed through comparison with specific Organophosphorus pesticides guideline values and hazard index (HI) is calculated to assess cumulative health risk. -
Manganese Exposure and Toxicity
tion Ef llu fec o ts P f & o l C a o n n r Mirmohammadi, J Pollut Eff Cont 2014, 2:2 t r u o o l Journal of Pollution Effects & Control J DOI: 10.4172/2375-4397.1000116 ISSN: 2375-4397 ReviewResearch Article Article OpenOpen Access Access Manganese Exposure and Toxicity Seyedtaghi Mirmohammadi* Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Sari, Iran Abstract One of the main essential elements for human is Manganese (Mn). Furthermore Mn is a row material for many king of ferrous foundry and there is a working exposure to Mn for workers in the workplaces. High exposure to Mn can result in increase in human tissues levels and neurological effects. Though, there should be some threshold limit value for Mn exposure related to adverse effects may occur and increase with higher exposures further than threshold limit. Conclusions from scientific literatures related to Mn toxicity revealed that this pollutant can effect on brain system and create some neurological disorders or neurological endpoints which measured in many of the occupational health assessments. Many researches have tried to show a relationship regards to biomarkers with neurological effects, such as neurological changes or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes have not been founded for Mn. More precise study need for Mn risk assessment for industrial pollution exposure and it will be used to recognize situations that may guide to understand Mn accumulation on brain and Mn metabolism in different exposed workers. Workplace evaluations for Mn will prepare valuable scientific information for the development of more scientifically sophisticated guidelines, regulations and recommendations for future study and for Mn occupational toxicity control and exposure prevention in the related workplaces. -
Winter 2007–2008
Pesticides and You News from Beyond Pesticides: Protecting Health and the Environment with Science, Policy and Action Volume 27, Number 4 Winter 2007-2008 Facing Scientifi c Realities, Debunking the “Dose Makes the Poison” Myth How Safe is Your Bait? Pesticides May Be Labeled as “Nonvolatile,” But Still Release Poisons into the Air Grounding out Grubs: Managing grubs with prevention and least-toxic strategies The Secret History of the War on Cancer Letter from Washington Danger at (Really) Low Dose Mo�vates changes that reject the use of toxic chemicals arm resul�ng from really low dose exposure to toxic chemicals can be measured in the air, with the excep�on of boric acid, which is now accepted in scien�fic circles. However, the pes�cide is commonly found in bait formula�ons. With the science on low Hregulatory process s�ll does not reflect the science, nor does level exposure and poten�al adverse impact, we know why there it comply with a 1996 statutory requirement that the agency have ought to be concern, especially when the chemical is placed for long in place by now a protocol for evalua�ng pes�cides that may be periods in and around the perimeter of a room in a sealed indoor endocrine disruptors, known to wreak havoc at miniscule doses in environment. Our ar�cle sheds some important light on this topic. developing organ systems. More data emerges year by year. When we do not have all the answers Lab experiments link exposure to brain effects This discussion adds important weight to the already heavy support In this issue of PAY, we print a talk given by Warren Porter, Ph.D., for the precau�onary approach to pest management. -
Alberta Environment
Chemical Fact Sheets Manganese, Mn CAS No. 7439-96-5 WHAT IS MANGANESE? Manganese is a gray-pink metal. USES Manganese is used in the manufacture of ceramics, matches, glass, dyes and welding rods. It is a component of steel, steel alloys, cast iron, superalloys & nonferrous alloys, as well as a chemical intermediate for high purity salts. Manganese is used as a purifying & scavenging agent in metal production. SOURCES Manganese is a naturally occurring substance found in many types of rock; it is ubiquitous in the environment and found in low levels in water air, soil, and food. It is commonly found in the environment as a result of its use in the manufacture of the above-noted materials. ENVIRONMENTAL LEVELS AND EXPOSURE Exposure to manganese might include: • Inhaling it in ambient air, particularly near industries involved in the manufacture of manganese-containing materials. Occupational exposure via inhalation is most common. Ambient air concentrations of manganese were not reported in 1997 or 1998 in Alberta. ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND BEHAVIOUR • Manganese, as an aerosol, may dissolve upon contact with water on a time scale of a few minutes. TOXICITY • Manganese is an element considered essential to human health. • Inhalation of manganese compounds in aerosols or fine dusts may cause "metal fume fever”. MANGANESE Page 1 of 2 • Early symptoms of chronic manganese poisoning may include languor, sleepiness and weakness in the legs. Emotional disturbances such as uncontrollable laughter and a spastic gait with tendency to fall in walking are common in more advanced cases. • Chronic manganese poisoning is not a fatal disease. -
Ip for Persistent Chemicals Found in Breast Milk
103 5. List of References Aarts JMMJG, Denison MS, Cox MA, et al. 1995. Species-specific antagonism of Ah receptor action by 2,2',5,5'-tetrachloro- and 2,2',3,3',4,4'-hexachlorobiphenyl. Eur J Pharmacol 293:463–474. *Abadin HG, Hibbs BF, Pohl HR. 1997. Breast-feeding exposure of infants to cadmium, lead, and mercury: A public health viewpoint. Toxicol Ind Health 13(4):495–517. Abbott BD, Birnbaum LS. 1989. Cellular alterations and enhanced induction of cleft palate after coadministration of retinoic acid and TCDD. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 99:287–301. *Abbott BD, Perdew GH, Birnbaum LS. 1994. Ah receptor in embryonic mouse palate and effects of TCDD on receptor expression. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 126:16–25. Abbott BD, Schmid JE, Pitt JA, et al. 1999. Adverse reproductive outcomes in the transgenic Ah receptor-deficient mouse. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 155:62–70. Abnet CC, Tanguay RL, Heideman W, et al. 1999. Transactivation activity of human, zebrafish, and rainbow trout aryl hydrocarbon receptors expressed in COS-7 cells: Greater insight into species differences in toxic potency of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin, dibenzofuran, and biphenyl congeners. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 159:41–51. Adami H-O, Lipworth L, Titus-Ernstoff L, et al. 1995. Organochlorine compounds and estrogen-related cancers in women. Cancer Causes Control 6:551–566. Ahlborg UG, Lipworth L, Titus-Ernstoff L, et al. 1995. Organochlorine compounds in relation to breast cancer, endometrial cancer, and endometriosis: An assessment of the biological and epidemiological evidence. Crit Rev Toxicol 25(6):463–531. *Allen JR, Norback DH. 1976.