E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 116 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION

Vol. 165 WASHINGTON, THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 19, 2019 No. 151 Senate The Senate met at 10 a.m. and was The Senate isn’t obliged to consider gotiated framework to keep our appro- called to order by the President pro every partisan bill from the House, and priations process on track. In fact, the tempore (Mr. GRASSLEY). the House doesn’t have to consider Speaker of the House and the Demo- f every bill that is passed by the Senate. cratic leader in the Senate publicly But if there is any House bill that the agreed to the exact dollar figure for the PRAYER Senate has the responsibility to take Defense bill they just voted down yes- The Chaplain, Dr. Barry C. Black, of- up, to debate, and to amend, it is the terday. They publicly agreed to the fered the following prayer: annual spending bills to keep govern- number in the Defense bill they just Let us pray. ment operating. We have to fund the voted down yesterday. Savior of humanity, Your unfailing government, and that is what we are We all agreed in the caps agreement love sustains us. Stagger freedom’s en- doing. that poison pills, new policy riders, or emies and bring them to their knees. So I hope we don’t hear any of this any changes to Presidential transfer Use our lawmakers so effectively that bellyaching anymore when we have a authorities were off the table—off the our citizens may rejoice because of House bill that the Senate doesn’t table—unless both sides were on board. Your mercy. somehow take up. So the appropriations process, in- cluding at the committee level with Lord, be for our Nation a towering I yield the floor. rock of safety, a shelter in the time of Chairman SHELBY and Ranking Mem- storm. We wait quietly before You. So f ber LEAHY, appeared to be going pretty use Your strong arms to bring us Your RECOGNITION OF THE MAJORITY smoothly, but, as we have seen a num- peace. LEADER ber of other times in the recent past, the Democratic leadership seemed to We pray in Your great Name. Amen. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ma- f have a change of heart. jority leader is recognized. Perhaps it sunk in that actually PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE Mr. MCCONNELL. Madam President, meeting President Trump and Repub- I want to thank the senior Senator The President pro tempore led the licans halfway, as divided government from Iowa for his observations this Pledge of Allegiance, as follows: obviously requires, might have earned morning. That is exactly where we find some criticism from the far left. But I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the ourselves with what happened on the United States of America, and to the Repub- whatever the reason, our Democratic lic for which it stands, one nation under God, Senate floor yesterday afternoon. friends turned on a dime, reneged on indivisible, with liberty and justice for all. f the bipartisan agreement, and began The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mrs. APPROPRIATIONS demanding exactly the kinds of poison HYDE-SMITH). The Senator from Iowa. pills and partisan policy changes that Mr. GRASSLEY. I ask unanimous Mr. MCCONNELL. Madam President, we all promised not to do. consent to address the Senate for 1 Senate Democrats blocked this year’s That is how we get to a spectacle like minute. funding for our national defense. They what happened yesterday. That is how The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without voted it down. We can’t move the legis- we get to a place where 42 Senate objection, it is so ordered. lation forward. Democrats vote to filibuster defense Democrats blocked the funding our f funding and obstruct a pay raise for commanders need to keep pace with our servicemembers, for all the world APPROPRIATIONS Russia and China. Democrats blocked to see, because Democratic leadership Mr. GRASSLEY. The latest political money for the tools and training that decided they saw more of a political ploy by the Democrats is to paint the our men and women in uniform badly upside in picking new fights with the Senate majority leader as an obstruc- need while our adversaries continually President than in keeping their word tionist because he hasn’t moved to con- pour money into new weapons and and investing in our men and women in sider certain bills passed by the other technology. The Democrats even voted uniform. body. against a pay raise—a pay raise—for In fact, I understand that just yester- Well, let’s think about that for just a our servicemembers. All but two Demo- day, our Democratic leaders were of- minute. They can hardly use that talk- crats voted to filibuster all of this and fered even more money for the Labor- ing point anymore. kept the Senate from even considering HHS bill, but they declined it. So it is Yesterday, the Senate majority lead- the legislation. not about the money. It is not about er moved to take up the House-passed Never mind that before we adjourned compromising and getting to yes. It is appropriations package, and the Senate in August the Democrats in the House about not wanting to take yes for an Democrats blocked that motion. and Senate all agreed to a carefully ne- answer.

∑ This ‘‘bullet’’ symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor.

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VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:27 Sep 20, 2019 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A19SE6.000 S19SEPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S5584 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 19, 2019 I have great respect for our Demo- CONCLUSION OF MORNING went on to vote to confirm. In other cratic friends, but I think this episode BUSINESS words, it was not that President Trump has to go down as a new high-water The PRESIDING OFFICER. Morning nominated scores of extreme nominees mark for the policy consequences of business is closed. whom the Democrats felt they couldn’t what some people call ‘‘Trump de- support. Again and again, the Demo- f rangement syndrome.’’ crats have delayed a nominee, then We are at a point where 42 Senate EXECUTIVE SESSION turned around and voted in favor of Democrats would decline to fund the him or her. U.S. Armed Forces essentially just to In one particularly memorable exam- spite the occupant of the White House. EXECUTIVE CALENDAR ple, in January of 2018, the Democrats If you ask me, that is one heck of a The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under forced the Senate to spend more than a price to pay to put on a show for ‘‘the the previous order, the Senate will pro- week considering four district court resistance.’’ ceed to executive session to resume judges even though not one single But yesterday’s vote is now a matter consideration of the following nomina- Democrat voted against their con- of record. It is in the past. I really am tion, which the clerk will report. firmations—not one single Democrat. hopeful that we can get back on track The senior assistant legislative clerk These judges could have been con- with the kind of appropriations process read the nomination of Brian McGuire, firmed in a matter of minutes by voice my Democratic colleagues have al- of New York, to be a Deputy Under votes. Instead, the Democrats forced ready pledged they would support. Secretary of the Treasury. the Senate to spend more than a week They had already pledged to support it. Mr. MCCONNELL. I suggest the ab- on their considerations—time that When the good work that takes place sence of a quorum. could have been spent on genuinely in committees is allowed to proceed The PRESIDING OFFICER. The controversial nominees or on some of without this top-down partisan maneu- clerk will call the roll. the many important issues that face vering, it tends to yield pretty good re- The senior assistant legislative clerk our country. sults. I think we were all pleased with proceeded to call the roll. So far this September, the Senate the bipartisan funding bill that Chair- Mr. THUNE. Madam President, I ask has confirmed six district court judges. man SHELBY and Senator LEAHY pro- unanimous consent that the order for The Democrats forced cloture votes on duced together last year. I understand the quorum call be rescinded. four of them despite the fact that all this morning’s appropriations markup The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mrs. four were eventually confirmed by is expected to be bipartisan as well. FISCHER). Without objection, it is so huge bipartisan margins. In fact, one For example, I am proud the Finan- ordered. was confirmed by a unanimous vote of cial Services and General Government THE JUDICIARY 94 to 0. bill would include a bipartisan amend- Mr. THUNE. Madam President, last If the Democrats had had a serious ment providing another $250 million for week, the Senate confirmed President reason for their obstruction of the the administration and security of Trump’s 150th judge. That is a signifi- President’s judicial nominees, they elections, to help States improve their cant milestone and one that has been would not have been repeatedly turn- defenses and shore up their voting sys- harder to achieve than it normally ing around and voting for them. Their tems. would be thanks to the Democrats’ de- obstruction isn’t based on principle; it I am proud to have helped develop termination to delay judicial confirma- is based on partisanship. They don’t this amendment and to cosponsor it in tions. Again and again, the Democrats like this President, so they are ob- committee. That would bring our total have used the time-consuming cloture structing his nominees even when they allocation for election security to more vote process to delay the confirmations agree they are well qualified for their than $600 million since fiscal 2008. of President Trump’s nominees—even positions. As a result, we are forced to It is a crucial issue. The Trump ad- of nominees they ultimately chose to spend hours upon hours of Senate floor ministration has made enormous vote for. time on uncontroversial nominations— strides to help States secure their elec- By this point in President Obama’s time we could be using for other prior- tions without giving Washington new first term, the Republicans had re- ities. power to push the States around. That quired cloture votes on just three of Democratic delays are also not help- is how we continue the progress we saw President Obama’s judicial nominees— ing the judicial vacancy rate, which is in 2018, and that is exactly what we are three. Compare that to today. As of still high despite the Republicans’ ef- doing. September 12, the Democrats had re- forts to get judges confirmed. High This is exactly the kind of positive quired cloture votes on a staggering numbers of vacancies result in there outcome that is possible when we stop 71.7 percent of President Trump’s picks being long waits to get cases heard, posturing for the press and let Chair- for the bench—71 percent. Basically, which serves nobody. man SHELBY and Senator LEAHY con- for more than two out of every three While Democratic obstruction is bad duct a bipartisan committee process. judges, the Democrats have required enough, unfortunately, we have a lot As time grows shorter before the end cloture votes. That simply means they more to worry about. In recent of September, I hope the critical de- have filibustered that particular nomi- months, the Democrats have moved be- fense funding that Democrats blocked nee. The way you end the filibuster is yond obstruction and into directly yesterday will soon earn the same kind by invoking cloture. threatening the independence of the ju- of productive treatment, because I When the Republicans were in the diciary. Court-packing—an idea that don’t think the American people will minority when President Obama was in pretty much everybody thought had have much patience with the notion the White House, at this point in Presi- been consigned to the dustbin of his- that Democrats’ first responsibility is dent Obama’s first term, the Demo- tory almost a century ago—is enjoying irritating the White House and funding cratic majority had invoked cloture a revival among members of the Demo- the Department of Defense coming sec- just three times for three judges whom cratic Party. ond. the Republicans had tried to block. As For anyone who needs a refresher on I hope we can reboot this process and I said, right now, at the same point in this concept, the theory of court-pack- move forward for the sake of our Sen- President Trump’s first term, we are ing is quite simple. If the Supreme ate process, for the sake of stable fund- talking about almost 72 percent of all Court is not deciding cases to your lik- ing for our government, and for the of the nominations combined having ing, add more judges to the Court until sake of our Nation’s security. been filibustered. If you think about you start getting the decisions you f that and if you add it up totally, cumu- want. It is not hard to see why this is latively, it is about 100 now compared a terrible idea, but that hasn’t stopped RESERVATION OF LEADER TIME to 3 during President Obama’s first it from gaining traction in the Demo- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under term at the same time in office. cratic Party. In fact, five prominent the previous order, the leadership time As I have said, many of these were Democrats—including a Democratic is reserved. nominees the Democrats ultimately Presidential candidate and the second-

VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:27 Sep 20, 2019 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G19SE6.002 S19SEPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE September 19, 2019 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S5585 ranking Democrat in the Senate—re- thority? The only way to ensure the While Trump may have never read cently filed an amicus brief with the protection of individuals’ rights is to the Constitution, I have, so let me di- Supreme Court that threatened the ensure the rule of law, and that means rect his attention to article I, which Court if it failed to rule according to having judges who will make decisions makes it clear that the President does the Democrats’ preference. according to the law, not according to not have the authority to declare war. They wrote: their personal preferences or the prin- Only Congress has that power. We are The Supreme Court is not well, and the ciples of a particular political party’s. the ones tasked with deciding when people know it. Perhaps the Court can heal In the wake of the Democrats’ threat and how Americans are sent into com- itself before the public demands it be re- to the Supreme Court, all 53 Repub- bat. We are the ones charged with that structured in order to reduce the influence of lican Senators sent a letter to the Jus- most solemn duty, not Donald Trump politics. tices that underscored our commit- and certainly not Muhammad bin Translation: If you don’t rule the ment to protecting the independence of Salman. Yet Trump is acting as if arti- way we want you to, you will not like the judiciary. We noted in the letter: cle I simply doesn’t exist, as if he could the consequences. There is no greater example of the genius just usurp this power from the legisla- Threatening members of the judici- of our Constitution than its creation of an tive branch and trade it to whomever ary is within the domain of dictators independent judiciary. . . . Time and again, he pleases, as if obeying the Constitu- our independent federal courts have pro- and despots, not Members of the U.S. tion is optional even while he tweets Congress, and it is deeply disturbing tected the constitutional rights of Ameri- cans from government overreach even when that he is willing to obey a foreign that prominent Democrats apparently that overreach was politically popular. prince. now see nothing wrong with trying to If we want our courts to continue This should not be a partisan issue. intimidate the Supreme Court. protecting Americans’ constitutional No matter if you are struggling to pay Unfortunately, it is becoming appar- rights, then we need to ensure they re- rent or if your name is plastered in ent that there are few lengths to which main independent. gold on the front of a building on Fifth the Democrats will not go in their in- The Democrats’ interest in having Avenue, no one can overrule the Con- creasingly desperate partisanship. Just judges who will rule according to their stitution. Trump doesn’t get to mire us this week, we saw the Democrats leap preferred outcomes is not new, but in in yet another Middle East conflict on the opportunity to drag Justice the past, their interest has not led just because he has a bizarre tendency Kavanaugh’s name through the mud them to attempt to bully judges into to bow down and kiss up to the world’s again based on yet another vague and voting their way. I hope the Democrats cruelest tyrants. unsubstantiated rumor. will think better of their repressive Whether you ask constitutional More than one Democratic Presi- tactics before our independent judici- scholars or high school students taking dential candidate instantly cried that ary becomes the victim of their polit- U.S. history classes, they will tell you he should be impeached. What was the ical agenda. the same thing—that on matters of basis for such a drastic suggestion? It I yield the floor. military force, whether they are our al- was a New York Times article that The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- lies or our adversaries, American Presi- was, as the leader pointed out, so short ator from Illinois. dents do not get to choose to take or- on reporting that it ran on the opinion AUTHORIZATION FOR USE OF MILITARY FORCE ders from foreign leaders. They take page of the New York Times instead of Ms. DUCKWORTH. Madam President, direction from Congress—full stop. in the news section, not to mention I could stay here all day, listening to I am here to say that we have not au- that after running this piece, the the names of the brave men and women thorized him to ensnare us in another Times had to quickly issue a correction whom I was lucky enough to serve with endless, senseless war. and note a glaring omission in the in the military. I could stay here all We haven’t debated and passed a new original story. What was the omission? night, telling stories about their her- authorization for the use of military It was the fact that the supposed vic- oism and courage. I could stay here all force in more than 15 years, and there tim of Justice Kavanaugh’s supposed week, all month, talking about the is just no way that the AUMF passed to behavior declined to be interviewed troops who are serving overseas right go after the perpetrators of 9/11 can and that her friends said she had no now and about those who are on their justify military action against Iran memory of the alleged incident. eighth or ninth tours of duty or about nearly two decades later, sending It is not hard to see what is behind those teenagers who weren’t even alive troops overseas who may not have even the Democrats’ relentless campaign to when the Twin Towers fell, yet who are been alive when that AUMF was voted smear Justice Kavanaugh’s name. They ready to ship off to Afghanistan at this on. are furious that it was a Republican very moment if that is what is asked of Listen, it is not just me who believes and not a Democratic President who them. I could go on and on all year if this. It is not just my fellow Democrats had the opportunity to choose a Jus- I wanted, and I still wouldn’t be able to in the Senate either. During the con- tice to replace a perceived swing vote convey the sacrifices they are making firmation hearing for now-Secretary of on the Supreme Court, and they are because they love this country and Defense Mark Esper, I asked Trump’s afraid that Justice Kavanaugh will not would do anything to defend her. own nominee point-blank whether the issue the rulings they want. I will not stand idly by and let a sin- existing AUMF gives this administra- Here we get to the heart of the prob- gle one of them shed blood in an avoid- tion the right to conduct a war with lem with the Democrats’ increasingly able conflict because Donald Trump Iran. His answer? His answer was: No. unhinged leftism and attacks on the ju- has abdicated matters of war and peace No, they do not. diciary. The Democrats aren’t looking to a despot who regularly flouts basic Even in decades past, when prior for judges or a judiciary that will rule human rights and openly murders jour- Presidents have gotten us entangled in according to the law; they are looking nalists. Yet, after tensions spiked be- bad wars based on bad intelligence, at for a judiciary that will rule in accord- tween Saudi Arabia and Iran this past the very least they made sure to loop ance with the Democrats’ preferred weekend, that is exactly what he in the United Nations, but Trump is policies whether they have anything to seemed to be willing to do. He tweeted acting as if he wouldn’t even do that. do with the law or not, and that is a that the U.S. was ‘‘locked and loaded’’ He is too busy thumping his chest and very dangerous goal. and just waiting for the Crown Prince catering to the whims of autocrats. He Sure, it might seem nice when an ac- to tell him how to proceed. We can’t let is too infatuated with maximum pres- tivist judge who shares your political that slip by. sure to consider even minimum diplo- opinions reaches outside the meaning The President—the Commander in macy, too distracted beating the drums of the statute and rules for your pre- Chief of the greatest military of the of war to even think about how many ferred outcome. Yet what happens greatest democracy on the face of the troops he would be sending into harm’s when that same judge reaches beyond Earth—just suggested that he was out- way. the law to your detriment? What pro- sourcing the powers of war to a foreign For what? To protect the Saudi oil tection do you have if the judge and monarch—powers that aren’t even his industry or the Crown Prince’s per- not the law becomes the highest au- to hand over—and he did it in a tweet. sonal profits?

VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:27 Sep 20, 2019 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G19SE6.003 S19SEPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S5586 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 19, 2019 Once again, the Trump foreign policy Commander in Chief would not dole out The Defense Department was very doctrine has proven reckless, senseless, matters of war to the highest bidder. A clear that without this funding, lives and dangerous, full of gaslighting and true leader would not bend to the would be at risk, but that is what Re- bluster, a doctrine in which fact and whims of despots just because of the publicans on the Appropriations Com- fiction are one in the same. size of their bank accounts. A strong mittee proposed. The Senate rightly re- It is shameful. It is terrifying that President would not care more about jected that idea. we have a Commander in Chief who keeping tyrants happy than safe- The Republican leader is saying we comes to military decisions by virtue guarding our most precious resource: are hurting the military? Give me a of temper tantrum and then announces the brave men and women willing to break. We are defending the military. them via tweet, a President who lay down their lives to defend our Na- How much bull does the majority lead- doesn’t seem to care that if he keeps on tion. Yet, day after day, Donald Trump er think the American public will swal- the path of fire and fury he has been wraps himself in the flag in the morn- low? They are taking money out of the treading, our own homeland will be in ing and then abandons our servicemem- military to put it in the wall, and he greater danger, more wounded warriors bers and our democratic norms by the says that we are hurting the military? will be sent to Walter Reed, and more afternoon. Oh, no. Leader MCCONNELL is hurting fallen heroes will be laid to rest in the While he may have already shirked the military, and we defended them. hallowed grounds of Arlington. his duty as an elected official, I refuse We defended them because we want the Donald Trump may never have to abandon mine. So as many times as money to go to the military, not to the deigned to put on our Nation’s uni- is necessary, I am going to keep com- wall. form, so he probably doesn’t know that ing back to this Chamber, keep raising By the way, in that regard, Leader the commander’s greatest responsi- my voice under this great Capitol MCCONNELL did not stick with the bility is to safeguard the troops so they dome, and keep demanding what is ac- agreement. The agreement was not are able to carry out the mission. That tually in our Nation’s best interest be- only on the 302(a)s but there would be means we do not send them into harm’s cause, you see, I don’t take my orders bipartisan agreement on where the way recklessly and without full sup- from war criminals or dictators or money on the defense side and the non- port both logistically and legally. princes or monarchs. I don’t serve for- defense side would be distributed. As a former unit commander, I ran eign regimes. I serve the American peo- Instead of consulting Democrats, for Congress so that when the drums of ple. Trump would do well to try that they tried to jam something down our war sounded, I would be in a position sometime. throats, taking money out of defense, to make sure our elected officials fully I yield the floor. out of Head Start and other programs consider the true costs of war, not just I suggest the absence of a quorum. in the health and human services budg- in dollars and cents but in the sac- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The et and put it into the wall. Well, that rifices of our troops and their families. clerk will call the roll. wasn’t going to stand, it isn’t going to That was the vow I made to my buddies The senior assistant legislative clerk stand, and it will not stand. that I deployed with and all those who proceeded to call the roll. I hope Leader MCCONNELL has have served since I hung up my uni- Mr. SCHUMER. Madam President, I learned his lesson. Shutting down the form. ask unanimous consent that the order government or trying to eyeball for the Now, as the drums of war are pound- for the quorum call be rescinded. wall isn’t going to work. Let’s roll up ing once again, I am here today to keep The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without our sleeves and work together. my promise to do our troops justice objection, it is so ordered. My friend the Republican leader and and to make sure Donald Trump does RECOGNITION OF THE MINORITY LEADER Chairman SHELBY have now shown the not outsource overseas yet another The PRESIDING OFFICER. The President that they tried again to fund American job—Congress’s job to de- Democratic leader is recognized. his wall. They have seen, once again, clare war. If the Trump administration APPROPRIATIONS that the votes are not there. They have wants to go to war, they must bring Mr. SCHUMER. Madam President, seen, once again, that when the Senate their case to Congress and give the yesterday, the Senate failed to advance Republicans do the President’s bidding American people a say through their a motion to proceed to a package of ap- and refuse to engage the Democrats, elected representatives. They must re- propriations bills, demonstrating the only thing they accomplish is wast- spect our servicemembers enough to something that Leader MCCONNELL al- ed time. prove why war with Iran is worth turn- ready knew: There are not enough The pattern repeats itself far too fre- ing more moms and dads into Gold votes in the Senate for the President’s quently. The same impulse to do the Star parents. They must testify about wall. President’s bidding—they are so afraid what the end state in Iran actually The Senate refuses to fund the border of this President—and that is what led looks like. wall that the President promised Mex- to the 35-day Trump shutdown earlier Then, when their case has been made, ico would pay for, especially not at the this year. Let’s not repeat that, Repub- when Congress’s debate is done, we expense of our troops and their families licans. Let’s learn our lessons. should vote. It is our duty. It is the and important public health programs The same impulse led Republicans to least we owe to the troops we would be like childcare and Head Start. Just deny for months disaster aid to Puerto sending into harm’s way. If the vote to yesterday, the Pentagon warned of dire Rico. In each case, whether it be tak- authorize military force passes, then I outcomes if the money to fund the ing money out of needed places like the will be the first person to volunteer to military is not provided. military and putting it into the wall or deploy. I am ready to pack my Read today’s Washington Post. Our not being fair to Puerto Rico when it rucksack, to dust off my uniform. I am military people are upset with this. came to aid, they had to relent and ready to fly helicopters, take on the Now, their chain of command is not work with Democrats. I am glad they grunt work, do whatever else it takes going to publicly say it, but we know did for the good of the country. to uphold that oath that all service- it. Over 120 military projects stand to So enough time has been wasted this members and veterans have sworn: to lose funding, and we aren’t talking work period. Leader MCCONNELL, protect and defend this Nation we love, about fixing parking lots. We are talk- Chairman SHELBY, let’s sit down. It is no matter what. ing about military readiness. We are time for you to sit down and negotiate It would be nice if we had a President talking about medical facilities for with Democrats on the way forward. willing to do the same instead of one troops in North Carolina. We are talk- (Mr. SCOTT of Florida assumed the who thinks he looks tough by pushing ing about schools for military families chair.) us to the brink of a needless conflict. in Kentucky. We are talking about ex- CONTINUING RESOLUTION Listen, Trump may think he comes plosives stored in unsafe conditions. Mr. President, let’s talk about the off as strong by using phrases like We are talking about a very important short-term CR, which was released last ‘‘locked and loaded’’ and by spewing engineering lab at West Point to train night. The continuing resolution is an threats 280 characters at a time, but he our future soldiers. Even hurricane re- important measure to keep the govern- has never seemed weaker to me. A real covery projects in Florida are at risk. ment open until late November and

VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:27 Sep 20, 2019 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G19SE6.005 S19SEPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE September 19, 2019 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S5587 allow appropriators to get a bipartisan jected this amendment. Maybe, just at the same time do good gun legisla- agreement for fiscal year 2020. maybe, Republicans are starting to tion that will save lives. You cannot One program that has not received come around to our view that election please the NRA unless you do some- enough attention is the agricultural re- security is necessary; that if Ameri- thing that is either regressive or, at lief program known commonly as the cans don’t believe their elections are the very best, toothless. Get it through Commodity Credit Corporation. This is on the up and up, woe is us as a coun- your heads. That is how it is. an important program that should help try and as a democracy. If you want to do something real on all farmers suffering from certain ex- It is not all the money we requested gun legislation and save lives, you have igencies of the market, like price de- and doesn’t include a single solitary re- to reject the NRA’s ministrations. The clines and natural disasters. form that virtually everyone knows we NRA is wildly out of step with the Unfortunately, over the past year, need, but it is a start. Leader MCCON- views of the American public. Its poli- the President turned this important NELL kept saying that we don’t need cies are reactionary; its leadership, re- agricultural relief program that we all the money. I made umpteen speeches calcitrant and divided. support into a giant slush fund. The re- here, in this chair, and the Republican Look no further than the universal lief payments have gotten political. leader denied the need. But now, thank background check bill. Ninety-three Crops in red States have received out- God, he has seen the light. We need percent of Americans, the great major- sized subsidies, while crops in blue more money for election security; ask ity of gun owners, and 80 percent of Re- States were shortchanged. Cotton, for election officials, Democrat or Repub- publicans support the idea. But not the example, has gotten a huge subsidy, lican, throughout the country. I hope NRA. As for yesterday’s plan floated by compared to dairy and specialty crops, today’s vote means Senate Republicans the Republican Attorney General, a fruits and vegetables. The payments are beginning to see the light on elec- plan that would only modestly expand were not matched to the damage tion security. background checks, representatives of caused to each crop. Even soybeans, While this funding is important, it is the NRA called it a nonstarter. the supposed reason for this at the be- not the only thing we need to do to se- The views of the NRA and the views ginning, were greatly shortchanged for cure our elections from Russian, Chi- of the American public are fundamen- cotton, and even now cotton is being nese, Iranian, or any other foreign tally incompatible. President Trump, treated better. country’s interference. There are mul- Leader MCCONNELL, Senate Repub- In addition—and just as bad, if not tiple bipartisan pieces of legislation licans, which side are you on? Are you worse—there have been huge amounts awaiting action on the floor that would with the NRA or are you with the of waste and abuse in the program. counter foreign influence operations American people? Large agribusinesses, including some against our democracy, safeguard our I yield the floor. foreign agribusinesses, like a Brazilian elections, and deter foreign adversaries I suggest the absence of a quorum. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The beef corporation, are receiving funding from even attempting to interfere. through this program while American We have been warned time and again clerk will call the roll. The senior assistant legislative clerk dairy farmers are passed over. by our national security leaders—near- There are limits on the CCC program. proceeded to call the roll. ly all of them Republicans appointed If you make over $900,000, you Mr. CORNYN. Mr. President, I ask by President Trump—that China and, shouldn’t get any money. The most unanimous consent that the order for of course, Russia are potential threats any farm can get is $250,000 if there are the quorum call be rescinded. in 2020. We cannot sit on our hands two farmers in the family, a husband The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without while our adversaries try to replicate and a wife. Those don’t seem to abate objection, it is so ordered. and outdo what Putin accomplished in either. PRESCRIPTION DRUG COSTS We are very pleased that Republicans 2016. Mr. CORNYN. Mr. President, today Leader MCCONNELL should bring the acceded to our wish. Democrats were Speaker PELOSI unveiled the House’s bipartisan bills. We are getting the able to inject some transparency into plan to try to lower out-of-pocket costs money in approps, but we need more the agricultural relief program. for prescription drugs. This, of course, legislation to refine where the dollars In this short-term CR, we require re- has been a priority for many of us in are. porting on whether the funding is Washington, including the Presiding going to foreign sources and justifica- Leader MCCONNELL, now that you have seen the light on the money, go Officer. tion for why money went where it did. We have been working on it really one step further: Bring the bipartisan We are going to look at this report be- hard here in the Senate. Actually, bills—the Defending American Secu- fore we move to the full appropriations three standing committees of the Sen- rity from Kremlin Aggression Act, the bill in a month or two to make sure the ate have now reported out legislation Secure Elections Act, and the DETER money is going to our American farm- dealing with this issue: the Judiciary Act—to the floor for a debate and a ers who need it—not foreigners, not Committee, the Finance Committee, vote. Otherwise, the job will remain in- wealthy agribusiness, not all slanted to and the HELP Committee, or the complete and our democracy vulner- one product like cotton when there are Health, Education, Labor, and Pen- able. so many other needs. sions Committee. All are working to- This is a good victory for Democrats BACKGROUND CHECKS gether to try to come with up bipar- in a day of some victories for Demo- Mr. President, finally on guns, yes- tisan packages to lower prescription crats. terday, according to reports, Attorney drug costs. ELECTION SECURITY General Barr came to Capitol Hill to These bills, of course, include ideas Mr. President, there is another discuss a one-page proposal on gun leg- from Republicans and Democrats. bright spot, election security. This islation that he had put together. It be- Mr. President, apparently, we have morning, after months and months of came clear soon after that the White some technical difficulties here. Republican resistance and months of House, seemingly out of fear of reprisal The PRESIDING OFFICER. I can insistent Democratic pressure, Senate by the NRA, was unwilling to embrace hear you better now. Republicans have finally agreed to sup- its own Attorney General’s proposal. Mr. CORNYN. It sounds like we have port our Democratic request for addi- Once again, the White House refused to fixed that. Thank you. tional election security funding in ad- take a stand on what they propose to As I was saying, while these bills in- vance of the 2020 elections. do on the question of gun violence. clude ideas from both Republicans and This is similar to an amendment President Trump and Senate Repub- Democrats, it shouldn’t surprise people Democrats offered during last year’s licans are trying to find a way to have that in an area as complex as this, appropriations process to help States their cake and eat it too—searching for there are going to be some disagree- harden their election infrastructure to a plan that the public will accept and ments along the way. But that is what protect against Russian or Chinese or won’t offend the NRA. It is a fool’s er- we do here: We work through those dis- Iranian interference. rand. agreements and try to build consensus. A year ago, our Republican friends, Leader MCCONNELL, President While I know that it is only a bipar- unfortunately and shortsightedly, re- Trump, you can’t please the NRA and tisan bill that has any chance at all to

VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:27 Sep 20, 2019 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G19SE6.007 S19SEPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S5588 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 19, 2019 make its way to the President’s desk hashed out in the individual appropria- sault or, conversely, to rule out some- for his signature, Speaker PELOSI ap- tions bills, it was a strong start. We body in a sexual assault. pears to have a different approach. thought we had made it past this shut- Also, as a result of uploading of this House Democrats want to replace our down movie and scenario. information, if it is tested, into the free-market healthcare system with We agreed to top-line defense spend- FBI system, or the CODIS system, it the heavyhanded government approach ing and nondefense spending. There can help to solve a myriad of crimes, that puts us on a path to socialized was a promise not to derail the appro- not just sexual assault cases. medicine. They want to allow the gov- priations process with poison pill pol- The Debbie Smith Act is one of those ernment to set prices and put bureau- icy riders, and we got it done with rare cases where there has always been crats at the center of our healthcare plenty of time to spare. bipartisan and bicameral support. More system, instead of patients. Now it appears that our Democratic than $1 billion has been provided to fo- The Speaker’s plan is just the latest friends are backing down from their rensic labs because of this law, ena- example of a partisan messaging docu- commitments, which is a serious mis- bling them to get untested evidence off ment masquerading as legislation, and take on their part. If we can’t work to- the shelf so we can provide victims it has absolutely no chance—zero, zip, gether in good faith and trust that our with answers and we can take these as- nada—of passing the Senate or becom- colleagues will actually stick to their sailants, which, characteristically, ing law. word and keep their commitments, don’t just do it one time—they do it In contrast, the ideas we have been then, that is going to do nothing but multiple times until they are ulti- working on would lower out-of-pocket further erode our ability to function on mately caught—off the street. costs by increasing competition and behalf of the American people. As I said, while the primary goal of transparency, while stopping the bad Imagine my surprise when, yester- the legislation was to reduce the rape actors who try to game the system. Un- day, the Senate voted to begin debate kit backlog, under the Debbie Smith like the House, we have been consid- on the first batch of funding bills and Act, this has provided an abundance of ering bills that have broad bipartisan Democrats blocked it. They stopped it DNA evidence that has been used to support, as I said, which means they dead in its tracks. Even though they solve other numerous crimes. That is have the potential to actually become had agreed to the spending caps and a because once the evidence is tested, it law, to get something done. process to go forward, they blocked it. is uploaded in the FBI’s DNA database, Speaker PELOSI should take note They voted to deny our troops the larg- called CODIS. Similar to the finger- that we in the Senate have done the est pay raise in a decade. They voted to print databases, this DNA database can hard work of finding consensus with withhold vital funding from our mili- help to identify and convict people who our colleagues on both sides of the tary at a time when we face growing commit any type of crime that is under aisle. I encourage our friends in the threats around the world. They voted investigation. House of Representatives to stop wast- to derail the very process they had For example, if a criminal commits a ing time and, instead, start working in agreed to before August. In so doing, burglary in one State, DNA from that a bipartisan fashion and work on legis- they once again put partisan politics burglary case can later be used to con- lation that can actually become law. above our responsibilities to the Amer- nect this criminal to an unsolved rape Only then will the American people see ican people. case in other States. It is that power- the benefit of a reduction in out-of- What is the reason for this? A dis- ful. pocket costs for their prescription agreement over funding allocations of According to the National Institute drugs. 0.003 percent of the total budget—0.003 of Justice, 42 percent of the hits in the APPROPRIATIONS percent of the total budget. That is FBI’s DNA database system are the di- Mr. President, on another matter, like robbing a bank in order to steal rect result of Debbie Smith Act fund- with the end of the fiscal year just a the change from the gumball machine. ing—42 percent. week and a half way, we know the I am really disappointed. We are better Last month, I visited a living com- clock is running out for us to pass than that, and I hope our colleagues munity in Grapevine, TX, called The funding bills. After the longest govern- will reconsider. Gatehouse. This is a place where ment shutdown in history earlier this Our national security is on the line. women and children who have been vic- year, I thought there was bipartisan If there is one thing we ought to do timized by domestic violence find the support to get the regular appropria- above all else, it is to provide for the care and resources they need to restart tions process back on track. Both par- defense and to make sure that the their lives. I spoke with survivors of ties knew there was a funding crisis at American people are safe and that sexual assault, advocates, and law en- stake this fall if we couldn’t come to- those who put themselves in harm’s forcement about the impact of the gether and reach a compromise. way and who volunteer to wear the uni- Debbie Smith Act and the need to reau- So that is exactly what we did before form of the U.S. military are treated thorize this critical program before it the August break. Our colleagues on with respect and fairness. It is inappro- expires at the end of the month. the Appropriations Committee, led by priate and it is just wrong to play Here is the thing that completely the chairman, Senator SHELBY, worked games with national security or with confounds me. The Debbie Smith Act is day and night to reach an agreement our military, as our Democratic col- not partisan. It is not even controver- that was acceptable to both parties in leagues appear to be doing. sial. It is not divisive. The last time we both Chambers, as well as earning the DEBBIE SMITH ACT voted on it, not a single Senator voted support of the President. That is not Finally, Mr. President, 4 months ago, no. So there is no reason for the House easy to do. That was the 2-year budget the Senate passed a bipartisan bill that to stall on this critical legislation. If caps agreement. But they got it done. I introduced with the Senator from the House doesn’t act by the end of the That is until the August recess oc- California, Mrs. FEINSTEIN, to reau- month, it will expire. curred, and, apparently, memories thorize what has arguably been the sin- Once again, I urge Speaker PELOSI to faded about what exactly had been gle greatest driver behind our progress allow this bill to go to the floor of the agreed to, or people reconsidered their to reduce the rape kit backlog. House without further delay. It would previous agreement and decided to The Debbie Smith Act was first be simply shameful to allow this pro- withdraw their consent. passed in 2004 to provide State and gram to expire, especially when she has We knew this caps deal, as imperfect local crime labs with the resources a bipartisan bill in her hand and all she as it was, would lay the foundation for they need to end the backlog of un- has to do is allow it to go to the floor the appropriations process this fall and solved crimes. At one point, we learned of the House for a vote. get us out of this reoccurring movie there were perhaps as many as 400,000 I yield the floor. called the looming shutdown. forensic kits, or rape kits, sitting ei- I suggest the absence of a quorum. At the end of July, we passed a 2-year ther in evidence lockers or in labs that The PRESIDING OFFICER. The budget agreement. It was a fair com- had been untested—400,000. In each one clerk will call the roll. promise, considering everybody’s inter- of those kits is the evidence needed to The legislative clerk proceeded to ests. While there are still details to be identify the assailant in a sexual as- call the roll.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:27 Sep 20, 2019 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G19SE6.008 S19SEPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE September 19, 2019 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S5589 Mr. CARDIN. Madam President, I ask provides for a presale check as to weapons. There has been no action, unanimous consent that the order for whether an individual is entitled to though, on the floor of the Senate. The the quorum call be rescinded own a handgun. As I am sure my col- Republican leader will not bring up any The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mrs. leagues are aware, the Supreme Court issues on gun safety. FISCHER). Without objection, it is so of the United States has determined I could add legislation with regard to ordered. that the Second Amendment is not ab- the large-capacity magazines. We see BACKGROUND CHECKS solute. If you have been convicted of a that. They are used in mass shootings Mr. CARDIN. Madam President, in violent crime, if you have mental because you can shoot off multiple February of this year, the House of issues, you are not entitled to have a rounds without reloading. Again, as we Representatives passed what is known handgun. The Brady presale check de- have seen in mass shooting cir- as the universal background check in termines whether you fall into those cumstances, it has added to the num- regard to gun sales. Since that time, categories, and they will deny you the ber of deaths. It is not inconveniencing the Senate has had no action whatso- right to buy a handgun if you do. the public to restrict that type of ca- ever on gun safety issues. Leader Since its inception in 1993, 3 million pacity from being out there, which is MCCONNELL could bring this bill to the sales have been stopped. It works. It is known to cause harm by those who floor, and I am confident we have the compliant with the Supreme Court, want to create a situation of mass cas- support to pass it. and it doesn’t interfere with legitimate ualties. Again, there has been no ac- I do hear from many of my colleagues Second Amendment rights. It was tion on the floor of the Senate by the on the other side of the aisle that we passed in 1993. It is now 2019. Sellers of Republican leader. are waiting for the President, and un- handguns have figured out a way to get We have bipartisan legislation that less the President signs off on a bill, around the 1993 law with private sales, would identify those individuals who they are not interested in bringing it gun shows, and internet sales. We pose extreme risks so that there is a up. The last time I checked the Con- didn’t have internet gun sales in 1993. red flag placed on those individuals stitution of the United States, the first We need to close those loopholes. that prevents them from being able to article of the Constitution provides for Here is the situation. Some States purchase handguns—bipartisan legisla- the legislative branch of government, have done this. In the States that have tion. Our States are acting, but there and that is us. We make the laws, not done it, we see that the results are fa- has been no action on the floor of the the President of the United States. It vorable. There is less gun violence in U.S. Senate. The Republican leader is up to us to deliver and consider leg- those States that have passed universal will not even bring that up. We could go over a whole host of islation and pass legislation. Yet there background checks. However, let me other issues, such as mental health and is no action from the floor of the Sen- just tell you about the State of Mary- earlier identification—those types of ate. Leader MCCONNELL will not bring land. Of the guns that are recovered services. There are a lot of things we up gun safety legislation. from crime scenes in Maryland, 53 per- can do. I would hope that the one op- Every day we wait—every single cent are guns that were acquired in a tion that would be off the table would day—100 people in America die from State outside of Maryland. We need be that of doing nothing, but that gun violence. That is why many of us universal background checks in order seems to be the Republican leader’s are frequently speaking on the floor of to provide the types of results that can preferred option—to let this issue rest the Senate about the need to consider keep our communities safer by keeping without there being any action taken gun safety legislation. guns out of the hands of people who are by the Senate. It has been over 200 days It has been over 200 days since the not entitled to have guns. since the House of Representatives House took bipartisan action on the How do the American people feel acted, but there has been no action universal background checks. Since about this? There are 90-plus percent here on the floor of the Senate. that time, we have seen many mass who believe that we should have uni- I urge all of my colleagues to impress shootings, including on August 3 in El versal background checks. Yet there upon the Republican leader that it is Paso, August 4 in Dayton, and August has been no action on the floor of the well past time for us to consider gun 31 in Odessa. There is no action on the U.S. Senate. The Republican leader safety legislation. Let us bring these floor of the Senate. Every day, there will not bring the bill to the floor. This bills to the floor. Let us not wait for are people dying in our communities is a bill that should have been passed a the President of the United States. We and in our homes from gun violence. long time ago. Every day that we are the legislative branch of govern- Yet there is no action on the floor of delay, there are another 100 deaths ment. Let us act and do the right thing the Senate. from gun violence. to keep our communities and our The United States is an outlier We shouldn’t stop there. We should homes safer. among the developed nations in the deal with assault-style military weap- I suggest the absence of a quorum. world. We have 10 times, 20 times, 30 ons. When someone has one of these as- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The times more instances of gun violence sault weapons, within a matter of sec- clerk will call the roll. than in developed countries in the onds, he can shoot off multiple rounds The senior assistant legislative clerk world. We have more guns in private and kill multiple numbers of people. proceeded to call the roll. ownership than the people of developed Even if you have those who come to Mr. DURBIN. Madam President, I ask worlds, more suicides, more mass the rescue—if law enforcement is on unanimous consent that the order for shootings, more gun violence. Yet the scene or people are able to deal the quorum call be rescinded. there is no action on the floor of the with the circumstances—in a matter of The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Senate. seconds, you can already have multiple objection, it is so ordered. The issue is kind of simple. Inaction casualties. We need to get rid of these Mr. DURBIN. Madam President, let is not an answer to gun violence in military-style weapons in private own- me join the Senator from Maryland in America. Americans are expecting us— ership. expressing my frustration. Many of us the Members of the Senate—to con- When you talk to law enforcement worked long and hard to be elected to sider gun safety legislation. We want officers and ask them what they fear the U.S. Senate, not just to represent the majority leader to bring that bill the most when they go into a situation our States but to respond to the chal- to the floor today before another 100 in which someone is armed, it is the as- lenges that face us in the United people die. Let us take action. sault weapons they fear. It is not fair States. The challenge of gun safety I mentioned several times the bill to our law enforcement officers, who faces everyone. Thank you to the Sen- that passed the House of Representa- put their lives on the line for us and ator from Maryland for making that tives over 200 days ago, the universal who rush into harm’s way, to allow for point on the floor of the Senate. background checks. Let me just talk a these types of weapons to be available Many people come to the Senate Gal- moment about why that bill needs to to the general public. leries, sit in the chairs, and wait for be considered and passed as soon as We can do something about it. Let us the Senate to act. It is a long waiting possible. In 1993, we passed the Brady take up legislation that restricts the game because, unfortunately, the Sen- Handgun Violence Prevention Act. It private ownership of assault-style ate does little or nothing under the

VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:27 Sep 20, 2019 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G19SE6.010 S19SEPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S5590 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 19, 2019 leadership of Senator MCCONNELL. I are going to have a background check they were being removed from their don’t know why this Senator has not bill and that it will be the best in the parents and the trauma they went accepted the fact that the U.S. Senate history of the world. Well, I was skep- through as a result. has an important role to play. We tical when he said it. I am even more So why aren’t we debating the immi- speak for people not only in Illinois skeptical today. I knew what would gration policy on the floor of the U.S. and in Maryland but for those all happen. When the President had a Senate? I am told that perhaps, later across the United States, and they are choice between the public interest of today, the junior Senator from Utah— very concerned. gun safety and the special interest of at this point, I think he is the senior In the recent trip home over the re- the National Rifle Association, the Na- Senator from Utah—will come forward cess, I visited some of the areas around tional Rifle Association prevailed. with a unanimous consent request to Chicago and in the city, and there were This President refuses to come for- consider fixing one part of the immi- many conversations about the gun vio- ward with any proposal, and Senator gration problem. I want to fix that lence that we see across America. That MCCONNELL believes his hands are tied problem and many more. gun violence has been punctuated by and cannot bring this issue to the floor THE DREAM ACT the horrible events in El Paso and of the Senate. He cannot run the risk Madam President, I want to make Odessa, TX, and in other communities that his Members would have to be on sure that when we come to the floor to that have been affected by these mass the record as having taken a vote, as discuss immigration, as we should, killings. We have become numb, I am they were elected to do, on an issue of that we take up the issue of the afraid, to the reality of gun violence in this importance. DREAM Act. America. We have decided, I am afraid, S. 386 The DREAM Act was a bill that I in- that the Second Amendment to the Madam President, this is not the troduced in the Senate 18 years ago. It Constitution is somehow holding us only issue that we are ignoring—the states, if you were brought to the back—binding us and restraining us— only issue that is, frankly, not even United States as a child and are un- from even doing the most basic things. being considered on the floor of the documented in this country but you Overwhelmingly, the people of Amer- Senate. There is another one that is have gone through school and have had ica, by a factor of over 90 percent— equally important to me and to most no criminal record of any serious con- Democrats and Republicans—believe people across this country, and that is sequence, you deserve a chance to be that we should have background dealing with the challenge of immigra- able to earn your way to legal status checks. We believe that the people who tion. have been convicted of violent felonies A few years ago, a bipartisan group and citizenship. I introduced this bill 18 shouldn’t own guns—period. We be- of Senators—eight of us—I, Senator years ago. It passed in the Senate in 1 year and passed in the House in an- lieve, as well, that when it comes to McCain, Senator SCHUMER, and oth- those who have serious mental insta- ers—sat down and wrote a comprehen- other, but it has never come up with bility, they should also be precluded sive immigration reform bill. It was the 60 votes—the supermajority re- from gun ownership. The laws do not months of Republicans and Democrats quirement—in the Senate. allow us to adequately ask the ques- sitting down, face-to-face, night after President Obama was a cosponsor tion or to test whether the buyer has night, going through every section of when he was in the Senate, and when been convicted of a felony or has such our immigration code to come up with he had the White House under his con- a background. a comprehensive bill to deal with the trol, I asked him to consider an Execu- In the city of Chicago, hardly a week- obvious shortcomings, but we did it. tive order to achieve the same goal, end goes by without there being dozens We brought it to the floor of the Sen- and he did. He created a program called shot and 9 or 10 or more losing their ate and it received 68 votes. There were DACA. There were 790,000 young people lives. Most of them are young people, across America who paid the filing fee, but not exclusively. Older people, as 14 Republicans who joined the Demo- crats to pass this comprehensive immi- who went through the criminal back- well, are caught in the crossfire. ground checks, and who then received People say: Well, I thought Chicago gration reform. We sent it to the Re- publican House of Representatives, and the protection to stay in this country had these tough gun laws. What is and work legally. going on there? Why do you have so Speaker Boehner refused to even con- sider it. So all of our effort and all of Of course, in September of 2017, many gun deaths? President Trump abolished this pro- The answer is obvious for those of us our work was really for nothing. gram. It took away the protection who spend time in that great city. We We continue to face the challenge of these young people had. He was chal- are about 20 minutes away from north- immigration. We know what it is like lenged in court, and the court said we western Indiana and from the gun at the border. Under this President, we are going to continue this program shows that are held there, where people have seen the worst border situation in until it is resolved at the highest levels don’t ask questions when they sell fire- modern times. His refusal to acknowl- of our Federal judiciary as to whether arms. All you need to do is to have the edge the three Central American coun- President Trump has this authority. money and the open trunk of your car tries that are sending all of these im- to fill it up with guns and drive them migrants to the United States has led On November 12, across the street, back to the city of Chicago. That is to some horrible circumstances. the U.S. Supreme Court will consider why no State can solve this problem. Recently, the inspector general of that case—790,000 lives and more, for We need Federal legislation. Health and Human Services came for- that matter, hang in the balance of As I talk to people across this coun- ward with a report on the Trump ad- how the Justices will make this deci- try, they tell me the heartbreaking ministration’s response to this border sion on their future. stories of sitting down with their chil- crisis. It was a report on the policy of This should be debated on the floor of dren who have gone through some drill zero tolerance. I am sure you will re- the Senate. It is why we are here. It is or program at school to forewarn them member it. It was under Attorney Gen- why we were elected. I think we can of what would happen if an active eral Sessions, and he somehow found a find bipartisan answers to many of shooter were to come onto the prem- quotation in the Bible to justify forc- these questions, but we need the Sen- ises. As we know, that reality is not be- ibly removing children from their par- ate majority leader, the Republican yond reach. In Connecticut, we saw a ents. We removed 2,880 children from leader, to really accept the reality of beautiful first grade class that was at- their parents at the border under this the Senate actually going to work. In- tacked by a killer with a weapon who zero tolerance policy before there was stead of speeches by individual Sen- took the lives of those children. If that an uprising in the United States ators on the floor, as impressive as scandalous massacre of children in a against it and before the President they may be, we might actually pass a first grade classroom didn’t move this backed off of it. law. Think of that—a bill coming to Congress and this President to act, I commend the inspector general’s re- the floor, subject to amendment, and what will? port on what happened to those chil- actual debate in the Senate Chamber. The President said to me in a con- dren—to every American. I saw it first- We would fill the Galleries. It is such a versation several weeks ago that we hand. I witnessed these children as novelty. It doesn’t happen anymore.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:27 Sep 20, 2019 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G19SE6.012 S19SEPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE September 19, 2019 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S5591 Unfortunately for America, many CLOTURE MOTION EXECUTIVE SESSION issues, whether it is gun safety or sen- We, the undersigned Senators, in accord- sible immigration policy, are the vic- ance with the provisions of rule XXII of the tims of our inaction in the U.S. Senate. Standing Rules of the Senate, do hereby EXECUTIVE CALENDAR move to bring to a close debate on the nomi- We can do better, and we should. Ulti- Mr. MCCONNELL. Madam President, mately, the American people have the nation of Joseph Cella, of Michigan, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Pleni- I move to proceed to executive session last word as to whether this Senate potentiary of the United States of America to consider Calendar No. 292. will act on issues like gun safety and to the Republic of Fiji, and to serve concur- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The immigration. The last word is your rently and without additional compensation question is on agreeing to the motion. vote. In the next election, I hope more as Ambassador Extraordinary and Pleni- The motion was agreed to. and more Americans will vote for a potentiary of the United States of America The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senate that responds to the challenges to the Republic of Kiribati, the Republic of clerk will report the nomination. Nauru, the Kingdom of Tonga, and Tuvalu. of our day and doesn’t avoid our re- The senior assistant legislative clerk sponsibility under the Constitution. Mitch McConnell, David Perdue, John Cornyn, John Barrasso, Mike Crapo, read the nomination of David Fabian I yield the floor. John Thune, Tim Scott, John Hoeven, Black, of North Dakota, to be Deputy I suggest the absence of a quorum. Shelley Moore Capito, Kevin Cramer, Commissioner of Social Security for a The PRESIDING OFFICER. The John Boozman, Steve Daines, Richard term expiring January 19, 2025. (Re- clerk will call the roll. Burr, James E. Risch, Roy Blunt, appointment) The senior assistant legislative clerk Thom Tillis, Martha McSally. CLOTURE MOTION proceeded to call the roll. f Mr. MCCONNELL. Madam President, Mr. MCCONNELL. Madam President, LEGISLATIVE SESSION I send a cloture motion to the desk. I ask unanimous consent that the order The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clo- for the quorum call be rescinded. Mr. MCCONNELL. Madam President, ture motion having been presented The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without I move to proceed to legislative ses- under rule XXII, the Chair directs the objection, it is so ordered. sion. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk to read the motion. f question is on agreeing to the motion. The senior assistant legislative clerk ORDER OF BUSINESS The motion was agreed to. read as follows: CLOTURE MOTION Mr. MCCONNELL. Madam President, f for the information of all of our col- We, the undersigned Senators, in accord- EXECUTIVE SESSION ance with the provisions of rule XXII of the leagues, the next vote will occur at 5:30 Standing Rules of the Senate, do hereby p.m. on Monday, cloture on the move to bring to a close debate on the nomi- McGuire nomination. EXECUTIVE CALENDAR nation of David Fabian Black, of North Da- kota, to be Deputy Commissioner of Social f Mr. MCCONNELL. Madam President, Security for a term expiring January 19, LEGISLATIVE SESSION I move to proceed to executive session 2025. (Reappointment) to consider Calendar No. 367. Mitch McConnell, David Perdue, John Mr. MCCONNELL. Madam President, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Cornyn, John Barrasso, Mike Crapo, I move to proceed to legislative ses- question is on agreeing to the motion. John Thune, Tim Scott, John Hoeven, sion. The motion was agreed to. Shelley Moore Capito, Kevin Cramer, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The The PRESIDING OFFICER. The John Boozman, Steve Daines, Richard question is on agreeing to the motion. clerk will report the nomination. Burr, James E. Risch, Roy Blunt, The motion was agreed to. The senior assistant legislative clerk Thom Tillis, Martha McSally. f read the nomination of Daniel Habib Mr. MCCONNELL. Madam President, Jorjani, of Kentucky, to be Solicitor of I ask unanimous consent that the man- EXECUTIVE SESSION the Department of the Interior. datory quorum calls be waived. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without CLOTURE MOTION objection, it is so ordered. Mr. MCCONNELL. Madam President, EXECUTIVE CALENDAR The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- I send a cloture motion to the desk. Mr. MCCONNELL. Madam President, ator from Utah. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clo- I move to proceed to executive session ture motion having been presented f to consider Calendar No. 176. under rule XXII, the Chair directs the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The UNANIMOUS CONSENT REQUEST— clerk to read the motion. question is on agreeing to the motion. H.R. 1044 The senior assistant legislative clerk The motion was agreed to. read as follows: Mr. LEE. Madam President, I ask The PRESIDING OFFICER. The unanimous consent that the Judiciary CLOTURE MOTION clerk will report the nomination. Committee be discharged from further We, the undersigned Senators, in accord- The senior assistant legislative clerk consideration of H.R. 1044 and that the read the nomination of Joseph Cella, of ance with the provisions of rule XXII of the Standing Rules of the Senate, do hereby Senate proceed to its immediate con- Michigan, to be Ambassador Extraor- move to bring to a close debate on the nomi- sideration. dinary and Plenipotentiary of the nation of Daniel Habib Jorjani, of Kentucky, I ask unanimous consent that the United States of America to the Repub- to be Solicitor of the Department of the In- Lee amendment, No. 939, be agreed to, lic of Fiji, and to serve concurrently terior. that the bill as amended be considered and without additional compensation Mitch McConnell, David Perdue, John read a third time and passed, and that as Ambassador Extraordinary and Cornyn, John Barrasso, Mike Crapo, the motions to reconsider be consid- John Thune, Tim Scott, John Hoeven, Plenipotentiary of the United States of ered made and laid upon the table. America to the Republic of Kiribati, Shelley Moore Capito, Kevin Cramer, John Boozman, Steve Daines, Richard The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there the Republic of Nauru, the Kingdom of Burr, James E. Risch, Roy Blunt, objection? Tonga, and Tuvalu. Thom Tillis, Martha McSally. Mr. PERDUE. Madam President, I CLOTURE MOTION f want to commend my good friend from Mr. MCCONNELL. Madam President, the great State of Utah, Senator MIKE I send a cloture motion to the desk. LEGISLATIVE SESSION LEE, for his work on putting this bill The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clo- Mr. MCCONNELL. Madam President, together and pulling the people to- ture motion having been presented I move to proceed to legislative ses- gether to support this bill. under rule XXII, the Chair directs the sion. I support this bill. We have some lan- clerk to read the motion. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The guage that needs to be clarified, and I The senior assistant legislative clerk question is on agreeing to the motion. still have some concerns about the im- read as follows: The motion was agreed to. pact this legislation would have on

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:48 Sep 20, 2019 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00009 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G19SE6.013 S19SEPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S5592 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 19, 2019 some specific industries in not only my Among other things, our laws should my hypothetical example happened to State but in the country. I want to be consistent with our Nation’s deeply have been born in a different country work with Senator LEE in addressing held beliefs and values. A system of than the first. They are otherwise iden- these concerns and come to a resolu- laws should also be clear and coherent, tically situated to each other, but one tion on this very quickly. I commit to meaning that it should not only give may be processed within a year, and working with him and his team to adequate notice of what is required in the other may languish for decades. make sure we get to a resolution be- order for a person to comply with the This is because, under the per-country cause we want the exact same thing, law, but it also should be something cap system, immigrants from larger, and this is totally consistent with what that is capable of being complied with. more populated countries are only eli- President Trump is trying to do in his Finally, the means employed by any gible to receive the same number of long-term work to fix our broken im- law should be consistent with the ob- green cards annually as immigrants migration system. jectives that law seeks to accomplish. from smaller countries. As a result, the With that, I object. These are not partisan principles. They wait times for immigrants from larger The PRESIDING OFFICER. Objec- are simple yet incredibly important countries have grown and grown decade tion is heard. guideposts that should direct the ac- after decade, with no end in sight. This The Senator from Utah. tions of anyone entrusted with crafting amounts to a de facto country-of-origin Mr. LEE. Madam President, I want to a legal system, as we certainly are in discrimination, plain and simple, and recognize my appreciation for the Sen- this Chamber. no amount of legalese or wonkish pol- ator from Georgia, who has expressed a Unfortunately, the laws we pass don’t icy arguments can cover up that fact. good-faith, earnest desire to work with always live up to the standards of fair Beyond its incompatibility with the me on this legislation. I want very and effective and consistent law- deep and abiding principles upon which badly to get this passed. It needs to making. One of the starkest examples this country was founded, the per- pass. I want to talk for a few minutes of our failure to abide by these same country cap system violates another about the reasons this legislation needs principles involves the way we allocate one of those commonsense maxims of to pass. employment-based green cards. good lawmaking that I mentioned ear- I believe this legislation, as amended, Few ideas are more central to who we lier: the need for clarity and for con- as I proposed to be enacted today with are as Americans than the notion that sistency in the law. Lee amendment No. 939, is itself ready people should be judged and treated by Title VII of the Civil Rights Act pro- to be passed into law. In my opinion, their government based on their own vides that it is unlawful for an em- there is no justifiable cause for delay. merits as individuals—as individuals ployer ‘‘to discriminate against any in- We will continue to work on it. I wish with inherent God-given rights—and dividual with respect to his compensa- we could pass it today. It should be not on the basis of the color of their tion, terms, conditions, or privileges of passed today because it is ready. skin or of the country in which they employment, because of such individ- The bill we are talking about, of were born. ual’s race, color, religion, sex, or na- course, is the Fairness for High-Skilled Our Founders wrote: ‘‘We hold these tional origin.’’ Yet the conditions cre- Immigrants Act. This is an important, truths to be self-evident, that all men ated by the per-country caps virtually bipartisan piece of legislation, one that are created equal.’’ Those words are as guarantee that employers on some I have been proud to sponsor, along much a part of our national creed in level must take into account the na- with Senator HARRIS, who has been my this moment as they were when they tional origin when recruiting certain Democratic partner on this issue. were written some 243 years ago. Our immigrant workers. The Fairness for High-Skilled Immi- laws should reflect this. They should If prospective hires from one country grants Act has been a priority of mine reflect the enduring truth found in will be able to obtain a green card in 12 for many years, nearly the entire time those words, which I believe were in- months, while those from another— I have been in the Senate. During that spired. They are inspirational to this even a person who happens to have su- time, it has been the subject of strong day. I believe they were inspired at the perior training and skills—will be un- debate and a lot of scrutiny on the Hill. time they wrote them, and that is why able to obtain a green card for possibly Like most bills, its path to becoming they are lasting in their importance decades, it is virtually unavoidable law has not always been straight or and their persuasive effect. that the employer will take national clear and certainly not clear of obsta- Despite this ideal, section 1152 of the origin into account. Think about that. cles. But with the passage of the com- Immigration and Nationality Act pro- One section of the U.S. Code forbids panion bill in the House of Representa- vides that ‘‘the total number of [em- employers from taking national origin tives by an overwhelming bipartisan ployment-based] visas made available into account when making employ- vote of 365 to 65, I believe that now is to natives of any single foreign state ment decisions; another section makes the moment we really can finally move . . . in any fiscal year may not exceed it impossible for an employer not to forward with this small but critically 7 percent . . . of the total number of take that into account. The grounds on important fix to our immigration sys- such visas made available.’’ That rath- which that kind of system can be de- tem. We could do that. We would be in er antiseptic language, technical and fended as sound public policy are be- a position to do that today had an ob- clinical on its face, is, on closer inspec- yond me. jection not been raised. tion, deeply out of step with our coun- The pernicious consequences of this Notwithstanding that objection, I am try’s commitment to nondiscrimina- intrinsically flawed system do not stop going to continue to work in the com- tion and to equal treatment under the there, as 95 percent of immigrants ing days to make it a reality because law. stuck in the green card backlog are al- this is a reform whose time has come, In practice, section 1152’s 7 percent ready in the United States on tem- and I would like to take a moment to cap on immigrants from any one coun- porary visas. In many cases, they have explain why it deserves support from try means that, if two immigrants brought their spouses and their chil- my colleagues. apply for an employment-based visa at dren with them to build a life in this Again, we have to take into account precisely the same moment and have country. Yet, because temporary visa that this passed the House of Rep- the exact same skills and education holders can only sponsor their foreign- resentatives with a vote of 365 to 65. It and other factors taken into account born child up until the time the child is not easy to find something that can on their applications, one of them may turns 21, many in the backlog, waiting garner that much bipartisan support. wait 12 months for a green card while decades for a green card, are forced to Wrangling over the nuts and bolts his counterpart languishes in the green choose between separating from their and fine-print details of the policy, as card backlog for decades. That is not child as the child ages out of the tem- extremely as important as that is, can an exaggeration—literally decades. porary visa or abandoning their dream at times allow us to lose sight of more The only factor that accounts for of settling in America in order to re- basic foundational principles that this gross and unfair, difficult to jus- turn to their home country in order to should shape any law or any set of laws tify or defend disparity in treatment is keep their family together. In the most we put on the books. the fact that the second immigrant in heartbreaking among those cases—of

VerDate Sep 11 2014 01:52 Sep 20, 2019 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G19SE6.020 S19SEPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE September 19, 2019 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S5593 which there are sadly far too many— would accomplish. Without the per- few weeks ago from another Member. the child was brought here at a very country caps, our skills-based green We have been able to work through young age and may have no memory of card system would operate on a first that Member’s concerns. I am hopeful, the country to which they would be come, first served basis, ensuring that I am optimistic that my colleague who forced to return. immigrants would be admitted into the raised an objection today can be per- It bears repeating. This is happening United States based purely on their suaded that this bill needs to be passed, not because these individuals broke the merit rather than their country of ori- we can address his concerns, and that law—they haven’t done anything gin. we can resolve them. wrong—and it is not because they don’t This reform would also ensure that I will be working with my distin- satisfy the merit-based eligibility cri- the hardships caused by decades-long guished friend and colleague from teria needed to receive an employment- wait times are eliminated. As I have Georgia throughout this weekend to based green card. I understand that im- said in the past, there is no question try to find a solution, some expla- migration laws do have consequences, that immigration is one of if not the nation, or, if necessary, language that and we have to follow the law, but it most politically fraught issues in Con- can win his support. We are very close doesn’t stem from any violation of the gress right now. It makes it all the on what we believe is appropriate and law or any lack of eligibility stemming more important for us, at least, to acceptable. from any factor other than country of come together to get something done I remain steadfastly convinced that origin. It happens for no reason other in the areas where we can find common this law, as written, as amended, as of- than the country in which they happen ground. The Fairness for High-Skilled fered up by unanimous consent today to have been born. Immigrants Act is an important point could and should be the law of the land. If that made sense, if there were of common ground. I believe it is ready for prime time. It some sound principle and public policy Any immigration bill that has 35 is ready to become law, but when seek- that anyone could point to, then per- Senate cosponsors—20 Republicans and ing unanimity on a measure in order to haps we wouldn’t have occasion to be 15 Democrats, as this bill does—pre- pass it, one must do everything one can talking about changing this law. Per- sents a unique opportunity to secure a do in order to seek actual unanimity, haps we wouldn’t have gotten 365 votes, victory for the American people. The and that is what I intend to do in the Democrats and Republicans joining to- reason this bill commands such wide- coming days. I intend to be back next gether in the House of Representatives spread support from all points along week, making yet another attempt to voting to pass this. The fact is, I have the political spectrum is because, as I pass this bill into law, and I hope and yet to meet anyone in this body or in have explained, the arguments in its expect we will be able to do so. the House of Representatives who can favor are not your typical partisan or The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. defend this flawed policy on its merits ideological arguments. No. They are YOUNG). The Senator for Alabama. because it makes no sense. commonsense arguments about the Mr. JONES. Mr. President, thank Finally, the per-country cap system way any rational legal system should you. I appreciate your comment, ‘‘The is irredeemably flawed because, among work in that it makes clear that the Senator for Alabama.’’ That is exactly its other problems, it is also incompat- per-country caps system must go. how I like to be recognized, so thank ible with the goals that our employ- That is what is needed to make our you very much. ment-based visa system are meant to immigration laws consistent with our UNANIMOUS CONSENT REQUEST—H.R. 2486 advance in the first place. The employ- principles, consistent with other laws Mr. President, I rise today to appeal ment-based visa system is supposed to on the books, and consistent with the to my colleagues to support the re- enable American businesses to bring merits-based objectives this component newal of vital funding for historically the best and the brightest to this coun- of our immigration system is meant to Black colleges and universities and all try. Yet, under the per-country caps, a promote. minority-serving institutions. factor that has nothing to do with a The other reason the Fairness for I have risen in this body on more person’s skills or merit distorts and in High-Skilled Immigrants Act has been than one occasion to talk about the many cases ultimately determines the so successful in attracting support importance of HBCUs and minority- recruitment process. This weakens the from both sides of the aisle is because serving institutions. merit-based portion of our immigra- we have scrupulously avoided the typ- Alabama is home to 14 HBCUs—more tion system. Indeed, it is directly at ical poison pills that so often doom than any other State in the country. war with the supposed purpose of our many good-faith attempts at immigra- They are part of the fabric of our econ- employment-based green card system. tion reform. This bill is not com- omy in Alabama and a part of the fab- Despite its obvious deficiencies, the prehensive in its approach. It is not a ric of our society. They are the pride of per-country caps have been part of our comprehensive immigration reform their communities. They are the pride immigration laws since the 1950s. This package. It is not even close to that. of those folks who went there and had is something that came into our law That is, in fact, why this bill is some- relatives who went there and even during the Elvis Presley era, during thing we can actually get done now. those individuals who are not alums or the Buddy Holly era—not exactly That is why this bill is so close to relatives of alums. something that was intended to remain being passed. It is why this bill really Our HBCUs are a source of enduring on the books very long. Regardless of should pass into law today. pride in our State and across this coun- what they intended at the time as far While it does not fix many of the try. They serve an incredibly impor- as how long it should last, I don’t be- other flaws that plague our broken im- tant function. They educate those from lieve they had good, legitimate reasons migration system, it is a great and a underserved communities more than to put it into law then. Whatever rea- vitally important start to reform. If we any other college or university. It is sons they had then certainly don’t are ever to have a chance at modern- important that we continue funding apply now. They are not even discern- izing and repairing our immigration them because their challenges with ible to anyone I know today. laws, we need to recognize that we can- funding are great. It is long past time that we replace not necessarily solve all of our prob- They do not have the endowments that flawed policy with a more rational lems at once. The fact that this is the that other colleges and universities and equitable approach. Fortunately, case shouldn’t stand in the way of us have. They don’t have the source of the solution to these problems is not starting to work on the issues the funding. It is only through our efforts only straightforward, but it is agreed American people sent us here to solve. in Congress and across the country upon by a broad bipartisan coalition of We cannot allow the perfect to be the that we can continue the great work of Senators and Representatives. We must enemy of the excellent. That is why I these HBCUs. simply eliminate the per-country caps have come to seek unanimous consent Recently, the House passed what is in order to ensure a fair and reasonable to pass this legislation today. known as the FUTURE Act, which is allocation of employment-based green Look, I understand it has drawn an H.R. 2486. My colleague Senator SCOTT cards. That is exactly what the Fair- objection, but it has drawn an objec- and I have a similar bill that has been ness for High-Skilled Immigrants Act tion in a way that drew an objection a introduced in the Senate because, at

VerDate Sep 11 2014 01:52 Sep 20, 2019 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00011 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G19SE6.021 S19SEPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S5594 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 19, 2019 the end of September, all funding for The PRESIDING OFFICER. Objec- General Motors hasn’t listened. Auto- HBCUs is set to end. tion is heard. workers are the engine behind GM’s Our act would extend that. We need The Senator from Washington. success. GM wouldn’t be making a to make sure that we fund all of our Mrs. MURRAY. Mr. President, what dime in profit without the workers who HBCUs, that they are not left in the we are seeing here today really dis- actually make their cars and trucks. lurch and not left with any uncertainty appoints me. We have, today, a Back up for a moment. Think about about their future funding. I truly be- straightforward opportunity to prevent what has happened to General Motors. lieve this is such a bipartisan effort a critical part of our higher education The Presiding Officer has autoworkers that we can get this across the finish system—HBCUs, Tribal colleges, and in the State of Indiana, as I do in Ohio. line. I have urged Senator MCCONNELL other minority-serving institutions— Back up 10 years, when General Motors to put this on the floor because it is from having to deal with a lapse in and Chrysler went into bankruptcy. quite urgent. funding. We should take it. This is bi- The taxpayers and workers—through As in legislative session, I ask unani- partisan legislation. It has passed the givebacks—rescued both companies. mous consent that the Senate proceed House. There is no reason at all to For 10 years, GM has gotten more and to the immediate consideration of H.R. delay it a minute longer here in the more profitable. Workers were working 2486, which is at the desk; that the bill Senate. hard, but workers were making signifi- be considered read a third time and I thank the Senator from Alabama cantly less money during those 10 passed; and that the motions to recon- for his leadership on this. I express my years. Then you saw these companies’ sider be considered made and laid upon personal strong support for the FU- profits increase. GM started sending the table with no intervening action or TURE Act, which will give us then more jobs to Mexico to build the Chevy debate. time to work out a permanent fix for Blazer, for instance. The same day, The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there funding HBCUs, Tribal colleges, and they announced the layoff of one shift objection? minority-serving institutions through in Lordstown. Then there were the The Senator for Tennessee. a comprehensive HEA reauthorization, Mr. ALEXANDER. Mr. President, I stock buybacks from the Trump tax which is what I have made clear is nec- am reserving the right to object. cuts, where 80 percent of the tax bene- The Senator from Alabama is a val- essary. fits went to the richest 1 percent of I appreciate what the Senator from ued member of the Health, Education, people in this country. The stock Labor, and Pensions Committee. En- Tennessee said about moving forward buybacks with the GM executives suring that historically Black colleges with higher education reauthorization. meant tens of millions of dollars more and universities have continued fund- I am hopeful we can continue to work in their pocket. Yet they continue to ing is something we all want to do. on reaching a compromise, as we have squeeze workers. Now workers are sim- However, instead of the short-term done on several other pieces of legisla- ply saying: We want to be, in essence, patch, I favor a long-term solution. tion. As I have said before, I believe paid back for the givebacks we did I am ready to do this, along with a any reauthorization of the Higher Edu- when we, as taxpayers and workers, few other bipartisan higher education cation Act needs to have real answers rescued that company. proposals that also have bipartisan to the challenges students are facing Rather than invest in American support. Such a package could include today on affordability and access and workers, the company shut down its permanent mandatory funding of $255 accountability and campus safety. I most productive plant in North Amer- million for historically Black colleges truly believe we have an opportunity ica and laid off hundreds of workers— and universities and reduction of the to get a comprehensive bill done that 4,500 workers, actually—in Lordstown, number of questions on the FAFSA helps solve these challenges for our OH, while announcing they are going that 20 million families fill out every students. to build a place in Mexico. They could year for their Federal aid, as Senators I hope the Senator from Tennessee retool the Lordstown plant. They could BENNET and JONES have proposed. I and our colleagues on the HELP Com- build the Blazer in Ohio, but instead would like to see the Senate pass again mittee continue to focus on our efforts they throw workers out of a job, and the legislation Senator MURRAY and I there. Meanwhile, I believe we should they pay workers way less to make persuaded the Senate to pass that re- listen to the Senator from Alabama. cars in Mexico. duces the current FAFSA to 22 ques- We should pass the bipartisan FUTURE Now GM workers are saying: Enough. tions. Senators SCHATZ, LEE, and DUR- Act instead of playing politics with I stand with them. They are standing BIN have proposed Pell grants for pris- valuable and underresourced institu- up and fighting for increased invest- oners. There is a proposal by Senators tions. ments in their local communities. We PORTMAN and KAINE and many other bi- I yield the floor. know if that Lordstown plant would re- partisan Senators on short-term Pell I suggest the absence of a quorum. open with the Blazer or with an elec- grants for job training. We could ex- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The tric vehicle—a couple of electric vehi- pand Pell grant eligibility. We could clerk will call the roll. cles or whatever they put there—we increase the maximum Pell grant The legislative clerk proceeded to know what that would mean for those award. call the roll. Lordstown families, those GM families. These are all things we should be Mr. BROWN. Mr. President, I ask We know what it would mean to that able to agree on, including funding for unanimous consent that the order for community. historically Black colleges and univer- the quorum call be rescinded. I spoke yesterday with Dave Green, sities. I have been talking with Senator The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without the former President of GM Local 1112. MURRAY now for several years about objection, it is so ordered. He is now working in another GM plant reauthorizing the Higher Education UNITED AUTO WORKERS STRIKE in the Presiding Officer’s home State. Act. I intend to discuss this all with Mr. BROWN. Mr. President, right He is away from his family. He is away her and with our committee members now at this moment, thousands of UAW from home. He didn’t choose that. Doz- next week. workers in Ohio—in places like the ens of workers are in that situation all We have the time to do it because, Chevrolet plant in Parma-Cleveland because GM wanted to move its produc- while the legislation expires at the end area, the transmission plant in Toledo, tion offshore. Those workers are say- of this month, the money doesn’t for the plant in Defiance, OH, and all over ing: Enough. several more months. So, in the mean- the country—are going without their In Lordstown, the workers whose jobs time, I hope we can work together, as paychecks and without their health in- GM took are picketing in solidarity we often do in our committee, to pass surance to demand that General Mo- with other UAW workers at the empty a smaller package of higher education tors respect the work they do to make plant. Reporters asked them why, and proposals, including a long-term pro- their companies successful. they answered: Brotherhood—brother posal for historically Black colleges In a nutshell, workers are fed up. and sister support. Workers who trans- and universities, while we continue to More and more of them are beginning fer to other plants in Michigan, Mis- work on the reauthorization of the to see that unions are the best way to souri, Kentucky, and Indiana are com- Higher Education Act. make their voices heard. For too long, ing back to join them. That is what the

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:48 Sep 20, 2019 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00012 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G19SE6.025 S19SEPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE September 19, 2019 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S5595 labor movement is all about: brother- going on in the State on the nature What is her secret? She said: ‘‘My hood, sisterhood, solidarity. It is about channels and the adventure channels. mom told me to go out almost every the recognition that workers should There is a story about Alaska on cable day to sell cookies, to talk to people have a voice and should have a share in TV, it seems like, daily, almost hourly. and to interest them in buying the the profits they create for their compa- Not nearly enough of these stories cookies.’’ nies. GM made more than $10 billion in focus on the people who live there— Her older brother, Kyle, who, by the North America in 2018. That is $10,000 independent, patriotic, generous men, way, is an Eagle Scout—you could see million. It is the UAW workers who women, and, yes, kids, children, who what a high-achieving family this is— made that money for the company. call Alaska home. also helped coach his sister and helped What did GM do? They shut down Today, I want to recognize 13-year- take her out to sell cookies. plants. old Alaina Vik, who lives in Eagle Alaina said: ‘‘I’m a really hard work- Now they have thrown striking work- River, AK. That is a beautiful commu- er when it comes to Girl Scout cook- ers off their health insurance. We heard nity, about 15 miles north of Anchor- ies.’’ Obviously, she is—5,000 boxes. from one worker in Local 14 in Toledo age. Selling cookies just wasn’t good who said his 4-year-old daughter, Alaina is a young woman with a big enough for her. She wanted to do more Chesney, had a doctor’s appointment heart. She lives with her mother, Amy, for her Girl Scout project. So she took scheduled next week to check on the who owns her own real estate company, her passion to the next level, using her tubes in her ears that help her hear, and her father, Curtis, who is an Alas- selling skills to help others and focus- but GM canceled that family’s insur- ka State trooper. He is someone I know ing on the men and women in our mili- ance so they had to cancel the appoint- well because he and I served together tary, particularly those who are de- ment. That is what has happened. It is with the very outstanding Marine ployed. despicable. Corps Reserve unit based in Alaska, In Alaska, we proudly boast of hav- GM needs to agree to a contract that Echo Company, 4th Recon Battalion. honors the dignity of work—a contract ing the record of more vets per capita Trooper Vik, semper fi. than any State in the country. So this that recognizes the autoworkers, com- To you and Amy, great job on raising munities, and families who help drive is something that a lot of our commu- such an exceptional daughter. nities can get behind. She and her fel- the success of the auto industry in Why is she so exceptional? Let’s get Ohio and across the country. low Girl Scouts began to send our de- into what Alaina has done for us. But, ployed military members Girl Scout Again, 10 years ago, taxpayers res- first, let me talk a little bit about cued GM out of bankruptcy. Workers cookies. She got the idea when the fa- what is going on in Alaska because I ther of one of the members of her Girl agreed to major givebacks to that com- always like to update what is hap- pany, taking much less money in order Scout troop was deployed. Her troop pening in this speech. wanted to make sure he felt remem- to save the company. GM profits have I was home for the whole month of soared. GM executive compensations bered on his deployment. August—actually, almost 5 weeks. I did All told, in 2017, she was able to do- have exploded upward. GM owes that to a week of my own on Marine Corps Re- our communities, and GM owes that to nate 800 boxes to our troops, some of serve duty. It was great to be home. I whom are deployed in Kuwait and its workers. got to travel all over the State. When I suggest the absence of a quorum. Qatar. I say ‘‘travel all over,’’ we are talking The PRESIDING OFFICER. The She didn’t stop there. As I have often hundreds, if not thousands, of miles, clerk will call the roll. said, we live in one of the most patri- literally, between communities. There The senior assistant legislative clerk otic States in the country. Alaina Vik was a lot going on. proceeded to call the roll. is just one more bit of proof of that. Unfortunately, as it happens in so Mr. SULLIVAN. Mr. President, I ask She wanted to do more for the men and many summers in Alaska, fires were unanimous consent that the order for women in uniform. She said: taking their toll, but the weather was the quorum call be rescinded. They’re fighting for us. They’re protecting The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. amazing, with beautiful blue skies. For the most part, the sun was out. It was us. They deserved to be appreciated [and re- BRAUN). Without objection, it is so or- membered] and honored. perfect for fishing, hiking, and camp- dered. This is a 13-year-old girl. Remember, TRIBUTE TO ALAINA VIK ing—all the things that so many people in Alaska who come to visit and live she is also the daughter of a recon ma- Mr. SULLIVAN. Mr. President, it is rine. that time of the week—the end of the here do in the summer. Now we are heading into the fall. With the help of her mother, Amy, week in the Senate—when I come to and her father, Curtis, and her two the floor and recognize someone special Leaves are starting to turn. It is moose hunting season. The snow isn’t far younger brothers, she expanded her ef- in the great State of Alaska, someone fort into what is now called Operation who is doing something important for away for most of the State. In some parts of the State, it is actually al- Sweet Support. You could find that on their community, for the State, for the Facebook. In addition to just cookies, country. It is the highlight of my ready on the ground. Some might say that winter is com- she is also sending snacks, pencils, week, and I know it is for our pages. duct tape, and toys. Who doesn’t need a We have some new pages here. It is ing, but I think it is too soon. Winter toy or duct tape when they are de- commonly recognized as the favorite is coming, but not just yet. I will let ployed? You can use it for everything. speech of the week for the pages be- you know when that happens. When the news got out about this cause they get to hear stories about School has started, and Alaina Vik project, she started to receive dona- real people, particularly people in has entered eighth grade. Her favorite tions from all over the community in Alaska. subject is art. Like so many Alaskans, You will hear a lot of these speeches she has been busy. What has she been Eagle River and all over Alaska. So far as you are here working hard in the busy doing? Why are we honoring this this year, through this project, she has Senate. young Alaskan who is doing a lot for sent out over 98 care packages to Alas- We are glad the new pages are here. our State? kan troops who are deployed overseas, As you know, my State is certainly First, as a Girl Scout in Troop 690, particularly in Kosovo and Kuwait. She one of the most interesting, imagined under the amazing leadership of the is aiming to send out 75 more by the States in the whole country. By the troop leader, Mrs. Melissa Jones, end of the year—one 13-year-old girl in way, people watching in the Gallery— Alaina sold more cookies than any the great State of Alaska. my friend Scott Lee is up there— other Girl Scout in the entire State of She puts a personalized handwritten watching on TV, come up to Alaska. Alaska—more than 5,000 boxes. That is note into each of the boxes thanking You will love it. I guarantee you, it amazing; isn’t it? them. ‘‘This is my way of saying thank will be the trip of a lifetime. No one I love Girl Scout cookies. I think you,’’ one of her notes reads. comes to Alaska and is disappointed. they are the best in the country, but Here is another one: I like to talk about Alaska on the 5,000 boxes in one State is pretty darn You are amazing and appreciated and Senate floor. People see a lot of what is impressive. loved. Thank you for your service.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 01:52 Sep 20, 2019 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00013 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G19SE6.026 S19SEPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S5596 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 19, 2019 That is another note from Alaina to Nick’s letter goes like this: Federal, State, and local governments, our service men and women deployed Dear Senator Manchin, along with nonprofit organizations, to overseas. Thank you for visiting my school on Fri- create and host programs and activi- She gets notes back, of course. One day. It was really cool to meet you. As I ties that focus on increasing public wrote: shared with you in person, at age 15 my life knowledge on the risks of cancer. Thank you for everything you’ve done for was changed forever. Before then, it never Finally, this resolution recognizes crossed my mind that I would become a can- us. Please keep supporting the troops [and the human toll of cancer and makes a sending cookies]. cer patient, much less a pediatric one. I was diagnosed with cancer and underwent pledge that the United States of Amer- Our military members love cookies. chemotherapy. As a result, in May 2018, I had ica will make the prevention and cure They say it makes a big difference. to have my leg amputated. of cancer a public health priority. Someone also sent her an American After two long years, I am proud to say I am proud to introduce this resolu- flag that was flown overseas in appre- that I finally overcame and defeated my can- tion. And, Nick, thank you again. Ali, ciation of the cookies, as well as a unit cer, and I’m currently a senior at George thank you, and thanks to all of those coin, a military coin, sent to Alaina by Washington High School. who are so brave and the families who our appreciative troops. ‘‘It was amaz- I feel very strongly that there needs to be more awareness about childhood cancer in support them and help raise awareness ing,’’ she said, when she got this. for childhood cancer. As someone who has been deployed West Virginia, and I appreciated speaking with you about that during your visit. I urge all of my colleagues—all of my myself, away from family and friends, I That’s why I’m writing today to ask you to colleagues—to join me in supporting know what it means to get such care continue fighting for West Virginians and to this resolution. packages. It means the world. It means do whatever you can to help raise awareness I yield the floor. that people back home are remem- about childhood cancer. I suggest the absence of a quorum. Signed, Nick Spence bering what you are doing. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Alaina, thank you for your great Thank you, Nick, for standing up and clerk will call the roll. work supporting our troops, for the ex- reaching out to me. I will never forget The bill clerk proceeded to call the ample you are setting for all the young how you walked across the gym after roll. men and women, not just in Alaska but we were done with the meeting with all Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I America. of the students at your high school, ask unanimous consent that the order Amy and Curtis, thanks for raising and I was impressed by your willing- for the quorum call be rescinded. such a wonderful daughter. ness to stand up and come over and tell Alaina, keep up the great work. Con- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without me, basically, what you were concerned objection, it is so ordered. gratulations, once again, on being our about and what you want to change. f Alaskan of the Week. In addition, I would also like to rec- I yield the floor. ognize some very special guests who LEGISLATIVE SESSION I suggest the absence of a quorum. have driven here today from West Vir- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ginia, and they are in the Senate clerk will call the roll. MORNING BUSINESS The legislative clerk proceeded to Chamber today. From Charleston, WV, call the roll. we have Kelly Wymer, Ali Wymer, and Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Cherie White. I thank them for attend- ask unanimous consent that the Sen- ator from West Virginia. ing and being here. They are in town ate proceed to legislative session and Mr. MANCHIN. Mr. President, I ask representing the West Virginia Kids be in a period of morning business, unanimous consent that the order for Cancer Crusaders at the CureFest here with Senators permitted to speak the quorum call be rescinded. in DC on the National Mall. therein for up to 10 minutes each. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without When Ali was just 61⁄2 years old, she The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered. was diagnosed with cancer. She under- objection, it is so ordered. 1 NATIONAL CHILDHOOD CANCER AWARENESS went 2 ⁄2 years of treatment, including f MONTH two surgeries and chemotherapy. TRIBUTE TO BERNARD INGOLD Mr. MANCHIN. Mr. President, I rise We are so proud to have Ali here in today to introduce a resolution that the Chamber with us today. She is cur- Mr. INHOFE. Mr. President, on be- would recognize September as National rently 21 years old and healthy as can half of myself and Mr. REED, as the Childhood Cancer Awareness Month. In be. They said ‘‘healthy as a horse.’’ I chair and ranking member of the Sen- the United States, more than 15,000 say ‘‘healthy as can be.’’ She is a stu- ate Armed Services Committee, as well kids are diagnosed with cancer every dent at BridgeValley Community and as the cochairs of the Senate Army single year, and more than 300,000 chil- Technical College, majoring in Caucus, it is our honor to pay tribute dren are diagnosed globally. healthcare—what else? to a great leader, an exceptional offi- On average, more than 75 children in Nick, I know you are at home watch- cer, and a senior executive of the U.S. West Virginia alone are diagnosed with ing this now, and I just want to thank Army, Mr. Bernard P. Ingold. Mr. cancer every year, which has been a you. I really want to thank you for Ingold is the principle deputy chief of steady increase over the last 10 years. sharing your story with me. It really legislative liaison for the Office of the We have made a lot of progress over touched me how brave you are for Secretary of the Army, and as he pre- the last few decades in research for pre- speaking up and advocating for people pares to leave this position for a well- vention and care, but there is more other than yourself. deserved retirement, we commend him work to be done. That is why I am here I am glad we were able to do this in for his outstanding leadership, advice, today to continue the drumbeat and such quick order. Usually things don’t and sound professional judgment on elevate the issue. happen this quickly in Washington, numerous critical issues of enduring I will share a story of a young man I but, truly, when it comes to the chil- importance to the Army, Congress, and met just last week. On Friday, I had dren of our country and our home this Nation. the honor of visiting with students and State, it means so much to us. Bernie Ingold has served our Army teachers at George Washington High I am proud to say that this is a bipar- and our Nation for more than 40 years School in Charleston, WV. One student tisan resolution, and I have teamed up as an Army officer and a Department by the name of Nicholas ‘‘Nick’’ Spence with Senator JOSH HAWLEY from Mis- of the Army civilian. A native of came up to me during my visit and souri to introduce this resolution. This Michigan, Mr. Ingold was commis- shared that at age 15 he was diagnosed resolution is also supported by Senator sioned in 1979 as a judge advocate gen- with cancer. He later sent me a letter JACK REED from Rhode Island and my eral officer upon earning a degree in telling me about his story and asked fellow West Virginia Senator, SHELLEY law from the University of Arkansas. me to help raise awareness of childhood MOORE CAPITO. His service to the Nation included roles cancer, which I assumed we had al- In addition to recognizing September as a deputy staff judge advocate for ready done since we have done it for as National Childhood Cancer Aware- U.S. Army Berlin, as a legislative adult cancer. ness Month, this resolution calls on counsel for the office of the chief of

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:27 Sep 20, 2019 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00014 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G19SE6.028 S19SEPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE September 19, 2019 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S5597 legislative liaison, and as the deputy placed in the music education cur- Later’s experience with firefighting director for legal policy in the Office of riculum. With this change, they re- began in 1974, when he joined the Dil- the Secretary of Defense. ceived new uniforms consisting of navy lon Volunteer Fire Department as a After serving 20 years on Active blue trousers and jackets with an or- volunteer. After decades of volunteer Duty, Mr. Ingold retired and continued ange and white military-style vest service, Later became fire marshal in his service as a civilian in the Depart- overlay with braided shoulder straps 2003. In his new role, he was given the ment of the Army. From 1999 to 2010, and a white plume with an orange and responsibility of not only managing he served as the deputy chief legisla- white shako. This is the uniform cur- fire safety and prevention in Dillon, tive counsel for the Army’s office of rently still in use today. but overseeing the safety of Montanans the chief of legislative liaison. In 2010, Over the last 150 years, the marching across Fire District No. 2. he entered into the senior executive band has grown dramatically from 13 The district stretches from Glen, to service and began his role as the prin- members to over 350 members. With the south end of the reservoir, to Horse ciple deputy for the office of the chief such a deep and rich history, it is no Prairie to Bannack. Spanning over of legislative liaison. For the past 10 surprise that several families have had 5,500 square miles, the county is rough- years, Mr. Ingold has implemented and multiple generations who have partici- ly the size of the State of Connecticut. enhanced strategic partnerships with pated in the ‘‘Pride.’’ As fire marshal, Later ran the fire Congress. He has assisted seven Army The ‘‘Pride of the Southland’’ march- hall diligently every day. He oversaw chiefs of legislative liaison and helped ing band has been recognized inter- equipment maintenance and managed the Army significantly advance its re- nationally for their unique marching fire investigations and building inspec- lationships with both legislative Cham- style and music, including the innova- tions. He also worked closely with the bers and improved and broadened con- tive ‘‘Circle Drill,’’ which has become a Dillon City Council and developed a re- gressional support for Army priorities. strong tradition each fall, and ‘‘Rocky lationship with the Beaverhead County Mr. Ingold managed complex issues Top,’’ which started as the band’s half- Planning Board and Zoning Commis- through multiple legislative cycles, en- time show in October 1972, during the sion. abling the Army to receive the nec- Vols annual football game versus Ala- Later’s service to his community and essary resources to improve readiness, bama. commitment to volunteering is exem- In 1982, the marching band opened accelerate modernization, and reform plary of the Montana spirit. I commend the World’s Fair in Knoxville and has processes to support combat oper- him for 40 years of service, and I join performed in 15 Presidential inaugura- ations, sustain the all-volunteer force, the folks in Dillon and Beaverhead tion—a record unmatched by any civil- and improve the quality of life for sol- County in gratitude for his insight and ian organization—with the first being leadership over the years.∑ diers, Army civilians, and their fami- President Dwight Eisenhower in 1953 lies. Throughout his career, he has and, most recently, President Donald f been a true professional, dedicated sol- Trump. The band has appeared in over TRIBUTE TO BROOKE MILLS dier, leader, officer, and senior execu- 50 bowl games, including the Rose ∑ Ms. HASSAN. Mr. President, I am tive. Bowl, Cotton Bowl, Sugar Bowl, Or- On behalf of the Senate, we thank proud to recognize Brooke Mills of Con- ange Bowl, Citrus Bowl, Peach Bowl, cord as September’s Granite Stater of Bernard P. Ingold, his wife Lolita, and Sun Bowl, Hall of Fame Bowl and the their entire family for their continued the Month for her work advocating for 1998 National Championship Fiesta concussion awareness and prevention commitment, sacrifice, and contribu- Bowl. They have also performed on the tions to this great Nation. We join our in New Hampshire and across the coun- field with stars such as Charlie Daniels try. colleagues in wishing him future suc- Band, Kenny Rogers, Kenny Chesney, cess as he transitions into retirement. In March of 2014, Brooke, then a Lee Greenwood, Roy Acuff, the Osborne freshman in high school, suffered a se- f Brothers, and many others. vere concussion during a mandatory At home in Neyland Stadium, the ADDITIONAL STATEMENTS handball game in gym class. The rami- ‘‘Pride of the Southland’’ band has im- fications of this concussion went be- pressed Vol fans with its pre-game yond the physical bruising in her brain show, which is considered one of the 150TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE UNI- and affected everything from her social finest ever performed. The band cre- VERSITY OF TENNESSEE ‘‘PRIDE life to her academics. ated the ‘‘V–O–L–S’’ chant, the opening OF THE SOUTHLAND’’ MARCHING Brooke suffered from memory loss BAND of the ‘‘Power T,’’ ‘‘USA,’’ and more. I would like to recognize the ‘‘Pride and had to wear sunglasses indoors be- ∑ Mr. ALEXANDER. Mr. President, of the Southland’’ marching band for cause the lighting in her school was today I wish to recognize the 150th an- its 150 years of rich history and com- too harsh, which led to teasing and bul- niversary of the University of Ten- mend the University of Tennessee and lying from her classmates. She also nessee ‘‘Pride of the Southland’’ all band members, past and present, for had to strictly limit the time she spent marching band and congratulate this the part they have played to make the on her phone, which affected her abil- esteemed band on 150 years of success. program such a storied success. When I ity to hang out with friends and use so- The ‘‘Pride of the Southland’’ march- was 14, I sold programs at Neyland Sta- cial media, a difficult situation for ing band was founded in 1869 by Gusta- dium. There is nothing more exciting someone who just started high school. vus Robert Knabe, from Germany. Dur- than watching a football game in However, instead of letting her con- ing the 150 years of the marching band, Neyland Stadium, and if your seats are cussion get the best of her, Brooke there have been 10 directors, including by the band, that is even better. turned her injury into a platform that the current director, Dr. Donald Ryder, There are no other traditions in the she used to educate people about the who was proceeded by both Dr. Gary University of Tennessee’s history that dangers of concussions, while also pro- Sousa and Dr. W.J. Julian. It was Dr. can surpass the astounding accomplish- viding reassurance for others who were Julian who created the now famous ments and success that the ‘‘Pride of going through similar trauma that ‘‘Circle Drill.’’ the Southland’’ marching band has in they too could overcome the lasting Since the band was formed after the its 150 years of service to a great uni- impacts of a concussion. close of the Civil War, it had a military versity.∑ Brooke started a blog called Finding style with both uniforms and music. f My Way, where she writes about her The marching band maintained a mili- concussion and how it impacts her day- tary look until 1951, when the then- TRIBUTE TO RICK LATER to-day life in the hopes of helping oth- band director, Walter M. Ryba, ∑ Mr. DAINES. Mr. President, this ers suffering from concussions feel less changed the look of the uniform and week I have the honor of recognizing alone. She also launched an organiza- created a new look on the field. When Fire Marshal Rick Later of Beaverhead tion called Lessen the Impact, dedi- Dr. W.J. Julian became the director in County for his 40 years of service pro- cated to sharing her story and pro- 1961, the marching band was moved tecting the folks of Dillon and Beaver- viding resources to help identify and from the military department and head County. prevent a concussion.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:27 Sep 20, 2019 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00015 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A19SE6.020 S19SEPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S5598 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 19, 2019 Additionally, Brooke is a peer-to- Under his leadership, Enid Woodring Dr. Lal was born on October 5, 1935, peer speaker for the Brain Injury Asso- Regional Airport expanded the main in Agra, India. He was one of three ciation of New Hampshire, where she runway which enhanced the safety and children born to Avadh Behari and gives presentations at high schools and capability of Vance Air Force Base’s Radhapyari Lal Mathur. Dr. Lal earned middle schools about how to identify a pilot training program and built a new his Ph.D. in solid state physics from concussion and stresses the importance terminal building which will more effi- Agra University in 1962 and married his of being kind and understanding to ciently serve the general aviation and wife Usha in the same year. In 1964, Dr. those who suffer from this invisible in- military pilots and other users of the Lal and Usha moved to Huntsville, jury. growing airport. where they raised their son Amit. That As a result of Brooke’s advocacy, as I am thankful that I have gotten to same year, Dr. Lal began his teaching Governor of New Hampshire, I declared know Dan through his passion for avia- and research career for the National the third Friday in September as Con- tion and his commitment to the men Academy of Sciences as a resident re- cussion Awareness Day in New Hamp- and women who serve in our Nation’s search associate at NASA/Marshall shire. This week, with a bipartisan Armed Forces. I know that I join his Space Flight Center. It was there that group of my colleagues, I introduced a family, the Enid Woodring Regional Dr. Lal conducted groundbreaking resolution in the U.S. Senate to recog- Airport, Vance Air Force Base, and the work on the effects of radiation on nize this day nationally. city of Enid in thanking Dan for his thermal control coatings for Apollo Concussion Awareness Day is also years of service and contributions to and other spacecrafts. Through a spe- recognized by other States, as well as the aviation community. cial recommendation from famed aero- by the National Brain Injury Associa- Congratulations on your retirement.∑ space engineer, Dr. Wernher von Braun, tion. There is also a companion resolu- f Dr. Lal earned a rare extension of his postdoctoral associate position with tion recognizing this day that has been REMEMBERING JOYCE ADAMS introduced in the U.S. House of Rep- NASA. ∑ Mr. ISAKSON. Mr. President, today I Following his time at Marshall Space resentatives. I want to thank Brooke for all that would like to remember in the record a Flight Center, Dr. Lal worked for 2 longtime member of the U.S. Military years as a senior scientist and assist- she has done and continues to do to Academy West Point’s admissions ant professor at the Indian Institute of turn a challenging experience into an team, Ms. Joyce Adams. Technology in Delhi, India. He re- opportunity to educate and bring For the last 39 years, Joyce Adams turned to the United States in 1970 as a awareness to Granite Staters and has served with distinction as valued senior research associate for the Uni- Americans about the dangers of con- member of the West Point admissions versity of Alabama in Huntsville, leav- cussions. She has truly demonstrated family. From 1980 until 2002, Joyce ing in 1973 to become an associate pro- the grit, resilience, and empathy that Adams served as a candidate techni- fessor of physics at Paine College in ∑ reflects the best of our State. cian first in the mid-Atlantic region Augusta, GA. f and later in the far West region. In this Dr. Lal made his return to Huntsville TRIBUTE TO DAN OHNESORGE capacity, she assisted more than 60,000 in 1975 to begin his long and impressive candidates navigate the West Point ap- career at Alabama A&M University— ∑ Mr. INHOFE. Mr. President, I am plication process. AAMU—rising from associate professor pleased to recognize Mr. Dan ‘‘Ohno’’ In 2002, Joyce was promoted to be of physics to department chair to uni- Ohnesorge on the occasion of his retire- congressional nominations specialist. versity eminent scholar. In 1978, during ment. In his 11 years as the Enid In this position, she assisted all 541 his tenure at AAMU, he was chosen by Woodring airport director, Dan has congressional offices in navigating the NASA as a principal investigator for a been a fixture in the Oklahoma avia- nomination process. During her more space shuttle experiment on the maid- tion community, even serving as presi- than 17 years as the U.S. Military en flight of the Spacelab-3 Mission in dent of the Oklahoma Airport Opera- Academy nominations specialist, Joyce 1985, making Dr. Lal one of the first tors Association for the 2012–13 term. directly impacted more than 100,000 university professors to be selected for In recognition of his passionate service candidate nominations and earned the an experiment on space shuttle and the to the Woodring Airport, Dan was respect and admiration of candidates, first from AAMU. During this project, awarded the Oklahoma Airport Man- parents, admissions officers, and Mem- he worked as one of the pioneers in ager of the Year in 2016, the same year bers of Congress. crystal growth experiments in micro- that Enid Woodring Regional Airport In addition to this work, Joyce also gravity. Dr. Lal later served for 7 years was recognized as the Oklahoma Air- volunteered to serve as the candidate as the principal investigator for a port of the Year by the Oklahoma Air- technician for all recruited athlete project from NASA’s Commercializa- port Operators Association. files. Thanks to her hard work and at- tion of Space program. Dan has been a passionate advocate tention to detail, all of West Point’s Dr. Lal was deeply committed to for aviation since 1975. After grad- varsity athletic teams were positioned bettering the AAMU and Huntsville uating from Florida State University to compete at the highest level. communities during his tenure as an with a BS in meteorology, he earned a I have it on the highest authority educator and beyond. In 1997, Dr. Lal masters of aero science from Embry- from West Point that Joyce’s impact launched the popular Annual Nobel Riddle Aeronautical University. In his on the directorate of admissions, on Laureate Lecture Series, which has time in the U.S. Air Force, he flew F– the U.S. Military Academy West Point, since brought 20 Nobel Prize winners to 16s with the 307th Fighter Squadron, and on the Nation will be felt for years Huntsville. He was instrumental in es- and his dedication to serving the coun- to come. The candidates she assisted tablishing AAMU’s masters and doc- try has continued to the present. have risen to the highest levels of mili- torate programs in physics. AAMU In his time as president of the Okla- tary and civilian leadership, and she celebrated his commitment to his field homa Air Force Association, Dan has will be missed.∑ and students in 2005, naming Dr. Lal an worked tirelessly to ensure the men f AAMU eminent scholar. Recognized as and women training to become pilots one of the first Indian couples in at Vance Air Force Base are able to REMEMBERING DR. RAVINDRA Huntsville, Dr. Lal and his wife Usha augment their training by using the LAL mentored and advised Indian families runway at Woodring Airport. He was ∑ Mr. JONES. Mr. President, I rise new to their city and were actively in- instrumental in the decision to locate today with deep sadness, but also with volved in helping to build a temple, the a memorial honoring the men and reverence to remember Dr. Ravindra Hindu Cultural Center of North Ala- women who gave their lives in service Behari ‘‘Ravi’’ Lal, who died on July bama, for the local Indian community. to their country during the Vietnam 23, 2019. Dr. Lal was an esteemed educa- Dr. Lal also served on the board for war at the Woodring Airport. It is a tor and innovator in the field of phys- AshaKiran, an organization that pro- testament to his vision for this memo- ics. His impact on Alabama A&M Uni- vides assistance to individuals from rial that Oklahomans from across the versity and the Huntsville area is in- multicultural backgrounds that are ex- State regularly visit this memorial. calculable. periencing crises.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:27 Sep 20, 2019 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00016 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A19SE6.031 S19SEPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE September 19, 2019 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S5599 Dr. Lal was highly respected and Deb was a fierce conversationalist. PRESIDENTIAL MESSAGE celebrated in his field, earning recogni- Her ability to identify with those less tion from the Alabama House of Rep- fortunate was her signature quality. resentatives in 1985 for his achieve- She was able to put a ‘‘face’’ on the REPORT ON THE CONTINUATION ments on NASA’s Spacelab-3 experi- policy decisions that were made and re- OF THE NATIONAL EMERGENCY ment. He was also awarded NASA’s minded Governors, legislators, and WITH RESPECT TO PERSONS Public Service Achievement award for State employees that the monetary WHO COMMIT, THREATEN TO those same achievements by NASA Ad- and policy decisions we make impact COMMIT, OR SUPPORT TER- ministrator James C. Fletcher. Dr. Lal real people and families. She was a RORISM THAT WAS ESTAB- was selected for the Professional of the tough and relentless advocate for those LISHED IN EXECUTIVE ORDER 13224 ON SEPTEMBER 23, 2001—PM Year award by the Huntsville Associa- less fortunate. And she inspired under- 30 tion of Technical Societies, the Noble standing about the role society and prize in Science by the National Asso- State government played when it came The PRESIDING OFFICER laid be- ciation for Equal opportunity in Higher to children, the poor, and the elderly. fore the Senate the following message Education, and the Lifetime Achieve- from the President of the United ment Award from AAMU Research In- Often, Deb would be outright arguing States, together with an accompanying stitute. a position with me, and she would say, report; which was referred to the Com- Dr. Lal will be dearly missed by all ‘‘Oh now come on Governor, that’s mittee on Banking, Housing, and whose lives he touched, both through ‘bullcrap’, have you considered . . . .’’ Urban Affairs: his work as a brilliant educator and Needless to say, Deb won those debates scientist and as a pillar in the Hunts- multiple times, and our State is better To the Congress of the United States: ville community. Both Alabama and off for it. Section 202(d) of the National Emer- gencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1622(d)) provides the United States have benefited im- She understood that her value was measurably from his contributions to for the automatic termination of a na- not mimicking the opinions being ex- tional emergency unless, within 90 the field of physics and space re- pressed around the table. She brought search.∑ days before the anniversary date of its compassion to her advocacy, and I be- declaration, the President publishes in f lieve it made me a better Governor. the Federal Register and transmits to REMEMBERING DEB BOWMAN Her service was not without sacrifice. the Congress a notice stating that the ∑ Mr. ROUNDS. Mr. President, today I On top of time away from her family emergency is to continue in effect be- wish to honor the life of Deb Bowman. and the strain upon her health, her em- yond the anniversary date. In accord- There is a difference between public pathy was so deep and pure that she ance with this provision, I have sent to servants and bureaucrats, and we have carried the weight of the vulnerable the Federal Register for publication the known or dealt with both. Our office through long hours and personal an- enclosed notice stating that the na- spends an incredible amount of time guish. Yet despite many times being tional emergency with respect to per- and energy helping constituents bust dismissed as the lone, unpopular voice, sons who commit, threaten to commit, through the Federal bureaucracy, and she would take a drive around the cap- or support terrorism declared in Execu- unfortunately, we often bump heads itol, think over her argument, and tive Order 13224 of September 23, 2001, with federal bureaucrats. It is time- show up with a new line of reasoning. is to continue in effect beyond Sep- consuming and aggravating for con- She was persistent. tember 23, 2019. stituents. After experiences like these, When I think of the rare public serv- The crisis constituted by the grave we unfortunately have a tendency to ant like Deb, I am reminded of Mat- acts of terrorism and threats of ter- stereotype all government employees thew 23:11: ‘‘The greatest among you rorism committed by foreign terror- in that manner. must be a servant.’’ Deb was a phe- ists, including the terrorist attacks on Thankfully, that is not always the nomenal public servant, for all the September 11, 2001, in New York and case. There are examples of legitimate right reasons. Pennsylvania and against the Pen- public servants, often behind the tagon, and the continuing and imme- scenes, who truly seek to make the Deb could have been the CEO of any diate threat of further attacks on lives of our citizens better. One of organization and made a bunch more United States nationals or the United those special individuals is Deb Bow- money. She was intelligent, a hard States that led to the declaration of a man. worker, a professional, a leader. She national emergency on September 23, Deb Bowman was the truest, most chose public service, and in doing so, 2001, has not been resolved. This crisis sincere—and brutally honest—public she was a friend, to me and to many. continues to pose an unusual and ex- servant I have had the honor of know- Thank you, Deb, for showing all of us traordinary threat to the national se- ing. what a true public servant looks like.∑ curity, foreign policy, and economy of For those of us who knew Deb, espe- the United States. For this reason, I cially her family—her husband Randy, f have determined that it is necessary to her children Brooke and Jessamine, continue the national emergency de- and her grandkids—our hearts ache. At MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT clared in Executive Order 13224 with re- just 65 years old, Deb passed away on spect to persons who commit, threaten September 17, 2019, after a fairly recent Messages from the President of the to commit, or support terrorism. lung cancer diagnosis. Years earlier, United States were communicated to DONALD J. TRUMP. Deb became a kidney transplant recipi- the Senate by Ms. Roberts, one of his THE WHITE HOUSE, September 19, 2019. ent, and I believe that experience and secretaries. f the other hardships in her life shaped her view of public service. MESSAGES FROM THE HOUSE f Deb was a loyal friend who worked At 10:25 a.m., a message from the with me while I served as Governor. House of Representatives, delivered by She was a tremendous asset on my 2002 EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED Mr. Novotny, one of its reading clerks, transition team, as a senior adviser As in executive session the Presiding announced that the House has passed and cabinet secretary. Prior to that, Officer laid before the Senate messages the following bill, in which it requests Deb was an adviser to Governors from the President of the United the concurrence of the Senate: Mickelson and Janklow and she went States submitting sundry nominations H.R. 4285. An act to amend title 38, United on to serve Governor Daugaard before which were referred to the appropriate States Code, to extend and modify certain her retirement in 2014. authorities and requirements relating to the It is not hard to understand how four committees. Department of Veterans Affairs, and for Governors saw the same value and pas- (The messages received today are other purposes. sion in Deb. It is a testament to the printed at the end of the Senate pro- At 3:52 p.m., a message from the legacy she has left. ceedings.) House of Representatives, delivered by

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:27 Sep 20, 2019 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00017 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A19SE6.032 S19SEPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S5600 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 19, 2019 Mr. Novotny, one of its reading clerks, tem Response to Sex Trafficking of Chil- the United States Congress to enact legisla- announced that the House has passed dren’’; to the Committee on Finance. tion to repeal the Government Pension Off- the following bill, in which it requests EC–2628. A communication from the Sec- set and the Windfall Elimination Provision the concurrence of the Senate: retary of the Treasury, transmitting, pursu- from the Social Security Act; to the Com- ant to Executive Order 13313 of July 31, 2003, mittee on Finance. H.R. 4378. An act making continuing appro- a semiannual report detailing telecommuni- SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION NO. 3 priations for fiscal year 2020, and for other cations-related payments made to Cuba pur- Whereas, Two Federal Social Security Ad- purposes. suant to Department of the Treasury li- ministration laws, the Windfall Elimination f censes; to the Committee on Foreign Rela- Provision and the Government Pension Off- tions. set, passed by Congress more than 30 years MEASURES READ THE FIRST TIME EC–2629. A communication from the Assist- ago without statistical analysis, diminish or The following bills were read the first ant Secretary, Legislative Affairs, Depart- eliminate the fully earned Social Security ment of State, transmitting, pursuant to time: benefits or large numbers of public service section 36(c) of the Arms Export Control Act, employees in California: and H.R. 2486. An act to reauthorize mandatory the certification of a proposed license Whereas, These provisions affect workers funding programs for historically Black col- amendment for the export of defense arti- who have been employed in a government po- leges and universities and other minority- cles, including technical data and defense sition that is not coordinated with the So- serving institutions. services, to Taiwan to support the 30/40mm cial Security program, such as California H.R. 4378. An act making continuing appro- MK44 Bushmaster Automatic Cannon Sys- public school teachers who have not been priations for fiscal year 2020, and for other tem and associated Ammunition Handling able to receive Social Security credits since purposes. System for the Clouded Leopard Vehicle Pro- 1965; and f gram in the amount of $50,000,000 or more Whereas, Most peace officers, including the (Transmittal No. DDTC 19–010); to the Com- California Highway Patrol, firefighters, and EXECUTIVE AND OTHER mittee on Foreign Relations. many other public servants working for cit- COMMUNICATIONS EC–2630. A communication from the Sec- ies and special districts are not covered by retary of Labor, transmitting, pursuant to The following communications were Social Security, making them subject to law, the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corpora- these provisions; and laid before the Senate, together with tion’s Office of Inspector General’s Semi- Whereas, In California, more than 300,000 accompanying papers, reports, and doc- annual Report to Congress and the Pension retirees have had their Social Security bene- uments, and were referred as indicated: Benefit Guaranty Corporation Management’s fits diminished or completely eliminated by EC–2621. A communication from the Sec- Response for the period from October 1, 2017 these laws; and retary of Defense, transmitting a report on through March 31, 2018; to the Committee on Whereas, Effective government requires the approved retirement of Lieutenant Gen- Homeland Security and Governmental Af- highly qualified and motivated personnel, eral Jerry D. Harris, Jr., United States Air fairs. and California government agencies need to Force, and his advancement to the grade of EC–2631. A communication from the Chair- compete to recruit and retain outstanding lieutenant general on the retired list; to the man of the Securities and Exchange Com- employees, including hiring 16,000 new public Committee on Armed Services. mission, transmitting, pursuant to law, the school teachers each year; and EC–2622. A communication from the Alter- Commission’s Semiannual Report of the In- Whereas, The recruitment and retention of nate Federal Register Liaison Officer, Office spector General and a Management Report qualified individuals reentering the work- of the Secretary, Department of Defense, for the period from October 1, 2017 through force is impeded by these two provisions, transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of March 31, 2018; to the Committee on Home- which reduce or eliminate the Social Secu- a rule entitled ‘‘National Industrial Security land Security and Governmental Affairs. rity retirement benefits either earned by Program (NISP)’’ (RIN0790–AI71) received in EC–2632. A communication from the Acting workers, themselves, or received through de- the Office of the President of the Senate on Director of the Office of Personnel Manage- pendent status; and Whereas, The Government Pension Offset September 12, 2019; to the Committee on ment, transmitting, pursuant to law, the an- severely cuts, and usually eliminates, all Armed Services. nual report of the Chief Human Capital Offi- spousal and survivor benefits that were EC–2623. A communication from the Alter- cers Council for 2018; to the Committee on earned from what is deemed by the State of nate Federal Register Liaison Officer, Office Homeland Security and Governmental Af- California to be community property in- of the Secretary, Department of Defense, fairs. come; and transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of EC–2633. A communication from the Acting Whereas, The Government Pension Offset a rule entitled ‘‘Office of Inspector General Chairman of the Administrative Conference requires that a recipient of benefits report (OIG) Privacy Program’’ (RIN0790–AK58) re- of the United States, transmitting, a report any yearly cost-of-living increase in the re- ceived in the Office of the President of the of four recommendations adopted by the Ad- cipient’s public pension, so that the recipi- Senate on September 18, 2019; to the Com- ministrative Conference of the United States ent’s Social Security benefits may be re- mittee on Armed Services. at its 71st Plenary Session; to the Com- duced by two-thirds of that amount; and EC–2624. A communication from the Alter- mittee on Homeland Security and Govern- mental Affairs. Whereas, The Windfall Elimination Provi- nate Federal Register Liaison Officer, Office sion cuts earned Social Security benefits of the Secretary, Department of Defense, EC–2634. A communication from the Dep- uty Bureau Chief, Wireline Competition Bu- from work that is separate from the work for transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of which the individual earned a pension from a a rule entitled ‘‘Transitional Compensation reau, Federal Communications Commission, transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of governmental entity: and (TC) for Abused Dependents’’ (RIN0790–AI99) Whereas, The Windfall Elimination Provi- a rule entitled ‘‘Promoting Telehealth in received in the Office of the President of the sion subverts the purpose of Social Security Rural America’’ ((RIN3060–AF85) (FCC 19–78)) Senate on September 18, 2019; to the Com- retirement benefits by eliminating the for- received in the Office of the President of the mittee on Armed Services. mula that reimburses low-income workers at Senate on September 17, 2019; to the Com- EC–2625. A communication from the Sec- a higher rate than high-income workers, mittee on Commerce, Science, and Transpor- retary, Securities and Exchange Commis- causing severe hardships for those who have tation. sion, transmitting, pursuant to law, the re- not had high-paying public service; and port of a rule entitled ‘‘Technical Amend- EC–2635. A communication from the Assist- Whereas, Until 2005, there were no require- ments to Update Cross-References to the ant General Counsel for Regulatory Affairs, ments that a public employer advise new Commission’s FOIA Regulations’’ (17 CFR Consumer Product Safety Commission, workers that they would be subject to these Parts 200, 201, 229, 230, and 240) received in transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of penalties; Now, therefore, be it the Office of the President of the Senate on a rule entitled ‘‘Revisions to Safety Stand- Resolved by the Senate and the Assembly of September 18, 2019; to the Committee on ard for Infant Bouncer Seats’’ (16 CFR Part the State of California, jointly, That the Legis- Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. 1229) received in the Office of the President lature requests that the Congress of the EC–2626. A communication from the Chair- of the Senate on September 17, 2019; to the United States enact legislation to repeal the man of the United States International Committee on Commerce, Science, and Government Pension Offset and the Windfall Trade Commission, transmitting, pursuant Transportation. Elimination Provision from the Social Secu- to law, a report entitled ‘‘Trade Authorities f rity Act, and further requests that President Extension: Economic Impact of Trade Agree- Donald Trump sign that legislation; and be ments Implemented under the Bipartisan PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS it further Trade Act of 2015’’; to the Committee on Fi- The following petitions and memo- Resolved, That the Secretary or the Senate nance. rials were laid before the Senate and transmit copies of this resolution to the EC–2627. A communication from the Acting President and the Vice President of the Assistant Secretary for Legislation, Depart- were referred or ordered to lie on the United States, to the Speaker of the House ment of Health and Human Services, trans- table as indicated: of Representatives, to the Majority Leader of mitting, pursuant to law, a report entitled POM–137. A joint resolution adopted by the the Senate, to each Senator and Representa- ‘‘Report to Congress: The Child Welfare Sys- Legislature of the State of California urging tive from California in the Congress of the

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:27 Sep 20, 2019 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00018 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A19SE6.030 S19SEPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE September 19, 2019 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S5601 United States, and to the author for appro- authority to name a reasonable time and through the manipulative process of federal priate distribution. place for the initial meeting of a convention; mandates, most of which are unfunded to a (2) The United States Congress shall per- great extent; and POM–138. A joint resolution adopted by the form its ministerial duty of calling an Whereas, it is the solemn duty of the General Assembly of the State of Arkansas amendment convention of the states only states to protect the liberty of our people, applying to the United States Congress, upon the receipt of applications for an particularly for the generations to come, by under the provisions of Article V of the amendment convention for the substantially proposing amendments to the United States United States Constitution, for the calling of same purpose as this application from two- Constitution through a convention of the a convention of the states limited to pro- thirds (2⁄3) of the legislatures of the several states under Article V of the United States posing amendments to the United States states; Constitution for the purpose of restraining Constitution that impose fiscal restraints on (3) The United States Congress does not these and related abuses of power: Now, the federal government, limit the power and have the power or authority to determine therefore, be it jurisdiction of the federal government, and any rules for the governing of a convention Resolved, By the Senate of the Ninety-second limit the terms of office for its officials and for proposing amendments called pursuant to General Assembly of the State of Arkansas and for members of the United States Congress; Article V of the United States Constitution. by the House of Representatives, a majority of to the Committee on the Judiciary. The United States Congress does not have all Members elected to each House agreeing SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION NO. 3 the power to set the number of delegates to thereto: That the General Assembly hereby be sent by any state to such a convention, Whereas, the founders of the United States applies to the United States Congress, under nor does it have the power to name delegates Constitution empowered state legislators to the provisions of Article V of the United to such a convention. The power to name be guardians of liberty against excessive use States Constitution, for the calling of a con- delegates remains exclusively within the au- of power by the federal government; and vention of the states limited to proposing thority of the legislatures of the several Whereas, the federal government has cre- amendments to the United States Constitu- states; ated a crushing national debt through im- tion that impose fiscal restraints on the fed- (4) By definition, an amendment conven- proper and imprudent spending; and eral government, limit the power and juris- tion of the states means that states shall Whereas, the federal government has diction of the federal government, and limit vote on the basis of one (1) state, one (1) ceased to operate under a proper interpreta- the terms of office for its officials and for vote; tion of the United States Constitution; and members of the United States Congress; and (5) A convention for proposing amendments Whereas, the federal government has in- be it further convened pursuant to this application shall vaded the legitimate roles of the states Resolved, That the Secretary of the Senate be limited to consideration of the topics through the manipulative process of federal is hereby directed to transmit copies of this specified herein and no other. This applica- mandates, most of which are unfunded to a application to the President of the United tion is made with the express understanding great extent; and States Senate, the Secretary of the United that an amendment that in any way seeks to Whereas, it is the solemn duty of the States Senate, the Speaker of the United amend, modify, or repeal any provision of states to protect the liberty of our people, States House of Representatives, the Clerk the Bill of Rights of the United States Con- particularly for the generations to come, by of the United States House of Representa- stitution shall not be authorized for consid- proposing amendments to the United States tives, the members of the Arkansas congres- eration at any stage. This application shall Constitution through a convention of the sional delegation, and the presiding officers be void ab initio if ever used at any stage to states under Article V of the United States of each house of the legislatures in the sev- consider any change to any provision of the Constitution for the purpose of restraining eral states, requesting their cooperation; and Bill of Rights of the United States Constitu- these and related abuses of power: Now, be it further tion; Therefore, be it Resolved, That this application constitutes (6) Pursuant to Article V of the United Resolved, By the Senate of the Ninety-second a continuing application in accordance with States Constitution, the United States Con- General Assembly of the State of Arkansas and Article V of the United States Constitution gress may determine whether proposed by the House of Representatives, a majority of until the legislatures of at least two-thirds amendments shall be ratified by the legisla- 2 all Members elected to each House agreeing ( ⁄3) of the several states have made applica- tures of the several states or by special state thereto: That the General Assembly hereby tions on the same subject; and be it further ratification conventions. The General As- applies to the United States Congress, under Resolved, That the General Assembly sembly recommends that the United States the provisions of Article V of the United adopts this application expressly subject to Congress select ratification by the legisla- States Constitution, for the calling of a con- the following reservations, understandings, tures of the several states; vention of the states limited to proposing and declarations: (7) The General Assembly may provide fur- amendments to the United States Constitu- (1) An application to the United States ther instructions to its delegates and may tion that impose fiscal restraints on the fed- Congress to call an amendment convention recall its delegates at any time for a breach eral government, limit the power and juris- of the states pursuant to Article V of the of a duty or a violation of the instructions diction of the federal government, and limit United States Constitution confers no power provided; and the terms of office for its officials and for to the United States Congress other than the (8) Delegates are bound to the instructions members of the United States Congress; and power to call such a convention. The power provided by the General Assembly and a fail- be it further of the United States Congress to exercise ure to follow the instructions provided con- Resolved, That the Secretary of the Senate this ministerial duty consists solely of the stitutes a breach of the delegate’s duty and is hereby directed to transmit copies of this authority to name a reasonable time and subjects them to recall and replacement. application to the President of the United place for the initial meeting of a convention; States Senate, the Secretary of the United (2) The United States Congress shall per- POM–139. A joint resolution adopted by the States Senate, the Speaker of the United form its ministerial duty of calling an General Assembly of the State of Arkansas States House of Representatives, the Clerk amendment convention of the states only applying to the United States Congress, of the United States House of Representa- upon the receipt of applications for an under the provisions of Article V of the tives, the members of the Arkansas congres- amendment convention for the substantially United States Constitution, for the calling of sional delegation, and the presiding officers same purpose as this application from two- a convention of the states limited to pro- of each house of the legislatures in the sev- thirds (2⁄3) of the legislatures of the several posing amendments to the United States eral states, requesting their cooperation; and states; Constitution that impose fiscal restraints on be it further (3) The United States Congress does not the federal government, limit the power and Resolved, That this application constitutes have the power or authority to determine jurisdiction of the federal government, and a continuing application in accordance with any rules for the governing of a convention limit the terms of office for its officials and Article V of the United States Constitution for proposing amendments called pursuant to for members of the United States Congress; until the legislatures of at least two-thirds Article V of the United States Constitution. to the Committee on the Judiciary. (2⁄3) of the several states have made applica- The United States Congress does not have tions on the same subject; and be it further SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION NO. 3 the power to set the number of delegates to Resolved, That the General Assembly Whereas, the founders of the United States be sent by any state to such a convention, adopts this application expressly subject to Constitution empowered state legislators to nor does it have the power to name delegates the following reservations, understandings, be guardians of liberty against excessive use to such a convention. The power to name and declarations: of power by the federal government; and delegates remains exclusively within the au- (1) An application to the United States Whereas, the federal government has cre- thority of the legislatures of the several Congress to call an amendment convention ated a crushing national debt through im- states; of the states pursuant to Article V of the proper and imprudent spending; and (4) By definition, an amendment conven- United States Constitution confers no power Whereas, the federal government has tion of the states means that states shall to the United States Congress other than the ceased to operate under a proper interpreta- vote on the basis of one (1) state, one (1) power to call such a convention. The power tion of the United States Constitution; and vote; of the United States Congress to exercise Whereas, the federal government has in- (5) A convention for proposing amendments this ministerial duty consists solely of the vaded the legitimate roles of the states convened pursuant to this application shall

VerDate Sep 11 2014 06:35 Sep 20, 2019 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00019 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A19SE6.034 S19SEPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S5602 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 19, 2019 be limited to consideration of the topics By Mr. GRAHAM for the Committee on the S. 2516. A bill to amend the Fair Debt Col- specified herein and no other. This applica- Judiciary. lection Practices Act to restrict the debt col- tion is made with the express understanding W. Stephen Muldrow, of Puerto Rico, to be lection practices of certain debt collectors; that an amendment that in any way seeks to United States Attorney for the District of to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and amend, modify, or repeal any provision of Puerto Rico for the term of four years. Urban Affairs. the Bill of Rights of the United States Con- Michael D. Baughman, of Pennsylvania, to By Mr. DURBIN (for himself, Mr. stitution shall not be authorized for consid- be United States Marshal for the Western BROWN, Mr. MARKEY, Mr. eration at any stage. This application shall District of Pennsylvania for the term of four BLUMENTHAL, Mr. REED, Ms. HIRONO, be void ab initio if ever used at any stage to years. Mr. WYDEN, Mrs. MURRAY, and Mr. consider any change to any provision of the Kerry Lee Pettingill, of Oklahoma, to be MERKLEY): Bill of Rights of the United States Constitu- United States Marshal for the Eastern Dis- S. 2517. A bill to amend the Internal Rev- tion; trict of Oklahoma for the term of four years. enue Code of 1986 to provide tax rate parity (6) Pursuant to Article V of the United Fernando L. G. Sablan, of Guam, to be among all tobacco products, and for other States Constitution, the United States Con- United States Marshal for the District of purposes; to the Committee on Finance. gress may determine whether proposed Guam and concurrently United States Mar- By Mr. DURBIN (for himself and Mr. amendments shall be ratified by the legisla- shal for the District of the Northern Mariana BRAUN): tures of the several states or by special state Islands for the term of four years. S. 2518. A bill to amend title 49, United ratification conventions. The General As- (Nominations without an asterisk States Code, to establish an Assistant Sec- sembly recommends that the United States were reported with the recommenda- retary for Rural Economic Investment and an Office of Rural Economic Investment, to Congress select ratification by the legisla- tion that they be confirmed.) tures of the several states; ensure that rural communities are ade- (7) The General Assembly may provide fur- f quately represented in Federal decision- ther instructions to its delegates and may INTRODUCTION OF BILLS AND making for transportation policy, and for recall its delegates at any time for a breach other purposes; to the Committee on Com- of a duty or a violation of the instructions JOINT RESOLUTIONS merce, Science, and Transportation. provided; and The following bills and joint resolu- By Mr. ROMNEY (for himself and Mr. (8) Delegates are bound to the instructions tions were introduced, read the first MERKLEY): provided by the General Assembly and a fail- and second times by unanimous con- S. 2519. A bill to protect the public health ure to follow the instructions provided con- sent, and referred as indicated: by prohibiting non-tobacco e-cigarette fla- stitutes a breach of the delegate’s duty and vors and ensuring electronic nicotine deliv- subjects them to recall and replacement. By Mr. TILLIS (for himself and Ms. ery systems are tamper-proof; to the Com- HIRONO): mittee on Finance. POM–140. A resolution adopted by the S. 2509. A bill to rename the Office of Tech- By Ms. COLLINS: Board of Selectmen of the Town of Hampton, nology Assessment as the Congressional Of- S. 2520. An original bill making appropria- New Hampshire, urging the United States fice of Technology, to revise the functions tions for the Departments of Transportation, Congress to enact the Energy Innovation and and duties of the Office, and for other pur- and Housing and Urban Development, and re- Carbon Dividend Act of 2019; to the Com- poses; to the Committee on Rules and Ad- lated agencies for the fiscal year ending Sep- mittee on Finance. ministration. tember 30, 2020, and for other purposes; from By Mr. BOOKER: f the Committee on Appropriations; placed on S. 2510. A bill to amend the Internal Rev- the calendar. REPORTS OF COMMITTEES enue Code of 1986 to provide a refundable tax By Mr. KAINE (for himself and Ms. The following reports of committees credit for certain teachers as a supplement HASSAN): to State effort to provide teachers with a liv- were submitted: S. 2521. A bill to award grants for the re- able wage, and for other purposes; to the cruitment, retention, and advancement of di- By Ms. MURKOWSKI, from the Committee Committee on Finance. rect care workers; to the Committee on on Energy and Natural Resources, with By Mr. GRAHAM (for himself and Ms. Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. amendments: SINEMA): By Mr. HOEVEN: S. 253. A bill to coordinate the provision of S. 2511. A bill to amend title 40, United S. 2522. An original bill making appropria- energy retrofitting assistance to schools States Code, to provide the Marshal of the tions for Agriculture, Rural Development, (Rept. No. 116–107). Supreme Court of the United States and Su- Food and Drug Administration, and Related By Ms. MURKOWSKI, from the Committee preme Court Police with the authority to Agencies for the fiscal year ending Sep- on Energy and Natural Resources, with an protect the Chief Justice of the United tember 30, 2020, and for other purposes; from amendment in the nature of a substitute: States, any Associate Justice of the Supreme the Committee on Appropriations; placed on H.R. 762. A bill to amend the Energy Policy Court, and other individuals in any location, the calendar. and Conservation Act to provide for the dis- and for other purposes; to the Committee on By Mr. DURBIN (for himself, Ms. semination of information regarding avail- the Judiciary. DUCKWORTH, Mr. BOOKER, and Ms. able Federal programs relating to energy ef- By Mr. BOOKER (for himself and Mrs. HIRONO): ficiency projects for schools, and for other GILLIBRAND): S. 2523. A bill to amend section 455(m) of purposes (Rept. No. 116–108). S. 2512. A bill to prohibit a court from the Higher Education Act of 1965 in order to By Ms. COLLINS, from the Committee on awarding damages based on race, ethnicity, allow adjunct faculty members to qualify for Appropriations, without amendment: gender, religion, or actual or perceived sex- public service loan forgiveness; to the Com- S. 2520. An original bill making appropria- ual orientation, and for other purposes; to mittee on Health, Education, Labor, and tions for the Departments of Transportation, the Committee on the Judiciary. Pensions. and Housing and Urban Development, and re- By Ms. HASSAN (for herself and Mr. By Mr. KENNEDY: lated agencies for the fiscal year ending Sep- LEE): S. 2524. An original bill making appropria- tember 30, 2020, and for other purposes (Rept. S. 2513. A bill to provide for joint reports tions for financial services and general gov- No. 116–109). by relevant Federal agencies to Congress re- ernment for the fiscal year ending Sep- By Mr. HOEVEN, from the Committee on garding incidents of terrorism, and for other tember 30, 2020, and for other purposes; from Appropriations, without amendment: purposes; to the Committee on Homeland Se- the Committee on Appropriations; placed on S. 2522. An original bill making appropria- curity and Governmental Affairs. the calendar. tions for Agriculture, Rural Development, By Mr. BOOKER (for himself and Mr. By Mrs. SHAHEEN (for herself and Mr. Food and Drug Administration, and Related CASEY): GARDNER): Agencies for the fiscal year ending Sep- S. 2514. A bill to amend the Internal Rev- S. 2525. A bill to require the Director of the tember 30, 2020, and for other purposes (Rept. enue Code of 1986 to ensure that workers and National Institute of Standards and Tech- No. 116–110). communities that are responsible for record nology to conduct a study of personal protec- By Mr. KENNEDY, from the Committee on corporate profits benefit from the wealth tive equipment worn by firefighters to deter- Appropriations, without amendment: that those workers and communities help to S. 2524. An original bill making appropria- mine the prevalence and concentration of create, and for other purposes; to the Com- tions for financial services and general gov- per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, and for mittee on Finance. ernment for the fiscal year ending Sep- other purposes; to the Committee on Com- By Mr. MERKLEY: tember 30, 2020, and for other purposes (Rept. merce, Science, and Transportation. S. 2515. A bill to require the Food and Drug No. 116–111). By Mr. BENNET (for himself and Mr. Administration to conduct a study on the ef- GARDNER): f fects of radiofrequency radiation in the 5G S. 2526. A bill to require the Secretary of EXECUTIVE REPORTS OF networks on human health; to the Com- Energy to identify and convey to the State COMMITTEE mittee on Health, Education, Labor, and of Colorado land for use as a storage site for Pensions. residual radioactive material, and for other The following executive reports of By Mr. BOOKER (for himself and Mr. purposes; to the Committee on Energy and nominations were submitted: LEE): Natural Resources.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:08 Sep 20, 2019 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00020 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A19SE6.044 S19SEPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE September 19, 2019 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S5603 By Mr. MARKEY (for himself, Mr. polyfluoroalkyl substances as haz- (Mr. BARRASSO) and the Senator from MERKLEY, and Mr. WYDEN): ardous substances under the Com- Alaska (Ms. MURKOWSKI) were added as S. 2527. A bill to amend the Energy Policy prehensive Environmental Response, cosponsors of S. 1032, a bill to amend and Conservation Act to reinstate the ban on Compensation, Liability Act of 1980, the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to the export of crude oil and natural gas pro- duced in the United States, and for other and for other purposes. modify the definition of income for purposes; to the Committee on Banking, S. 680 purposes of determining the tax-ex- Housing, and Urban Affairs. At the request of Mr. THUNE, the empt status of certain corporations. By Mr. YOUNG (for himself and Mr. name of the Senator from Wisconsin S. 1148 MERKLEY): (Ms. BALDWIN) was added as a cospon- At the request of Mr. HOEVEN, the S. 2528. A bill to require the Director of Na- sor of S. 680, a bill to amend the Inter- tional Intelligence to submit to Congress a name of the Senator from Oklahoma report on the purpose, scope, and means of nal Revenue Code of 1986 to treat cer- (Mr. INHOFE) was added as a cosponsor expanded Chinese influence in international tain amounts paid for physical activ- of S. 1148, a bill to amend title 49, organizations, and for other purposes; to the ity, fitness, and exercise as amounts United States Code, to require the Ad- Select Committee on Intelligence. paid for medical care. ministrator of the Federal Aviation f S. 743 Administration to give preferential SUBMISSION OF CONCURRENT AND At the request of Mr. ISAKSON, the consideration to individuals who have SENATE RESOLUTIONS names of the Senator from Connecticut successfully completed air traffic con- (Mr. BLUMENTHAL), the Senator from troller training and veterans when hir- The following concurrent resolutions Idaho (Mr. RISCH), the Senator from ing air traffic control specialists. and Senate resolutions were read, and Missouri (Mr. BLUNT) and the Senator S. 1355 referred (or acted upon), as indicated: from Minnesota (Ms. SMITH) were added At the request of Mr. ISAKSON, the By Mr. MENENDEZ (for himself, Mr. as cosponsors of S. 743, a bill to award name of the Senator from Louisiana CORNYN, Mr. BENNET, Mr. a Congressional Gold Medal to the sol- BLUMENTHAL, Mr. BOOKER, Mr. (Mr. CASSIDY) was added as a cosponsor diers of the 5307th Composite Unit CASEY, Ms. CORTEZ MASTO, Mr. DUR- of S. 1355, a bill to amend the Internal BIN, Mrs. FEINSTEIN, Ms. HARRIS, Mr. (Provisional), commonly known as Revenue Code of 1986 to provide an ex- HEINRICH, Mr. KAINE, Ms. KLOBUCHAR, ‘‘Merrill’s Marauders’’ , in recognition clusion from gross income for Mrs. MURRAY, Ms. ROSEN, Mr. RUBIO, of their bravery and outstanding serv- AmeriCorps educational awards. Mr. SANDERS, Mr. UDALL, Mr. GARD- ice in the jungles of Burma during S. 1376 NER, and Mr. BRAUN): World War II. S. Res. 319. A resolution designating the At the request of Mr. BROWN, the S. 803 week beginning September 16, 2019, as Na- name of the Senator from California At the request of Mr. TOOMEY, the tional Hispanic-Serving Institutions Week; (Ms. HARRIS) was added as a cosponsor names of the Senator from Kentucky considered and agreed to. of S. 1376, a bill to amend parts B and (Mr. PAUL) and the Senator from Kan- By Mr. CRAPO (for himself, Mr. RISCH, E of title IV of the Social Security Act and Mrs. FEINSTEIN): sas (Mr. MORAN) were added as cospon- to eliminate barriers to providing child S. Res. 320. A resolution recognizing and sors of S. 803, a bill to amend the Inter- welfare services for children and youth supporting the goals and ideals of National nal Revenue Code of 1986 to restore in- in need, to provide additional resources Forensic Science Week; considered and centives for investments in qualified agreed to. to implement programmatic changes improvement property. By Mr. MENENDEZ (for himself, Mr. necessary to meet the requirements of CRAPO, Mr. COONS, Mr. VAN HOLLEN, S. 818 the Family First Prevention Services Mr. BOOKER, Mr. HAWLEY, Mr. At the request of Mr. RISCH, the Act, and for other purposes. CARDIN, Mrs. CAPITO, Mr. MARKEY, name of the Senator from Mississippi S. 1391 and Mr. WYDEN): (Mrs. HYDE-SMITH) was added as a co- S. Res. 321. A resolution designating Sep- sponsor of S. 818, a bill to exempt cer- At the request of Ms. BALDWIN, the tember 2019 as ‘‘National Prostate Cancer tain 16- and 17-year-old individuals em- name of the Senator from Ohio (Mr. Awareness Month’’; considered and agreed BROWN) was added as a cosponsor of S. to. ployed in logging operations from child labor laws. 1391, a bill to require reporting regard- f ing certain drug price increases, and S. 875 ADDITIONAL COSPONSORS for other purposes. At the request of Mr. TOOMEY, the S. 1455 S. 500 names of the Senator from West Vir- At the request of Mr. WARNER, the ginia (Mr. MANCHIN) and the Senator At the request of Mr. ALEXANDER, the name of the Senator from Hawaii (Ms. from Oklahoma (Mr. LANKFORD) were name of the Senator from Mississippi HIRONO) was added as a cosponsor of S. added as cosponsors of S. 875, a bill to (Mrs. HYDE-SMITH) was added as a co- 500, a bill to amend title 54, United provide for the reporting to State and sponsor of S. 1455, a bill to amend the States Code, to establish, fund, and local law enforcement authorities of Horse Protection Act to provide in- provide for the use of amounts in a Na- cases in which the national instant creased protection for horses partici- tional Park Service Legacy Restora- criminal background check system in- pating in shows, exhibitions, sales, and tion Fund to address the maintenance dicates that a firearm has been sought auctions, and for other purposes. backlog of the National Park Service, to be acquired by a prohibited person, S. 1628 and for other purposes. so that authorities may pursue crimi- At the request of Mrs. FISCHER, the S. 596 nal charges under State law, and to en- name of the Senator from Kansas (Mr. At the request of Mr. BARRASSO, the sure that the Department of Justice re- MORAN) was added as a cosponsor of S. name of the Senator from Mississippi ports to Congress on prosecutions se- 1628, a bill to amend the Internal Rev- (Mrs. HYDE-SMITH) was added as a co- cured against prohibited persons who enue Code of 1986 to extend the em- sponsor of S. 596, a bill to amend title attempt to acquire a firearm. ployer credit for paid family and med- XVIII of the Social Security Act to S. 926 ical leave, and for other purposes. provide for direct payment to physi- At the request of Mr. WYDEN, the S. 1700 cian assistants under the Medicare pro- name of the Senator from Colorado At the request of Mr. KENNEDY, the gram for certain services furnished by (Mr. BENNET) was added as a cosponsor names of the Senator from Louisiana such physician assistants. of S. 926, a bill to amend the Internal (Mr. CASSIDY) and the Senator from Il- S. 638 Revenue Code of 1986 to ensure that linois (Mr. DURBIN) were added as co- At the request of Mr. CARPER, the kombucha is exempt from any excise sponsors of S. 1700, a bill to provide a name of the Senator from Washington taxes and regulations imposed on alco- temporary safe harbor for publishers of (Ms. CANTWELL) was added as a cospon- holic beverages. online content to collectively nego- sor of S. 638, a bill to require the Ad- S. 1032 tiate with dominant online platforms ministrator of the Environmental Pro- At the request of Mr. PORTMAN, the regarding the terms on which content tection Agency to designate per- and names of the Senator from Wyoming may be distributed.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:08 Sep 20, 2019 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00021 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A19SE6.050 S19SEPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S5604 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 19, 2019 S. 1723 S. 2254 by supporting and providing financial At the request of Mr. BENNET, the At the request of Mr. BROWN, the resources for North Atlantic right name of the Senator from New Hamp- name of the Senator from Delaware whale conservation programs and shire (Mrs. SHAHEEN) was added as a co- (Mr. COONS) was added as a cosponsor projects of persons with expertise re- sponsor of S. 1723, a bill to amend the of S. 2254, a bill to amend the Internal quired for the conservation of North Omnibus Parks and Public Lands Man- Revenue Code of 1986 to create a Pen- Atlantic right whales, and for other agement Act of 1996 to provide for the sion Rehabilitation Trust Fund, to es- purposes. establishment of a Ski Area Fee Reten- tablish a Pension Rehabilitation Ad- S. 2461 tion Account. ministration within the Department of At the request of Mr. MARKEY, the S. 1766 the Treasury to make loans to multi- names of the Senator from Connecticut At the request of Ms. COLLINS, the employer defined benefit plans, and for (Mr. BLUMENTHAL), the Senator from names of the Senator from Ohio (Mr. other purposes. New Jersey (Mr. BOOKER), the Senator PORTMAN) and the Senator from Michi- S. 2293 from Pennsylvania (Mr. CASEY), the gan (Mr. PETERS) were added as cospon- At the request of Mr. CRAMER, the Senator from California (Mrs. FEIN- sors of S. 1766, a bill to implement poli- names of the Senator from Wisconsin STEIN), the Senator from Minnesota cies to end preventable maternal, new- (Ms. BALDWIN) and the Senator from Il- (Ms. KLOBUCHAR), the Senator from born, and child deaths globally. linois (Ms. DUCKWORTH) were added as New Hampshire (Mrs. SHAHEEN), the S. 1840 cosponsors of S. 2293, a bill to extend Senator from Vermont (Mr. LEAHY), At the request of Mrs. FISCHER, the the authority of the Export-Import the Senator from Vermont (Mr. SAND- name of the Senator from Michigan Bank of the United States and to mod- ERS), the Senator from Maryland (Mr. (Mr. PETERS) was added as a cosponsor ify the quorum requirement of the VAN HOLLEN), the Senator from Rhode of S. 1840, a bill to establish certain re- Bank, and for other purposes. Island (Mr. WHITEHOUSE) and the Sen- quirements for the small refineries ex- S. 2317 ator from Oregon (Mr. MERKLEY) were emption of the renewable fuels provi- At the request of Mr. MURPHY, the added as cosponsors of S. 2461, a bill to sions under the Clean Air Act, and for names of the Senator from New Hamp- designate a portion of the Arctic Na- other purposes. shire (Ms. HASSAN), the Senator from tional Wildlife Refuge as wilderness. S. 1841 Vermont (Mr. SANDERS) and the Sen- S. 2463 At the request of Mr. COONS, the ator from New York (Mrs. GILLIBRAND) At the request of Mr. WYDEN, the name of the Senator from Alabama were added as cosponsors of S. 2317, a name of the Senator from Illinois (Mr. (Mr. JONES) was added as a cosponsor bill to amend title II of the Social Se- DURBIN) was added as a cosponsor of S. of S. 1841, a bill to amend the Internal curity Act to credit individuals serving 2463, a bill to amend the Internal Rev- Revenue Code of 1986 to extend the pub- as caregivers of dependent relatives enue Code of 1986 to provide for regula- licly traded partnership ownership with deemed wages for up to five years tion and taxation of electronic ciga- structure to energy power generation of such service, and to support State rettes and alternative nicotine prod- projects and transportation fuels, and medical training programs for care- ucts. for other purposes. givers. S. 2493 S. 1862 S. 2321 At the request of Mr. BLUMENTHAL, At the request of Mr. MENENDEZ, the At the request of Mr. BLUNT, the his name was added as a cosponsor of name of the Senator from Oregon (Mr. names of the Senator from Michigan S. 2493, a bill to establish the Malign WYDEN) was added as a cosponsor of S. (Ms. STABENOW) and the Senator from Foreign Influence Response Center in 1862, a bill to limit the fees charged and Georgia (Mr. ISAKSON) were added as the Office of the Director of National collected from applicants for natu- cosponsors of S. 2321, a bill to require Intelligence, and for other purposes. ralization and related benefits based on the Secretary of the Treasury to mint S. 2496 poverty, and for other purposes. a coin in commemoration of the 100th At the request of Mr. CASEY, the S. 2158 anniversary of the establishment of name of the Senator from New York Negro Leagues baseball. At the request of Ms. HASSAN, the (Mrs. GILLIBRAND) was added as a co- name of the Senator from Arizona (Ms. S. 2414 sponsor of S. 2496, a bill to amend title MCSALLY) was added as a cosponsor of At the request of Mr. PORTMAN, the II of the Social Security Act to elimi- S. 2158, a bill to improve certain pro- name of the Senator from Michigan nate the Medicare and disability insur- grams of the Department of Health and (Ms. STABENOW) was added as a cospon- ance benefits waiting periods for dis- Human Services with respect to heri- sor of S. 2414, a bill to amend the Inter- abled individuals. table disorders. nal Revenue Code of 1986 to extend the S. CON. RES. 9 S. 2179 Health Coverage Tax Credit. At the request of Ms. STABENOW, the At the request of Mr. CARDIN, the S. 2434 name of the Senator from Illinois (Ms. name of the Senator from Minnesota At the request of Mr. PETERS, the DUCKWORTH) was added as a cosponsor (Ms. SMITH) was added as a cosponsor name of the Senator from Florida (Mr. of S. Con. Res. 9, a concurrent resolu- of S. 2179, a bill to amend the Older RUBIO) was added as a cosponsor of S. tion expressing the sense of Congress Americans Act of 1965 to provide social 2434, a bill to establish the National that tax-exempt fraternal benefit soci- service agencies with the resources to Criminal Justice Commission. eties have historically provided and provide services to meet the urgent S. 2452 continue to provide critical benefits to needs of Holocaust survivors to age in At the request of Mr. BOOKER, the the people and communities of the place with dignity, comfort, security, name of the Senator from Illinois (Ms. United States. and quality of life. DUCKWORTH) was added as a cosponsor S. RES. 205 S. 2203 of S. 2452, a bill to provide incentives At the request of Mr. MURPHY, the At the request of Mr. BLUNT, the for agricultural producers to carry out name of the Senator from Mississippi names of the Senator from Alabama climate stewardship practices, to pro- (Mr. WICKER) was added as a cosponsor (Mr. JONES), the Senator from Massa- vide for increased reforestation across of S. Res. 205, a resolution expressing chusetts (Ms. WARREN) and the Senator the United States, to establish the the gratitude of the Senate for the peo- from Oregon (Mr. WYDEN) were added Coastal and Estuary Resilience Grant ple who operate or support diaper as cosponsors of S. 2203, a bill to extend Program, and for other purposes. banks and diaper distribution programs the transfer of Electronic Travel Au- S. 2453 in their local communities. thorization System fees from the Trav- At the request of Mr. BOOKER, the S. RES. 313 el Promotion Fund to the Corporation name of the Senator from Kansas (Mr. At the request of Mrs. HYDE-SMITH, for Travel Promotion (Brand USA) ROBERTS) was added as a cosponsor of the name of the Senator from Nevada through fiscal year 2027, and for other S. 2453, a bill to assist in the conserva- (Ms. ROSEN) was added as a cosponsor purposes. tion of the North Atlantic right whale of S. Res. 313, a resolution designating

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:08 Sep 20, 2019 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00022 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A19SE6.052 S19SEPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE September 19, 2019 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S5605 the week of September 22 through Sep- is amended by striking ‘‘52.75 percent’’ and ‘‘(2) ROUNDING.—If any amount as adjusted tember 28, 2019, as ‘‘Gold Star Families all that follows through the period and in- under paragraph (1) is not a multiple of $0.01, Remembrance Week’’. serting the following: ‘‘$49.56 per pound and a such amount shall be rounded to the next proportionate tax at the like rate on all frac- highest multiple of $0.01.’’. S. RES. 318 tional parts of a pound but not less than (k) FLOOR STOCKS TAXES.— At the request of Mr. RISCH, the 10.066 cents per cigar.’’. (1) IMPOSITION OF TAX.—On tobacco prod- name of the Senator from Massachu- (2) GUIDANCE.—The Secretary of the Treas- ucts manufactured in or imported into the setts (Mr. MARKEY) was added as a co- ury, or the Secretary’s delegate, may issue United States which are removed before any sponsor of S. Res. 318, a resolution to guidance regarding the appropriate method tax increase date and held on such date for support the Global Fund to fight AIDS, for determining the weight of large cigars for sale by any person, there is hereby imposed Tuberculosis and Malaria, and the purposes of calculating the applicable tax a tax in an amount equal to the excess of— under section 5701(a)(2) of the Internal Rev- Sixth Replenishment. (A) the tax which would be imposed under enue Code of 1986. section 5701 of the Internal Revenue Code of f (f) TAX PARITY FOR ROLL-YOUR-OWN TO- 1986 on the article if the article had been re- BACCO AND CERTAIN PROCESSED TOBACCO.— STATEMENTS ON INTRODUCED moved on such date, over Subsection (o) of section 5702 of the Internal (B) the prior tax (if any) imposed under BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTIONS Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by inserting section 5701 of such Code on such article. ‘‘, and includes processed tobacco that is re- By Mr. DURBIN (for himself, Mr. (2) CREDIT AGAINST TAX.—Each person shall moved for delivery or delivered to a person BROWN, Mr. MARKEY, Mr. be allowed as a credit against the taxes im- other than a person with a permit provided posed by paragraph (1) an amount equal to BLUMENTHAL, Mr. REED, Ms. under section 5713, but does not include re- HIRONO, Mr. WYDEN, Mrs. MUR- movals of processed tobacco for exportation’’ $500. Such credit shall not exceed the RAY, and Mr. MERKLEY): after ‘‘wrappers thereof’’. amount of taxes imposed by paragraph (1) on S. 2517. A bill to amend the Internal (g) CLARIFYING TAX RATE FOR OTHER TO- such date for which such person is liable. Revenue Code of 1986 to provide tax BACCO PRODUCTS.— (3) LIABILITY FOR TAX AND METHOD OF PAY- MENT.— rate parity among all tobacco prod- (1) IN GENERAL.—Section 5701 of the Inter- (A) LIABILITY FOR TAX.—A person holding ucts, and for other purposes; to the nal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by add- ing at the end the following new subsection: tobacco products on any tax increase date to Committee on Finance. ‘‘(i) OTHER TOBACCO PRODUCTS.—Any prod- which any tax imposed by paragraph (1) ap- Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, I ask uct not otherwise described under this sec- plies shall be liable for such tax. unanimous consent that the text of the tion that has been determined to be a to- (B) METHOD OF PAYMENT.—The tax imposed bill be printed in the RECORD. bacco product by the Food and Drug Admin- by paragraph (1) shall be paid in such man- There being no objection, the text of istration through its authorities under the ner as the Secretary shall prescribe by regu- the bill was ordered to be printed in Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco lations. the RECORD, as follows: Control Act shall be taxed at a level of tax (C) TIME FOR PAYMENT.—The tax imposed equivalent to the tax rate for cigarettes on by paragraph (1) shall be paid on or before S. 2517 an estimated per use basis as determined by the date that is 120 days after the effective Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep- the Secretary.’’. date of the tax rate increase. resentatives of the United States of America in (2) ESTABLISHING PER USE BASIS.—For pur- (4) ARTICLES IN FOREIGN TRADE ZONES.— Congress assembled, poses of section 5701(i) of the Internal Rev- Notwithstanding the Act of June 18, 1934 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. enue Code of 1986, not later than 12 months (commonly known as the Foreign Trade This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Tobacco Tax after the later of the date of the enactment Zone Act, 48 Stat. 998, 19 U.S.C. 81a et seq.), Equity Act of 2019’’. of this Act or the date that a product has or any other provision of law, any article SEC. 2. INCREASING EXCISE TAXES ON CIGA- been determined to be a tobacco product by which is located in a foreign trade zone on RETTES AND ESTABLISHING EXCISE the Food and Drug Administration, the Sec- any tax increase date shall be subject to the TAX EQUITY AMONG ALL TOBACCO retary of the Treasury (or the Secretary of tax imposed by paragraph (1) if— PRODUCT TAX RATES. the Treasury’s delegate) shall issue final reg- (A) internal revenue taxes have been deter- (a) TAX PARITY FOR ROLL-YOUR-OWN TO- ulations establishing the level of tax for such mined, or customs duties liquidated, with re- BACCO.—Section 5701(g) of the Internal Rev- product that is equivalent to the tax rate for spect to such article before such date pursu- enue Code of 1986 is amended by striking cigarettes on an estimated per use basis. ant to a request made under the 1st proviso ‘‘$24.78’’ and inserting ‘‘$49.56’’. (h) CLARIFYING DEFINITION OF TOBACCO of section 3(a) of such Act, or (b) TAX PARITY FOR PIPE TOBACCO.—Sec- PRODUCTS.— tion 5701(f) of the Internal Revenue Code of (B) such article is held on such date under (1) IN GENERAL.—Subsection (c) of section the supervision of an officer of the United 1986 is amended by striking ‘‘$2.8311 cents’’ 5702 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is and inserting ‘‘$49.56’’. States Customs and Border Protection of the amended to read as follows: Department of Homeland Security pursuant (c) TAX PARITY FOR SMOKELESS TOBACCO.— ‘‘(c) TOBACCO PRODUCTS.—The term ‘to- to the 2d proviso of such section 3(a). (1) Section 5701(e) of the Internal Revenue bacco products’ means— (5) DEFINITIONS.—For purposes of this sub- Code of 1986 is amended— ‘‘(1) cigars, cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, section— (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘$1.51’’ pipe tobacco, and roll-your-own tobacco, and (A) IN GENERAL.—Any term used in this and inserting ‘‘$26.84’’; ‘‘(2) any other product subject to tax pur- subsection which is also used in section 5702 (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘‘50.33 suant to section 5701(i).’’. of such Code shall have the same meaning as cents’’ and inserting ‘‘$10.74’’; and (2) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.—Subsection such term has in such section. (C) by adding at the end the following: (d) of section 5702 of such Code is amended by (B) TAX INCREASE DATE.—The term ‘‘tax in- ‘‘(3) SMOKELESS TOBACCO SOLD IN DISCRETE striking ‘‘cigars, cigarettes, smokeless to- crease date’’ means the effective date of any SINGLE-USE UNITS.—On discrete single-use bacco, pipe tobacco, or roll-your-own to- increase in any tobacco product excise tax units, $100.66 per thousand.’’. bacco’’ each place it appears and inserting rate pursuant to the amendments made by (2) Section 5702(m) of such Code is amend- ‘‘tobacco products’’. this section (other than subsection (j) there- ed— (i) INCREASING TAX ON CIGARETTES.— of). (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘or chew- (1) SMALL CIGARETTES.—Section 5701(b)(1) ing tobacco’’ and inserting ‘‘, chewing to- of such Code is amended by striking ‘‘$50.33’’ (C) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ bacco, or discrete single-use unit’’; and inserting ‘‘$100.66’’. means the Secretary of the Treasury or the Secretary’s delegate. (B) in paragraphs (2) and (3), by inserting (2) LARGE CIGARETTES.—Section 5701(b)(2) ‘‘that is not a discrete single-use unit’’ be- of such Code is amended by striking (6) CONTROLLED GROUPS.—Rules similar to fore the period in each such paragraph; and ‘‘$105.69’’ and inserting ‘‘$211.38’’. the rules of section 5061(e)(3) of such Code (C) by adding at the end the following: (j) TAX RATES ADJUSTED FOR INFLATION.— shall apply for purposes of this subsection. ‘‘(4) DISCRETE SINGLE-USE UNIT.—The term Section 5701 of such Code, as amended by (7) OTHER LAWS APPLICABLE.—All provi- ‘discrete single-use unit’ means any product subsection (g), is amended by adding at the sions of law, including penalties, applicable containing tobacco that— end the following new subsection: with respect to the taxes imposed by section ‘‘(A) is not intended to be smoked; and ‘‘(j) INFLATION ADJUSTMENT.— 5701 of such Code shall, insofar as applicable ‘‘(B) is in the form of a lozenge, tablet, pill, ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—In the case of any cal- and not inconsistent with the provisions of pouch, dissolvable strip, or other discrete endar year beginning after 2019, the dollar this subsection, apply to the floor stocks single-use or single-dose unit.’’. amounts provided under this chapter shall taxes imposed by paragraph (1), to the same (d) TAX PARITY FOR SMALL CIGARS.—Para- each be increased by an amount equal to— extent as if such taxes were imposed by such graph (1) of section 5701(a) of the Internal ‘‘(A) such dollar amount, multiplied by section 5701. The Secretary may treat any Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by striking ‘‘(B) the cost-of-living adjustment deter- person who bore the ultimate burden of the ‘‘$50.33’’ and inserting ‘‘$100.66’’. mined under section 1(f)(3) for the calendar tax imposed by paragraph (1) as the person (e) TAX PARITY FOR LARGE CIGARS.— year, determined by substituting ‘calendar to whom a credit or refund under such provi- (1) IN GENERAL.—Paragraph (2) of section year 2018’ for ‘calendar year 2016’ in subpara- sions may be allowed or made. 5701(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 graph (A)(ii) thereof. (l) EFFECTIVE DATES.—

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(1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in ment’)’’ after ‘‘Department of Transpor- ‘‘(F) work in coordination with the Depart- paragraphs (2) through (4), the amendments tation’’; ment of Agriculture, the Department of made by this section shall apply to articles (B) in subsection (e)(1)— Health and Human Services, the Department removed (as defined in section 5702(j) of the (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph of Commerce, the Federal Communications Internal Revenue Code of 1986) after the last (A), by striking ‘‘6’’ and inserting ‘‘7’’; Commission, and other Federal agencies, as day of the month which includes the date of (ii) in subparagraph (C), by striking ‘‘and’’ the Secretary determines to be appropriate, the enactment of this Act. at the end; in carrying out the responsibilities of the As- (2) DISCRETE SINGLE-USE UNITS AND PROC- (iii) by redesignating subparagraph (D) as sistant Secretary. ESSED TOBACCO.—The amendments made by subparagraph (E); and ‘‘(5) CONTRACTS AND AGREEMENTS.—For the subsections (c)(1)(C), (c)(2), and (f) shall (iv) by inserting after subparagraph (C) the purpose of carrying out the mission and apply to articles removed (as defined in sec- following: goals of the Office under paragraph (3) and tion 5702(j) of the Internal Revenue Code of ‘‘(D) an Assistant Secretary for Rural Eco- the duties of the Assistant Secretary under 1986) after the date that is 6 months after the nomic Investment, who shall be appointed by paragraph (4), the Assistant Secretary may date of the enactment of this Act. the Secretary; and’’; enter into contracts, cooperative agree- (3) LARGE CIGARS.—The amendments made (C) in subsection (f)(1), by striking ‘‘De- ments, and other agreements as necessary, by subsection (e) shall apply to articles re- partment of Transportation’’ each place it including with research centers, institutions moved after December 31, 2019. appears and inserting ‘‘Department’’; of higher education, States, units of local (4) OTHER TOBACCO PRODUCTS.—The amend- (D) by redesignating subsection (h) as sub- ments made by subsection (g)(1) shall apply section (i); and government, nonprofit organizations, or a to products removed after the last day of the (E) by inserting after subsection (g) the combination of any of those entities— month which includes the date that the Sec- following: ‘‘(A) to conduct research on transportation investments that promote rural economic retary of the Treasury (or the Secretary of ‘‘(h) OFFICE OF RURAL ECONOMIC INVEST- development; the Treasury’s delegate) issues final regula- MENT.— ‘‘(B) to solicit information in the develop- tions establishing the level of tax for such ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—There is established in product. the Department an Office of Rural Economic ment of policy, programs, and activities of Investment (referred to in this subsection as the Department that can improve infrastruc- By Mr. DURBIN (for himself and the ‘Office’). ture investment and economic development Mr. BRAUN): ‘‘(2) LEADERSHIP.—The head of the Office in rural areas; S. 2518. A bill to amend title 49, shall be the Assistant Secretary for Rural ‘‘(C) to develop educational and outreach United States Code, to establish an As- Economic Investment (referred to in this materials, including the conduct of work- sistant Secretary for Rural Economic subsection as the ‘Assistant Secretary’), who shops, courses, and certified training for Investment and an Office of Rural Eco- shall report directly to the Secretary. rural communities and regions that can fur- nomic Investment, to ensure that rural ‘‘(3) MISSION AND GOALS.—The mission and ther the mission and goals of the Office and the Department; and communities are adequately rep- goals of the Office shall be to coordinate with other offices and agencies within the ‘‘(D) to carry out any other activities, as resented in Federal decisionmaking for Department and with other Federal agen- determined by the Secretary to be appro- transportation policy, and for other cies— priate. purposes; to the Committee on Com- ‘‘(A) to ensure that the unique needs and ‘‘(6) EMPLOYEES.—The Secretary shall en- merce, Science, and Transportation. attributes of rural transportation, involving sure that not more than 4 full-time equiva- Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, I ask all modes, are fully addressed and prioritized lent employees are assigned to the Office. unanimous consent that the text of the during the development and implementation ‘‘(7) APPLICABILITY.—In carrying out the bill be printed in the RECORD. of transportation policies, programs, and ac- mission and goals of the Office under para- There being no objection, the text of tivities within the Department; graph (3) and the duties of the Assistant Sec- the bill was ordered to be printed in ‘‘(B) to improve coordination of Federal retary under paragraph (4), the Assistant transportation policies, programs, and ac- the RECORD, as follows: Secretary shall consider as rural any area tivities within the Department in a manner considered to be a rural area under a Federal S. 2518 that expands economic development in rural transportation program of the Depart- Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep- communities and regions, and to provide rec- ment.’’. resentatives of the United States of America in ommendations for improvement, including (2) COUNCIL ON CREDIT AND FINANCE.—Sec- Congress assembled, additional reorganization and realignments; tion 117(b)(1) of title 49, United States Code, SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. ‘‘(C) to expand Federal transportation in- is amended by adding at the end the fol- This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Rural Eco- frastructure investment in rural commu- lowing: nomic Infrastructure Equity Act of 2019’’. nities, including by providing recommenda- ‘‘(I) The Assistant Secretary for Rural Eco- tions for changes in formula funds or other SEC. 2. RURAL ECONOMIC INVESTMENT. nomic Investment.’’. (a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: existing funding distribution patterns; (1) DEPARTMENT.—The term ‘‘Department’’ ‘‘(D) to use innovation to resolve local and (c) REORGANIZATION PROPOSAL.— means the Department of Transportation. regional transportation challenges faced by (1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, in con- (2) RELEVANT CONGRESSIONAL COMMIT- rural communities; sultation with the relevant congressional TEES.—The term ‘‘relevant congressional ‘‘(E) to promote and improve planning and committees, shall develop a proposed reorga- committees’’ means— coordination among rural areas to maximize nization of the functions of the Department (A) the Committee on Transportation and the unique competitive advantage in those to ensure improved coordination and Infrastructure of the House of Representa- areas while avoiding duplicative Federal, prioritization of programs and services that tives; State and local investments; and promote rural infrastructure investment, ex- (B) the Committee on Energy and Com- ‘‘(F) to ensure that all rural communities pansion, equity, and economic development. merce of the House of Representatives; lacking resources receive proactive out- (2) REPORT.—Not later than 180 days after (C) the Committee on Environment and reach, education, and technical assistance to the date of enactment of this Act, the Sec- Public Works of the Senate; improve access to Federal transportation retary shall submit to the relevant congres- (D) the Committee on Commerce, Science, programs. sional committees a report that describes and Transportation of the Senate; ‘‘(4) DUTIES OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY.—The the proposed reorganization plan under para- (E) the Committee on Banking, Housing, Assistant Secretary shall— graph (1). and Urban Affairs of the Senate; ‘‘(A) provide information and outreach to (d) RURAL CONSULTATION.— (F) the Subcommittee on Transportation, rural communities concerning the avail- Housing and Urban Development, and Re- ability and eligibility requirements of par- (1) REQUIREMENT.— lated Agencies of the Committee on Appro- ticipating in programs of the Department; (A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year priations of the House of Representatives; ‘‘(B) help rural communities identify com- after the date of enactment of this Act, each and petitive economic advantages and avoid du- office and agency within the Department (G) the Subcommittee on Transportation, plicative transportation investments in shall develop and implement a process to en- Housing and Urban Development, and Re- order to ensure continued economic growth; sure meaningful and timely input from rural lated Agencies of the Committee on Appro- ‘‘(C) serve as a resource for assisting rural stakeholders during the development of any priations of the Senate. communities with respect to Federal trans- regulation, guidance, or policy that would (3) SECRETARY.—The term ‘‘Secretary’’ portation programs; have substantial direct effects on 1 or more means the Secretary of Transportation. ‘‘(D) ensure and coordinate a routine rural rural areas. (b) ESTABLISHMENT.— consultation on the development of policies, (B) CONSULTATION.—To the maximum ex- (1) IN GENERAL.—Section 102 of title 49, programs, and activities of the Department; tent practicable and in accordance with ap- United States Code, is amended— ‘‘(E) serve as an advocate within the De- plicable Federal law, an office or agency of (A) in subsection (a), by inserting ‘‘(re- partment on behalf of rural communities; the Department shall not promulgate a regu- ferred to in this section as the ‘Depart- and lation, issue guidance, or implement a policy

VerDate Sep 11 2014 05:24 Sep 20, 2019 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00024 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A19SE6.055 S19SEPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE September 19, 2019 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S5607 described in subparagraph (A) unless the of- cans are currently living with a dis- Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, I ask fice or agency— ability. By 2024, 5 .2 million direct care unanimous consent that the text of the (i) consults with rural stakeholders before workers will be needed across all care bill be printed in the RECORD. developing the proposed regulation; settings. There being no objection, the text of (ii) publishes in the Federal Register a summary rural impact statement, which Direct care workers, such as home the bill was ordered to be printed in shall consist of— health aides and nursing assistants, are the RECORD, as follows: (I) a description of the consultation with the backbone of the long-term care S. 2523 rural stakeholders on the regulation, guid- workforce, providing daily assistance Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep- ance, or policy; to millions of older Americans, people resentatives of the United States of America in (II) a summary of any concerns raised by with disabilities, and others with Congress assembled, the rural stakeholders; chronic care needs. Direct care workers SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. (III) a description of the extent to which help ensure that older Americans and This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Adjunct concerns referred to in subclause (II) have Faculty Loan Fairness Act of 2019’’. been alleviated; and people with disabilities receive the (IV) a description of why the regulation, critical care they need while remaining SEC. 2. LOAN FORGIVENESS FOR ADJUNCT FAC- guidance, or policy is needed; and active members of their communities. ULTY. (iii) submits to the Director of the Office of However, direct care workers are often Section 455(m)(3)(B)(ii) of the Higher Edu- Management and Budget— paid low wages and may face poor cation Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1087e(m)(3)(B)(ii)) is amended— (I) the summary rural impact statement working conditions and economic inse- described in clause (ii); and (1) by striking ‘‘teaching as’’ and inserting curity. The majority of direct care the following: ‘‘teaching— (II) on request of the Director, any written workers are women and people of color. communications submitted to the office or ‘‘(I) as’’; agency from rural stakeholders. Some direct care workers do not have (2) by striking ‘‘, foreign language faculty, and part-time faculty at community col- (2) DESIGNATION.—Not later than 180 days education beyond high school and lack after the date of enactment of this Act, each access to a career pathway or advanced leges), as determined by the Secretary.’’ and office and agency within the Department training. Twenty-four percent of home inserting ‘‘and foreign language faculty), as shall designate an official within that office care workers live below the Federal determined by the Secretary; or’’; and (3) by adding at the end the following: or agency to serve as the official with prin- poverty level and 52 percent of direct cipal responsibility for the implementation ‘‘(II) as a part-time faculty member or in- care workers rely on some form of pub- structor who— of this subsection. lic assistance to support themselves (e) ADVISORY COMMITTEE.— ‘‘(aa) teaches not less than 1 course at an (1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall estab- and their families. institution of higher education (as defined in lish a rural transportation advisory council Today, I am pleased to introduce the section 101(a)), a postsecondary vocational (referred to in this subsection as the ‘‘advi- Direct Creation, Advancement, and Re- institution (as defined in section 102(c)), or a sory council’’) to consult with and advise the tention of Employment Opportunity Tribal College or University (as defined in Office of Rural Economic Investment. Act, or Direct CARE Opportunity Act, section 316(b)); and ‘‘(bb) is not employed on a full-time basis (2) MEMBERSHIP.—The Secretary shall ap- with Senator HASSAN. I am proud to by any other employer.’’. point members to the advisory council in a have partnered with my friend and col- manner that ensures that the geographic and league in the Virginia delegation f economic diversity of rural regions of the United States are represented. Chairman Bobby Scott on this bill, who SUBMITTED RESOLUTIONS (3) MEETINGS.—The advisory council shall has also introduced the bill today in meet not less than twice per year, as deter- the House of Representatives. The Di- mined by the Secretary. rect CARE Opportunity Act provides SENATE RESOLUTION 319—DESIG- (4) DUTIES.—The advisory council shall— support for strategies to recruit, re- NATING THE WEEK BEGINNING (A) advise the Office of Rural Economic In- tain, and advance the direct care work- SEPTEMBER 16, 2019, AS NA- vestment on issues related to rural needs re- force pipeline. Our legislation would TIONAL HISPANIC-SERVING IN- lating to Federal transportation programs; support the implementation of models STITUTIONS WEEK (B) develop recommendations for any changes to Federal law, regulations, internal and strategies to train more people in Mr. MENENDEZ (for himself, Mr. Department guidance, or other measures the direct care field, while allowing for CORNYN, Mr. BENNET, Mr. BLUMENTHAL, that would eliminate barriers for rural ac- local and regional innovation to ad- Mr. BOOKER, Mr. CASEY, Ms. CORTEZ cess or improve rural equity in transpor- dress workforce shortages. We encour- MASTO, Mr. DURBIN, Mrs. FEINSTEIN, tation investments; age retention and career advancement Ms. HARRIS, Mr. HEINRICH, Mr. KAINE, (C) examine methods of maximizing the in a high-demand field where workers Ms. KLOBUCHAR, Mrs. MURRAY, Ms. number of opportunities for assistance for carry a large emotional burden and ROSEN, Mr. RUBIO, Mr. SANDERS, Mr. rural areas under Federal transportation face barriers to economic mobility. Our programs, including expanded outreach and UDALL, Mr. GARDNER, and Mr. BRAUN) technical assistance; legislation responds to the needs of our submitted the following resolution; (D) examine methods of encouraging inter- growing aging population, allowing which was considered and agreed to: governmental and local resource cooperation older Americans, people with disabil- S. RES. 319 to mitigate duplicative investments in key ities, and those with chronic illnesses Whereas Hispanic-Serving Institutions are regions and improve the efficiencies in the to remain in their communities while degree-granting institutions that have a full- delivery of Federal transportation programs; receiving critical care and support, time equivalent undergraduate enrollment of (E) evaluate other methods of creating new helping prevent costlier institutional at least 25 percent Hispanic students; opportunities for rural regions; and care. Whereas Hispanic-Serving Institutions (F) address any other relevant issues as the I urge my colleagues on both sides of play an important role in educating many Secretary determines to be appropriate. the aisle to see the Direct CARE Op- underprivileged students and helping those portunity Act as a chance to invest in students attain their full potential through By Mr. KAINE (for himself and higher education; Ms. HASSAN): the professionals who care for millions Whereas 523 Hispanic-Serving Institutions S. 2521. A bill to award grants for the of vulnerable Americans every day, en- operate in the United States; recruitment, retention, and advance- suring they live with dignity and inde- Whereas Hispanic-Serving Institutions rep- ment of direct care workers; to the pendence. resent just over 15 percent of all nonprofit Committee on Health, Education, institutions of higher education, yet serve Labor, and Pensions. By Mr. DURBIN (for himself, Ms. 26.8 percent of all students and 66 percent of Mr. KAINE. Mr. President. As our DUCKWORTH, Mr. BOOKER, and all Hispanic students, enrolling 2,066,468 His- Nation ages, we face a growing need for Ms. HIRONO): panics; direct care professionals to care for S. 2523. A bill to amend section Whereas, in September 2019, the number of older adults and people with disabil- 455(m) of the Higher Education Act of ‘‘emerging Hispanic-Serving Institutions’’, 1965 in order to allow adjunct faculty defined as institutions that do not yet meet ities. The U.S. Census Bureau projects the threshold of 25 percent Hispanic full-time the number of people aged 65 and older members to qualify for public service equivalent enrollment but serve a Hispanic to more than double between 2015 and loan forgiveness; to the Committee on student population of between 15 and 24 per- 2060, from nearly 48 million to 98 mil- Health, Education, Labor, and Pen- cent, stands at 328 institutions operating in lion. Approximately 61 million Ameri- sions. 35 States;

VerDate Sep 11 2014 05:24 Sep 20, 2019 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00025 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A19SE6.035 S19SEPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S5608 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 19, 2019 Whereas Hispanic-Serving Institutions are (iv) contact local media outlets and invite the disease and the highest risk for men with located in 25 States, the District of Colum- those groups to cover events hosted during several affected relatives; bia, and Puerto Rico, and emerging Hispanic- National Forensic Science Week; Whereas screening by a digital rectal ex- Serving Institutions are located in 35 States; (B) local policymakers to— amination and a prostate-specific antigen Whereas Hispanic-Serving Institutions are (i) recognize, through formal commenda- blood test can detect the disease at the ear- actively involved in stabilizing and improv- tion or resolution, the contributions of local lier, more treatable stages, which could in- ing the communities in which the institu- forensic science laboratories to the commu- crease the chances of survival for more than tions are located; nities of those policymakers; 5 years to nearly 100 percent; Whereas Hispanic-Serving Institutions are (ii) formally declare the third week of Sep- Whereas only 30 percent of men survive leading efforts to increase Hispanic partici- tember to be ‘‘Forensic Science Week’’ by more than 5 years if diagnosed with prostate pation in science, technology, engineering, proclamation; cancer after the cancer has metastasized; and mathematics (STEM); (iii) visit local forensic science labora- Whereas there are no noticeable symptoms Whereas celebrating the vast contributions tories to gain an understanding of the capa- of prostate cancer in the early stages, mak- of Hispanic-Serving Institutions to the bilities and needs of those laboratories; and ing appropriate screening critical; United States strengthens the culture of the (iv) discuss the operational needs of State Whereas, in fiscal year 2019, the Director of United States; and and local forensic science laboratories; the National Institutes of Health supported Whereas the achievements and goals of (C) members of communities in the United approximately $271,000,000 in research Hispanic-Serving Institutions deserve na- States, including members of the media, to— projects focused specifically on prostate can- tional recognition: Now, therefore, be it (i) attend community events sponsored by cer; Resolved, That the Senate— local forensic science laboratories; Whereas ongoing research promises further (1) recognizes the achievements and goals (ii) take tours of local forensic science lab- improvements in prostate cancer prevention, of Hispanic-Serving Institutions across the oratories; and early detection, and treatment; and United States and in Puerto Rico; (iii) ask local forensic science laboratories Whereas educating people in the United (2) designates the week beginning Sep- about the operational and legislative needs States, including health care providers, tember 16, 2019, as ‘‘National Hispanic-Serv- of those laboratories; about prostate cancer and early detection ing Institutions Week’’; and (D) members of the media to highlight strategies is crucial to saving the lives of (3) calls on the people of the United States local news stories that focus on the work of men and preserving and protecting families: and interested groups to observe the week local forensic science laboratories in the Now, therefore, be it with appropriate ceremonies, activities, and communities that those laboratories serve; Resolved, That the Senate— programs to demonstrate support for His- and (1) designates September 2019 as ‘‘National panic-Serving Institutions. (E) public safety officers, law enforcement Prostate Cancer Awareness Month’’; f officers, and officers of the court to— (2) declares that steps should be taken— (i) attend community events sponsored by (A) to raise awareness about the impor- SENATE RESOLUTION 320—RECOG- local forensic science laboratories; tance of screening methods for, and treat- NIZING AND SUPPORTING THE (ii) take tours of local forensic science lab- ment of, prostate cancer; GOALS AND IDEALS OF NA- oratories; (B) to encourage research— TIONAL FORENSIC SCIENCE (iii) discuss the operational needs of State (i) to improve screening and treatment for WEEK and local forensic science laboratories; and prostate cancer; (iv) engage local forensic science labora- (ii) to discover the causes of prostate can- Mr. CRAPO (for himself, Mr. RISCH, tories regarding working together more ef- cer; and and Mrs. FEINSTEIN) submitted the fol- fectively; and (iii) to develop a cure for prostate cancer; lowing resolution; which was consid- (2) the Senate supports the goals and ideals and ered and agreed to: of National Forensic Science Week. (C) to continue to consider ways to im- prove access to, and the quality of, health S. RES. 320 f Whereas the Senate is committed to the care services for detecting and treating pros- use of forensic science in the investigation of SENATE RESOLUTION 321—DESIG- tate cancer; and crimes, the prosecution and conviction of the NATING SEPTEMBER 2019 AS (3) calls on the people of the United States, correct perpetrators of crimes, and the exon- ‘‘NATIONAL PROSTATE CANCER interest groups, and affected persons— (A) to promote awareness of prostate can- eration of innocent individuals falsely ac- AWARENESS MONTH’’ cused of crimes in the United States; cer; Whereas forensic science service providers Mr. MENENDEZ (for himself, Mr. (B) to take an active role in the fight to address critical criminal and civil questions CRAPO, Mr. COONS, Mr. VAN HOLLEN, end the devastating effects of prostate can- in the United States, including by providing Mr. BOOKER, Mr. HAWLEY, Mr. CARDIN, cer on individuals, families, and the econ- omy; and scientific conclusions relating to forensic Mrs. CAPITO, Mr. MARKEY, and Mr. (C) to observe National Prostate Cancer evidence; WYDEN) submitted the following reso- Whereas forensic science service providers Awareness Month with appropriate cere- lution; which was considered and monies and activities. partner with— agreed to: (1) Federal agencies to build and maintain f criminal databases relating to latent prints, S. RES. 321 DNA, and other information relevant to Whereas more than 2,900,000 men in the AUTHORITY FOR COMMITTEES TO criminal cases; and United States live with prostate cancer; MEET (2) Federal, State, and local agencies to en- Whereas 1 in 9 men in the United States Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I sure public safety; will be diagnosed with prostate cancer in have 3 requests for committees to meet Whereas forensic science service providers their lifetimes and 1 in 41 men in the United during today’s session of the Senate. serve a vital role in the criminal justice sys- States will die from prostate cancer; They have the approval of the Majority Whereas prostate cancer is the most com- tem by providing scientific information to and Minority leaders. investigators and officers of the court; and monly diagnosed non-skin cancer and the Whereas the third week in September is second-leading cause of cancer-related Pursuant to rule XXVI, paragraph recognized as ‘‘National Forensic Science deaths among men in the United States; 5(a), of the Standing Rules of the Sen- Week’’: Now, therefore, be it Whereas the American Cancer Society esti- ate, the following committees are au- Resolved, That— mates that, in 2019, 174,650 men will be diag- thorized to meet during today’s session (1) it is the sense of the Senate that Na- nosed with, and more than 31,620 men will of the Senate: tional Forensic Science Week provides a spe- die of, prostate cancer; COMMITTEE ON HEALTH, EDUCATION, LABOR, cial opportunity for— Whereas 41.9 percent of newly diagnosed AND PENSIONS (A) forensic service providers to— prostate cancer cases occur in men under the (i) recognize the contributions of forensic age of 65; The Committee on Health, Edu- scientists in the laboratories in which those Whereas the odds of developing prostate cation, Labor, and Pensions is author- individuals work; cancer rise rapidly after age 50; ized to meet during the session of the (ii) organize community events to encour- Whereas African-American men suffer Senate on Thursday, September 19, age a better understanding of forensic from a prostate cancer incidence rate that is 2019, at 9 a.m., to conduct a hearing. science; significantly higher than that of White men COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS (iii) provide tours to Federal, State, and and have more than double the prostate can- The Committee on Foreign Relations local policymakers to assist those individ- cer mortality rate than that of White men; uals in gaining better insight into the cur- Whereas having a father or brother with is authorized to meet during the ses- rent capabilities of forensic service providers prostate cancer more than doubles the risk sion of the Senate on Thursday, Sep- and future demands that forensic service of a man developing prostate cancer, with a tember 19, 2019, at 10 a.m., to conduct a providers will face; and higher risk for men who have a brother with hearing on the following nominations:

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:08 Sep 20, 2019 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00026 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A19SE6.039 S19SEPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE September 19, 2019 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S5609 Marshall Billingslea of Virginia, to be The senior assistant legislative clerk Mr. MCCONNELL. I ask unanimous an Under Secretary of State Civilian read as follows: consent that the resolutions be agreed Security, Democracy, and Human A resolution (S. Res. 205) expressing the to, the preambles be agreed to, and the Rights, Mr. Adam Seth Boehler of Lou- gratitude of the Senate for the people who motions to reconsider be considered isiana, to be Chief Executive Officer of operate or support diaper banks and diaper made and laid upon the table, all en the United States International Devel- distribution programs in their local commu- bloc. opment Finance Corporation, Mr. Mi- nities. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without chael Pack of Maryland, to be Chief There being no objection, the com- objection, it is so ordered. Executive Officer of the Broadcasting mittee was discharged, and the Senate The resolutions were agreed to. Board of Governors. proceeded to consider the resolution. The preambles were agreed to. Mr. MCCONNELL. I further ask that COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY (The resolutions, with their pre- the resolution be agreed to, the pre- The Committee on the Judiciary is ambles, are printed in today’s RECORD amble be agreed to, and the motions to authorized to meet during the session under ‘‘Submitted Resolutions.’’) reconsider be considered made and laid of the Senate on Thursday, September upon the table with no intervening ac- f 19, 2019, at 10 a.m., to conduct a busi- tion or debate. ness meeting and hearing on the fol- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without MEASURES READ THE FIRST lowing nominations: Halil Suleyman objection, it is so ordered. TIME—H.R. 2486 AND H.R. 4378 Ozerden, of Mississippi, to be United The resolution (S. Res. 205) was Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I States Circuit Judge for the Fifth Cir- agreed to. understand that there are two bills at cuit, David B. Barlow, to be United The preamble was agreed to. the desk, and I ask for their first read- States District Judge for the District (The resolution, with its preamble, is ing en bloc. of Utah, John Fitzgerald Kness, to be printed in the RECORD of May 14, 2019, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The United States District Judge for the under ‘‘Submitted Resolutions.’’) clerk will read the bills by title for the Northern District of Illinois, R. Austin f first time en bloc. Huffaker, Jr., to be United States Dis- The senior assistant legislative clerk AUTISM COLLABORATION, AC- trict Judge for the Middle District of read as follows: Alabama, Lee Philip Rudofsky, to be COUNTABILITY, RESEARCH, EDU- United States District Judge for the CATION, AND SUPPORT ACT OF A bill (H.R. 2486) to reauthorize mandatory 2019 funding programs for historically Black col- Eastern District of Arkansas, Justin leges and universities and other minority- Reed Walker, to be United States Dis- Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I serving institutions. trict Judge for the Western District of ask unanimous consent that the Sen- A bill (H.R. 4378) making continuing appro- Kentucky, Eleni Maria Roumel, of ate proceed to the immediate consider- priations for fiscal year 2020, and for other Maryland, to be a Judge of the United ation of H.R. 1058, which was received purposes. States Court of Federal Claims, and from the House. Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I Kenneth Charles Canterbury, Jr., of The PRESIDING OFFICER. The now ask for a second reading, and I ob- South Carolina, to be Director, Bureau clerk will report the bill by title. ject to my own request, all en bloc. of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Ex- The senior assistant legislative clerk The PRESIDING OFFICER. Objec- plosives, W. Stephen Muldrow, to be read as follows: tion having been heard, the bills will United States Attorney for the District A bill (H.R. 1058) to amend the Public receive their second reading on the of Puerto Rico, Michael D. Baughman, Health Service Act to enhance activities of next legislative day. to be United States Marshal for the the National Institutes of Health with re- Western District of Pennsylvania, spect to research on autism spectrum dis- f Kerry Lee Pettingill, to be United order and enhance programs relating to au- tism, and for other purposes. ORDERS FOR MONDAY, States Marshal for the Eastern District SEPTEMBER 23, 2019 of Oklahoma, and Fernando L. G. There being no objection, the Senate Sablan, to be United States Marshal proceeded to consider the bill. Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I for the District of Guam and concur- Mr. MCCONNELL. I ask unanimous ask unanimous consent that when the rently United States Marshal for the consent that the bill be considered read Senate completes its business today, it District of the Northern Mariana Is- a third time. adjourn until 3 p.m., Monday, Sep- lands, all of the Department of Justice. The bill was ordered to a third read- tember 23; further, that following the ing and was read the third time. prayer and pledge, the morning hour be f Mr. MCCONNELL. I know of no fur- deemed expired, the Journal of pro- PRIVILEGES OF THE FLOOR ther debate on the bill. ceedings be approved to date, the time The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there Mr. SULLIVAN. Mr. President, I ask for the two leaders be reserved for their further debate? unanimous consent that Ariel Hasse, use later in the day, morning business Hearing none, the bill having been an intern in my office, be granted floor be closed, and the Senate proceed to read the third time, the question is, privileges through September 27, 2019. executive session and resume consider- Shall the bill pass? ation of the McGuire nomination; and The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without The bill (H.R. 1058) was passed. objection, it is so ordered. that finally, notwithstanding the pro- Mr. MCCONNELL. I ask unanimous visions of rule XXII, the cloture mo- f consent that the motion to reconsider tions filed during today’s and yester- EXPRESSING THE GRATITUDE OF be considered made and laid upon the day’s sessions of the Senate ripen at THE SENATE FOR THE PEOPLE table. 5:30 p.m., Monday, September 23. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without WHO OPERATE OR SUPPORT DIA- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered. PER BANKS AND DIAPER DIS- objection, it is so ordered. f TRIBUTION PROGRAMS IN THEIR f LOCAL COMMUNITIES RESOLUTIONS SUBMITTED TODAY Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I ADJOURNMENT UNTIL MONDAY, ask unanimous consent that the Com- ask unanimous consent that the Sen- SEPTEMBER 23, 2019, AT 3 P.M. mittee on Health, Education, Labor, ate now proceed to the en bloc consid- Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, if and Pensions be discharged from fur- eration of the following Senate resolu- there is no further business to come be- ther consideration of S. Res. 205 and tions which were submitted earlier fore the Senate, I ask unanimous con- that the Senate proceed to its imme- today: S. Res. 319, S. Res. 320, and S. sent that it stand adjourned under the diate consideration. Res. 321. previous order. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The There being no objection, the Senate There being no objection, the Senate, clerk will report the resolution by proceeded to consider the resolutions at 4:24 p.m., adjourned until Monday, title. en bloc. September 23, 2019, at 3 p.m.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:08 Sep 20, 2019 Jkt 089060 PO 00000 Frm 00027 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A19SE6.042 S19SEPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S5610 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 19, 2019 NOMINATIONS To be major JESSICA L. O. STANLEY MILLARD STORMS, JR. Executive nominations received by ANNA M. ADKINS MILES A. STUTES STEPHANIE C. ANDERSON ANDREA M. TIDD the Senate: KELLIE S. ANDREWS SARAH F. TORRES DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY EDUARDO E. ARTIGA ANN L. TROMBLY REBEKAH H. AULD NATASHA M. TROZZOLO MITCHELL A. SILK, OF NEW YORK, TO BE AN ASSIST- MICHELE N. BALIHE JASON W. WEBB ANT SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY, VICE HEATH P. MICHELLE A. R. BELL ANDREA F. WEISS TARBERT, RESIGNED. TRISHA M. BENISH EMILY J. WIELERT JAMIE L. BLESSINGCALCARONE NATIONAL FOUNDATION ON THE ARTS AND THE BENJAMIN C. WIER LAUREN E. BRENDEL JOSHUA E. WISER HUMANITIES AMESSIA S. BROWN TIKIA U. WRIGHT JACQUELINE D. BROWN VICTORIA P. WU ROBERT JOSEPH KRUCKEMEYER, OF TEXAS, TO BE A JENELL N. BROWN MARY E. ZANDER MEMBER OF THE NATIONAL COUNCIL ON THE HUMAN- BETH A. BRUSTUEN ITIES FOR A TERM EXPIRING JANUARY 26, 2022, VICE ERICA L. BUCKLEY THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT DOROTHY KOSINSKI, TERM EXPIRED. DANIEL D. BUHLER TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES AIR FORCE UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE RICHARD P. BUI JESSICA A. CARPENTER To be major ROBERT ANTHONY DIXON, OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUM- EVAN B. CARSON BIA, TO BE UNITED STATES MARSHAL FOR THE SUPE- JAMES W. CAVINESS BRANDON R. BURDEN RIOR COURT OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA FOR THE WYATT B. CHERRY IN THE ARMY TERM OF FOUR YEARS, VICE MICHAEL A. HUGHES, TERM KATHERINE A. COFFMAN EXPIRED. JENNIFER A. COLEMAN THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT THE JUDICIARY JESSICA Y. COMBS TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY LAUREN J. COOPER UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: DANIELLE J. HUNSAKER, OF OREGON, TO BE UNITED RYAN M. CROSSMAN STATES CIRCUIT JUDGE FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT, VICE MICHAEL J. D AMICO To be major MEGAN L. DAVIS DIARMUID F. O’SCANNLAIN, RETIRED. TIMOTHY M. DONELSON WILLIAM JOSEPH NARDINI, OF CONNECTICUT, TO BE SHIRLEY DE LA ROSA UNITED STATES CIRCUIT JUDGE FOR THE SECOND CIR- JONATHAN J. DOHANICH THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT CUIT, VICE CHRISTOPHER DRONEY, RETIRED. SIMON R. DOMENECH TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY DANIEL MACK TRAYNOR, OF NORTH DAKOTA, TO BE MARY A. M. DUEITT UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE FOR THE DISTRICT OF BRIAN M. EDICK To be major NORTH DAKOTA, VICE DANIEL L. HOVLAND, RETIRING. RACHEL L. ELDER GRANT C. JAQUITH, OF NEW YORK, TO BE A JUDGE OF ASHLEY M. ERTEL CESAR A. PATINO LISA FERNANDEZ THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR VET- THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT ZACHARY J. FETTERMAN ERANS CLAIMS FOR THE TERM OF FIFTEEN YEARS, VICE IN THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE RESERVE OF THE ALEXIS N. FLETES ROBERT N. DAVIS, RETIRING. ARMY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 12203: SCOTT J. LAURER, OF VIRGINIA, TO BE A JUDGE OF THE PAULINE M. FLORES UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR VETERANS ELIZABETH H. FOLEY To be colonel CLAIMS FOR THE TERM OF FIFTEEN YEARS, VICE MARY AUBRIE H. FRAZIER J. SCHOELEN, RETIRING. JASON M. FREEMAN JOHN J. VOGEL SARAH E. FRY IN THE ARMY THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT MARTIN G. GAKURIA TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE RESERVE OF THE THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT SARAH P. GANZ ARMY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 12203: ALLISON H. GARCIA IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY TO THE GRADE INDICATED To be colonel WHILE ASSIGNED TO A POSITION OF IMPORTANCE AND KASSIA O. GARFIELD RESPONSIBILITY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 601: CASEY V. GLEW LANCE A. BROWN KEVIN R. GRAHAM To be lieutenant general MICHELL A. GREENIDGE THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT BRIDGETTE D. GRIFFITHS TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY MAJ. GEN. MARK C. SCHWARTZ JESSE GRONSKY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: IN THE AIR FORCE SAMANTHA L. GUY To be colonel NATHAN W. HAMILTON THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT JEFFREY R. HARTZELL GREGORY J. HIRSCHEY TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE REGULAR AIR FORCE MARLA R. HARVEY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS 531 AND 716: THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT LINDSEY J. HATCHER TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY To be lieutenant colonel GRIFFIN M. HOLAUCHOCK UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: DANIEL J. HUBBARD DAVID B. MARTIN BAKARY M. JALLOW To be lieutenant colonel THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT CRAIG B. JENSEN MICHAEL C. HAITH IN THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE REGULAR AIR FORCE MATTHEW R. JIMENEZ UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS 531 AND 716: LATASHA J. JOHNSON THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT LINDSAY A. JOHNSTON TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY To be lieutenant colonel ISAIAH D. JONES UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: MATTHEW W. STYLES JOSEPH J. JONES To be major FRANCIS M. KATUMBA To be major DANYELE KAVAKCIOGLU ANDERSON CHRISTOPHER O. DORSEY RACHEL R. KEENER LINDSEY P. DAVIS THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT KRISTIN M. KING TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT LERON B. KING UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES AIR ANNE H. LEE FORCE UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: SAMMY J. LEOS To be major To be lieutenant colonel EMILY P. LUCAS PHILLIP D. MAILLOUX GALEN CIPPERLY SHAYLA A. CANTY–SMITH MICHAEL D. MARX THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT BENJAMIN A. MCCOMB TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE RESERVE OF THE TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES AIR SARA J. MCDOWELL ARMY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 12203: FORCE UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: BARBARA A. MCLEOD BROCK A. MCNABB To be colonel To be colonel VALENTINA M. MEROLA WAYNE J. HARSHA JEFFREY J. AUTREY DEVIN L. MERRITT JACQUELINE MILLS THE FOLLOWING NAMED ARMY NATIONAL GUARD OF JOHN D. CATOE THE UNITED STATES OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT TO TAM T. DINH JENNIFER L. MINARCIK RYAN G. MONTANARI THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE RESERVE OF THE ARMY JOEL R. DIXON UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTIONS 12203 AND 12211: MICHAEL G. HAINES GABRIELLE B. MOORE TIMOTHY A. LOOMIS SYBELLA V. MORERE To be colonel KENDRA J. MARNELL REBECCA A. MORRISDAVIS ERIC L. PHILLIPS TIMOTHY W. NAILL PAULA A. BOICE SOO A. SOHN DREW R. OEN NATHANIEL L. CARPER JENNIFER T. VECCHIONE JAMES T. S. ONEAL II PAUL M. FRANKEN REGINA M. ORTEGA ANTHONY C. HAMILTON THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT JAMIE R. OWSIANY CHARLES T. HILLS TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES AIR ALEXIS M. PASCHAL GUNNAR D. KIERSEY FORCE UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: LAURENCE L. PASS LESLEY E. KIPLING To be lieutenant colonel MARISSA R. PENA WESLEY A. PARMER CAESAR R. PEREIRA ERIC W. SOULTS TRAVIS M. ALLEN JANICE R. PERIDO BENJAMIN J. SPROUSE JASON R. BARKER JEFFERY R. S. PERRY ANDREW B. STONE KARL N. BLANCAFLOR TERESSA M. PETOSKY CHUNAE ZOH ROBERT D. BOHNSACK JAMES R. PHILLIPS IN THE NAVY DANIEL S. CALL MARIA A. PITTS RACHEL E. DAVID MATTHEW P. POLSTER THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT CRAIG M. FORSYTHE JEREMY T. POWELL TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY KEVIN M. HUDSON BRYAN L. PRESLER UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: KEVIN L. HUMPHREY PAUL J. RICHARDSON JASON T. KLODNICKI PEDRO D. RIVERA To be commander DAVID R. LEONARD JESSICA L. ROBBINS MICHAEL J. TAGALOA DAVID S. MERRIFIELD NATHAN R. ROCHA JONATHAN T. RUNNELS THEODORE J. SCHNESKI THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT DAVID Y. SUH BRITTANY K. SCHOTT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY CHRISTOPHER D. UNDERWOOD II MIRIAM C. SEVILLE UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT TYRONE A. SIMON To be captain TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES AIR DEBBIE P. SITHCALICA FORCE UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: TREY J. SLAUTER PATCHO N. SANTIAGO

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THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR TEMPORARY JENNIFER G. RYKACZEWSKI TRAVIS M. MAUPIN APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE FRANK E. SACCO III MATTHEW S. MCCAULEY UNITED STATES NAVY UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION PAULMARVIN M. SANTOS MICHAEL S. MCNEAL 605: RICHARD W. SCHMERMUND ISSAC MEDINA ALLISON C. D. SCOTT TERRY E. MENGES, JR. To be lieutenant commander JAMES C. SHAW RANDY S. MENN BRYAN A. BOLDON RYAN R. SHERWOOD CAMERON D. MITCHELL LUCIAN H. SMITH MARK A. MORRIS THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT JOSHUA H. SNOKE RICHARD NAJAR, JR. TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY BRADLEY M. STINEHART RONALD L. NEAL UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: TIMOTHY J. SUMMERS NHAN V. NGUYEN, JR. To be lieutenant commander JOY L. TAPAJCIK KAFAYAT O. OLANIRAN MICHAEL P. TAYLOR JASON Z. ONEAL MICHAEL D. CRIBBS TIMOTHY TRAN PETUNIA ORR THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT KEITH B. TRAPP, JR. STEPHEN E. PAKOLA TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY PHILLIP URIBE, JR. STEVEN C. PALMER UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: ALICIA A. VISSCHER DANIEL J. POKELWALDT JASON A. WADDELL EDWARD R. POLK To be lieutenant commander NICHOLAS W. WDOWSKI JASON M. PRICE JACQUELINE N. WELLS SEAN P. PUGH BRACKERY L. BATTLE CAMERON J. WOODS JAMES H. RACE THE FOLLOWING NAMED INDIVIDUAL FOR APPOINT- COURTNEY K. WRIGHT MOSTAFAMOHAMED I. RASHED MENT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE REGULAR NAVY ANDREW C. WYMAN JAMES N. REVELL UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 531: KENDRA M. YATES MATTHEW W. ROBERTSON To be lieutenant commander THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT ANTHONY U. ROBINSON TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY NATHAN J. RODRIGUEZ JOEL D. MYERS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: JASON B. ROUSE THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT MATTHEW E. RUMPKE TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY To be lieutenant commander PATRICK M. RZESZUT BRYAN D. SCOTT UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: MARIO D. ADAME CHANDRAKA SINGH SCOTT K. ARMSTRONG To be lieutenant commander CHARLES R. SMITH KRISTOFER W. BAIR SCOTT C. SPILMAN BRYAN M. ALLRED JASON D. BAKER JOHN J. STEWART JERMAINE ARMSTRONG TRENT A. BARNES ROBERT M. STRICKLAND PERCY M. ATANGCHO WILSON T. BASILIO EDWARD W. SUDERS III GEORGE B. BARBOUR III RANDALL W. BEAL PATRICIA A. TAYLOR ROBERTA S. BECKER JABBAR D. BELIN JEFFERY L. THERRIEN DANIELLE M. BEIER JEAN P. D. BERTRAM EDWIN C. THOMAS III KELLY L. BISCHOFF GILBERT L. BISHOP II BRIDGETTE A. TOREM MEGAN C. BITTNER DAVID P. BLACK JAMES E. TROGDEN III ALEXANDER S. BOGART GLORIA F. BOYKIN CHRISTOPHER W. TUCKER AARON B. BOX MAGUEL L. BROOKS CEDRIC L. TURNER BRIAN G. BULES MATTHEW N. BROPHY JOHNNY B. TURNER, JR. NICHOLAS J. CANNELLA ALEXANDER Q. BROWN JOSEPH E. WALTMAN DENNIS W. CARTER, JR. DANIEL J. BROWN TRACY L. WASHINGTON RACHEL O. CARTER MICHAEL E. BUCK CARLOS A. WATKINS JUSTIN B. CECIL ROBERT BUCKNER MARK C. WILKINSON MICHAELDAVID R. CHERRY EDWARD S. BUTLER COURTNEY D. WILLIAMS STEPHEN D. CONNER JOHN C. BUTLER, JR. JAMES R. WILSON TIMOTHY T. COOK JOHN J. CAICEDO ANTHONY M. YOUNG NATHAN H. COOLEY ROBERT J. CAMPBELLMARTIN SAMSON J. COVERT KELLY L. CARTWRIGHT THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT TYLER A. DARR MILTON G. CASASOLA TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY TIYA E. DEGHETTO BRIAN S. CHAPLOW UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: AMANDA C. DENO HOWARD R. CHASE To be lieutenant commander ANTHONY J. DIBLASI COREY B. CHEEK ADAM P. DUTIL LARRY J. CHESTER, JR. WILLIAM H. ABBITT KEVIN S. EDSALL WILLIAM R. CONE NICHOLAS H. ABELEIN GEOFFREY A. ELLIS RICHARD R. CORNFORTH ALANA M. ABERNETHY DAVID A. FELBER DAVID A. COX ERNESTO H. ACOSTA MARY M. FORMANEK JEFFREY S. CRABTREE TIMOTHY L. ADDUCE JASON W. FRANKS DAVID E. CRAIG JOSHUA D. ADKINS EDWARD J. GALLIGAN FALANDA D. CULP BILAL A. AGHA ALEXANDRA M. GLORIA ROBIN G. CUNNINGHAM DANIEL T. AGUILERA SEAN D. GRUBE CEDRIC J. DANIELS HAROLD J. AGURTO STEVEN L. HALL KENNETH M. DAVIS, JR. RAMY Y. AHMED ANDREW B. HANSON VELEKA S. DAVIS LENA A. AKERSON DARNELL T. HARRIS BRENT E. DEERING BRADLEY K. ALBACHTEN LUCAS A. HAUCK AGUSTIN DELAROSATORO JASON T. ALDRIDGE DARRIN L. HAYES, JR. RUSSELL DICKERT GARRETT M. ALFSTAD CLEMENT W. J. HERRON JAMES R. DIGNAN BRIAN E. ALLEN BETHANY J. INDAHL ANTON S. DRAKE KELLY C. ALTSCHUL LESLIE A. JACKSON KENNETH E. A. DULEY MATTHEW T. ALVAREZ ADONICA M. JOHNSON ERIC A. EHLEY DANIEL B. AMENDA JOSHUA R. JOHNSON KENNETH E. EKHART, JR. GREGORY N. ANDERSON RITA M. JOHNSON JACOB M. ENGLANDER JOSHUA M. ANDERSON LAKAYSHA L. JONES ERIC A. ERIKSEN, JR. KIERIN W. A. ANDERSON CHRISTOPHER R. JORDAN IAN D. ERSHEN STUART B. ANDERSON MATTHEW J. KAISERSKI CARLOS F. FLORES MICHAEL P. ANDREWS JOHN B. KEENER ERIC S. FOSTER RYAN N. ANDREWS WAYNE W. KILGORE JASON L. FOUTS ANTHONY S. ARENA BRYAN P. KUHN JOSE J. GALVEZ, JR. DANIEL ARMENTEROS VLADISLAVA D. KUKUY BRIAN J. GARCIA KYLE C. ARNESON KAITLIN M. KWIATKOWSKI ADRIAN W. GRAY BENJAMIN J. ARNETT DAVID N. LEBHAR WHITTAKER GREEN DRAKE E. ARNOLD ALEXANDER LEVY LATASHA D. GRIFFIN STEPHEN L. ARNOLD ANTHONY J. LICHI ERIC B. GUENTHER JUAN M. ARREDONDO, JR. ROGER W. LONG JAMES E. GUTHRIE, JR. PATRICK P. ARRIGO SEAN B. MARGOT JOSHUA T. HAHN OSEI ASANTE JOSEPH A. MARINELLI DOUGLAS M. HAMPTON REUBEN J. ATTAH JAMES E. MARTIN MICHAEL D. HARRIS CAITY M. ATWOOD ERIC W. MCANELLY SAMUEL F. HARROLD MATTHEW J. ATWOOD JOSHUA C. MCCAULEY PAULA R. HARVILLE DONALD S. BABCOCK KENDRA M. MCCLAIN LUQMAN HASKETT DANIEL R. BAKER JOHN R. MCDUFFIE ERIN L. HAYDEN NIKITA N. BAKER MICHAEL G. MCLAUGHLIN MARK D. HODIO TIMOTHY P. BAKER BRENDAN J. MCMONAGLE ERIC M. HOLLENBECK SEAN T. BAKEY BROCK A. MCQUEEN MARTIN G. HOWARD TROY A. BALDING COLLIN A. MEADOR JOE A. HUTTON ROBERT E. BALL III JR MEEHAN ISRAEL V. ISIP IAN L. BALLARD ANDREW P. MELTON DAVID D. JEFFERSON GEORGES E. BANKS, JR. CARL A. MURDOCK GREGORY T. JOHNSON, JR. JASON T. BARNES WILLIAM N. MURRAY QUINTINO L. JOHNSON MATTHEW P. BARRETT DIRK A. B. MYERS JASON M. JONES KAYLA J. BARRON MICHAEL R. NYLAND RYAN W. KELLY TIMOTHY C. BARTH LOUIS J. OCAMPO MICHAEL A. KENNEDY ROBERT H. BATTLE CHRISTOPHER G. OLSEN KENNETH E. KESSINGER ERIC M. BEALL ANDREW F. PAYNTER LASHONDA I. LARA BRANDON W. BEAM AARON A. PENNINGTON ERIC M. LARVIA BRIAN C. BEARD ALESSANDRA R. PETTY BRIAN M. LEWIS BRIAN V. BEASLEY MICHAEL R. PHILLIPS CHARLES V. LYNN, JR. ABRAHAM M. BEATES HUNTER D. POMEROY SHAWN P. MADSEN LINDSEY A. BEATES ADAM H. REIFFEN BRUCE J. MANSFIELD BRIANT W. BECOTE JOSHUA M. ROE ROBERT A. MANZUETA MICHAEL A. BEDWELL CAMERON N. ROSS KEITH P. MARINO BENJAMIN L. BEITLER KELLY A. RYAN ANTONIO R. MARTIN JAMES R. BELL

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KEVIN B. BELL HILLARY E. CHARALAMBOUS FRANK L. ELLIS SARAH A. BELMONT IVAN V. CHERNOV MICHAEL S. ELLWOOD DESIREE N. BENDER TONY L. CHITWOOD, JR. DAVID A. ELSENBECK SAMUEL R. BENDER JUNVICENTE M. CHONG, JR. DANIEL A. EMMA ANTHONY J. BERES SCOTT R. CHUDA ADAM K. ENDRELUNAS JOSHUA M. BERGERON CLAIRE E. CLANCY NICHOLAS J. ENGLE ADAM H. BERGMAN THOMAS K. CLAPP JAY C. ENGLISH JONATHAN B. BERKOWITZ ERIC S. CLARK JACOB W. ERICKSON AMANDA M. BERLINSKY SCOTT B. CLARK JOHN B. ERICKSON NICHOLAS T. BERNARD JEFFREY S. CLAUSER KRISTEN J. ERIKSEN ANDREW C. BERNHARDT TRAVIS D. CLAY DAVID N. ERSTAD ANDREW N. BERRY JESSICA A. CLINE GARRISON L. ERWIN ROBERT C. BERRY TIMOTHY P. CLINE KRISTA R. ESCHELMAN ALEXANDER G. BERTA JOHN J. CLOSE ANGEL ESPINO WILLIAM C. BERTHOLD ALEXANDER O. COBB BRANDON T. EUHUS JARRETT G. BIBB JASON M. COCCA MATTHEW A. EVANS FRANTZ BIENAIME ADAM R. COHEE HUNTER M. FAHEY JOSEPH L. M. BIGCAS PATRICK D. COHEN JUSTIN M. FALK KALIMARI M. BILLINGS PETER H. COHN MARC J. FALKNER KATHARINE C. BINDER ALEX COLE JOHN M. FALZETTA ROBERT A. BLACKWELL JOHN V. COLEMAN RICHARD T. FARIAS JARROD S. BLAIN HILLARY S. COLLANDRA NATHAN C. FARISH LEAH K. BLAINE JOSHUA D. COLLINS BENJAMIN R. FARNHAM DANIEL E. BLAIR LAURA E. COMBS DANIEL P. FARRAR J T. BLAKE RYAN C. CONBOY BENJAMIN D. FASSEEL KELLY E. BLAKE STEVEN M. CONNELL KRISTELL FAUSTINO ROBERT L. BLAKE RUSSELL D. CONWAY CHET M. FEARON ANDREW A. BLANCO NAHUM C. COOK TIMOTHY J. FECHNER PATRICK J. BOENSEL JASON S. COONS CARL J. FEDEROFF MARK A. BOHLS NATALYA E. COOPER PATRICK J. FEDEWA BRITTANY M. BOLTON CHRISTOPHER M. CORNELL CHRISTOPHER M. FELDMANN DEAN H. O. BONG KEVIN D. COTTINGHAM JUSTIN M. FELGAR FRANKIE L. BONNER ERIC E. COTTRELL DEREK H. FENNIG CHRISTOPHER M. BORDINO RICHARD L. COUNTS IV DENNIS F. FERNANDEZ DANIEL M. BORING AMBER L. COWAN MICHAEL H. FICK JUSTIN J. B. BORRES JAMES C. COX, JR. MATTHEW L. FILLMORE CHRISTOPHER W. BOURQUE JAMES R. COX ALEXANDER S. FINNELL MATTHEW D. BOUWENSE PHILIP A. COX BRIAN D. FISCHER LOUIS G. BOVE BRENDAN P. COYLE ADAM J. FISEL KRISTIN M. BOWEN MARCUS CRANFORD KENNETH C. FISHER GREGORY S. BOWLIN, JR. REBEKAH A. CRANOR KYLE B. FITCH ALEX T. BOWMAN BRYAN T. CRIGER ANDREW P. FITZGERALD SAMUEL J. BRADDOCK DONALD M. CRISMAN DAVID W. FITZGERALD JORDAN P. BRADFORD MANTRAKO F. CROCKETT ALEXANDER P. FLETCHER DAKOTAH F. BRECHER VANTRAKO D. CROCKETT WILLIAM J. FLETCHER III RYAN P. BRENNAN JASON A. CROMWELL FELIX FLORES TODD A. BRENNER JARRETT R. CROSSGROVE HENRY N. FLORES JEREMY J. BRICCO BART L. CROWDER ELIZABETH A. FLUKE STEVEN L. BRIGGS II FORREST S. CROWELL THOMAS A. FLYNN WILLIAM L. BRIGHT JASON M. CUELLAR JAMES N. FODOR STEVEN J. BRINKLEY STEVEN CUEVAS DOUGLAS T. FORWARD TYLER B. BRISTOL MICHAEL J. CULLEN BENJAMIN B. FOSTER KIRA P. BROCKWELL JOHN P. CURRAN BENJAMIN E. FOX BRADFORD C. BRODERSEN RICHARD F. CURRY, JR. GABRIELLE M. FRANCISCO JONATHAN L. BROGLIE DOUGLAS B. CUSTER MATTHEW D. FREEZE LUTHER E. BROOKS, JR. RODEL G. CUSTODIO ROBERT W. FRIDINGER JAKE L. BROSNAN ADAM J. DAMBRA MARCELLO J. FRIERSON II BRANDON R. BROWN KEVIN C. DANESE JULIE M. FROSLEE JASON J. BROWN THOMAS E. DANNER KELLY W. FRY JUSTIN L. BROWN BASIL DARATSOS CHARLES D. FUEHRER KENNETH M. BROWN TIMOTHY S. DAVEY MARSHALL J. FUGATE, JR. TRAVIS S. BROWN MATTHEW G. DAVIDSON LANDON M. FUHRIMAN GARETH A. BROWNHEBERT HARRY F. DAVIES MUHAMMAD A. FURQAN RYAN V. BRUCE JAMES E. DAVIS DANIEL P. GALLANT PATRICK W. BRYANT EDWARD E. DAWSON CHRISTOPHER T. GANNON SHAWN M. BUCHAN RICHARD A. DAY JOHN C. GASTER III AMANDA M. BUCK JOHNNIE R. DEBOE III SHAUN M. GEARY MARGUERITE A. BUCKLES JOSEPH H. DEBUCK CASEY C. GELONECK WHITNEY A. BUFFIN BRIAN T. DECKER EDWARD G. GEORGE BRENDAN A. BUHOLZER DERRICK B. DEGRAAF JESSICA C. GERMANO DAVID F. BUITRAGO ANTHONY M. DEKEN AARON T. GETTY WALTER S. BUITRAGO, JR. PAUL A. DELUCA JAMES A. GIBBONS, JR. JOHN B. BURBAGE DANIEL R. DEMATTEO PATRICK B. GIBBONS MATTHEW D. BURCHILL MICHAEL A. DENNISON JARAD J. GILBERTSON ANDREW W. BURDG KATARINA G. DENTON KYLE M. GILLETTE MICHAEL D. BURNELL DAVID M. DEPMAN JOSEPH A. GIUDA JAMES T. BURT ROBERT B. DEPOL CHRISTOPHER E. GLACKEN CHRISTOPHER W. BUSCEMI MATTHEW J. DEPPEN KYLE D. GLEGHORN AUSTIN B. BUTLER DOMINIC E. DESTEFANO JOSHUA J. GLENN MYLES M. BUTLER III NICHOLAS J. DETWEILER BRYAN W. GLOCK DOYE A. BYRD CHRISTINE M. DEURO CHRISTOPHER G. GOKEY DANIEL CABAN JUSTIN A. DEVILLAR COLEMAN GONZALEZ CLINTON R. CABE JOHN P. DIMOTAKIS WILLIAM D. GOODYEAR CHRISTOPHER D. CADY MARTIN K. DINEEN, JR. KARI M. GORSKI KHRISTIANNOE C. CAINDOY STEPHEN J. DITAMORE BRIAN W. GOSS COLIN A. CAINES ERIC B. DITTMAN TJ M. GOSS KATIE A. CALHOUN MATTHEW E. DIVITTORE RYAN J. GOULET KEVIN J. CALLAN AARON D. DIXON ERICK W. GRAF CHRISTOPHER M. CALVANICO NATHANIEL L. DOANE JASON P. GRAMMAR BRETT P. CAMPBELL ROBERT N. DOBBINS JOSEPH J. GRANATA II GREGORY A. CAMPBELL DEAN R. DOBRANSKY NOAH J. GRAY MICHAEL J. CAMPBELL RYAN P. DONOHUE BENJAMIN T. GRAYBOSCH RYAN P. CAMPBELL CHRISTOPHER D. DOOLEY JONATHAN D. GREENBERG ROBERT L. C. CANNELL MATTHEW J. DORI DRO J. GREGORIAN CAMERON Z. CARAWAY JUSTIN L. DOWNS PETER G. GRIBKO CARLOS A. CARBALLO ERIC S. DUBE RYAN P. GRIFFITH WAYLON R. CARLSON DOUGLAS R. DUCKERT JOSEPH A. GRIM BRANDEN T. CARPENTER NICHOLAS J. DUCKWORTH DAVID R. GRZYWACZ SCOTT A. CARPER JOHN A. DUGGER JORGE A. GUILLOTY CHRISTINA M. CARPIO SEAN M. DULANEY ERIK M. GUIREMAND MATTHEW CARRASQUILLO CHAD L. DUNCAN JEFFREY D. GUISE JOSEPH E. CARROLL CHRISTOPHER S. DUNCAN TYLER P. GULLIKSEN DEVON A. CARTWRIGHT BENJAMIN T. DUNN JAROM R. GUNDERSON WILLIAM B. CASE III RICHARD T. DUNN ANTHONY H. GUY PHILIP R. CASKEN NEAL B. DUNNE DENNIS C. GUY RYAN W. CASKIE JESSE M. DUPARC BRYCE S. HADLEY LONEY R. CASON KYLE S. DUTE JONATHAN R. HAGERMAN JONATHON D. CASSEL BRIAN M. EASON DANIEL M. HAINES MARLEY E. CASSELS CHRISTOPHER S. ECKEL SEAN W. HALE ANDREW G. CATOIRE MATTHEW D. EGELAND RICHARD D. HALEY CHRISTOPHER R. CEDROS HEATHER C. EHRLICH ALVIS G. HALL, JR. MARIBEL CHALLBURG TIMOTHY A. EICK ANNAJOY L. HALL PETER A. CHAMIS PAUL D. EKLUND JESSICA L. HALL DAVID M. CHAPELLE DARREN J. ELDER JONATHAN C. HALL ROBERT A. CHAPIN JUSTIN M. ELDER MATTHEW W. HALL BRYAN R. CHAPMAN ZACHARY T. ELKIN RICHARD N. HALL ALEXANDER C. CHARALAMBOUS NICHOLAS S. ELLIOTT ASHLEY S. HALLFORD

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ALLISON M. HAMEL ANDREA R. KALTENBACH MATTHEW S. MAUPIN ANDREW D. HAMILTON ANDREW A. KAMM MICHAEL C. MAXWELL JOHN P. HAMILTON JONATHAN D. KARUNAKARAN JEFFREY A. MAYER ERIC L. HAMLIN DAVID J. KEEGAN MATHEW C. MAYO BRENDAN D. HAMM JOHN P. KEILTY ANDREW L. MAYS ROSS F. HAMMERER JUSTIN A. KELCH CHRISTIE L. MCALLISTER RANDALL E. HANGARTNER ADAM N. KELLER JOSEPH J. MCAULIFFE NICHOLAS R. HANLEY NATHAN E. KELLY KEVIN J. MCCABE KEVIN C. HANSOM ROBERT J. KELLY LINDSAY R. MCCAMMOND NICHOLAS D. HARDEN KYLE O. KENDALL ADAM M. MCCANN CHASE E. HARDING BRAZ M. KENNEDY PATRICK W. MCCARTHY MARK F. HARDZINSKI CHARLES R. KENNEDY WILLIAM R. MCCLELLAN JONATHAN T. HARNED PATRICK T. KENNEDY MUZIK M. MCCLINTON SEAN M. HARNEY JORDAN M. KEOUGH II JOHN W. MCCLISH, JR. CLIFFORD B. HARRELL, JR. DOUGLAS A. KETTLER DANIEL A. MCCRACKEN MICHAEL T. HARRIGAN FELECIA S. KHORRAM RYAN C. MCDONOUGH BRITTANY A. HARRIS KEVIN M. KILLEEN, JR. PATRICK R. MCDOWELL JAKE B. HARRIS HYUNG I. KIM KYLE E. MCFADDEN HUGH L. HARRON MCKINLEY Y. KIM RYAN K. MCFADDEN ALLEN D. HARTLEY AMANDA B. KINGERY ANDREW S. MCFARLAND DAVID R. HARTMANN KENNETH A. KINGHORN WEIXIN M. MCFARLAND JACOB R. HARTSFIELD THOMAS R. KINSEY RYAN T. MCGINNITY DAVID J. R. HARVEY JOHN H. KIPPER CHARLES A. MCIVER CHANDLER C. HASEMEYER MATTHEW D. KIRBY AARON C. MCKEEN CHARLES P. HASLAM, JR. ANDREW P. KIRCHERT ELIZABETH M. MCKENZIE MICHAEL T. HATCH JASON D. KIRKPATRICK JAMES R. MCKINNEY COREY A. HAUSMAN GARY D. KISSELBACK CALEB D. MCKINNON TYLER A. HAWKINS ARIEL M. KLAINERMAN STEPHEN P. MCLAUGHLIN JEFFREY M. HAYDEN SARAH A. KLENKE TIMOTHY MCNERNEY CHRISTOPHER R. HAYES ANDREW J. KLINGENSMITH BRANDON S. MCREYNOLDS RICHARD C. HEALEY STEPHEN J. KLINGSEIS BRIAN J. MCSHEA MICHAEL E. HEATHERLY EDWIN K. KLINKHAMMER STANTON F. MCWHORTER SEAN M. HEENAN ROBERT M. KNAPP DAVID J. MELENDEZ RYAN A. HEILMANN MATTHEW B. KNEPPER ANDREW J. MELNYK PATRICK J. HEITMAN GREGORY J. KNOPIK JUSTIN G. MELQUIST DANIEL J. HEMMER MARK D. KNORR THOMAS O. MENNERICH KEDISH O. HEMMINGS CHARLES K. KOLLAR IAN C. MEREDITH CHAD A. HENDERSON DREW J. KOLLMANN JONATHAN J. MESSER SHAWN M. S. HENRY KELLY F. KOLTERMANBROWN ANDREW J. METCALF MATTHEW G. HERBAUGH STEVEN G. KORBEIN KERRY J. MICHAUD BRANDON K. HERRICK ANTHONY J. KORBELY ANDREW P. MILLER LIAM P. HICKEY MARSHALL M. KRAFT DENISE E. MILLER DAVID E. HICKS JUSTIN L. KRAMER JASON D. MILLER MICHAEL J. HICKS DANIEL M. KRIER JASON L. MILLER ROBERT B. HICKS ADAM T. KULCZYCKY RYAN W. MILLER DANIEL R. HILDENBRAND CHAD L. KULP KYLE J. MILLERD DANIEL G. HILL MICHEAL J. KUMM KEVIN S. MISSEL JON T. HILL JOEL R. KUNZ ERNEST F. MITCHELL ROBIN HIROHAMA THOMPSON E. KUNZ JOSHUA M. MITCHELL RYAN M. HIRSCH DANIEL E. KUTZ KEITH S. MITCHELL MARK A. HLOUSEK ADAM D. LAAKSO WADE D. MOCKEL THOMAS E. HOBBS, JR. ZACHARY J. LADEN JOSEPH R. MOFFIT BRENT T. HODGE MATTHEW D. LAI GORDON L. MOHL, JR. JESSICA L. HODGEMAN TRAVIS A. LAIR CHRISTOPHER T. MOHR ERIC A. HODINA JUSTIN C. LANGAN GUY A. MOLINA JENNIFER K. HOFFEN KELTY R. LANHAM JOHN A. MONTANA MICHAEL R. HOGAN JOHN D. LAPE LILLIAN R. MONTANA STEVEN J. HOLLENDER ERIC W. LARSON BRYAN A. MONTGOMERY ZACHARY S. HOLLIDAY RORY M. LARSON ANDREW S. MOORE KEITH R. HOLLIS JAMES P. LASCARA JEFFERY N. MOORE HUNTER L. HOLLRAH DAVID R. LASHOMB RYAN E. MOORE DUSTIN M. HOLM PAUL R. LAVOIE DANIEL J. MOORMAN JEFFREY A. HOLMES BRIANNE K. LAW BARBARA K. MOREJON CHARLES H. HOLMSTROM JOSHUA F. LAWRENCE ALEXIA L. MORGAN BRYAN E. HOLST CARROLL M. LAWSON IV CHRISTI E. MORRISSEY KRISTIN M. HOPE ANDREA M. LAZZARO STEVEN J. MORZENTI DONG I. HOPKINS DAMIEN LE GREGORY W. MOSLEY II CHRISTOPHER J. HOREL JOSEPH P. LEAHY CHRISTOPHER E. MOZER BRANDON K. HORTON ELIZABETH A. LECKIE ALEJANDRO L. MUELA CHRISTOPHER R. HOWARD ANDREW J. LEE KRISTINA F. MULLINS ADAM C. HOWE JONATHAN I. LEE AUDREY L. A. MUNJI ROXANNE R. HUDAK AMADEO J. LEFEBRE CHARLES T. MUNRO BRIAN L. HUDSON ANDREW M. LEGAYADA JOSEPH L. MURPHY ZACHARY T. HUFF ANDREW J. LEGER NILES A. MURPHY DAVID T. HULSE JEFFREY L. LEGG STUART A. MURPHY NICHOLAS M. HURLEY JOSEPH P. LENNON CHRISTOPHER M. MURRAY ANDREW L. HUTCHISON CHRISTOPHER M. LESTER NICHOLAS P. MURRAY MICHAEL A. IMPERATO, JR. JAMES E. LEWIS II WILLIAM K. MURRAY DAVID M. INDIVERI LEIGHANN M. LEWIS WESLEY F. MUSSELMAN DAVID INGEL JEREMY L. LILLIE KEVIN K. MUTAI JOHN A. ISLIN III SCOTT A. LINDAHL ERIC L. MYERS BRIAN E. JACOBS PETER R. LINDSTROM JASON A. MYERS MARIJKE M. JAHR SHAWN M. LINSE BRANDON J. NADDELL WESLEY I. JAHRAUS KYLE J. LISOWSKI REINHARD M. NANN ROBERT J. JAINDL III THOMAS J. LITCHFIELD PATRICK A. NANSON ROBERT J. JAMESON SERGIO E. LLORET TIMOTHY J. NASTA DEAN S. JAMOUS EVAN S. LONG JONATHAN D. NATE KEIVAN R. JANBAZ MICHAEL V. R. LOPEZ BENJAMIN E. NEBEKER ELIZABETH L. JANCA PATRICK T. LOVE NATHAN Y. NEHER BLAKE K. JARDINE STEVEN R. LOZANO BRITTANY N. NELMS AARON A. JEAN DANIEL L. LUIBIL BRENT C. NELSEN BRADLEY S. JENSEN JACOB D. LUMSDEN LAUREN C. NELSON CHRISTOPHER A. JIBILIAN JAMES T. LYKINS RYAN T. NELSON RICK L. JOBSKI, JR. JAMES M. LYONS PATRICK K. NEPRUD AARON A. JOCHIMSEN SCOTT T. MACDONALD ERIK G. NEUBERGER CHRISTOPHER W. JOHNSON ROLANDO J. MACHADO, JR. JIMMY A. NGUYEN FREDERICK S. JOHNSON CHRISTIAN D. MACK CHRISTOPHER A. NICOLET JOSEPH B. JOHNSON III PATRICK E. MACK ADAM N. NOTTBERG MICHAEL A. JOHNSON THOMAS W. MADSON NICHOLAS A. NOVAK ROBERTO J. JOHNSON MYRON J. K. MAHER III THOMAS A. NOWREY IV SAMANTHA L. JOHNSON OLUSOLA J. MAHONEY BRIAN D. OCAMPO TODD N. JOHNSON MICHAEL D. MALAKOWSKY WARD F. ODENWALD IV JAKE W. JOHNSTONE JENNIFER M. MALHEREK BRIAN N. ODONNELL CAMERON D. JONES JOSEPH M. MANCINI DANIEL C. OKEEFE COREY M. JONES JOSEPH L. MANTZ III DUSTIN E. OLDFIELD JUSTIN P. JONES AARON C. MARCHANT KENNETH A. OLOUGHLIN MATTHEW A. JONES ANDREW J. MARCINKOWSKI SPENSER S. OLSEN STEVIE L. JONES II SCOTT H. MARGOLIS JOHN S. ONDIK JOSHUA L. JORDAN RUSSELL J. MARIHUGH ANTHONY M. ORTMAN ADAM K. JUDY MICHAEL J. MARKER CHRISTOPHER P. OSBORNE JASON D. JUNKER BARTHOLOMEW F. MARSHSLAVIN BRIAN J. OTOOLE NAUSHAD KABIR PHILLIP D. MARTIN IAN J. OVERCASH MICHAEL B. KAEHLER ROBERT J. MARTIN SCOTT R. OWEN CHRISTOPHER R. KAGEHIRO JOSHUA R. MARTINEZ STEVEN H. PACE ERIC A. KAIJANKOSKI ROBERTO F. MARTINEZ JESSE W. PACKARD ERIC R. KALICK MICHAEL J. MASTRANGELO RICHARD A. PACKER BENJAMIN S. KALKWARF LISA M. MATTRELLA ELIZABETH M. PAGE

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JOSHUA M. PAINE DOUGLAS J. SCHMIDT JEREMY C. TOPP TIMOTHY D. PALMER, JR. ALEX D. SCHNEIDER IAN L. TOPPING GRAHAM J. PARKER JAMISON C. SCHROCK JOHANNA T. TORGESEN KAYRON M. PARRISH JOHN V. SCHULTZ THEODORE W. TORGESEN PRATIKSHA PATEL MATTHEW J. SCHWAB TRAVIS R. TORLONE ROBERT S. PATRICK III MICHAEL J. SCHWARTZ EVAN M. TRANT ADAM R. PATTERSON NICHOLAS A. SCHWARTZ TRAVIS T. TRAVIS JOHN J. PEACH III NICHOLAS D. SCHWOB DANIEL R. TRAYLOR BRANDON M. PEARSON IAN K. SCIFORD BRAD J. E. TRIBLEY DANIEL J. PEDROTTY BARRY S. SCOTT MATTHEW D. TRYON BRADLEY J. PENDOCK KAYLEE A. SCOTT WILLIAM L. TSCHUMY, JR. ADAM P. PENNINGTON KENDALL S. SCOTT JAMES A. TUCKER AMERICO C. PEREZ, JR. EMIL W. SCOWN JASON M. TUCKER KENNETH J. PERFIDO ANN M. SCROGGS ALEXANDER W. TYNDALL ALBERT J. PERRY ROBERT D. SEADER TIMOTHY H. UCHIDA STEVEN A. PERRY SCOTT M. SEAGO JASON M. ULBRICH SAVANNAH J. PETERS DAVID C. SEIBEL JOHN D. ULETT ANDREW D. PETERSEN GERALD C. SELLARS JOHN F. UNDERHILL CHRISTOPHER J. PETKAS KRISTIN R. SELLERS IAN C. URBAS ANDREW J. PETTIT MATTHEW J. SEYMOUR ERIC M. VALDEZ JONATHAN E. PFAFF ANNA M. T. SHAFER RICHARD A. VALENTA, JR. MATTHEW B. PHILBIN DAVID G. SHAFFER DOMINIC A. VALENTINI DYLAN J. PHILLIPSLEVINE JACOB A. SHAFFER PATRICK W. VAMOSY PAUL H. PIAVIS LUKAS W. SHANE JEFFREY D. VANCUREN LEROY E. PIMENTAL CURTIS W. SHARP THOMAS E. VANDECASTLE JAMEEL M. H. PIMPLETON KRISTIN L. SHAW CURTIS J. VANHOOSER RICHARD D. PINCE MARTIN J. SHEEHAN AUSTIN R. VANOLST CHRISTOPHER E. PITCHER COREY J. SHEERON MARK J. VANORDEN, JR. JEFFREY J. PITTS CURTIS L. SHELTON III ASHTON J. VAUGHAN ANDREW D. PIWOWAREK GREGORY M. SHINEGO MICHAEL W. VAUGHN FABIAN D. PLEASANT JOEL M. SHOLAR AARON G. VENTURINI TORREY A. PLUM TAYLOR N. SHOPE EDSEL C. V. VIERRA KEVIN E. PLUMER JAMES B. SHOWANES ADAM T. VIEUX CHRISTOPHER A. POLHEMUS JARED A. SHRADER SHAWN S. VILLAR DANIEL POLLINI EVAN M. SIEGRIST ANGELINA R. VIOLANTE MATTHEW L. POOL SCOTT A. SIMPSON DAVID L. VISSER BRANDON A. PORTHOUSE SEAN M. SISK ANDREW F. VOSS KERWIN S. POST, JR. EVAN S. SISUNG JOHN A. WAKE, JR. JOHN E. POWERS DAMON A. D. SITGRAVES GERHARD A. WALD ZACHARY J. PREFONTAINE CASEY A. SMITH BRANDON S. WALKER EDWARD M. PRENDERGAST KYLE W. SMITH DANIEL K. WALKER NICHOLAS E. PRESLEY MATTHEW B. SMITH EMILY T. WALLIS MICHAEL J. PROCELLI ZACHARY T. SMITH JAMES R. WALSH CHRISTOPHER F. PRYBELLA ANTHONY J. SMITS COLEMAN A. WARD ADAM R. QUINTANA STEVEN P. SOARES SETH E. WARNER ERIC S. QUIRK CORY L. SOLIS MICHAEL K. C. WATKIS LAURA G. RADSPINNER DOUGLAS F. SPENCE, JR. AMANDA D. WEAST WILLIAM S. RAJNAY ANDREW SPILSBURY ZACHARY T. WEATHERINGTON JETHRO L. RAMOS TAMMY L. SPITZER JACOB H. WEBB ADAM J. REDDICK BRENT R. SPOHRER ANDREW R. WEBSTER JUSTIN L. REECE ROSEMARIE F. SPUHLER CHARLOTTE S. WEBSTER BENJAMIN P. REED SEAN M. STANDEN KEVIN J. WEEKS TIMOTHY A. REEVES II CALVIN A. STARK JEREMIAH K. WEERHEIM PATRICK K. REGAN MEGAN J. STATELER KELLY A. WEHLE WILLIAM P. REGAN ALEXI K. STATON ANDREW R. WEINER BRANDON G. REICHMANN DANIEL F. STAYTON JON K. WEISSBERG GRACE E. REILLY BRIER P. STEENBERGE JEREMY J. WELLENS MAX J. REITBLATT DELANO A. STEINACKER III PHILLIP C. WESTBROOK EMILY H. E. REITER ROBERT G. STEINER GREGORY R. WESTIN SAMUEL H. RENO TIMOTHY C. STEINER GAYLE D. WHEELER, JR. WILLIAM G. RESAVY MATTHEW J. STEPKO JOSHUA T. WHITE WERNER R. RESCHMEIER NATHAN T. STEPP REBECCA C. WHITE MICHAEL P. REYNDERS JUSTIN B. STEVENS SHUN T. WHITE DAVID R. REYNOLDS AARON L. STEWARD NATHAN A. WHITELAW JASON R. RICARD BRETT G. STEWART JONATHAN D. WHITNEY MARK S. RICE GREGORY S. STEWART TIMOTHY F. WHITNEY SAMUEL D. RICHARDSON KYLE R. STEWART PARKER A. WHITWORTH WILLIAM M. RICHARDSON CORY J. STICKLEY PHILIP M. WICKER TAYLOR L. RICHMOND STEVEN C. STILES VICTORIA L. WIEDMEIER KYLE A. RICKERT DEREK J. STOFFER RYAN W. WIELGUS VANESSA C. RISEDORPH RICHARD T. STOLWORTHY CHADWICK C. WILCOX WILLIAM M. RIVERS, JR. ALEX C. STONE JESSICA L. WILCOX MATHIEU R. ROA SHANE T. STONE MICHAEL R. WILCOX JASON M. ROBERSON BRIAN E. STONG BRANDON A. WILDER KRYSTAL M. ROBERTS LAWRENCE W. STOULIG III JUSTIN B. WILEY SCOTT B. ROBERTSON JAMES W. STRANGES DOUGLAS C. WILKINS JAMES J. ROBILLARD LUCAS A. STRASSER AUSTIN M. WILKINSON DANIEL J. ROCHA JUSTIN C. STRAUSSER ANDREW D. WILL MATHEW R. ROCKWELL CHASE T. STRICKLAND NATHAN J. WILLARD LIAM T. RODDY JASON J. STRINGFIELD ADAM R. WILLIAMS KEVIN P. RODRIGO KRYSTAL B. STRONG CAMERON M. WILLIAMS LUIS M. RODRIGUEZ AARON B. STROUD GREGORY C. WILLIAMS ANDREW D. ROEMHILD MATTHEW D. STRUHS JOSHUA N. WILLIAMS ADAM J. ROGELSTAD JOSEPH S. STURGES LUCAS A. WILLOUGHBY PATRICK C. ROMERO BRIAN E. SULLIVAN, JR. STEPHEN E. WILLOUGHBY CHRISTIAN R. RONCKETTI EVAN SULLIVAN DUSTIN E. WILMOTH SEAN D. ROOKS LOGAN W. SULLIVAN AVERY B. WILSON WILLIAM D. ROUDEBUSH NAOMI C. SULLIVAN DAVID A. WILSON THERESA L. ROUSE MICHAEL J. SWAN JAMES T. WILSON ANGELA M. ROUSH JOSEPH D. SWINDEL STEVEN R. WILSON MARTHA L. ROWE RAFE E. TACKES RACHEL E. WINTERS DANIEL I. RUFFIN RUBEN M. TAPIA PHILIP E. WISE PATRICK A. RUPE MICHAEL A. TARESCAVAGE JESSICA A. WITTNER JUSTIN D. RUSSELL ARNOLD P. TAYLOR TIMOTHY A. WITTNER JAMES T. RUSSO IAN H. R. TAYLOR MONCONJAY T. WOEWIYU, SR. EVAN S. RUTHERFORD LEONARD R. TAYLOR MARK A. WOHLGAMUTH III MARY L. RUTTUM ROBERT A. TAYLOR MICHAEL F. WOLFF SEAN M. RYAN AARON D. TERRELL MICAH L. WOOD ROBERT L. RYERSON SCOTT W. TERRY MICHAEL J. WOODWARD MANTAS RYSEVAS JONATHAN C. THAI KENNETH G. WORTHINGTON SCOTT H. SACKREITER RICHARD G. THIEL TIMOTHY WOYMA BENJAMIN P. SACKSEN ALEXANDER C. THIESS STEVEN W. WRIGHT NICHOLAS C. SADIA GARTH T. THOMAS STEVEN W. WRIGHT FRANCISCO SAMALOTROQUE AUSTIN N. THOMPSON ROBERT D. YAGER GREGORY C. SANDNESS GEORGE T. THOMPSON III HARRISON O. YELVERTON IV JAMES E. SANTELLI III PHILIP A. THOMPSON SHANNON M. YINGLING JORGE A. SANTIAGOFIGUEROA ANTHONY L. THOMSEN AARON T. YOUNG KYLE J. SARACENI WILLIAM B. V. THORNLEY GRAYSON S. YOUNG III JAMES D. SAVER BRIAN C. THORPE BRET A. YOUNT ANTHONY M. SCALETTI AARON C. THURBER NICHOLAS J. ZACHMAN JOHN R. SCHAEFFER II JEREMY S. THURMAN CHELSEA L. ZAKRISKI BENJAMIN A. SCHAFER RICHARD A. TIBERIO TIMOTHY J. ZAKRISKI KARL SCHEIMREIF ALEX J. TIDEI CORY ZEBIAN ANDREW J. SCHERER TROY A. TILLSON JOHN F. ZENDT MICHAEL A. SCHILLACI PRESTON T. TILUS DAVID L. ZICARELLI DOUGLAS C. J. SCHLAEFER BRADLEY J. TOMAN MATTHEW D. ZIOMKOWSKI SCOTT M. SCHMALE JOSEPH E. TOMPKINS MARK P. ZITO, JR.

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BRANDON M. ZOSS THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT EMILY J. T. RACKLEY OLIVER C. ZUFELT TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY LAUREN A. REINKE BRENNAN L. ZWAK UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: NATASHA N. RILEY RUBEN B. ZWEIBAN To be lieutenant commander DANIEL L. ROBEY THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT JOSHUA B. ROBISHAW TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY BENJAMIN T. ANDERSON CASSANDRA L. SCHREIBER UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: DAVID J. CARTER MICHAEL D. SCHWARTZ PHILLIP A. CHITTY JOSEPH E. STANLEY To be lieutenant commander ADAM M. DEMETER DAVID D. TUMAN MARCO A. TZORIN KELLY W. AGHA CHRISTINA M. GIBSON JOHN C. ALLEN DERRICK M. INGLE JOSEPH D. VANBRUAENE NICHOLAS R. ALLEN CHELSEA K. IRISH ADAM J. WAYMOUTH VERONICA Y. BAKER PATRICIA A. KREUZBERGER STEPHEN J. WORKMAN SOPHIA M. BAY MICHAEL L. LARSON JAMES M. ZWEIFEL JUSTIN M. BERGMAN PETER S. PAGANO THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT CHRISTINE M. CAIROLI CLINTON E. RAMSDEN III TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY SIMON S. DAVIES ROCHELLE A. RIEGER UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: RYAN S. DECKER CHRISTINA H. SEARS REGINAL A. FISHER LAUREN M. SPAZIANO To be lieutenant commander LUKE D. FREEMAN MATTHEW A. STROUP DANIEL S. GILLER THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT GARRETT L. ADAMS ADAM H. GODFREY TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY KEHINDE A. ADESANYA WILLIAM L. HARBER UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: NATALIE A. ALBERTSON HEATHER L. HUTCHISON CHRISTOPHER P. ANDERSON JACQUELINE N. KYZER To be lieutenant commander BRUCE A. ANDREWS CHRISTOPHER L. LAIRD DANIEL M. BALLANCE NICK AVILA STEPHANIE M. MAENZA ADRIA N. BARB MOLLY G. CARRIGAN KATHERINE G. MARTINEZALVAREZ JACOB T. COUTRE JOSEPH A. BERRIOS ASHLEY C. MORRISON TIMOTHY D. CREEN JASON E. BROWN THOMAS J. PAUSCHE SEAN C. CROGHAN EVITA M. BURKS DAVID A. PETERSEN RYAN K. EVANS JENNIFER R. CHAPMAN JAMES R. PHILLIPS LAUREL E. FERNANDES ULRICK C. CODRINGTON, JR. BENJAMIN F. PITZEL RONIEL A. MAGTANONG DANIEL G. DEMELEW THERESA M. RAMSEY RAYMOND J. MCGRATH ANN M. DIXONLEACH CHERIE M. SANGSTER MIGUEL A. MONTALVO KYLE J. FRANCIS JONATHAN U. TIBBETTS JORDAN T. PENLAND LYNNE A. HATTON CHRISTOPHER B. VEENHUIS IDA T. QUIGLEY RASHAUNDA L. HOLLOWAY MARK T. WILSON TYJEBECK H. RUUN MICHAEL K. HUGHES AMY L. YOUNGER NICOLAS SEGOVIA CHRISTOPHER R. JENNINGS THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT JACOB J. TORBA COLLEEN M. JOHNSON TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY ATHANASIOS R. VARVOUTIS DENISE Y. JONES UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: BRIAN J. KUZARA THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT RICHARD P. LAFFOON TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY To be lieutenant commander MICHAEL J. LAWS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: KWADWO S. AGYEPONG IAN A. LEATHERMAN ROBERT L. ALLEN To be lieutenant commander ASHLEY I. LEWIS NICHOLAS B. ARTABAZON LOVMIKA L. LONG MICHAEL ADAMSKI, JR. ROBERT B. CARELLI RAYMOND E. MENDEZ BRANDON T. ANTHONY TIFFANY A. CLARK JOSEPH R. MILLER SCOTT C. BRITTON JOSEPH C. COLLINS EDWARD B. MONTGOMERY VINCENT D. CHAMBERLAIN TODD E. COURSEY LAWRENCE L. MORGAN, JR. STEFANIE M. DRESSEL CHARLIEAN DOMINGUEZ JOSHUA D. PAULAITIS TARA R. ELLIOTT JORDAN W. FOUQUETTE CHRISTOPHER C. H. RUGILE JEFFREY S. GRABON KEVIN M. GARLINGTON PABLO R. SCHWILCH MATTHEW D. HAKES BRANDI L. GILBERT RYAN L. SEEBA JOEL D. C. HARDING MATTHEW T. HAMILTON COEY J. SIPES ANNA M. HOOK CHAZ R. HENDERSON RYAN D. SMITH DENIE R. KIGER LEE T. JOHNSON STEPHEN SOMUAH, JR. MEREDITH A. MCKAIG LAUREN N. KADLEC INNA STUKOVA KIERSTIN L. PASTRANA SEAN M. KENNEDY SHAREF H. TALBERT DAVID M. PRICE MIGUEL K. LEWIS CHRISTOPHER M. TAYLOR ANDREW E. SWEENEY STEVEN M. LOMBARDO LUKE O. TINGLER BENJAMIN B. WELLS JOHN A. LUHN BRANDON C. URICK AUSTIN C. WEST DANIEL F. LUKASZEWSKI DAVID G. VALENCIA RENE J. MARTIN THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT MARK W. VEAZEY LELAND E. MCCARTY TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY WILLIAM VUE MARK C. MUELLER UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: JOHN C. WELLS, JR. MATTHEW G. MURDOCK To be lieutenant commander DESMOND L. WILSON JESSICA J. OLENA IRIS P. WOOD CHRISTINA S. PRYNE JASON C. ABELL ELIZABETH T. RAJCHEL BRIAN ASHLEY IN THE MARINE CORPS STEPHANIE M. ROCKFORD BRANDON M. BECKLER JOSE J. SAYANS HOUSTON E. BENSON THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT JONATHAN P. SCHEUERMANN JAMES A. BERG IN THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE REGULAR MARINE PATRICK D. SMITH JOHN R. BURNGASSER, JR. CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 531: MITCHELL C. STEWART TRAVIS L. CARTER CHARLES SUNG BRANNON W. CHAPMAN To be major MIKE A. TANO JOSHUA D. CIOCCO JOSEPH B. TESTA III DAVID R. CONRADY JAMES M. STEPHENS JACOB D. THOMPSON CHRISTOPHER J. CRABTREE THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT JASON H. VALIANI BRIAN P. CRAWFORD TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES MA- JOSHUA H. VALIANI NICHOLAS J. DAVIS RINE CORPS UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: SHAUN E. WILLIAMS JOHN P. DEES THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT MARK J. V. DEGUZMAN To be colonel TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY BO S. DORAN UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: DORAN N. DUHART CARLOS T. JACKSON SHENEQUA S. DUNN To be lieutenant commander PRESTON L. EDWARDS f BRADLEY E. CHERRY JONATHAN P. ERWERT KORY L. KEYMER SUZANNE M. GAY MICHAEL W. MARSCHALL DAVID R. GIBBONS ANTHONY R. PETERS CARISSA G. Y. HALL WITHDRAWALS KEVIN W. SNYDER ANDREW M. HARBISON NEIL W. WHITESELL AMBER M. HOLLAND JERMAINE D. JACKSON Executive Message transmitted by THE FOLLOWING NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT MATTHEW D. JACKSON the President to the Senate on Sep- TO THE GRADE INDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY CHUNEY C. JOHNSON UNDER TITLE 10, U.S.C., SECTION 624: JONATHAN D. KASEL tember 19, 2019 withdrawing from fur- To be lieutenant commander BRYAN J. KAUFFMAN BRENT W. KIMMEY ther Senate consideration the fol- HERNAN R. BORJA KRYSTINA I. LANDRY lowing nominations: JONATHAN D. BROWN KEITH J. LASHOMB DWIGHT T. COONS KEVIN M. LEES HEIDI R. KING, OF CALIFORNIA, TO BE ADMINISTRATOR ERIC W. DELISIO ERIC T. LENSMIRE OF THE NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINIS- BRADLEY J. HAMILTON OLGA V. LEVKOVICH TRATION, VICE MARK R. ROSEKIND, WHICH WAS SENT TO RUSSELL J. HUFF, JR. NICHOLAS A. LEYBA THE SENATE ON JANUARY 16, 2019. KENNETH B. MILLER JAMES W. MCCARTY THOMAS MARCELLE, OF NEW YORK, TO BE UNITED JOEL R. NELSON ISMAIL M. MCCOWIN STATES DISTRICT JUDGE FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT ANDREJS R. RITTENHOUSE PAUL S. MOE OF NEW YORK, VICE GARY L. SHARPE, RETIRED, WHICH EDWIN R. RODRIGUEZ PATRICK C. MURRAY WAS SENT TO THE SENATE ON JANUARY 23, 2019. JEREMY A. SASKO JUSTIN NOVAK JEFFREY BYARD, OF ALABAMA, TO BE ADMINIS- LUCAS D. SPINAZZOLA GERIE W. PALANCA TRATOR OF THE FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT KHALID TRADY ZACHARY D. PARMENTAR AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, VICE JOHN T. WALTERS JASON A. PAWLAK BROCK LONG, RESIGNED, WHICH WAS SENT TO THE SEN- BRIAN E. YEE BRIAN A. PICKLER ATE ON MAY 13, 2019.

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