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Laboratory Tests for Allergy Allergen Specific Ige - RAST Testing Billing Policy

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Laboratory Tests for Allergy Allergen Specific Ige - RAST Testing Billing Policy Laboratory Tests for Allergy Allergen Specific IgE - RAST Testing Billing Policy For example if you request: Our fees for different allergen types Single $5 Three single allergens @ $5 $15 Mixed $10 Two mixed allergens @ $10 $20 Allergen Components $40 One allergen component @ $40 $40 Billing policy for allergy testing Your patient will receive an invoice for $100 (which includes our allergen test fee of $25). Our policy is to respect your request for the allergens and decode them according to our best practice. Even Practically, this means we will not accept a bulk- billed if you have requested more allergens than our allowance request for more than four single allergens, two under Medicare, we will bill your patient according to mixed allergens, or allergen components. the pricing using the key above. If you have nominated Please note that eligible patients may be able to the patient to be bulk-billed or if the patient has signed claim a rebate on four occasions per year for testing a Medicare assignment form, this billing policy will still performed on four separate blood collections, with apply for all tests above our allowance under Medicare. each episode at least 14 days apart. You will see in our Allergen Menu that we now list a Ordering allergy tests price for each allergen reagent and that this is organised We ask that you specifically nominate which allergens you into different allergen classes: single allergens are $5, would like tested. Please do not write the allergens to be mixed allergens are $10. Our highly specialised allergen tested in the clinical notes section of the request form. components are $40. A comprehensive menu of allergens that we test for is If the price of the allergens requested is more than the available in this brochure. If allergens are not available we Medicare rebate of $22.80, the laboratory will not accept may use cross-reactive ones or advise you on the report. bulk-billing for the request and the patient will be billed Some “allergy symptoms” may result from intolerance according to the price on the menu with our additional mechanisms (salicylates, amines, MSG, metabisulphite) allergen test fee of $25 and may claim a rebate of and detection of IgE to them is not useful or possible. You $22.80, subject to coning. can request the allergens using their alphanumeric codes. To assist staff performing data entry, we would appreciate if you precede these codes by “Specific IgE for” or “Allergy serology for” or “RAST for”. Initial Investigation Panels A1: CHILD 6 years or less A2: ADULT, or CHILD over 6 years If you write “RAST” or “Allergy serology”, but do Total IgE Total IgE not specify the allergens, we will perform the tests F2 Cow’s milk M6 Alternaria listed under A1 (for a child 6 years or less) or A2 D1 D. Pteronyssinus (Dustmite) E1 Cat (Adult, or child over 6 years). F1 Egg white E5 Dog F13 Peanut D1 D. Pteronyssinus (Dustmite) Any subsequently requested additional allergens F14 Soy G5 Grass Pollen are charged according to the billing policy outlined (Perennial Rye grass) above. For panels A1, A2 or A3 we will accept the Medicare rebate. A3: FOOD & INHALANTS FX5 Staple Foods (egg white, G5 Grass Pollen D1 D. Pteronyssinus (Dustmite) M6 Alternaria cow's milk, peanut, soy, (Perennial Rye grass) wheat, and codfish) 3 Background and Testing Strategies Diagnostic use of sIgE testing As with other tests in pathology, diagnostic accuracy is Testing for IgE to specific This information provides a Due to Medicare funding not 100 percent, ie. the presence of sIgE to a particular allergens (“RAST” testing) is an summary of how this testing can constraints, the laboratory is sIgE is usually measured to confirm an allergic aetiology for symptoms when there is a history that suggests a allergen is not 100 percent diagnostic of clinical reactivity important step in the diagnosis be best utilised and outlines the unable to accept bulk billing to that allergen and absence of sIgE to a particular of allergy cost of testing requests for more than very possible allergic cause. sIgE measurements are used in allergen does not 100 percent exclude clinical reactivity basic allergy testing requests the diagnostic algorithm of Type I allergy as presented in Figure 2. to that allergen. Testing for sIgE is not affected by medications. While the level of sIgE correlates with the likelihood of Background “RAST” tests, which due to new laboratory techniques, Interpretation of sIgE testing is very dependent on the allergy, it does not correlate with the severity of an allergic Immediate (Type I) hypersensitivity refers to a specific type are more accurately referred to as specific IgE (or) sIgE clinical picture. reaction. ie. severe reactions may occur in those with low of immune response in which Immunoglobulin E (IgE) tests, detect the presence of specific IgE in the serum level sIgE and vice versa. plays a central role. Clinical manifestations of immediate and were introduced into clinical practice in the early 1980’s. Techniques for detection of allergen-specific IgE hypersensitivity most commonly involve the skin History and examination (urticaria), eyes (conjunctivitis), respiratory tract (rhinitis have improved significantly since this time. and asthma) and cardiovascular system (hypotension). Melbourne Pathology has introduced a new platform IgE is produced after first exposure to an allergen on which sIgE testing is performed – the Phadia (an environmental molecule that induces an allergic ImmunoCap 250. As the majority of published studies in response). This IgE subsequently binds to mast cells in allergy use this testing method, it is widely considered the benchmark for quantifying sIgE. Suggest Type I allergy Doesn’t suggest Type I tissues, such as those mentioned above. Subsequent allergy exposure to allergen causes activation of the mast cells, to which the allergen-specific IgE is bound, causing release of chemicals that cause the clinical manifestations of allergy (see Figure 1 below). sIgE positive sIgE negative sIgE testing is not indicated* First Exposure to Allergen *Please note: If sIgE testing has been done inadvertently Allergy confirmed Allergy not excluded in this situation and is positive, consider referral to an allergist. IgE Avoidance or consider desensitisation Referral to allergist, if IgE mediated production (aeroallergens and stinging pathology is considered highly likely Allergen B cell insect allergy) clinically, or if the risks of a false negative IgE attachment result are high (eg. Allergen associated to mast cell with anaphylaxis) Second Exposure to Allergen Figure 2 Exposure to allergen Mast cell with Allergen attachment and allergen-specific IgE degranulation of mast cell Figure 1 4 5 Allergens for which sIgE can be measured Clinical vignettes Conclusion Several hundred allergens are available for testing. Targeted testing after a good clinical history allows maximisation 1. A 35 year old female presents with a history of sIgE testing is very useful for confirmation of an allergic of predictive values of sIgE tests. recurrent upper airway swelling following pesto. In aetiology in the setting of a history that suggests a between episodes, she has tolerated pinenut. Pesto specific allergic cause for symptoms. Allergens can be conveniently grouped according to Clinical Syndrome: often contains cashew nuts, so a cashew specific IgE is ordered and returns a result of 37 kIU/L. Dr Gary Unglik FOOD As she has tolerated other tree nuts in between MBBS, FRACP, FRCPA Clinical manifestations of immediate hypersensitivity include one or more of acute urticaria, angioedema, wheeze episodes, she is told that she can continue to eat Immunology or hypotension. them cautiously (with the knowledge that there is a After graduating from Monash University Most common in children: Cow’s milk, egg, peanut, tree nuts (most commonly cashew nut), sesame seed, small risk of reacting to cross contaminating cashew) in 1997, Dr Unglik trained at the Royal soy and wheat and supplied with an adrenaline auto-injector and Melbourne and Alfred Hospitals. Most common in adults: Peanut, tree nuts, “shellfish” (especially crustacean), fish, seeds and egg anaphylaxis plan to improve her safety, should she He obtained combined fellowship with have accidental exposure. both the Royal Australasian College of AEROALLERGENS Physicians and the Royal College of 2. A 17 year old male with a history of allergic rhinitis Clinical manifestations include one or more of rhinitis, asthma and occasionally dermatitis. Pathologists of Australasia in 2007. only manifest in the spring has specific IgE ordered Perennial for House Dust Mite (HDM), Cat, Dog and “Perennial Dr Unglik joined Melbourne Pathology in February 2010 as a Consultant Immunopathologist. He is also a Consultant Clinical House dust mite, pet dander and less commonly moulds (eg. Penicillium/aspergillus) and cockroach Rye Grass” (a grass that only pollinates in the spring Immunologist and Allergist in the Department of Clinical Immunology Seasonal in Victoria). HDM returns a result of 1.5 kIU/L, and Allergy at the Royal Melbourne Hospital where he is also Spring: Perennial Rye grass/Bermuda grass “Perennial Rye Grass”, 3kIU/L with Cat and Dog Consultant Immunopathologist in the Department of Pathology. giving results of <0.35 kIU/L. Due to the seasonal Summer: Bermuda grass and moulds (eg. Cladosporium, Altenaria) He is also a member of the Australasian Society of Clinical nature of the symptoms, the HDM result is likely to Late winter/spring: Trees (eg. Oak, Plane, Birch, Mimosa/Wattle, Cupressaceae) Immunology and Allergy. be a clinical false positive. He underwent VENOMS “Perennial Rye Grass” specific immunotherapy Clinical manifestations of an immediate generalised reaction – large local reactions are not an indication for testing (desensitisation) with good effect. eg. Honeybee, Yellowjacket, Paper wasp. 3. A 13 year old female with Type I diabetes is suffering from post prandial bloating and cramping.
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