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Pipiza Platbekken Tz Kleine Tot Middelgrote, Overwegend Zwarte Zweefvliegen (5- 10 Mm) Met Een Vlak Gezicht

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Pipiza Platbekken Tz Kleine Tot Middelgrote, Overwegend Zwarte Zweefvliegen (5- 10 Mm) Met Een Vlak Gezicht de nederlandse zweefvliegen Pipiza Platbekken tz Kleine tot middelgrote, overwegend zwarte zweefvliegen (5- 10 mm) met een vlak gezicht. Achterlijf met doorgaans een, soms geen of twee paar gele (soms wittige) vlekken op rug- plaatjes 2(-3) en buikplaatje 2 vaak geel. Vleugels veelal met een donkere vlek in het midden. Antennes donker, het derde lid nooit verlengd. Voorhoofd bij de antenne-inplan- ting vooruitspringend en bij de vrouwtjes meestal met dui- delijke stofvlekken. Taxonomie en determinatie Determinatie van Pipiza-soorten is berucht, omdat veel soor- ten uitsluitend op kleurkenmerken gedetermineerd kunnen worden die sterk variabel blijken te zijn. Daarbij komt dat verschillende auteurs elkaar op sommige punten tegenspre- ken. Een praktisch probleem is dat bij verse exemplaren de verdonkering op de vleugeleen belangrijk determinatieken- merkvaak nog afwezig is. Anders dan bij andere Pipizini bie- den ook de mannelijke genitaliën weinig uitkomst. Vier exemplaren van Pelecocera Pelecocera tricincta Deze problemen hebben ons ertoe gebracht determinaties vrij zeldzaam tricincta op de bloem van een van Pipiza volgens een eigen tabel te verrichten (BARENDREGT zeer hoge aantallen gele composiet. Twee ervan laten >1950: geen trend & ZEEGERS 2005), die gebaseerd is op Van der Goot (1981); voor de maaltijd even links liggen <1950: meer mannetjes is deze gebaseerd op Violovitsh (1985), aange- voor een paring. Deze soort vuld met Stubbs & Falk (2002) (P. fenestrata). Vijf min of kan vrij talrijk zijn bij heide en meer zeldzame inheemse soorten bleken bij herdetermina- naaldbos, maar het is nog geheel tie goed herkenbaar, te weten P. austriaca, P. festiva, P. lugu- onbekend waar de larven leven. bris, P. luteitarsis en P. quadrimaculata. Pipiza fenestrata is volgens ons een goede soort. Tenslotte lijkt er tussen de algemeenste soorten P. bimaculata en P. noctiluca niet meer dan een diffuse grens te trekken. Verlinden (1991) geeft van alle soorten goede figuren van naar onze mening karakte- ristieke exemplaren. Onze interpretatie van de diverse soorten lichten wij bij de soortbesprekingen toe. Taxa die wij niet als soorten erkennen zijn P. signata en P. notata (naar onze mening vermoedelijk beide synoniemen van P. bimaculata). Met de opname van veldwaarnemingen (niet ondersteund □ voor 1950 ◯ 1950 t/m 1989 door collectie-exemplaren) zijn we terughoudend geweest: ⦁ 1990 t/m 2007 alle veldwaarnemingen van zeldzame soorten buiten het be- kende verspreidingsgebied of de bekende vliegtijd zijn niet opgenomen. bloeien maar weinig bloemen in de vliegperiode van P. tri- cincta; het voorkomen (en zeker het vinden) zou daarom Verspreiding wel eens bepaald kunnen worden door de plaatsen waar Holarctisch genus, met in het palearctisch gebied 20-25 bloemen staan. Pelecocera tricincta vliegt laag tussen de ve- soorten. Hiervan zijn zo’n tien soorten alleen uit Siberië getatie en bezoekt gele komposieten of bloeiende struikhei. bekend (Violovitsh 1985) en vijf soorten uitsluitend uit Japan Mannetjes zitten op de kroonblaadjes met de kop naar het (PECK 1988). Een uit Siberië beschreven soort (P. accola Violo- hart van de bloem te wachten tot er een vrouwtje komt vitsh, 1985) is inmiddels in Europa gevonden (WOLFF 1998A). eten. Dan bespringen een of meerdere mannetjes het Uit Noord-Amerika zijn elf soorten bekend (Coovert 1996), vrouwtje (zie ook KEHLMAIER 2002A). De paring vindt plaats op uit Europa ongeveer tien, uit Nederland acht. 30 ♂ 24 de bloem. Zowel mannetjes als vrouwtjes rusten regelmatig 18 12 met de kop omlaag op grassprieten. Eileg is nooit waarge- Ecologie 6 nomen. De vliegen zitten met de vleugels in een V-vorm gespreid op J F M A M J J A S O N D De onvolwassen stadia zijn onbekend. bladeren van bomen en struiken, of ook, maar minder, tus- 6 12 sen kruiden en op bloemen. Er worden meer vrouwtjes dan 18 24 Summary – Scarce. More common before 1950, no trend mannetjes waargenomen. Zweefgedrag is alleen bekend van 30 ♀ since. Dry coniferous forest and heathland. Most records P. luteitarsis. Mannetjes van andere soorten maken snelle, Pelecocera tricincta from yellow Asteraceae. grillige patrouillevluchten langs struiken of dicht boven de Zeegers 2009. In: Nederlandse Fauna 8: 278-283 278 hoofdstuk 10 soortbesprekingen grond. Ze doen hierbij denken aan groefbijtjes van het ge- De soort wordt vooral op bladeren van bomen en struiken nus Lasioglossum. gevonden, maar er zijn waarnemingen van bloembezoek op De larven leven als predatoren van wolluizen (families Pem- diverse plantensoorten, relatief vaak op schermbloemen (DE phigidae en Adelgidae), vooral op bomen (DUšEK & KRIšTEK 1959, BUCK 1990). ROJO & Marcos-GarcÍA 1997, ROTHERAY 1987, 1993), maar ze zijn ook De larve is gekweekt als predator van wolluizen, maar ook gevonden bij gewone bladluizen (R OTHERAY 1993). Mogelijk heb- van de bladluis Cavariella op gewone berenklauw (R OTHERAY ben sommige soorten Pipiza een veel breder prooispectrum 1993). Goeldlin de Tiefenau (1974) vermeldt de soort van dan men vroeger dacht. In gevangenschap zijn waarnemin- bladluizen op gele gentiaan, Bombosch (1963) vermeldt de gen bekend van Pipiza-larven die zich voedden met larven soort van wikke. van Epistrophe- en Syrphus-soorten (pers. obs. M. Reemer & W. van Steenis). Summary – Scarce. Less common before 1950, no trend since. Deciduous forest on rich soil and calcareous grass- Pipiza austriaca lands. Knobbeldijplatbek tz Pipiza bimaculata Grote donkere Pipiza met kort breed derde antennelid, dui- Fijngestippelde platbek tz delijke vlek in vleugel die aan de kant van de vleugeltop niet scherp begrensd is en knobbel onderaan knotsvormig uit- Kleine slanke Pipiza met donkere tarsen, heldere vleugels einde van achterdij. Achterlijf overwegend licht behaard en en doorgaans kleine vlekken op achterlijf. Mannetje met uniform zwart of met kleine vlekken op rugplaatje 2. Leng- donkerbehaard gezicht en doorgaans grotendeels donkerbe- te 8-10 mm. haard achterlijf (inclusief merendeel van rugplaatje 2). Ver- schil met P. noctiluca niet altijd duidelijk. Lengte 5-8,5 Verspreiding en vliegtijd mm. Palearctisch. Van West-Europa tot in Japan. In Europa van Scandinavië en de Britse Eilanden tot in Bulgarije. In Verspreiding en vliegtijd Groot-Brittannië aanzienlijk algemener dan bij ons (BALL & Palearctisch. Van Ierland tot in Mongolië. In heel Midden- MORRIS 2000) en ook in België wijd verspreid (VERLINDEN 1991). en Noord-Europa, uit het Middellandse-Zeegebied slechts In Nederland vrij zeldzaam in Zuid- en Midden-Limburg, bekend uit Spanje en Joegoslavië. lokaal vrij talrijk. In de rest van het zuidoosten van ons land In Nederland vrij algemeen in lage aantallen in de duinen, zeldzaam en in lage aantallen. Er zijn incidentele waarne- Zuid-Limburg en in grote delen van de binnenlandse zand- mingen uit de duinen. gronden. In het kustgebied zeldzaam. Twee generaties. Twee generaties. Ecologie Ecologie Pipiza austriaca is gevonden in loofbossen op mineraalrijke Vooral in loofbos en aan bosranden en dan met name van bodem en op kalkgraslanden. Hij lijkt zich daarbij vooral loofbossen op mineraalrijke bodem met kruidenrijke on- op de overgangen van bos met grasland op te houden, net dergroei. Uit armer loofbos (zoals eiken-berkenbos) zijn als in Engeland (STUBBS & FALK 2002). weinig vondsten bekend. Pipiza austriaca Pipiza bimaculata vrij zeldzaam vrij algemeen lage aantallen lage aantallen >1950: geen trend geen trendgegevens <1950: minder 40 ♂ 32 24 16 8 J F M A M J J A S O N D 8 16 24 32 40 ♀ Pipiza austriaca 90 ♂ 72 54 36 18 J F M A M J J A S O N D 18 36 □ voor 1950 □ voor 1950 54 ◯ 1950 t/m 1989 ◯ 1950 t/m 1989 72 ⦁ 1990 t/m 2007 ⦁ 1990 t/m 2007 90 ♀ Pipiza bimaculata Zeegers 2009. In: Nederlandse Fauna 8: 278-283 279 de nederlandse zweefvliegen De imago’s zitten op zonbeschenen bladeren van struiken. Zuid-Limburg komen de soorten naast elkaar voor. De Als bloembezoek worden zowel bloeiende bomen en strui- vindplaatsen zijn vaak mineraalrijk. ken als kruiden gemeld. Eén generatie in het voorjaar, mogelijk een kleine tweede Drie larven zijn op 1 mei 2007 gevonden in het Amster- generatie in de nazomer. damse Bos bij bladluiskolonies op gewone vogelkers. Tij- dens het opkweken van de larven negeerden deze de aange- Ecologie boden bladluizen, terwijl vier keer is vastgesteld dat ze Pipiza fenestrata wordt gevonden in loofbossen op mineraal- Epistrophe-larven aanvielen en leegzogen. Eén van de larven rijke bodem zoals hellingbossen en elzenbroekbossen en wordt kwam uit op 10 mei 2008, de andere twee kwamen niet uit vooral op bladeren van struiken waargenomen. De soort kan (pers. obs. M. Reemer). dieper in het bos voorkomen dan andere Pipiza-soorten. De onvolwassen stadia zijn onbekend. Summary – Fairly common. No apparent trends. Decid- uous forest, mainly on rich soil. Summary – Scarce. No apparent trends. Deciduous forest on rich soil. Pipiza fenestrata Vliegerplatbek tz Pipiza festiva Geelbuikplatbek tz Grote lichtgekleurde Pipiza die qua kenmerken tussen P. noctiluca en P. festiva in staat. Achterlijf met een paar grote, Grote Pipiza. Rugplaatje 2 met grote heldergele vlekken, hoekige, witgele vlekken met vaak daarachter nog een smal- soms tot band versmolten. Voortarsen geheel geel, overige ler tweede paar. Voortarsen geel met laatste een of twee tarsen overwegend geel. Vrouwtje met duidelijke vlek in leedjes donker. Vleugels helder of (bij vrouwtjes) met vage vleugel, achterlijf opvallend goudgeel behaard, bij het man- donkere vlek. Mannetjes te onderscheiden van P. noctiluca netje met weinig zwarte haren. Lengte 9-10 mm. aan wit behaard gezicht en uitgebreide lichte beharing op rugplaatje 2, vrouwtjes door vliegervormige achterlijf. Voor- Verspreiding en vliegtijd rand van rugplaatje 4 niet of nauwelijks zwart behaard (BA- Palearctisch. Van West-Europa tot aan de Stille Oceaan. In RENDREGT & ZEEGERS 2005). Lengte 9-10,5 mm. Europa van Nederland tot de Middellandse Zee, het tal- rijkst in het zuiden. Verspreiding en vliegtijd In Nederland zeldzaam en in zeer lage aantallen in de Hol- Europees. Verspreiding moeilijk te geven vanwege verschil- landse duinen en langs de Maas in Limburg. Daarnaast en- lende interpretaties van de soort.
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