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Förändringar I Tk:S Lista Palearctic and North America

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Förändringar I Tk:S Lista Palearctic and North America FORSKNING Taxonomi (långversion) the scoters, genus Oidemia (Melanitta). Auk 31: 293–308. Garner, M., Lewington, I. och Rosenberg, G. 2004. Stejneger’s Scoter in the Western Förändringar i Tk:s lista Palearctic and North America. Birding World 17: 337–347. Rapport 10 från Taxonomikommittén Hartert, E. 1920. Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna: Systematische Übersicht der in Europa, Nord-Asien und der mittelmeerregion vordommenden Vögel. Heft XI-XII (Bd. II, Här redogörs för de senaste besluten inom Bird- 5-6). R. Friedländer & Sons, Berlin. Life Sveriges Taxonomikommitté (Tk). vilka togs Myres, M. T. 1959. Display behavior of Buffle- head, scoters, and goldeneyes at copulation. på ett möte i december 2018 på Getterön. Detta Wilson Bull. 71: 59–168. är den fullständiga rapporten, inkluderande refe- Reeber, S. 2015. Wildfowl of Europe, Asia and North America. Helm, London renser. En kortare version finns i Vår Fågelvärld nummer 2/2019. Tk:s Västpalearktislista har Ändrat vetenskapligt artepitet på dvärgskarv och skedsnäppa uppdaterats med samtliga förändringar och he- Stavningen pygmeus på dvärgskarv och ter nu VP5. Likaså har Namnlistan över svenska pygmea på skedsnäppa är felstavningar fågelnamn på alla världens arter uppdaterats, vilket kräver emendation till korrekt latin. Dvärgskarv ska således stavas Microcarbo efter att IOC publicerat sin version 9.1. Alla Tk:s pygmaeus och skedsnäppa Calidris pyg- rapporter och listor finns på birdlife.se/tk. maea. text Markus Lagerqvist, Erling Jirle, Tommy Tyrberg och Johan Fromholtz Referenser: Sibirisk knölsvärta och svärta till HBW Alive, Howard & Moore vol. 4 Errata och vänster strax bakom. IOC 9.1. FOTO: NIKLAS ANDERSSON Umeå, maj 2018. Knölsvärtan delas upp i två arter Knölsvärta, Melanitta deglandi (med un- Mindre rörhöna får ändrat släktesnamn FOTO:NIKLAS ANDERSSON derarterna deglandi och stejnegeri) skildes Molekylärbiologiska studier (Sangster, från svärta Melanitta fusca av Tk 2007, och landi (White-winged Scoter) och sibirisk kantig eller trappformad i profil, med hög- dessa två fåglar var samma som 2017. Av García-R och Trewick, 2015) visar att denna uppdelning finns hos flera världslis- knölsvärta Melanitta stejnegeri (Siberian sta punkten av hjässan ovanför ögat, och sibirisk knölsvärta finns ett godkänt fynd; släktet Gallinula inte är monofyletiskt utan tor och handböcker. Scoter). en kantig näbbknöl. Näbbfärgen är mer Utlängan, Blekinge 3/5 2012, 5/5 2014 och består av fyra större linjer. Särskilt mindre Nu delas knölsvärtan i sin tur upp i två De tre allopatriska svärtorna fusca, skärröd än orangeröd. 25/4 2015, som räknas som samma fågel. rörhöna skiljer ut sig, och är syster till en arter, vilket de faktiskt var från början när deglandi och stejnegeri kan skiljas åt i alla Det verkar inte som om man kan Sedan finns det fyra ännu ogranskade fynd klad bestående av hela släktet Fulica och Svärta Melanitta fusca utanför Umeå i maj 2018. de beskrevs. Bonaparte beskrev deglandi åldrar och kön genom dräktskillnader, använda eventuella läten som artskiljande från 2018: Skummeslövsstrand, Halland; alla andra arter inom nuvarande Gallinula. FOTO: NIKLAS ANDERSSON 1850 och Ridgway beskrev stejnegeri som näbbens färg och form samt formen på karaktär, eftersom knölsvärtor oftast är Hornsudden, Öland; Hörnefors, Väster- Det finns flera sätt att lösa detta problem. en egen art 1887. Denna uppdelning på huvudet. Klinal variation är okänd, och helt tysta, även under hanars uppvakt- botten samt Degerhamn, Öland. En av lösningarna innebär namnbyte på tre arter följdes fram till att både Dwight det finns uppenbarligen inga rapporter på ning av honor (Myres 1958, Brown och sex arter. För att minimera taxonomisk (1914) och Hartert (1920) lumpade de hybrider, vilket är ovanligt bland andfåglar Fredrickson 1997). Referenser: instabilitet och kunna behålla Fulica och tre taxa fusca, deglandi och stejnegeri till och också talar för att de bör betraktas Häckningsutbredningen är allopatrisk. Brown, P. W., och Fredrickson, L. H. 1997. White- Gallinula som separata släkten flyttas en art. Medan fusca fortsatte att erkän- som goda arter. Sibirisk knölsvärta häckar från Jenisej i winged Scoter (Melanitta fusca) i: The Birds mindre rörhöna till ett eget, monotypiskt nas som en egen art skild från deglandi Även om deglandi och stejnegeri är Sibirien österut till Kamtjatka och söderut of North America (A. Poole and F. Gill, red.), släkte; Paragallinula, och får namnet Pa- av många, betraktades från och med nu mer lika varandra än vad de är gentemot ner till Mongoliet och Kazakstan. Ameri- nr 274. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia. ragallinula angulata. Para betyder ”vid Collinson, M., D. T. Parkin, A. G. Knox, G. Sibirisk knölsvärta Melanitta stejnegeri utanför stejnegeri allmänt som en underart till de- fusca finns det ändå ett antal diagnostiska kansk knölsvärta häckar i Nordamerika. sidan om”. Sangster, and A. J. Helbig. 2006. Species Umeå i maj 2018. glandi. Frågan är varför exempelvis exem- karaktärer som skiljer hannar av deglandi Det finns en lucka mellan dem i området FOTO: MAGNUS HELLSTRÖM limits within the genus Melanitta, the scoters. pelvis Hartert lumpade dem. Det verkar och fusca åt. Hannar av sibirisk knölsvärta kring Berings sund, beroende på att de Brit. Birds 99: 183–201. inte ha varit av vetenskapliga skäl. Hartert har päronformad huvudprofil med flack båda föredrar tajga och inte öppen tundra. del Hoyo, J., Collar, N. och Kirwan, G.M. 2019. TERMER Genetiskt språk (1920) lumpade även amerikansk kärrhök övergång mellan hjässa och panna, svarta Däremot överlappar övervintringsområ- White-winged Scoter och Siberian Scoter. i: hudsonius och blå kärrhök cyaneus utan flanker, ofta något längre och tunnare dena, exempelvis vid Gambell i Alaska, där del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, Det språk som används inom genetik och förklaring. ögonfläck, mer markant näbbköl (knöl), de kan förekomma i blandflockar. D.A. och de Juana, E. (red.). Handbook of när det gäller artbildning innehåller många the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, termer som kan vara svåra att förstå. Både HBW Alive och Reeber 2015 gul underkant på orangeröda näbbspetsen Det finns två fynd av amerikansk Barcelona. För förklaring av termer som sympatrisk anser dem utgöra tre arter, vilket alltså och har mindre svart längs undernäbbens knölsvärta i Sverige; Röder, Uppland 13/5, Dunn, J. 2019-A-16 N&MA Classification Com- utbredning, allopatrisk utbredning, para- även Tk väljer att göra. Knölsvärtan delas kanter, medan amerikansk knölsvärta Svenska Högarna, Uppland 14/5–28/6 fyletisk, klad, fenotyp, assortativ parning, Melanitta deglandi mittee sid. 80. Split White-winged Scoter Amerikansk knölsvärta abiotisk m.fl. se www.birdlife.se/tk/ordlista. fotograferad i Seattle på den amerikanska således upp i två monotypiska arter; har rostbrunare flanker, mer bruntonade 2017 och Svenska Högarna, Uppland Melanitta fusca into two or three species. västkusten. amerikansk knölsvärta Melanitta deg- skapularer och en huvudform som är mer 14–26/5 2018 (2 ex.). Rk bedömer att Dwight, J. 1914. The moults and plumages of 1 vår fågelvärld | 2.2019 vår fågelvärld | 2.2019 2 FORSKNING Taxonomi (långversion) FOTO: LARS SVENSSON FOTO: LARS SVENSSON Det finns ännu inga 2. Amerikansk tornuggla Tyto furcata göra ytterligare förändringar, trots att ge- (American Barn Owl). Förekommer på netiska studier visade på en djup genetisk godkända fynd av hela den amerikanska kontinenten från klyfta mellan två varfågel-klader på var- beringvarfågel i Sverige. Kanada i norr till Eldslandet i söder, inklu- dera sidan Jenisej i Sibirien (Olsson m.fl. Från Norge finns ett god- sive på öar i Västindien och Galápagos och 2010). Så kallad ”DNA-streckkodning” omfattar raserna pratincola, guatemalae, har även visat att amerikansk törnskata känt fynd. bondi, niveicauda, furcata, nigrescens, insu- L. ludovicianus (Loggerhead Shrike) och Referenser: laris, bargei, contempta, hellmayri, tuidara varfågel i Nordamerika är närmare släkt García-R J.C., Gibb G.C. och Trewick S.A. 2014. och punctatissima. Raserna glaucops från med varandra än med varfågel i Europa Deep global evolutionary radiation in birds: Hispaniola och punctatissima från Galápa- (Johnsen m.fl. 2010). Diversification and trait evolution in the gos är systertaxa till övriga raser och kan De fyra ledande världslistorna har cosmopolitan bird family Rallidae. Molec. möjligen förtjäna artstatus och nigrescens därefter alla valt föra dessa klader till Phylogen. Evol. 81: 96–108. Sangster, G., García-R, J. C. och Trewick, S. A. från Dominica och insularis från Små An- två arter. Trots att det fortfarande finns 2015. A new genus for the Lesser Moorhen tillerna var inte inkluderade i studien. mycket som är oklart inom varfågel- Gallinula angulata Sundevall, 1850 (Aves, 3. Östlig tornuggla Tyto javanica komplexet väljer Tk att följa konsensus Rallidae). European J. Taxonomy 153: 1–8. (Eastern Barn Owl). Förekommer inom och ge artstatus till beringvarfågel L. ett stort område från Pakistan österut till borealis (Northern Shrike). Till varfågel Artförändringar inom Samoaöarna i Stilla havet och omfattar förs framöver endast de två underarterna tornugglekomplexet raserna delicatula, interposita, javanica, excubitor och homeyeri (inkl. leucopte- Allt fler studier visar att den kosmopo- lifuensis, lulu, nigrobrunnea, rosenbergii, rus). Till beringvarfågel förs förutom den litiska tornugglan bör delas upp i flera stertens och sumbaensis, samt preliminärt nordamerikanska nominatrasen borealis arter. Hittills
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