DOCSLIB.ORG

American Coot and Black-Necked Stilt on the Island of Hawaii

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
American Coot and Black-Necked Stilt on the Island of Hawaii AMERICAN COOT AND BLACK-NECKED STILT ON THE ISLAND OF HAWAII PETER W.C. PATON, Redwood ScienceLab, 1700 Bayview Drive, Arcata, Califor- nia 95521 J. MICHAEL SCOTT, Condor Research Center, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2291-A PortolaRd., Ventura, California93003 (presentaddress: Idaho Cooperative Fisheriesand WildlifeUnit, Collegeof Forestry,Range, and WildlifeScience, Univ. of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83843) TIMOTHY A. BURR, Hawaii Dept. of Land and Natural Resources,Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 (present address: PACNAV- FACENGCO, Code 24-B, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii 96860) Ornithologistsstudying the wetlandavifauna of the islandof Hawaiiduring the late 1800s reportedtwo endemic species(Hawaiian Rail Porzanasand- wichensisand Hawaiian Duck Anas wyvilliana),three endemic subspecies (American[Hawaiian] Coot Fulicaamericana alai, Black-necked[Hawaiian] Stilt Himantopus mexicanusknudseni, and Common [Hawaiian] Moorhen Gallinula chloropus sandvicensis),and one indigenous species (Black- crowned Night-Heron Nycticorax nycticorax hoactli) (Wilson and Evans 1890-1899, Rothschild1893-1900, Henshaw 1902, Perkins1903). The rail is now extinct. The moorhen, althoughpresent on other islands,has been extirpated from Hawaii. The coot, moorhen and duck are classifiedas en- dangered by the State of Hawaii and the Federal government (USFWS 1983). One otherendangered endemic water bird, the stilt,was apparently absentfrom the islandfrom 1896 to as recentlyas the early 1960s (Walker 1962, Banko 1979, Patonand Scott 1985). Researchis currentlybeing con- ducted on the Hawaiian Duck by the Hawaiian Divisionof Forestryand Wildlife (HDFW), as informationon this speciesis limited(Jon Giffin pets. comm.). Surveysof the wetlandsof Hawaii conductedover the past20 years by the HDFW have providedbaseline data on the populationtrends of the coot and stilt (unpubl. data on file, Dept. of Land and Natural Resources, HDFW). The purposeof this paper is to summarizeexisting knowledge of these two endemic water birds on the island of Hawaii. STUDY AREA AND METHODS The HDFW (then the Divisionof Fish and Game) initiatedan annual cen- sus of migratory waterfowl in 1950. Native water birds were added to the count in 1958, but it was not until 1963 that all of the primarywetlands used by the coot and stilton Hawaii were included.These wetlands(Aimakapa, Opaeula, Waiakea, and Lokoaka; Figure 1) have been describedby Shallenberger(1977). Ponds on Hawaii are small, less than 11 ha (Arm- strong1973), with vegetationsurrounding the ponds generallyshort, pro- vidingfew placesfor cootsand stiltsto hide from observers.The HDFW cen- susis conductedon one day in January, surveyingall major wetlandson the island.Eight observers usually conduct the survey,with observersvarying from yearto year. A summercensus, on one day in eitherlate Julyor early Western Birds 16' 175-181. 1985 175 COOT AND STILT ON HAWAII August,was initiatedin I968 to monitorpopulation trends of nativewater- birdsduring the criticalsummer months when water is generallyscarce. From 1975 through 1979, Scott regularlysurveyed ponds in the Hilo area. Patoncensused the majorwetlands of the islandopportunistically from January 1980 throughDecember 1982. None of these surveyswere con- ducted during standardizedtidal or weather conditions;nonetheless we believethat the data give a realisticpicture of true populationfigures. Paton did the statisticalanalysis using MINITAB on the ColoradoState Universitycomputer system. A priorialpha valuesof 0.05 were considered significant. WAIPI; VALLEY LOKOAKA AIMAKAPA HILO KAILUA-KONA 0 10 20 30 KM Figure1. Map of the islandof Hawaiishowing the primarywetlands used by American Coot and Black-necked Stilt. 176 COOT AND STILT ON HAWAII RESULTS AMERICAN COOT. Informationconcerning coot population trends prior to 1958 can only be consideredspeculative. Data reportedbefore the initiation of HDFW censuseswere subjectiveand, therefore,no meaningfulinferences couldbe made to presentpopulation levels. The coot was thoughtto be a common speciesin the wetlandsat lower elevationson Hawaii in the late 1800s, though no populationestimates were reported (Henshaw 1902, Perkins1903). Schwartzand Schwartz(1952) listedthe speciesas "rare"on Hawaii, occurringin a few ponds, reservoirs,and the taro fieldsof Waipio Valley.These authors did not mentionif they visitedAimakapa or Opaeula. Quantitativedata collqcted since 1963 suggestthat the cootpopulation has risen recently. In comparingcoot winter populationfigures from 1963 to 1971 with thoseof 1972 through1981, one can seethat the numberof coots has significantlyincreased in the past decade (Mann-WhitneyTest, p=0.006; Figure 2). The median number of coots counted from 1963 to 1971 was37.5 (range20-46), whereasfrom 1972 through1981 the median countwas 62.5 (range10-110). Thisincrease occurred primarily on the west sideof the island.The coot populationat Aimakapahas increasedfrom 11 birdsin 1970 to 165 in September1984 (HDFW, Pyle 1985). The coot populationon the eastside of Hawaii hasremained relatively small(median = 7.5 birds,range 3-15 during1982). In 1968, 12 cootswere observedat Waiakea Pond, whereas none were seen at Lokoaka Pond (HDFW, summercensus data). By 1982, coot habitatuse patternson the eastside had changedand the majorityof the cootsnested and foragedat Lokoaka. From November 1980 through October 1981, no coots were observedat WaiakeaPond duringweekly surveys (PWCP pets. ohs.). 120' m 60- . 1963'1 I I I I I I 70I I I I I I' I ! I I 810I Figure 2. American Coot winter HDFW censusresults from 1963 to 1981. 177 COOT AND STILT ON HAWAII The breedingbiology of the coot was recentlysummarized, but included virtuallyno data for Hawaii Islandbecause most work was done with this specieson Oahu (Byrd et al. 1985). Cootsnest at Aimakapaand Opaeula with young observedduring all monthsof the year. However, peak nesting activitiesappear to occur in July with l0 incubatingpairs observedat Aimakapa and 5 incubatingpairs at Opaeula (PWCP). Coleman (1978) reported two nesting peaks on Oahu: November-Februaryand June- October. Coot nestshave been recorded at Lokoaka, but nestinghas not been observedat Waiakea since 1978 (JMS pers. ohs.). Four pairs of coots establishednests at LokoakaPond in 1982, with a minimumof 8 youngpro- duced (PWCP pers. ohs.). BLACK-NECKED STILT. The statusof thisspecies on Hawaii Islandremains uncertain. There are no fossilsknown of this speciesfrom Hawaii Island (Olson and James 1982). S.B. Wilson collected 1 adult female stilt in June 1896 labelled "Hawaii, H.I." (Carnegie Museum 55460), which is most likelyfrom HawaiiIsland (Banko 1979). We couldfind no otherrecords of stiltbetween 1896 and 1961 on the island. No other ornithologistdoing work in the late 1800s recorded stiltson Hawaii (Rothschild 1893-1900, Henshaw 1902, Perkins1903). It isnot knownif any of thesemen visited Opaeula, but Perkins (1893) definitelyvisited Aimakapa to collectbirds. Munro (1944) specificallystated that "thereseems to be no recordof it [stilt]from Hawaii." 30 z 10' '9613I I I I I P 171011 I I i I I I I 80I I Figure3. Black-neckedStilt winterHDFW censusresults from 1963 to 1981. 178 COOT AND STILT ON HAWAII The first documented record we could find of stilts on Hawaii was of two birds seen at Aimakapa in August 1961 (Walker 1962). Since1963, the stiltpopulation has remained relatively stable (Figure 3). A comparisonof the island'sstilt population from 1963 to 1971 versus1972 to 1981 yielded no significantdifference between the two periods (Mann- Whitney Test, p=0.103). The median count for 1963 to 1971 was 27.5 (range11-36), whereasfrom 1972 to 1981 the mediancount was 20 (range 11-26; HDFW). The higheststilt count on Hawaii was in January1968, when 36 birdswere recorded,but 35 stiltswere countedas recentlyas 17 October 1982 (PWCP pets. obs.). Stilts nested at Aimakapa and Opaeula during the 1960s and 1970s (EugeneKridler and Robert Shallenbergerpers. comm.). Five stilt chicks were observedat Aimakapa in May 1982 and one chick at Opaeula on 25 September 1982 (PWCP pers. obs.). On Oahu, the stilt breedingseason usuallyextends from March throughAugust but is concentratedin May and June (Coleman 1981). We did find a differencebetween summer and winter HDFW stiltcensuses (Mann-Whitney Test, p = 0.04), althoughthe biological implicationsof this observationare unclear.Surprisingly, the winter counts (median= 24, range= 16-36) were greaterthan the summercounts (me- dian-- 19, range= 15-27). Becausestilts are thoughtto breedprimarily prior to the summercensus, we wouldhave expectedto seehigher counts in July- August. The higher winter counts may be the result of post-breeding movementsbetween islands; however, theseresults warrant further study. There is only one reportedrecord of a stilton the eastside of Hawaii. One bird was observedflying over Lokoaka on 11 April 1981. A sightinglater the same week in the Mountain View area was probablythe same bird. Our data suggestintra-island movements of stilts, primarily between Opaeula and Aimakapa. Censuseson 19 July, 26 July and 16 August1981 showedthe samenumber of birds,but in differentproportions, at Aimakapa and Opaeula (16:14, 18:12 and 22:8, respectively).Inter-island movements of stilts have been documented between Kauai and Oahu, and Maui and Oahu (E. Kridler and R. Coleman pers. comm.). Intra-islandmovements of banded birdshave alsobeen documented(E. Kridler and R. Coleman pers. commo). DISCUSSION Increasesin the cootpopulation on Hawaiiare probably due to changesin humanuse
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Birds of the East Texas Baptist University Campus with Birds Observed Off-Campus During BIOL3400 Field Course
    Birds of the East Texas Baptist University Campus with birds observed off-campus during BIOL3400 Field course Photo Credit: Talton Cooper Species Descriptions and Photos by students of BIOL3400 Edited by Troy A. Ladine Photo Credit: Kenneth Anding Links to Tables, Figures, and Species accounts for birds observed during May-term course or winter bird counts. Figure 1. Location of Environmental Studies Area Table. 1. Number of species and number of days observing birds during the field course from 2005 to 2016 and annual statistics. Table 2. Compilation of species observed during May 2005 - 2016 on campus and off-campus. Table 3. Number of days, by year, species have been observed on the campus of ETBU. Table 4. Number of days, by year, species have been observed during the off-campus trips. Table 5. Number of days, by year, species have been observed during a winter count of birds on the Environmental Studies Area of ETBU. Table 6. Species observed from 1 September to 1 October 2009 on the Environmental Studies Area of ETBU. Alphabetical Listing of Birds with authors of accounts and photographers . A Acadian Flycatcher B Anhinga B Belted Kingfisher Alder Flycatcher Bald Eagle Travis W. Sammons American Bittern Shane Kelehan Bewick's Wren Lynlea Hansen Rusty Collier Black Phoebe American Coot Leslie Fletcher Black-throated Blue Warbler Jordan Bartlett Jovana Nieto Jacob Stone American Crow Baltimore Oriole Black Vulture Zane Gruznina Pete Fitzsimmons Jeremy Alexander Darius Roberts George Plumlee Blair Brown Rachel Hastie Janae Wineland Brent Lewis American Goldfinch Barn Swallow Keely Schlabs Kathleen Santanello Katy Gifford Black-and-white Warbler Matthew Armendarez Jordan Brewer Sheridan A.
    [Show full text]
  • Tinamiformes – Falconiformes
    LIST OF THE 2,008 BIRD SPECIES (WITH SCIENTIFIC AND ENGLISH NAMES) KNOWN FROM THE A.O.U. CHECK-LIST AREA. Notes: "(A)" = accidental/casualin A.O.U. area; "(H)" -- recordedin A.O.U. area only from Hawaii; "(I)" = introducedinto A.O.U. area; "(N)" = has not bred in A.O.U. area but occursregularly as nonbreedingvisitor; "?" precedingname = extinct. TINAMIFORMES TINAMIDAE Tinamus major Great Tinamou. Nothocercusbonapartei Highland Tinamou. Crypturellus soui Little Tinamou. Crypturelluscinnamomeus Thicket Tinamou. Crypturellusboucardi Slaty-breastedTinamou. Crypturellus kerriae Choco Tinamou. GAVIIFORMES GAVIIDAE Gavia stellata Red-throated Loon. Gavia arctica Arctic Loon. Gavia pacifica Pacific Loon. Gavia immer Common Loon. Gavia adamsii Yellow-billed Loon. PODICIPEDIFORMES PODICIPEDIDAE Tachybaptusdominicus Least Grebe. Podilymbuspodiceps Pied-billed Grebe. ?Podilymbusgigas Atitlan Grebe. Podicepsauritus Horned Grebe. Podicepsgrisegena Red-neckedGrebe. Podicepsnigricollis Eared Grebe. Aechmophorusoccidentalis Western Grebe. Aechmophorusclarkii Clark's Grebe. PROCELLARIIFORMES DIOMEDEIDAE Thalassarchechlororhynchos Yellow-nosed Albatross. (A) Thalassarchecauta Shy Albatross.(A) Thalassarchemelanophris Black-browed Albatross. (A) Phoebetriapalpebrata Light-mantled Albatross. (A) Diomedea exulans WanderingAlbatross. (A) Phoebastriaimmutabilis Laysan Albatross. Phoebastrianigripes Black-lootedAlbatross. Phoebastriaalbatrus Short-tailedAlbatross. (N) PROCELLARIIDAE Fulmarus glacialis Northern Fulmar. Pterodroma neglecta KermadecPetrel. (A) Pterodroma
    [Show full text]
  • Nesting Habitat and Breeding Success of Fulica Atra in Tree Wetlands in Fez's Region, Central Morocco
    J Anim Behav Biometeorol (2020) 8:282-287 ISSN 2318-1265 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Nesting habitat and breeding success of Fulica atra in tree wetlands in Fez’s region, central Morocco Wafae Squalli ▪ Ismail Mansouri ▪ Mohamed Dakki ▪ Fatima Fadil W Squalli (Corresponding author) ▪ I Mansouri ▪ F Fadil M Dakki Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Genie of Environment, Laboratory of Geo-biodiversity and Natural Heritage, Faculty of sciences and technology, USMBA, Fez, Morocco. Scientific Institute, Mohammed V University, Av. Ibn Battota, 10 BP 703, Rabat, Morocco. email: [email protected] Received: June 07, 2020 ▪ Accepted: July 15, 2020 ▪ Published Online: August 06, 2020 Abstract The current study was intended to investigate the in part, by interspecific (Fretwell and Lucas 1969; Jones 2001) breeding habitats and ecology of the Eurasian coot Fulica atra and intraspecific interactions (Morris 1989), climate contrast in Fez region Morocco. To achieve our goals, nests were (Martin 2001), and habitat degradation (Feary et al 2007). monitored in three wetlands Oued Al Jawahir river, Mahraz Understanding the dissimilarity between adaptive and and El Gaada dams. In addition, nesting vegetation and nest’s maladaptive animal use of habitat is needed for any dimensions were analysed to characterise the Eurasian coot conservation issue because animal use of inadequate habitat is nests. As results, 46 nests (74%) were found in Oued al counter to conservation drives (Case and Taper 2000). Jawahir, compared with 15 nests (24%) in Mahraz dam. In El Because species conservation worry often occurs in disturbed Gaada dam only 2 nests were built by the Eurasian coots. On habitats (Belaire et al 2014), patterns in habitat use in these the other hand, all nests were built on the riparian vegetation species may not always be revealing of the habitat conditions of the river and dams.
    [Show full text]
  • Sex Determination of Adult Eurasian Coots (Fulica Atra) by Morphometric Measurements Author(S): Piotr Minias Source: Waterbirds, 38(2):191-194
    Sex Determination of Adult Eurasian Coots (Fulica atra) by Morphometric Measurements Author(s): Piotr Minias Source: Waterbirds, 38(2):191-194. Published By: The Waterbird Society DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1675/063.038.0208 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1675/063.038.0208 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/ page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non- commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Sex Determination of Adult Eurasian Coots (Fulica atra) by Morphometric Measurements PIOTR MINIAS Department of Teacher Training and Biodiversity Studies, University of Lodz, Banacha 1/3, 90-237 Lodz, Poland E-mail: [email protected] Abstract.—The aim of this study was to describe the size dimorphism in adult Eurasian Coots (Fulica atra). Ap- propriate discriminant functions to allow efficient sex determination on the basis of morphological measurements were developed. Breeding Eurasian Coots (n = 55) were captured from the urban population in central Poland.
    [Show full text]
  • Supplementary Information
    Supporting Information Balk et al. 10.1073/pnas.0902903106 Movie S1. A paralyzed herring gull (Larus argentatus). This movie shows a specimen from the County of So¨ dermanland (region G in Fig. 1). Both wings are equally paralyzed and the beak has no strength, whereas mobility and control of the head still remain. In this work we demonstrate that the probability to remedy an individual in this condition by thiamine treatment is very high. The movie is taken in the field, but the specimen is placed on a black tablecloth in order to remove disturbing background and enhance contrast. Movie S1 (AVI) Other Supporting Information Files SI Appendix Balk et al. www.pnas.org/cgi/content/short/0902903106 1of1 Supporting Information Wild birds of declining European species are dying from a thiamine deficiency syndrome L. Balk*, P.-Å. Hägerroth, G. Åkerman, M. Hanson, U. Tjärnlund, T. Hansson, G. T. Hallgrimsson, Y. Zebühr, D. Broman, T. Mörner, H. Sundberg *Corresponding author: [email protected] Contents Pages M & M Materials and Methods. 2–10 Text S1 Additional bird species affected by the paralytic disease. 11 Text S2 Additional results for eggs. 12–13 Text S3 Results for liver body index (LBI) in pulli. 14–15 Text S4 Breeding output and population estimates. 16–18 Text S5 Elaborated discussion of important aspects. 19–27 Acknowl. Further acknowledgements. 28 Fig. S1 a–j The 83 locations where samples were collected. 29–30 Fig. S2 a–d Pigmentation changes in the iris of the herring gull (Larus argentatus). 31 Fig. S3 Liver α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDH) in common black-headed gull (Chroicocephalus ridibundus).
    [Show full text]
  • Metadata for Hawaii Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI)
    HYDRO Hawaii ESI: HYDRO (Hydrology Polygons and Lines) Metadata: Identification_Information Data_Quality_Information Spatial_Data_Organization_Information Spatial_Reference_Information Entity_and_Attribute_Information Distribution_Information Metadata_Reference_Information Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service, Office of Response and Restoration, Hazardous Materials Response Division, Seattle, Washington Publication_Date: 200111 Title: Hawaii ESI: HYDRO (Hydrology Polygons and Lines) Edition: Second Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Vector digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: None Issue_Identification: Hawaii Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Seattle, Washington Publisher: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service, Office of Response and Restoration, Hazardous Materials Response Division, Seattle, Washington Other_Citation_Details: Prepared by Research Planning, Inc., Columbia, South Carolina for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service, Office of Response and Restoration, Hazardous Materials Response Division, Seattle, Washington Description: Abstract: This data set contains vector arcs and polygons representing coastal hydrography used in the creation of the Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) for Hawaii. The HYDRO data layer contains all annotation used in producing the atlas. The annotation features are categorized into
    [Show full text]
  • Diet of Non-Breeding Wildfowl Anatidae and Coot Fulica Atra on the Perthois Gravel Pits, Northeast France
    68 Diet of non-breeding wildfowl Anatidae and Coot Fulica atra on the Perthois gravel pits, northeast France JEAN-BAPTISTE MOURONVAL1, MATTHIEU GUILLEMAIN1, AURELIEN CANNY2 & FREDERIK POIRIER3 1Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, CNERA Avifaune Migratrice, La Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, 13200 Arles, France. Email: [email protected] 2Champagne Ardenne Nature Environnement, Musée du Pays du Der, 51290 Sainte Marie du Lac, France. 3Syndicat Mixte d’Aménagement Touristique du Lac du Der, Maison du Lac, 51290 Giffaumont Champaubert, France. Abstract Gravel pits are important habitats for wintering waterbirds, yet food selection by wildfowl wintering at these wetlands has seldom been studied. Here we describe the diet of eight dabbling and diving duck species, and also of Coot Fulica atra, at the Perthois gravel pits in northeast France. The pits form part of a broader Ramsar area and are in themselves of national importance for several Anatidae. From 343 guts collected, the gross diet of the nine bird species corresponded to that reported in the literature for these waterbirds on other types of inland wetlands, though Pochard Ayhtya ferina were almost exclusively granivorous here whereas earlier studies found that they fed more on invertebrates. All nine bird species ingested seeds, often in abundance, though in addition to Pochard only Teal Anas crecca and Mallard A. platyrhynchos could be considered as being true granivores. Two species (Spiny Naiad Naïas marina and Small Pondweed Potamogeton pusillus) were consistently among the most consumed seeds in eight out of nine bird species. The importance of these plant species may be typical to gravel pit in this study area.
    [Show full text]
  • Diving Behaviour of the Australian Coot in a New Zealand Lake
    By BRIGITTE J. BAKKER and R.A. FORDHAM ABSTRACT In a 1-day study of the Australian Coot (Fulica atra australis), the duration of dives increased with increasing depth, although the frequency of diving remained relatively constant. Duration and frequency of dives at given depths appeared not to vary with age. However, aggressive adults often drove young birds into deeper water. The duration of dives changed with the time of day, the birds preferring to dive in direct sunlight. INTRODUCTION Foraging diving birds have limited capacity to find food under water. The effort put into foraging can be assessed from the frequency and duration of their dives in both carnivorous and vegetarian birds. In these two groups diving is likely to differ because carnivorous birds dive to chase and catch live prey, which are often mobile, whereas the food of vegetarian birds is usually fixed at a certain depth or location. Most studies of diving behaviour have been with carnivorous birds (Stonehouse 1967, Piatt & Nettleship 1985, Cooper 1986, Wanless et al. 1988, Wilson & Wilson 1988, Strong & Bissonette 1989), and relatively little attention has been paid to predominantly herbivorous birds, such as rails (Dewar 1924, Batulis & Bongiorno 1972). Coots, which are energetic diving rails with regular feeding bouts, forage mostly on benthic plant material and are therefore good subjects for studying diving behaviour in a vegetarian bird. Diving times and pauses in the American Coot (Fulica americana) were measured in relation to water depth by Batulis & Bongiorno (1972). They found that differences in water depth affected diving times and pauses although divelpause ratios remained constant.
    [Show full text]
  • Alpha Codes for 2168 Bird Species (And 113 Non-Species Taxa) in Accordance with the 62Nd AOU Supplement (2021), Sorted Taxonomically
    Four-letter (English Name) and Six-letter (Scientific Name) Alpha Codes for 2168 Bird Species (and 113 Non-Species Taxa) in accordance with the 62nd AOU Supplement (2021), sorted taxonomically Prepared by Peter Pyle and David F. DeSante The Institute for Bird Populations www.birdpop.org ENGLISH NAME 4-LETTER CODE SCIENTIFIC NAME 6-LETTER CODE Highland Tinamou HITI Nothocercus bonapartei NOTBON Great Tinamou GRTI Tinamus major TINMAJ Little Tinamou LITI Crypturellus soui CRYSOU Thicket Tinamou THTI Crypturellus cinnamomeus CRYCIN Slaty-breasted Tinamou SBTI Crypturellus boucardi CRYBOU Choco Tinamou CHTI Crypturellus kerriae CRYKER White-faced Whistling-Duck WFWD Dendrocygna viduata DENVID Black-bellied Whistling-Duck BBWD Dendrocygna autumnalis DENAUT West Indian Whistling-Duck WIWD Dendrocygna arborea DENARB Fulvous Whistling-Duck FUWD Dendrocygna bicolor DENBIC Emperor Goose EMGO Anser canagicus ANSCAN Snow Goose SNGO Anser caerulescens ANSCAE + Lesser Snow Goose White-morph LSGW Anser caerulescens caerulescens ANSCCA + Lesser Snow Goose Intermediate-morph LSGI Anser caerulescens caerulescens ANSCCA + Lesser Snow Goose Blue-morph LSGB Anser caerulescens caerulescens ANSCCA + Greater Snow Goose White-morph GSGW Anser caerulescens atlantica ANSCAT + Greater Snow Goose Intermediate-morph GSGI Anser caerulescens atlantica ANSCAT + Greater Snow Goose Blue-morph GSGB Anser caerulescens atlantica ANSCAT + Snow X Ross's Goose Hybrid SRGH Anser caerulescens x rossii ANSCAR + Snow/Ross's Goose SRGO Anser caerulescens/rossii ANSCRO Ross's Goose
    [Show full text]
  • Scanned Document
    Inventory and Monitoring Plan Keālia Pond National Wildlife Refuge August 2019 June 2019 1 | Page Kellia Pond National Wildlife Refuge Inventory and Monitoring Plan Signature Page Action Signature /PriDted Name Date Bethany Chagnon (WiJdlife Refuge Specialist) By: Prcn,arecl Rachel Rounds (Zone l&M Biologist) Submitted By: Reviewed By: Reviewed By: Reviewed By: Approved By: Table of Contents Signature Page Introduction Methods Results References Appendices Appendix A. Key Legal Mandates and Policies for Inventorying and Monitoring Activities on Units of the NWRS Appendix B. Criteria Appendix B. Criteria and Weights Used to Prioritize Surveys (SMART Tool Table) Appendix C. Results: Prioritization Scores and Status All Ranked Surveys Appendix D. Brief Description of Non-selected Surveys Appendix E. Research Projects IMP Revision Signature Page June 2019 3 | Page Introduction A. Scope and rationale This inventory and monitoring plan (IMP) presents current and expected inventory and monitoring (I&M) activities (surveys) for Keālia Pond NWR (Keālia Pond NWR or Refuge). Most surveys in this IMP are refuge-specific; they evaluate and refine efficacy of resource management actions and measure progress toward achieving resource management objectives identified in refuge planning documents. Some surveys also gather baseline data to develop practical and measurable objectives for restoration projects, or provide baseline data on biological integrity of the Refuge. The IMP also includes cooperative surveys addressing resource issues of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) at larger landscape scales beyond the refuge boundary (e.g., archipelagic) or needs of other agencies and organizations. For cooperative surveys, refuge lands are one of multiple sites including other refuges to address broad-scale resource information needs.
    [Show full text]
  • Community Wildfire Protection Plan Kauaʻi Update 2016
    Community Wildfire Protection Plan Kauaʻi Update 2016 KAUAʻI COMMUNITY WILDFIRE PROTECTION PLAN 2016 UPDATE DEVELOPED BY HAWAIʻI WILDFIRE MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATION © 2016 IN PARTNERSHIP WITH: KAUAʻI FIRE DEPARTMENT; DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES- DIVISION OF FORESTRY AND WILDLIFE; AND KAUAʻI EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Project Developed and Coordinated by: Hawaiʻi Wildfire Management Organization (HWMO), a 501 (c)3 nonprofit organization dedicated to protecting communities and natural resources in Hawaiʻi and the Pacific from wildfire. hawaiiwildfire.org Plan written by: Elizabeth Pickett and Pablo Beimler, HWMO. Public Input Process Coordinated and Led by: Elizabeth Pickett and Ilene Grossman, HWMO, with assistance and participation from agency partners and community members. Maps Created by: Orlando Smith, HWMO. Special Thanks to: Chief Robert Westerman, Captain Daryl Date, and Lieutenant Kilipaki Vaughan of the Kauaʻi Fire Department; Patrick Porter of State Division of Forestry and Wildlife; Elton Ushio of the Kauaʻi Emergency Management Agency; and Dr. Clay Trauernicht of the University of Hawaiʻi Cooperative Extension, CTAHR. Completed using funds from: 2014-16 US Forest Service Competitive Western WUI Grant from the Cooperative Fire Program of the U.S. Forest Service, Department of Agriculture, Pacific Southwest Region. In accordance with Federal law and U.S. Department of Agriculture policy, this institution is prohibited from discriminating on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, age, or disability. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326 W. Whitten Building, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call (202) 720-5964 (voice and TDD).
    [Show full text]
  • Long-Term Effects of Fragmentation and Fragment Properties on Bird Species Richness in Hawaiian Forests
    Biological Conservation 143 (2010) 280–288 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Biological Conservation journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/biocon Long-term effects of fragmentation and fragment properties on bird species richness in Hawaiian forests David J. Flaspohler a,*, Christian P. Giardina b, Gregory P. Asner c, Patrick Hart d, Jonathan Price e, Cassie Ka’apu Lyons f, Xeronimo Castaneda g a School of Forest Resources and Environmental Studies, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, United States b Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, USDA Forest Service, Hilo, HI, United States c Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA, United States d Department of Biology, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI, United States e Department of Geography, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI, United States f Department of Biology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States g Department of Biology, California State University at Monterey Bay, Monterey Bay, CA, United States article info abstract Article history: Forest fragmentation is a common disturbance affecting biological diversity, yet the impacts of fragmen- Received 11 May 2009 tation on many forest processes remain poorly understood. Forest restoration is likely to be more suc- Received in revised form 4 October 2009 cessful when it proceeds with an understanding of how native and exotic vertebrates utilize forest Accepted 11 October 2009 patches of different size. We used a system of forest fragments isolated by volcanic activity 153 years Available online 7 November 2009 ago in Hawaii to examine how long-term fragmentation, as well as fragment size and structural features affect the richness of native and exotic bird species.
    [Show full text]