RESEARCH ARTICLE Using Stable Isotopes of Carbon and Nitrogen to Mark Wild Populations of Anopheles and Aedes Mosquitoes in South- Eastern Tanzania Mercy A. Opiyo1,2*, Gabriel L. Hamer3, Dickson W. Lwetoijera1, Lisa D. Auckland4, Silas Majambere1,2,5, Fredros O. Okumu1,6 1 Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Thematic Group, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania, 2 Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom, a11111 3 Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America, 4 Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America, 5 Innovative Vector Control Consortium, Liverpool, United Kingdom, 6 School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Republic of South Africa *
[email protected] OPEN ACCESS Abstract Citation: Opiyo MA, Hamer GL, Lwetoijera DW, Auckland LD, Majambere S, Okumu FO (2016) Using Background Stable Isotopes of Carbon and Nitrogen to Mark Wild Marking wild mosquitoes is important for understanding their ecology, behaviours and role Populations of Anopheles and Aedes Mosquitoes in South-Eastern Tanzania. PLoS ONE 11(7): in disease transmission. Traditional insect marking techniques include using fluorescent e0159067. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0159067 dyes, protein labels, radioactive labels and tags, but such techniques have various limita- Editor: João Pinto, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina tions; notably low marker retention and inability to mark wild mosquitoes at source. Stable Tropical, PORTUGAL isotopes are gaining wide spread use for non-invasive marking of arthropods, permitting Received: February 24, 2016 greater understanding of mosquito dispersal and responses to interventions.