Durham E-Theses
The siting and layout of native settlements in the north east of England
Middleton, Paul R.
How to cite: Middleton, Paul R. (1966) The siting and layout of native settlements in the north east of England, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/9550/
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Academic Support O ce, Durham University, University O ce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk PART 2 MAES AMD DIAGRAMS Page
LIST OF MAPS i
1 Horth-Weat England Solid Geology 177 2 Lake District Geology and native sites 178 5 East of Carlisle Soil Texture and native sites 179 *fr North Northumberland Fluvio-Glacial Sand and Gravel and native sites 180 5 Rothbury Drift Geology 181 6 Northumberland Solid Geology, Carboniferous Limestone, Coal Measures and native sites 182 7 Tyne Corridor - siting and native sites 183 8 Durham Drift Geology 18^ 9 Alnwick and Rothbury Drift Geology 185 10 North Northumberland Solid Geology, Ordovician Silur&an, Cementstone and native sites 186 11 Northumberland and Durham Igneous Rocks and native sites 187 12 North Northumberland Fell Sandstone and native sites 188 13 Northumberland Solid Geology, Scrciaerston Coal, Millstone Grit, and native sites 189 14 Mid-West Northumnerland Relief, Drainage and native sites 190 15 Durham Solid Geology, Millstone Grit, Kagneoian Limestone, Bunter Sandstone and native sites 191 16 Durham Solid Geology, Goal Measures, Carbon• iferous Limestone and native sites 192 17 North England Rainfall and native sites 193 18 Durham Land Quality and native sites 19^ 19 Northumberland Land Quality and native sites 193
i Rage 20 North Hexham Land Use and native sites 196 21 Alnwick Land Use and native sites 197 22 Appleby Land Use and Native sites 198 23 Cumberland, Westmorland, Durham and Lancs-North-of-tho-Sands defended native sites 199
2k Crosby Ravenev/orth and Asby 3iting of native settlements 200 23 North England defended native sites 201 26 North- Northumberland Belief and native sites ' 202 2? North Cheviot Relief and Drainage and native sites 1 203 28 North Tynedale Relief and native sites 20k 29 Northumberland native site groups and Soman sites 205 30 North Cheviot Aspect and Intervisibility of native sites 206 31 Crosby Ravensv/orth and Asby Aspect and Intervisibility and native sites 207 32 Eellingham/Kirkwhelpington Aspect and Intervisibility and native sites 208 33 North Cheviot Groups from Triangular Graph209 3k Bellingham/Kirkwhelpington Groups frora Triangular Graph 210 33 Crosby Havensworth and Asby Groups from Triangular Graph 211 36 Westmorland Roman and native A and B 212 37 Westmorland Population Potential 21k 38 Westmorland Population Potential Isoline Map215 39 Northumberland Population Potential Isoline Map 216 Page ho Horth Northumberland Roman-Native Relationships 21? M North Northumberland Stone-Built Settlements and Roman Forts 218
iii Page LIST OF DIAGRAMS
1 Stratigraphy of Mosses of Peat in Lonsdale, ilorth Lancashire 30 2 North England defended sites Height and Acreage 219 3 Westmorland Parish Height comparisons 220 k North England defended sites and Density 221 5 North Cheviot site Height analysis A and B 222 6 Significance in different parts of the Triangle 224 7 North Cheviot Accumulative Aspect Graph 225 8 Bellingham/Kirkwhelpington Accumulative Aspect Graph 226 9 Crosby Ravensworth and Asby Accumulative Aspect Graph 227 10 North Cheviot sites plotting three variables by weighting 22.8 11 North Cheviot sites Major Groupings 229 12 Bellingham/Kirla/helpington sites Major Groupings A and B 230 13 Bellingham/Kirfo.'helpington plotting three variables by weighting 231 1^ Crosby Revensworth and Asby plotting three variables by weighting 232 15 Crosby Ravensworth and Asby sites Major Groupings 233 16 Area Comparisons 1 23*f 1? Area Comparisons 2 23£ 18 Area Comparisons 3 236 19 BellinghariV'Kirkwhelpington Height and Intervisibility 237
iv 20 Northumberland Roman/Native Relationship 21 North Northumberland Stone-Built Settlements and Roman Forte 1
MAPS
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-177- MAP 2
LAKE DISTRICT GEOLOGY AND NATIVE SITES Borrowdale Volcanic Margin
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uJ o < < o o o O t 0 CD O o o o o o o o w i_ ll8l -1c2- TYNi wo 1 J LIMITS OF FARMLAND m 1/ SAND AND GRAVEL AND ALLUVIUM i • 1 So (id and Gravel Alluvium Modern Settlement o Native Sit* -1 - •••• 1 is 3 i r X. t i 1 K*. >**' : I •A \ J. 1 J • r t Iffy » 18 ; MAP 10 NORTH•NORTHUMBERLAND SOLID GEOLOGY ANB . NATIVE SITES 4 CfciMfcKtstOftfc + + fkftve Sites ffW. -186- MAP 11 v. it fe -i : WM CM i nun i _ • ? r 1 \ I \ 187 MAP 12 -188- MAP 13 .; NORTHUMBERLAND S'OLID GEOLOGY AND NATIVE SITES icffeiKtrston. Cad- a Mm Sites 1 1 1 1 7T 1 6 MlltS 189 MAP *\h -190- MAP 15 ! v •a A V V V V \ \ \v \ J .1 ) Y*. O i • UJ r ft * 1 \ ^ oA \ UJ ( UJ ZU1 UJ ( 1 V in 2!C. h- Q 13 UJ 2 -j rH f -i I 191 MP 16 DURHAM SOLID GEOLOGY AND NATIVE SITES o V 3 o o 6 o -4 0 \7 7 1 1 -192- MAP 17 25 'IfllNFflLL rim DEFENDED mm ft •pi 3A \ 1 J.\? A. J 5\ 35 f r- i r S \ 4 • •* > i 1 • * 9 s / Si,' 9» IV,NYI I 14 itl III 193 m r i )I • NORTHUMBERLAND LAND QUALITY AND NATIVE SITES Good Quality Y J Medium Quality | .•j Poor Quality | | Very Poor Quality MAP 20 • V 7 A *1 % ^ Heath and Grassland Forest and Heath Moorland arable Native Site -196- MAP 21 ALNWICK LAND USE AND NATIVE SITES o o ft o o oo o o o a —1 O o o o o o o o o o -197- IuAP afi r. < r> J~ i ! » Legend as in Maps 20 & 21 193 MAP 23 Oc a -j UJ o 0 A \ 1 5 3 Q ! -199- MAP 2k LEGEND Rocky- Ground Cliff | 0 | Spring \ o Native 3ite Site Number v— Water Source MAP 25 NOHTH BRITAIN DEFENSIVE SITES Multivnlblc f • f V Univallate KrtVM Over three acres internal urea X y r \ —AJu v— ?O rt / s 3 ,1 US f If r r I }-• *t 4 10 X: Mile* -201- MAP 26 NORTH NCRTHUMPEhi A\ 1 ' RELIEF AND NATIVE : T\~- r? J, e3 1 is? From VCK XIV < Miles L irrv -202- MAP 27 203 MAP 28 o Nativ* SiU -20k- MAP 29 \ \ \ ) \ -205- MAP 30 * 0 «1 -206- 1 ft a r. •i f Legend as in Map 30 207 * * .A •M i h •- i - X 1 i 1 m m i r ! Legend as in Map 30 I 1 CM i J 4 1 NORTH CHEVIOT GROUPS FROM TRIANGULAR GRAPH I 4 4 lq : 8 =>3>. — 9 i Miles 209 KAF 5k I I © (3> ® © - '1 © -210- MAP 35 © © © Q I rl) © in © 00 CO © © —i I-IAP 36 A WESTMORLAND - ROMAN AMD NATIVE 8 Kirkby Thoie enthorpe 01 OP r Brouqh Ambleside °»watercrook i "•Overbrough 10 • Roman Miles Native -212- MAP 36 E V • ) • MAP 37 WESTMORLAND - POPULATION POTENTIAL. 4-6 ®Brough 22 23 8 8 Ambleside 81 •Walercrook 7-5 98 •Overbrough • Roman Fort IO o Native Site Miles -214- MAP 58 Jib •A-MLAND POPULATION POTENTIAL lb^L.\E V I 10 10 1 10 30 10 30 40 JO 50 60 20 70 80 30 4-050 70 10 3.0 10 10 Miles I 1 1 I"" ! -215- MAP 39 v- -21** o h Low ster St ??.* Bui,, Sew e ">?m on r orts 21? MAP Jf1 f|* NO0THUM»€P * . HI BUILT StT 7 LtMf* 1 -213- DIAGRAMS DIAGRAM 2 NORTH ENGLAND DEFENDED SITES LEGE N D . HEIGHT AND ACREAGE 2%, ' 0 'of • D D HILLFORT O » PROMONTORY SITE RING AND RECTANGULAR OVAL SITE SITE 1200 , HEIGHT y 1000 ! i I ABOVE i 800 Ml MEAN 600 SEA '+00 yl LEVEL yy OS! mil 200 I IN l 6 FEET 2 ACRES DIAGRAM 3 WESTMORLAND-PAR I5H HEIGHT I300i o COMPARISONS 9CO o o o UJ o Ul 00 o o o X o o o o UJ 500 x UJ O < cc UJ > < IOO 8 NUMBER OF SITES prrrv -220- DIAGRAM k Hm TA:-j A NO LrFN si TV LEGEND Number represents density of sites within the square soo- UJ u. z «1 H _) ui > S{ 6oof :::JISf^ <2 UJ 2 > o to < i O 400 uJ X 200 t AC R US -221- DIAGRAM 5 A NORTH CHEVIOT - SITE HEibHT ANA. Be!8 Threestone 10 Burn o 8 9 1 "863 8 O' •728 oo1 ooo 0 -616 X) c I 3 Gallow Law NATIVE HEIGHT MEDIAL HEIGHT SITES GROUPS VALUES OF SITE ZONES IN FEET -222- H E v' i O ' HEIGHT GROUPS OF NATIVE SITES J 2) 500 5 25 2) J i) .1 700 2 M I 0 I Q4 o Ov«r IO j / J f3\L3 8 9 3) J 22 DIAGRAM 6 4 SIGNIFICANCE IN DIFFERENT -t-t- PARTS OF THE TRIANGLE 1 4 7 /— 7 < 5 II \ 7 - 7 7f r H^3— 6 *\. -J-^l,. 4 4 >V -4 »>/ 1 1 »-M NLLJ UJ fa. I -i % ot C Factors evenly One factor very Two (actors very One tac lor ilomingni mixed small; <207 EH small: <207 within 3 iriunMn None >40 A> or one lac lor very <207o large > 6O /0 Points lying along these lines have two lac tors equal DIAGRAM 8 CA. M ? S UJ J in UJ ce •J UJ CO \ \ \\ \ 226 DIAGRAM 9 r, > < HI n CL z "J) <£ < I h- q: O z UJ > CD O cr u z - -227- DIAGRAM 10 v • DIAGRAM 11 u ® 3 6 5® 10 -229- DIAGRAM 12 // 9/ 1 V OS 03 06 o 035 ?• ft C24 19 O I50 2 OH S 3 rP • 12 025 DEGREE C- INTERVISlBlLlT Y O Medial plot • ' l jit plot -230- • > • \ -231- to -233- DIAGRAM 16 • -23k- DIAGRAM 17 AR' i 2 (x Lrosby 4. r si Of)— r— 6 8 -235- 5 So -236- INGHAM KIRKWHELPINGTON IIOOi UJ UJ o o UJ oo 8 o > 8 UJ t 8 o o -J 4 o < 8 UJ z < o UJ o o o 2 < I g ui I IN"? ERVISIBILITY -237- DIAGRAM 20 »7Q DIAG 1 C z i .ll I 2 .a I if) 3 t (l a 5 o