Sponsored by Introduction to Roofing Fundamentals Presenter: Learning Objectives

• Steep Slope Roofing • Introduction to Metal Roofing Substrates • Metal Roofing Configurations • Systems & Components • Design Considerations • Asphalt • Cedar shake Introduction to • tile Steep Slope • Clay tile • Slate tile Roofing Options • Composite tile • Rubber tile • Metal roof panels or shingles • Introduction to • • Aluminum Metal Roofing • Galvanized Substrates • Galvalume • Stainless Chart Provided by 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Best Practices Guide to Residential Construction

** MATERIAL ADVANTAGES DRAWBACKS INCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS LONGEVITY* THERMAL EXPANSION (10-6 in/in/°F)

Unpainted: Least expensive. Strong and dent- Rusts after zinc wears away from Brass, bronze, untreated iron and steel, GALVANIZED 15 to 30 years. resistant. Zinc coating heals small cuts oxidation. Field-cut edges redwood, cedar, pressure-treated (PT) 7.5 STEEL Exposed to salt spray: and scratches. vulnerable to corrosion. lumber. 5 to 10 years.

Provides atrue barrierto corrosion Expensive. Bright shinny appearance Galvanized screws, aluminum rivets, ratherthan a sacrificial by incorporating 60+ years 9.6 fewer finish options. brass, bronze, copper, steel. chromium in the .

Combines barrier protection of Field-cut edges vulnerable to corrosion Lead, copper, unprotected steel, wet Unpainted: GALVALUME aluminum with healing characteristics of 7.5 in coastal areas. mortar, PT lumber, and graphite. 30 to 40 years zinc. Reflects solar radiation.

Brass, bronze, lead, copper, Expensive. High level of thermal Superior corrosion resistance. unprotected iron and steel, wet mortar, Unpainted: ALUMINUM expansion. Relatively soft. 12.7 Lightweight and good for coastal areas. redwood, cedar, or PT lumber, and 30 to 40 years Low melting point. graphite.

Very expensive. Greenish runoff Aluminum, stainless steel, zinc, Easily roll formed. Superior corrosion COPPER can stain building. Avoid contact unprotected iron and steel, galvanized 60+ years 8.8 resistance. Attractive green patina. or runoff from cedar shingles. steel, lead, brass, bronze.

Easily formed into intricate patterns. Brass, bronze, copper, untreated iron Very expensive. Runoff can stain ZINC Superior corrosion resistance. and steel, stainless steel, redwood and 60+ years 15.1 building. Bluish-white patina. cedar.

*Longevity is affected by many variables, including slope of roof, wet vs dry climate, air pollution, and exposure to salt an d spray. **Average Values – review metal grade from manufacturer for specific thermal expansion. ©2006 John Wiley & Sons, Best Practices Guide to Residential Construction • Shingles • Roll Formed / Corrugated Metal Roofing • Standing Seam Configurations • Pressed Panels & Coatings • Bare Metal • Stone Coated • Painted Metal Roofing Configuration Shingles

• Metal roofing shingles are most commonly found in bare metal applications including copper, aluminum and zinc. • The shingle overlap allows for more unique shapes and sizes to best accent architectural roof features. • Metal shingles are more common in commercial architectural design and provide an artistic element. Metal Roofing Configuration Roll Formed / Corrugated

• Interlocking sheets having both vertical and horizontal seams in the field area. • Typically an exposed fastener or through fasten application. • Gains strength from the increased number of corrugations allowing for reduced steel gauge thickness. Metal Roofing Configuration Standing Seam

• Panels are interlocking that run from ridge to the eave. • Panel design allows for easy shedding of water and snow. • Great solution for lower slope roofing applications. • Typically a concealed fastener panel. Metal Roofing Configuration Pressed Panels • Pressed panels allow manufacturers to mimic the look of other roofing profiles such as: • Wood Shake • Spanish & Mediterranean Tile • Shingles • Slate • Panel configuration creates an air space between the panel and roof deck improving energy efficiency. Metal Roofing Finish Characteristics Bare Metal

• Bare metal products such as copper, aluminum and zinc are selected for their material properties and longevity. • Key factors to consider include expected color change, and finish variations with polished or matte surfaces. • Industry standards & testing for bare metal compositions: • ASTM B370-12 - Standard specification for copper sheet and strip for building construction • ASTM B209 -14 - Standard specification for aluminum and aluminum-alloy sheet and plate • ASTM B69-16 - Standard specification for rolled zinc Metal Roofing Finish Characteristics Stone Coated

• Stone coated panels are often selected for the aesthetic appearance. • Ceramic granules provide a finish appearance similar to asphalt shingles. • An acrylic base coat allows the granules to affix to the panel and provide proper adhesion wear resistance. • Industry testing for coating and tensile standards: • ASTM B 117 (Salt Spray) • ASTM G 155/TAS 110 (Accelerate Weathering) • ASTM A 792 (AZ50) (Material Coating) • ASTM E 8 (Tension Strength) Metal Roofing Finish Characteristics Painted

• Painted roofing is often selected for it clean and crisp appearance. • Painted roofs can also provide energy benefits with solar reflectivity. • Industry standards & testing for paint specification (ex. PVDF or Kynar® coating) • Accelerated Weathering – ASTM G23 • Salt Spray – ASTM B117 • Humidity – ASTM D2247 • Formability – ASTM D3359 • Pencil Hardness – ASTM D3363 • Specular Gloss – ASTM D523 • Impact Resistance – ASTM D2794 • Abrasion Resistance – ASTM D968 • Tunnel Test – ASTM E84 • Acid Resistance – ASTM D Procedure 72 • Sheathing Roof Systems • Underlayments and Components • Raised Assembly vs Direct-to-Deck • Flashing Sheathing

• The roof rafter spacing depends on temporary and constant roof loads and on the form or shape of the roof structure, the spacing ranges from 12” up to 24” on center. • Metal Construction Association guidelines, recommend a minimum requirement of 15/32” sheet material. • Proper ventilation of the attic limits the amount of moisture that is absorbed by the decking materials and reduces the amount of swelling and shrinking of the wood. • Exposure of sheathing panels (plywood, OSB) to acclimate to local humidity levels is recommended before installation. • When fastening space sheathing panels 1/8” apart on all sides. Immediately cover with an appropriate underlaymentin order to keep the wood dry. • Optional decking can include a metal subdeck.

*Sheathing requirements can vary depending on local building codes. Underlayments • ASTM Type II #15 • ASTM D4601 #40 • ASTM D1970 organic asphalt fiberglass • Up to 180 days • The National Roofing Contractors saturated felt reinforced asphalt exposure Association recommend that all roofing Felt : saturated felt • 30 year to systems use appropriate underlayment. Used under Stone “lifetime” warranty Coated Steel, Clay, Used under Stone Underlayment is applied over the roof Concrete tile, Coated Steel, Clay, • Self-seals around Composite Polymer, Concrete tile, nail holes for decking, prior to the application of the Good Asphalt shingle, Composite Polymer, reduced finished roof covering. Steel panels Asphalt shingle, Steel panels penetrations • The water-resistant and water shedding • ASTM Type II #30 • High temp organic asphalt • Synthetic Woven • Foam application abilities of the underlayment vary saturated felt according to application and roofing or Unwoven on some products material used. Used under Stone Used under Stone Used under Stone Coated Steel, Clay,

Coated Steel, Clay, : and WaterIce Shield Coated Steel, Clay, • In warmer climates where metal roofing Concrete tile, Concrete tile, Concrete tile, Composite Polymer, Composite Polymer, Composite Polymer, panels sit directly on the underlayment Asphalt shingle, Asphalt shingle, Asphalt shingle, Steel panels Steel panels Steel panels (ex. standing seam metal panels) a high Best

temp underlayment may be required. : : SBS Modified Saturated Felt • In cold climates water and ice shield may be required by code at the eave and in

the valley applications. Better Raised Assembly vs Direct-to-Deck

• The NRCA states, “Roof assemblies are designed in one of two basic configurations: compact ‘warm’ roofs or ventilated ‘cold’ roofs.” • An elevated batten or “cold” roof design creates an air space between the roofing and the deck for air to circulate. This space “reduces heat transfer and allows heat buildup to dissipate.” The airflow provided also prevents condensation from building up and causing deterioration to the roof assembly. • In compact or “warm” roof design all the components are in direct contact with each other. Flashings

• Building codes generally provide for minimum metal thicknesses used in roof systems. For example, the International Building Code,® 2015 Edition (IBC 2015), Section 1503.2-Flashings indicates: "… Where flashing is of metal, the metal shall be corrosion resistant with a thickness of not less than 0.019 inch (0.483 mm) (No. 26 galvanized steel). • Residential Design • Commercial Design • Maintenance • Exposed Fastener • Concealed Fastener Design • Metal Expansion and Contraction • Ice Damming Considerations • Wind Uplift • Fire Rating • Impact Resistance • Cool Roof Design • Solar Integration • Metal Roofing Weight Aesthetic Design Considerations Residential Metal Roofing

• Horizontal and linear texture that exists with metal roofing provides an improved architectural effect. • Improved curb appeal. • Consider if HOA restrictions exist for certain metal roofing styles and finishes. Aesthetic Design Considerations Multifamily/HOA Metal Roofing

• Improved architectural detailing on rake edges, hips, ridges, venting, and other significant architectural features. • Designing structures to be more resilient to natural events like wind, hail and fire. • Cleaner lines for large expansive roof applications. Design Considerations Maintenance

• Penetrations may require service during their life cycle. • HVAC • Skylights • Vents / Fans • Kitchen Exhaust • Chimneys • Cable • Hidden fastener systems can require removal of large sections of roof area to complete repairs driving up repair cost. • Exposed fastener applications allow for easy access to complete roof repairs. Fastener Applications Exposed Fasteners

• Exposed fastener applications can apply to both shingle style and sheet style metal roofs. • Fasteners vary depending on the roofing manufacturer on the requirement of a grommeted screw. • Fastener placement will depend on manufacturer requirements. Fastener Applications Hidden Fastener or Clip System

• Hidden fastener metal roof systems can be applied with screws fastened through a flange on the side of a panel or along the top. • Fasteners are subsequently hidden with the application of the next panel. • Clip systems also offer the hidden fastener but eliminate fasteners through the panel that can affect expansion and contraction of the panel. Design Considerations Metal Expansion and Contraction

• Thermal movement in building materials is a common occurrence. • When heat energy is added a material will experience expansion. • When heat energy is removed a material will experience contraction. • Impacts to metal roofing. • Oil canning • Impacts to fasteners • Impacts to purlin connection • Each panel configuration will perform differently to expansion and contraction. • Longer and larger panels can mitigate movement through clips that allow the panel to freely move with temperature change. • Smaller panels are less impacted due the fastening patterns. Design Considerations Reducing Ice Damming

• What causes ice damming: • Non-uniform roof temperatures result in snow melting and refreezing at the soffit area where lower temperatures exist. • Effects of ice damming: • Backed up moisture can enter under the shingle potentially penetrating the structure. • Damage to the roofing material due to freeze thaw cycles. • Designing to reduce ice dams: • Ventilation from the soffit to the ridge to maintain uniform roof temperature. • Use of elevated battens to raise the roof establishes a uniform temperature. Design Considerations Wind Uplift

• UL 580 Standard for Test for Uplift Resistance of Roof Assemblies • Evaluation of the roof deck, its attachment to supports and roof covering materials. • Application of positive (pressure) and negative (suction) loads on the roof deck assembly. • UL 1897 – Standard for Uplift Tests for Roof Covering Systems • Evaluation of the securement of the roof system to the roof deck based on short term static load. • High wind – Miami Dade County Florida Acceptance • Verify the product specified and installation methods required to meet this application of 170 mph wind testing. • Texas Department of Insurance Approval Design Considerations Fire Rating

• UL 790 – Standard test method for fire testing of roof covering. • Measurement of relative fire characteristics of a roof coverings exposed to simulated fire sources originating from outside of the building. • This test provides a roof with either a Class A, B, or C rating. Class A represents the highest level. • ASTM E108 – Standard test method for fire testing of roof covering. • Similar to UL 790 with one key difference a product passing ASTM E108 tests the complete roof system. Design Considerations Hail & Impact Resistance

• UL 2218 - Standard for impact resistance of prepared roof covering materials • Test simulating hail by use of a steel ball to determine a class rating from 1 to 4. • Class 4 represents the most rigorous test replicating a 2 inch hail ball. Compliant products will not crack or tear. • Metal roofing hail considerations • Consider the finish of the metal roofing product for cosmetic effects of large hail balls. • Understand insurance language regarding coverage of cosmetic damage. Design Considerations Cool Roof Design

• With metal roofing a cool roof can be achieved with several design elements including: • Products with a low SRI Value • Roofing systems utilizing above sheathing ventilation • SRI (Solar Reflectance Index) • A combination of two numbers, Emissivity (a measure of how effectively it rejects heat) and Reflectivity (how much light energy it bounces off). • Tests both new material and 3-year aged SRI values. Lower values contribute to cool roof design. • Above Sheathing Ventilation • A roof system design creating an air space between the roof decking and underside of the roof shingle or panel. • Air flow access at the eave and ridge create positive air flow removing heat before it is absorbed into the attic. • California Title 24 – Code requirements on roof performance to meet cool roof requirements and solar reflectance. Design Considerations Solar Integration

• Metal roofing is a popular choice to be paired with solar applications due to its longevity. • Solar clips (S-5) and brackets are available for standing seam and pressed panel applications. • No fastener penetrations of the primary roof panels. Design Considerations Structural Weight for New and Replacement Roofing

• Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures, ASCE/SEI 7-10, provides requirements for general structural design and includes means for determining dead load, live load, soil, flood, snow, rain, atmospheric ice, earthquake, and wind loads, as well as their combinations. • Metal Roofing including bare metal painted, and stone coated represent some of the lightest roofing materials on a pounds per square foot basis. • Many metal roofing products can be installed over one layer of asphalt while still meeting the structural requirements. • Consult a structural engineer for project specific design considerations. Design Best Practices

• What to look for in a metal roofing manufacturer. • Extensive product lines providing versatility in design style • High quality production materials • Comprehensive installation techniques and customer support • Detailed testing reports and resources • A strong manufacturer warranty • Knowledgeable staff & local representation from manufacturer With this course now complete, participants will be able to successfully:

• Understand the different metal roofing substrates • Identify metal roofing configuration, coatings and fastening applications • Understand the importance of roof system components • Develop a design plan for regional impacts affecting metal roofing systems Thank You BORAL ROOFING Build something great™

• Boral Steel® Product Knowledge Presentation • Architectural Resources • CSI 3 part Specification Boral Roofing is America’s largest manufacturer of specialty1 roofing products

Long-life, performance proven products that have been protecting structures for over 60 Years

4 Regionally located Boral Steel® Service Centers

11 Manufacturing sites across the USA2

1,5003 + Employees in the USA to serve customer needs

1 Concrete Tile, Clay Tile, Composite & Stone Coated Steel products 2 Boral Steel manufacturing siteis located in Oceanside CA and serves the north American market 3 Boral Roofing LLC. PINE-CREST Shake 20 Pcs/Sq. (5 Sq-ft/Panel Coverage) Boral Steel® offers five (5) unique profiles designed to suit almost COTTAGE Shingle any architecture. 22 Pcs/Sq. (4.5 Sq-ft/Panel Coverage) Every panel shape has been time-tested, and performance proven with side-lap details to GRANITE-RIDGE Shingle ensure a perfect fit from 24 Pcs/Sq. (4.2 Sq-ft/Panel Coverage) panel, which aids in the long-term weathering of the roof. Each panel is fastened with a BARREL-VAULT Tile 24 Pcs/Sq. (4.2 Sq-ft/Panel Coverage) special color matched screw, designed to blend into the stone chip coating so they are PACIFIC Tile almost invisible to the 20 Pcs/Sq. (5 Sq-ft/Panel Coverage) eye when installed. Architectural Resources

The modular design of Boral Steel® panels allow for creative use of underlayment and additional insulation. With older construction found on many home-owner association properties, this is an important and crucial benefit. • 3-Part Specs • CAD Details • Roof Visualizer • Installation Guides and Technical Training Classes