Index

Note: Pages in italics refer to Figures; those in bold refer to Tables

ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), 74, 75 benign prostatic enlargement (BPE), 82 acetylcholine (ACh), 17 benign prostatic hypertropthy (BPH), 149 acromegaly, 86 bilateral retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy and infertility, 156 actinomycosis, 290 bites, 290 activin, 32 bladder extrophy, 236 acute prostatitis, 149 blebbistatin, 185 Addison’s disease, 85–6 brain tumours, primary, 220–1 adenylyl cyclase (AC), 19 bremelanotide, 31, 177 adrenal hormones, 85–6 Brugia malayi, 288 Ageing Male Symptom (AMS), 70 Brugia timori, 288 alfuzosin, 111 Buck’s fascia, 22 alpha‐adrenoreceptor antagonists, 176–7 bulbourethral artery, 22 alpha‐blockers, 58, 75, 76, 213 bupropion, 42 alprostadil, 52, 53, 163, 214 buried penis, 283, 286–7, 287, 288 aminophylline, 183 burns, 239, 290 anastrozole, 154 anatomy, penile, 22–2, 23, 24 calcium channel blockers, 74 vascular anatomy, 22–3 cAMP‐dependent kinase, 19 androgen deficiency, 38 Campylobacter jejuni, 224 androgen deficiency of the aging male (ADAM), 38, 158 Candida albicans, 264 androgen therapy in erectile dysfunction, algorithm, 74 cannabinoids, 18 androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS), 41 Capnocytophaga canimorsus, 290 andropause, 38 carbamazepine, 222 ANDROTEST, 81 cardiometabolic risk, 109 anejaculation, 148–9 cardiovascular risk, 62–7 angiotensin II, 17 algorithm, 67 angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), 74–5 artery size hypothesis, 62–3, 64 anorchia, 298 evaluation methods, 66–7 antiepileptic drugs, 222 link with erectile dysfunction, 62–3, 63 anti‐Müllerian syndrome, 297 prediction of CVD events and mortality, 65–6, 65 antipsychotics, 156 temporal relationship, 64–5 anxiety, 120–1, 125–6 cauda equina syndrome, 224 aphallia, 298 cavernosal artery, 23 apomorphine, 18, 42, 51, 177 cavernosal artery insufficiency (CAI), 204 aprostadil, 92–3 cavernosal nerves, 24 aromatase inhibitors, 154 cavernous fibrosis, 95 arteriography, 73 celiac superior mesenteric ganglia (CSMG), 9 ascorbic acid, 154 Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale (CES‐D), 247 assisted reproductive technologiesCOPYRIGHTED (ART), 152 cerebrovascular MATERIAL accident (CVA), 109 asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), 114 cGMP‐dependent kinase, 19, 48 autonomic nervous system regulation of erection, 23–5 CHARGE syndrome, 298 avanafil, 176 Chlamydia trachomatis, 288 chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy baclofen, 200, 220 (CIDP), 224 Bacteroides, 290 chronic pelvic pain syndrome, 149 BAY 41‐2272, 184, 216 chronic prostatitis, 149 Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI), 225 citalopram, 146 BDI II, 125–6 cloacal exstrophy, 298

Male Sexual Dysfunction: A Clinical Guide, First Edition. Edited by Suks Minhas and John Mulhall. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published 2017 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

323

0002882632.indd 323 11/12/2016 11:39:08 AM 324 Index

clomiphene citrate, 44, 154 intracavernosal injection therapy (ICI), 178–81 clomipramine, 56, 146 intraurethral therapy, 181–2 codeine, 75 medication effects, 172, 173 co‐dergocrine mesylate, 183 pharmacological therapies, 173–8 colour duplex ultrasound (CDU) of penile arteries, 72–3 testosterone replacement, 173 combination therapy, 53 topical therapies, 182–3 congenital adrenal hyperplasia, 296 drug‐eluting stents, 185–6 coronary artery calcium (CAC) scores, 113 Duplex ultrasonography, 91–9 coronary artery disease (CAD), 62, 109 acute priapism, 95 corpora cavernosa, 22 B‐mode ultrasound, 95 corporal veno‐occlusive dysfunction (CVOD), 204, 272–3 findings, 95–9 corpus spongiosum, 22 method, 94–5 Crohn’s disease288 pre‐surgical test, 92–3, 94 cryotherapy, 310–11 vascular findings in priapism, 97–9, 99 focal cryotherapy, 311 vascular findings, normal and ED, 96–7 whole‐gland cryotherapy, 310–11 Dupuytren’s disease, 246 cryptorchidism, 295 dutasteride, 156, 200 Cushing’s syndrome, 86 dynamic infusion cavernosography and cavernosometry cytomegalovirus, 224 (DICC), 73, 272

dapoxetine, 57, 58, 146–7 EDITS questionnaire, 178 dartos fascia, 22 Eikenella corrodens, 290 dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), 86 ejaculation delayed ejaculation (DE), 139–40, 140, 148–9, 148 brain (rat) and spinal generator of ejaculation (SGE), 9 treatment, 148 central nervous system and, 11 depression, 120–1, 126 emission and autonomic nervous system, 10–11 diabetes, erectile dysfunction management and, 210–16 (bulbourethral) Cowper’s glands, 10–11 age, 210 ductus deferens, 10 assessment and investigations, 211–12, 212 prostate, 10 pathophysiology, 210–11 seminal vesicles, 10 prevalence, 210 testis and epididymis, 10 treatment, 212–16, 215 expulsion and somatic nervous system, 11 future, 216 neurophysiology of, 57 gene therapy, 216 orgasm, 12 infection, 216 peripheral nerves and, 9–10 intracavernosal injection, 214–15 afferent neurons, 9 intraurethral suppositories (MUSE), 214 dorsal nerve of the penis, 9 lifestyle, 213 efferent neurons, 9–10 penile prostheses, 215–16 parasympathetic neurons, 10 phosphodiesterase‐5 (PDE5) inhibitors, 213–14 somatic neurons, 10 soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators, 216 sympathetic nerves of the genitals, 9 vacuum devices, 215, 215 sympathetic neurons, 9 Type 1, 210 physiology of, 8–12 Type 2, 39–40, 79, 80, 87–8, 210–11 spinal cord and spinal generator of ejaculation (SGE) (rat), 8–9 1,2‐diacylglycerol (DAG), 19 ejaculatory dysfunction, 1, 139–40 digito‐rectal examination (DRE) of the prostate, 82, 88 endocrinology of male sexual dysfunction, 30–44, 34 digoxin, 200 central organization of sexual function, 30–1 dihydrotestosterone, 32–3 effect of gonadotropins at testicular level, 32–3 2‐dimethyl‐amino‐propionic acid dodecyl ester (DDAIP), 53 endocrine disorders, 33–8, 35 disorders of sex development (DSD), 294–9 androgen deficiency, 38 classification, 295 clinical evaluation, 35–6 common concerns, 294–5 investigations, 37–8 failure of androgen synthesis or receptors, 296–7 physical examination, 37 gonadal dysgenesis, 296 total, bioavailable and free testosterone, 37–8 presentation, 294 kisspeptin‐GPR54‐neurokinin B pathway and regulation receptor defects, 296–7 of GnRH release, 31–2 domperidone, 156 testosterone action, 33 dopamine, 31 treatment, 41–4, 43 dopaminergic agonists, 177 adverse effects, 44 dorsal artery of the penis, 22 choice of preparation, 43–4 doxazosin, 111 general considerations, 41–2 drug therapy for erectile dysfunction, 172–86 other medical therapies, 44 contraindications, 182 testosterone therapy, 42–3 future therapies, 183–6 see also hypogonadism

0002882632.indd 324 11/12/2016 11:39:08 AM Index 325

β‐endorphin, 31 hydrogen sulfide, 185 endothelin‐1, 17 hydroxyurea, 200 Enterococcus species, 264 hypergonadotropic‐hypogonadism, 79, 237 epelsiban, 60 hyperprolactinemia, 39, 44, 79, 83–4 ephedrine, 42, 198 infertility and, 156 epidemiology, 1–5 hyperthyroidism, 84 epidermal growth factor (EGF), 32 infertility and, 156 epilepsy, 222 subclinical, 85 epinephrine, 198 hypogonadism, 1, 2, 30, 33–7, 36, 38, 79–83, 155 Epstein–Barr virus, 224 age and, 5 erectile aids, 207 biochemical evaluation, 82–3 erectile dysfunction, 2 clinical features, 37 age and, 2 diabetes as risk factor, 5 causes, 155 diagnosis, 4–5 definition, 22, 152 early onset, 79 depression and, 2 idiopathic hypogonadotropic (IHH), 79 diagnosis, 1 late‐onset, 38–41, 80 prevalence, 1, 2, 22, 62, 79, 152–4 medical history, 81 risk factors, 2, 70, 71 physical examination, 82 erectile function, definition, 1 prevalence, 4–5 erythromycin, 50 primary (hypergonadotropic), 79, 237 Escherichia coli, 264, 290 questionnaires, 4–5 etilefrine, 198 secondary/central (hypogonadotropic), 79, 155, 156, 237, 298 eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA), 59 hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH), 79, 155, 237, 298 Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) (Kurzke), 223 infertility and, 156 hypoprolactinemia, 84 familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP), 224 hypospadias, 236, 295–297–8 filariasis, 288 hypotestosteronemia, 38 finasteride, 156, 200 hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal axis (HPA), 31 fluoxetine, 146 in metabolic syndrome, 111–12 follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), 31, 37 hypothyroidism, 40, 84–5 Fournier’s gangrene, 236, 239, 290 Framingham Risk Score (FRS), 109 idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH), 79 free androgen index (FAI), 83 imipramine, 42 frenulum, tight, 73 in vitro fertilization (IVF), 152 Fusobacterium spp. 290 Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), 160, 302 index of premature ejaculation (IPE), 56 gabapentin, 220 infertility, 152–8, 295–6 gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), 18 algorithm for diagnostic evaluation of erectile dysfunction, 160 gender dysphoria (GD), 314 causes and distribution, 153, 154 General Assessment Question (GAQ), 173 erectile dysfunction vs., 154–8 Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7‐item (GAD‐7) scale, 126 etiologies common to erectile dysfunction and, 157 genital cancers, 239 impact on erectile dysfunction, 158–9 germ cell tumors, 294–5 incidence, 152 glans penis, 22 management of erectile dysfunction in CVD, 161, 161–4 gonadoblastoma, 294 overview ofevaluation of erectile dysfunction, 159–60 gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH), 31, 39 semen analysis, 158–9 granulomatous cheilitis, 288 treatment, 152 growth hormone, 86 inflatable penile prostheses (IPPs), 258, 263 guanylyl cyclase (GC), 19 inhibin, 32 Guillain–Barre syndrome (GBS), 224 inositol, 1,4,5‐trisphosphate (IP3), 19 gynecomastia, 82 insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I), 32, 86 intermesenteric ganglia (IMG), 9 haloperidol, 156 intermesenteric nerves (IMN), 9 Heineke–Mikulicz principle, 250 International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), 70, 173, 211, hepatitis, 290 212, 258 hereditary hemochromatosis, 156 International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), 70 herpes, 290 intracavernosal agents, 52–3 high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), 310 intracavernosal injection therapy (ICI), 72, 178–81, 206 focal HIFU, 310 papaverine/phentolamine (Bi‐Mix), 178 whole‐gland HIFU, 310 PGE1 + papaverine + phentolamine (Trimix), 179 HIV, 41, 278, 290 prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) (Caverject, Viridal, and Edex), 178 Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), 70 sodium nitroprusside, 180 human papillomavirus (HPV), 278 vasoactive intestinal peptide + phentolamine, 179–80

0002882632.indd 325 11/12/2016 11:39:09 AM 326 Index

intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), 152 methylene blue, 198 Intratesticular germ cell neoplasia (ITGCN) (carcinoma in situ), 298 metoclopramide, 156 intraurethral suppository (IUS), 206 micropenis, 236–43, 283, 298, 299 intraurethral therapy, 53 acquired, 239 intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT), 11, 56, 59, 60, assessment, 238–9 143–4, 146–8 causes of, 236 isosorbide dinitrate, 183 congenital, 236–8 etiology, 237 Kallmann’s syndrome, 155, 161, 298, 299 non‐invasive and medical treatment, 240 ketoconazole, 50 normal penile dimensions, 238 kisspeptin, 31–2, 32 penile transplant, 243 Klinefelter’s syndrome, 5, 79, 161, 298, 299 stretched penile length in children, 239 Krause‐Finger corpuscles, 9 surgery, 240–2 girth augmentation, 241 L‐arginine, 177–8 penile lengthening, 241–2 lateral hypothalamus, 11 penile replacement surgery (phalloplasty), 241–2 Laurence‐Moon‐Biedl syndrome, 156 tissue engineering, 242–3 l‐carnitine, 154 treatment, 239–43 Leriche syndrome, 204 Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire, modified (MHQ), 81 lichen sclerosus, 236, 239, 278 midodrine, 42 lichen sclerosus/balanitis xerotica obliterans (LS/BXO), 283 migraine, 222 penile reconstruction, 284–5, 285 minoxidil, 183 lidocaine, 59–60, 147 mirodenafil, 176 limaprost, 177 monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), 156 lithium, infertility and, 156 Mount Sinai Erectile Sexual Function Score (MSEFS), 307 lodenafil, 176 multidetector computed tomography (MDCT), 66–7 low sexual desire, 1 multiple sclerosis, 220, 223, 225 luteinizing hormone (LH), 31, 32 Multiple Sclerosis Intimacy and Sexuality Questionnaire–19 lymphedema, 283 (MSISQ‐19), 225 multiple system atrophy, 223, 225 macroprolactinoma, 40 muscular dystrophy, 224 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 102–7 Mycoplasma pneumoniae, 224 fibrosis and Peyronie’s disease, 105–6 myocardial infarction (MI), 109 penile cancer, 107 myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), 18 penile fracture, 104–5 penile implants, 106–7, 107 naltrexone, 177 priapism, 105 neuroanatomy of penile erection, 23–5 scanning protocol and radiological anatomy, 102–4 autonomic nervous system regulation of erection, 23–5 pharmacological stimulation, 102 somatic nervous system regulation of erection, 25 positioning, 102–3 supraspinal regulation of erection, 25 sequences, 103–4, 103 neurological deficits, 220, 221 Male Sexual Health Questionnaire (MSHQ, 302 neurological patients, erectile dysfunction and, management of, masturbation, 134 220–6 medial amygdala (posterodorsal part) (MeApd), 11 management, 224–5 medial preoptic area (MPOA), 9, 11 medications, 221 Medicated Urethral System for Erection (MUSE), 181, 214 neuropeptide Y, 31 melanocortin receptor agonists, 177 neurophysiological testing, 73 Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome, 288 nitric oxide (NO), 17, 48 metabolic syndrome (MetS), 80, 109–16 role in penile erection, 25, 26‐7r biomarkers, 112–16 nitric oxide synthase (NOS), 17 asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), 114 nitroglycerin (NTG), 183 coronary artery calcium (CAC) scores, 113 nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT), 129–31 in defining risk, 115–16 investigations, 129–30 peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT), 114 REM sleep and, 129 testosterone levels, 113 nocturnal penile tumescence and rigidity (NPTR), 72, 130 vitamin D and cardiovascular health, 114 non‐arteritic anterior optic neuropathy (NAION), 175 waist circumference, 112–13 norepinephrine, 198 case study, 110 NPT electrobioimpedance volumetric assessment (NEVA™), 131 components, 110–12 definition, 111 obesity, 79, 86–7 relationship to ED, 110–12 abdominal/central, 87 metaraminol, 198 definition, 86–7 methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), 264 metabolic syndrome and, 111 methyldopa, 156, 172 sarcopenic, 87

0002882632.indd 326 11/12/2016 11:39:09 AM Index 327

Onuf’s nucleus, 10, 25 tumor invading the corpus cavrnosum or urethra, 280–1 opioid analogs, 41 total penectomy, 280 opioids, 18 total phallic reconstruction, 280–1 Opitz syndrome, 299 tumor invading the subepithelium or corpus spongiosum, orofacial granulomatosis, 288 279–80 penile curvatures, 73 painful ejaculation, 149 Penile Doppler, uses of, 91–2 panuramine, 57 erectile dysfunction, 91 papaverine, 52, 53, 164, 182–3, 214 priapism, 91–2 paragigantocellular nucleus (nPGi) of the medulla oblongata, 11 penile dysmorphobia, 243–4 paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), 10, 11 penile erection, hemodynamics of, 16–17, 25–6 Parkinson’s disease, 222–3, 225 other mediators, 28 paroxetine, 146 Rho/Rho‐kinase pathway, 28 partial androgen insensitivity, 298 smooth muscle activity and calcium metabolism, 26 partial androgen resistance, 296–7 corpora cavernosa, 16–17 partial gonadal dysgenesis, 298 corpus spongiosum and glans penis, 167 parvicellular subparafascicular nucleus (SPFp), 11 nitric oxide/cyclic GMP, 26–7 Pasteurella multocida, 290 molecular mechanism, 26–8, 26 patient evaluation in erectile dysfunction, 69–77 phosphodiesterase type 5, 27–8 consultation and referrals, 74 penile erection, neurophysiology of, 17 current guidelines, 70–1 neurotransmitters, 17, 18 current prescribing issues, 76 smooth muscle contraction and detumescence, 17 GP role, 71 smooth muscle relaxation and tumescence, 17 laboratory investigations, 71 penile erection, physiology of, 14–20, 25–6 lifestyle modification, 75 penile fascia, 22 management, 71 penile fracture, MRI in, 104–5 penile abnormalities, 73 reconstruction, 289–90, 291 physical examination, 70 penile functional anatomy, 14–16 PLISSET model, 69 erectile tissues, 14–15 prescribed drugs and, 74–5 tunica albuginea (TA), 14 questionnaires, 70 penile implant surgery, 258–66 relative risks, 70, 71 complications, 263–6 secondary referral, 74 autoinflation, 265 sexual history, 69–70 erosion or perforation, 264–5, 265 specialist investigations, 72–3, 72 infection, 264 testosterone replacement, 76–7 mechanical failure, 263–4 use of correct language, 69 pump migration, 265–6 Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9), 125 ‘SST’ and ‘S‐’shaped deformity, 265, 265 patient‐reported outcomes (PROs), 56 vascular, 266 pelvic surgery, erectile dysfunction management after, 203–9 indications, 258–9 erectile aids, 207 outcomes, 266 intracavernosal injection (ICI), 206 in Peyronie’s disease, 258, 259 intraurethral suppository (IUS), 206 preoperative counseling and surgical planning, 261–2 mechanisms of erectile dysfunction, 203–4 surgical technique, 262–3 neurogenic ED, 203–4 types of protheses, 259–61, 259 vasculogenic ED, 204 penile implants, 106–7, 107, 206–8 oral therapy, 205–6 penile neuroanatomy, 15–16 pathophysiology, 204 autonomic innervation, 15 PDE5i, pharmacokinetics, 205 central pathways, 16 penile implant, 206–8 parasympathetic pathways, 16 treatment, 205–8 peripheral innervation, 15 vacuum erection device (VED), 206 somatic innervation, 15 penile cancer, 276–81 spinal pathways, 16 carcinoma in situ (TIs), 277–9 supraspinal pathways, 16 circumcision, 278 sympatheticpathways, 15 glans resurfacing, 278–9, 279 penile prosthesis, 225 laser therapy, 278 penile reconstruction, 283–92 MRI in, 107 following trauma, 289–93 non‐invasive verrucous carcinoma (Ta), 277–9 amputation, 292–3 penile preserving surgery (PPS), 276–7, 277 fractured penis, 289–90, 291 surgery, 278–9 genital skin loss, 290–2 topical therapies, 277–8 total/subtotal penile loss, 292 treatment by stage, 278 glans resurfacing of the penis, 284–6, 286 tumor invading adjacent structures, 281 lichen sclerosus /balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO), 284–5, 285

0002882632.indd 327 11/12/2016 11:39:09 AM 328 Index

penile reconstruction (cont’d) Peyronie’s Disease Questionnaire (PDQ), 248 lymphedema, 288–9 phalloplasty, 241–2 Peyronie’s disease, 289 phenobarbitone, 222 skin grafting, 283–4 phenothiazines, 156 full‐thickness skin graft (FTSG), 283–4 phentolamine, 52, 53, 92–3, 214 split‐thickness skin grafts (SSG), 283 phentolamine mesylate, 176 surgical principles, 283 phenylephrine, 198 penile smooth muscle physiology, 18–20 phenytoin, 222 contraction: penile flaccidity, 18–19, 18 phimosis, 73 relaxation, 19–20, 20 phosphatidyl‐inositol 2‐kinase, 26 cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), 19 phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate (PIP2), 19 cyclic guanylate monophosphate (cGP), 19–20 phosphodiesterase enzymes, tissue distribution of, 49 phosphodiesterase (PDE), 20 phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors, 27–8, 41–2, penile transplant, 243 48–50, 122, 146, 163, 173–6, 174, 176 penile ultrasonographic anatomy, 92 affinity and selectivity of, 49–50, 49 penile vasculature, 15 clinical effects, 51 arterial supply, 15 drug interactions, 50–1 venous drainage, 15 pharmacokinetics, 50, 50, 205 performance anxiety, 136 in priapism, 200 periaqueductal gray (PAG), 9, 11 phospholipase C beta (PLC‐β), 19 peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT), 114 pituitary adenoma, 156 Peyronie’s disease, 1–4, 95, 95, 161, 173, 215, 229–34, pituitary macroadenoma, 36 239, 246–54, 283 PLISSIT model, 69, 140–1, 141, 224 age and, 3, 4 polyneuropathy, 224 causes, 4 pons (raphe and gigantocellular nuclei), 11 course, 247 pornography, 134, 136–7, 140, 244 depression and, 4 posterodorsal preoptic nucleus (PNpd), 11 diagnosis and evaluation, 3, 247–8 post‐priapism, 239 etiology and pathogenesis, 246–7 Prader orchidometer, 82, 88 graft materials, 251–2 Prader‐Willi syndrome, 156 allografts and xenografts, 252–3 premature ejaculation, 139, 139 autologous grafts, 252 Acquired PE (APE), 144 injectable agents, 233 definition, 2–3, 143–5, 144 collagenase, 233 diagnosis of, 1 verapamil, 233 epidemiology and etiology, 145 mechanical devices, 233 lifelong PE (LPE), 144 medical treatment, 248 natural variable PE (NVPE), 144 MRI in, 105–6 premature‐like ejaculatory dysfunction (PLED), 144 oral therapies, 230–3 prevalence, 2–3 acetyl esters of carnitine, 231–2 treatment of, 145–8, 147 coenzyme, 10 (CoQ10), 232 premature ejaculation profile (PEP), 56 colchicine, 231 premature‐like ejaculatory dysfunction (PLED), 144 omega‐2, 233 priapism, 72, 194–200 pentoxifylline (PTX), 232 arteriography, 197 phosphodiesterase type, 5 inhibitors (PD51), 232 blood tests, 196 potassium para‐aminobenzoate (Potaba), 230 clinical assessment, 196–7 tamoxifen, 231 conservative treatment, 197–8 vitamin E (tocopherol), 230–1 corporal aspiration, 198 penile prosthesis implantation (PPI), 253–4 Doppler studies, 196 penile reconstruction, 289 in ischemic priapism, 196–7 phases, 229 in non‐ischemic priapism, 197 presentation, 229 Duplex ultrasonography in, 95, 97–9, 99 prevalence, 3–4, 246 epidemiology and pathophysiology, 194–6 prostatectomy and, 4 examination, 196 reconstructive surgery, 249–51 history, 196 surgical treatment, 248–54, 249 hormone treatment, 199–200 topical agents, 233 imaging, 196–7 transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) and, 229 intracavernosal sympathomimetics, 200 tunical lengthening procedures, 251 investigation, 196 tunical shortening procedures, 249 ischemic, 194–5, 195, 197–9 Nesbit procedure, 249–50 malignant, 196 plication procedures, 250–1 management, 197–200 Yachia procedure, 250 medical therapy, 198–200 vascular risk, 230 MRI in, 105, 197

0002882632.indd 328 11/12/2016 11:39:09 AM Index 329

non‐ischemic (arterial), 194, 197 erectile dysfunction, 134 in sickle‐cell disease, 198 premature ejaculation, 134 stuttering (recurrent), 195–6, 199 medical history, 135–6 surgical management, 198 negative behaviors, 135 open proximal (corporospongiosal) shunts (Quackles procedure/ PLISSIT model, 140–1, 141 Sacher technique), 199vein anastomoses/shunts (Grayhack precipitating factors, 134 procedure/Barry technique), 199 predisposing factors, 134 percutaneous distal corporoglandular shunts (Winter shunt relationship, 134–5 and Ebbehoj procedure), 198‐9open distal (corporoglandular ) shunts (Al‐Ghorab procedure), 199 questionnaires primary penile prosthesis insertion, 199 in evaluation of sexual dysfunction, 1, 2 shunt selection and postoperative care, 199 hypogonadism, 4–5 T‐shunt and tunneling procedure, 199 patient evaluation, 70 sympathomimetic injection, 198 psychological assessment, 127 prilocaine, 59–60 primary adrenal insufficiency, 85–6 radial forearm free flap phalloplasty (RAFF), 242 primidone, 222 radical cystoprostatectomy and infertility, 156 prolactin (PRL), 18, 83–4 radical pelvic surgery as risk factor, 1 prolactinoma, 44 radical prostatectomy prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), 183, 214 effect on erectile function, 1 prostaglandin I2 (PGI2), 17 infertility and, 156 prostate cancer, 42, 239, 302–11 radionuclide scanning, 73 ablative therapy, 310–11 5α‐reductase deficiency, 297, 298 active surveillance, 309 5α‐reductase inhibitors (5ARIs), 156, 200 androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), 308–9 reflex erections, 220 cryotherapy, 310–11 reserpine, 172 high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), 310 retinitis pigmentosa, 175 penile rehabilitation after radical prostatectomy, 306 retinoids, 154 preoperative sexual function and treatment, 303 retrograde ejaculation, 149 radical prostatectomy, 303–5 RhoA/Rho‐kinase pathway, 19, 183–4 radiotherapy and brachytherapy, 306–8 RigiScan, 130–1 sexual dysfunction, 302–3 risperidone, 156 prostate specific antigen (PSA), 83 ritonavir, 50 protein kinase A (PKA), 19 robotic assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP), 266 protein kinase G (PKG), 19, 48 Proteus mirabilis, 264 sacral parasympathetic nucleus (SPN), 10 PSD502 59, 61 sacral spinal cord (Onuf’s nucleus), 10 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 264 sarcoidosis, 156, 288 psychogenic erections, 220 secondary adrenal insufficiency, 86 psychological assessment, 120–7 selective neurotransmitter reuptake inhibitors, 56 psychological assessment, 122–6 selective oxytocin antagonists, 60 anxiety disorders, 126 selective reuptake inhibitors (SRIs), 57, 58 background information and sex history, 123–4 selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), 56, 75, depression, 125–6 146, 156 for ED‐related anxiety and depression, 124 Self‐Esteem and Relationship (SEAR) survey, 247 relationship difficulties, 124–5 serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine; 5‐HT), 11, 31 psychosocial impact, 120–2 serotonin receptor effects, 177 anxiety and depression, 120–1 Serratia marcescens, 264 avoidance, 121–2 sertraline, 146 partner and relationship difficulties, 121 sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations, questionnaires, 127 37, 38 referrals, 126–7 sexual dysfunction psychosexual therapy, 133–41 definition, 1 assessment, 134 incidence, 1 case examples, 136–9 risk factors, 1 organic erectile dysfunction, 137–8 Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP), 173 pelvic floor exercises, 138–9 Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM), 70, 158, 160, psychogenic erectile dysfunction, 136–7 307, 309 ejaculatory dysfunction, 139–40 sickle‐cell disease, priapism in, 105, 194–6, 198, 200 delayed ejaculation (DE), 139–40, 140 sildenafil, 48, 50, 51, 56, 76, 93, 147, 163, 172, 174, 175, premature ejaculation (PE), 139, 139 177, 213, 225 maintaining factors, 134–137, 139, 140 Smith‐Lemli‐Opitz syndrome, 299 masturbation, 134 smooth muscle inhibitors, 185 delayed ejaculation, 134 snap gauges, 130

0002882632.indd 329 11/12/2016 11:39:09 AM 330 Index

Sodergard formula, 83 surgical complications, 319–20 soluble guanylase cyclase (sGC) activators, 184 bleeding and labial hematoma, 319 soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), 19 lower urinary tract complcations, 320 somatic nervous system regulation of erection, 25 perineal nerve damage, 319 spectatoring, 136 rectovaginal fistula, 319–20 spinal cord injury, 223–4 thromboembolic complications, 319 spironolactone, 156, 172 vaginal complications, 320 stamp test, 130 terminology, 314 Staphylococcus aureus, 290 UK pathway, 315–17 Staphylococcus epidermidis, 264 hair removal, 316 Streptococcus viridans, 290 hormones, 316–17 stria terminalis (posteromedial bed nucleus) (BNSTpm), 11 social transition (ST), 316 stroke, 221–2 speech therapy, 316 subacute inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy (SIDP), 224 transurethral resection of prostate (TURP), 76 superficial penile fascia, 22 transvestitism, 314 supraspinal regulation of erection, 25 traumatic brain injury (TBI), 221 syphilis, 290 trazodone, 42, 177 tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), 156 tadalafil, 50, 51, 76, 147, 163, 174, 175, 213, 214, 225 tuberculosis, 290 tamoxifen citrate, 154 tunica albuginea, 14, 22 tamsulosin, 75, 76 tension type headache, 222 udenafil, 175–6 terbutaline, 200 Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), 225 testicular regression syndromes, 298 University of California, Los Angeles Prostate Cancer testolactone, 154 Index (UCLA‐PCI) questionnaire, 305 testosterone urinary incontinence, 1 action, 33 deficiency, algorithm for diagnosis, 82 vacuum erection devices (VEDs), 164, 206 production, 32–3 vacuum pumps, 225 thiazides, 172 vardenafil, 50, 163, 174, 175, 213, 225 thromboxane A2 17 vascular surgery for ED, 270–4 thyroid hormones, 84–5 arterial revascularization, 270–2 thyrotoxicosis, 40 arterio‐venous shunt, 271 tissue engineering, 242–3 direct anastomosis of artery to corpora cavernosa, 271 α‐tocopherol, 154 outcomes and compications from surgery, 272 topical therapy, 53 patient selection and investigation of suspected topiramate (TPM), 222 arteriogenic ED, 272 tramadol, 75, 146, 147 revascularization, 271 transforming growth factor venous arterialization, 271–2 TGFα, 32 for corporal veno‐occlusive dysfunction (CVOD), 272–3 TGFβ, 32 endovascular techniques, 273–4 transgender, male to female, 314–21 penile vascular anatomy, 270, 271 follow‐up and patient satisfaction, 320–1 vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), 17, 52–3 history, 314–15 Veillonella parvula, 290 incidence, 314 venereal diseases, 288 legislation and guidelines, 315 venlafaxine, 42 nature vs. nurture, 315 verapamil, 156 non‐genital surgery, 320 Vermeulen formula, 83 reconstructive surgery, 317–19 Viagra, 225 clitoroplasty, 319 formation of vaginal cavity, 318 Wuchereria bancrofti, 288 labioplasty, 319 lining the vaginal cavity, 318 yohimbine, 42, 48, 51–2, 176–7 penectomy and orchidectomy, 318 urethrostomy, 319 zonisamide (ZNS), 222

0002882632.indd 330 11/12/2016 11:39:09 AM