Hedon Haven Evidence Base

Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment

4706 2982 January 2014

Prepared for: East Riding of Yorkshire Council

UNITED KINGDOM & IRELAND

East Riding of Yorkshire Council Hedon Haven Evidence Base

REVISION SCHEDULE

Rev Date Details Prepared by Reviewed by Approved by

1 January 2014 Final Annie Calder Amy Jones Annette Roe Principal - Heritage Principal - Heritage Technical Director

URS WestOne Wellington Street Leeds LS1 1BA

0113 204 5000

Hedon Haven January 2014 Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment East Riding of Yorkshire Council Hedon Haven Evidence Base

Limitations

URS Infrastructure & Environment UK Limited (“URS”) has prepared this Report for the sole use of East Riding of Yorkshire Council (“Client”) in accordance with the Agreement under which our services were performed. No other warranty, expressed or implied, is made as to the professional advice included in this Report or any other services provided by URS. This Report is confidential and may not be disclosed by the Client nor relied upon by any other party without the prior and express written agreement of URS.

The conclusions and recommendations contained in this Report are based upon information provided by others and upon the assumption that all relevant information has been provided by those parties from whom it has been requested and that such information is accurate. Information obtained by URS has not been independently verified by URS, unless otherwise stated in the Report.

The methodology adopted and the sources of information used by URS in providing its services are outlined in this Report. The work described in this Report was undertaken between August 2013 and January 2014, and develops work originally undertaken between May 2012 and December 2012. It is based on the conditions encountered and the information available during the said period of time. The scope of this Report and the services are accordingly factually limited by these circumstances.

Where assessments of works or costs identified in this Report are made, such assessments are based upon the information available at the time and where appropriate are subject to further investigations or information which may become available.

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Where field investigations are carried-out, these have been restricted to a level of detail required to meet the stated objectives of the services. The results of any measurements taken may vary spatially or with time and further confirmatory measurements should be made after any significant delay in issuing this Report.

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Hedon Haven January 2014 Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment East Riding of Yorkshire Council Hedon Haven Evidence Base

Contents

1 Introduction ...... 3 1.1 Land at Hedon Haven ...... 3 1.2 Site Description, Current Land Use and Topography ...... 3 1.3 Proposed Development ...... 4 1.4 Aims and Objectives ...... 4 1.5 Study Area ...... 5 2 Assessment Methodology ...... 6 2.1 Legislative and Policy Context ...... 6 2.2 Significance of Cultural Heritage Assets ...... 6 2.3 Sources of Information ...... 10 3 Baseline Conditions ...... 11 3.1 Introduction ...... 11 3.2 Designated Assets ...... 11 3.3 Previous Archaeological Work ...... 25 4 Summary of Baseline Conditions ...... 26 4.1 Summary of Archaeological Potential within the Site ...... 26 4.2 Summary of Contribution the Site makes to Setting ...... 26 5 Assessment of Significance and Contribution ...... 28 5.1 The Site’s contribution to the setting of Assets in the Study Area ...... 28 6 Summary of Site Contribution to Setting and Assessment of Impact ...... 40 7 Summary of Effects, Mitigation and Residual Effects ...... 50 7.1 Overview ...... 50 7.2 Mitigation ...... 50 8 Draft Allocation Policy ...... 53 9 References ...... 54

Hedon Haven January 2014 Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment East Riding of Yorkshire Council Hedon Haven Evidence Base

Plates Plate 1: View from within the Site (north-eastern tip of HAV2 Hedon Haven South), illustrating the contrast between the built form at Hedon and the surrounding landscape. Plate 2: View to the south-east towards the Site from the southern edge of Hedon Haven Conservation Area and the southern edge of the scheduled monument. The Site is located beyond the treeline. Plate 3: View from the northern edge of Paull Conservation Area looking north-east. Hedon town and St Augustine’s Church are visible on the skyline.

Figures Figure 1: Site Location Figure 2: Designated Heritage Assets (reproduced from Hedon Haven Evidence Base) Figure 3: Non-designated Heritage Assets (reproduced from Hedon Haven Evidence Base) Figure 4: Areas of Site that contribute to the setting of Heritage Assets Composite Figure 5: Areas of Site that contribute to the setting of Heritage Assets Zone A Figure 6: Areas of Site that contribute to the setting of Heritage Assets Zone B Figure 7: Areas of Site that contribute to the setting of Heritage Assets Zone C Figure 8: Areas of Site that contribute to the setting of Heritage Assets Zone D

Hedon Haven January 2014 Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment East Riding of Yorkshire Council Hedon Haven Evidence Base

1 Introduction

1.1 Land at Hedon Haven

1.1.1 A parcel of land to the south of Salt End, adjacent to the Humber Estuary (approximately 80 ha in extent) was allocated for employment uses in the Holderness District Wide Local Plan in 1999 (East Riding of Yorkshire Council, 1999). The East Riding Local Plan Draft Strategy Document Policy S6 proposed to reserve up to 240 ha of land at Hedon Haven to cater for the expansion of the Port of Hull (which includes this parcel of land), and which would be followed by allocation of the land in the Allocations Document.

1.1.2 This impact assessment is produced as part of the evidence base for the emerging Local Plan, and specifically for the HAV1/2 allocation and associated policies. The distinction between land parcels HAV1 and HAV2 at Hedon Haven assists in the description process, but is also notable because HAV1 is already allocated in the Holderness District Wide Local Plan. A baseline cultural heritage study (URS 2012a) and a heritage and landscape parameters study (URS 2012b) have already been prepared as part of the evidence base for the sites, and elements of these reports are summarised within this document.

1.1.3 For the purposes of this report and to ensure a consistent approach to the assessment of impact to heritage assets, HAV1/2 is assessed as a single area and is referred to hereafter as the Site. However to aid descriptions, the HAV2 portion of the proposed allocation is composed of Hedon Haven North and Hedon Haven South. The HAV1 portion of the allocation has been the subject of assessment work in 2012 and 2013 in support of the Paull Local Development Order (LDO) that has since been adopted by East Riding of Yorkshire Council on the same area, and is therefore also known as the Paull site. These references are described in Table 1.1 and illustrated in Figure 1. The LDO is separate and distinct to the proposed allocation considered in this report, and will exist for a fraction of the allocation’s proposed lifespan, however the common geography and recent nature of the LDO means that work undertaken as part of the LDO remains relevant to the proposed allocation.

Table 1.1. – Summary of component areas used in the description of HAV1/2

Allocation Subdivision Components also known as : HAV1 Paull site HAV1/2 Hedon Haven North site HAV2 Hedon Haven South site

1.2 Site Description, Current Land Use and Topography

1.2.1 The site is bordered to the north by Hull Road (A1033), to the west by a British Petroleum Chemical Works and to the east by the Hedon Bypass (A1033) with the town of Hedon immediately beyond. The site is bordered to the south by the Paull to Hedon Road; the River Humber is located to the south-west with the village of Paull beyond. Hedon Haven (also known as Burstwick Drain further upstream) separates Hedon Haven North from Hedon Haven South and the Paull site. These features area shown in Figure 1.

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1.2.2 Land use is predominantly arable and the majority of the land parcels are under crop, apart from the southern area of Hedon Haven North which comprises set aside. The topography is generally flat at 4 m Above Ordnance Datum (AOD) apart from a slight ridge aligned north-west/ south-east through the centre of Hedon Haven South, and the course of Hedon Haven/ Burstwick Drain which is defined on either side by a low bank, rising to a height of approximately 1.5 m above the surrounding farmland.

1.2.3 The solid geology comprises Flamborough Chalk of the Cretaceous period. The soils of the area are classified as the Newchurch 2 Association which is a marine alluvium comprising calcareous clayey soils and also the Landbeach Association which is glaciofluvial sand comprising calcareous course loamy soils over chalky gravel (Brigham et al, 2008).

1.3 Proposed Development

1.3.1 The allocation of up to 240 ha of land to cater for the expansion of the Port of Hull is being considered through the emerging Local Plan. The precise scale and form of any development plans that might be brought forward under the proposed allocation are unknown. No such designs currently exist. Therefore this strategic level assessment is based on a series of assumptions relating to the Site’s capacity and the nature of development reasonably anticipated.

1.3.2 A proportion of this gross total of land area is reasonably anticipated to be required to facilitate development in the remainder, and will therefore not be available for development itself. This includes the provision of ecological mitigation or avoidance areas, the conservation of heritage assets and their settings, attenuation of surface water run-off, providing solutions to transportation issues, preventing coalescence with conurbations, and protection of land adjacent to ditches or flood defence bunds to allow on-going access and maintenance. It has been calculated that a net area of c. 150 ha is likely to remain for development purposes.

1.3.3 Assumptions associated with this net area include that:

• building footprints will not exceed 30% of the area; and • building height will not exceed 22 m above ground level.

1.3.4 It is highlighted that any developments that are subsequently brought forward under the proposed allocation will, or course, be subject to normal planning considerations and the controls associated with them.

1.4 Aims and Objectives

1.4.1 Consultation advice received from English Heritage requested an assessment that:

• identified heritage assets in the area, along with elements which contribute to their significance; • assessed how development of HAV1/2 might impact upon this significance; and • set-out ways in which harm to the significance of these assets might be avoided.

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1.4.2 The aim of this impact assessment is therefore to consider the potential impacts to heritage assets that might arise from the allocation of HAV1/2. In order to achieve this, the report aims to:

• identify heritage assets within a defined study area that might be affected by development; • identify the elements that contribute to the significance of the heritage assets, including their setting and the contribution made by HAV1/2 to this significance; • predict the level of impact resulting from development at HAV1/2 and assess any subsequent harm likely to be experienced by the heritage assets; and • identify appropriate mitigation to reduce the level of harm arising from development at HAV1/2.

1.4.3 The specific layout of development will be determined during the design process of subsequent planning applications, and therefore the precise detail and layout of development across HAV1/2 is unknown at this stage. The impact assessment has therefore assumed a worst case scenario in order to predict all potential impacts to heritage assets.

1.4.4 The worst case scenario considers a development comprising a maximum building height of 22 m across the entire Site. The assessment will therefore be able to identify areas that are more sensitive to development in relation to impacts upon heritage assets.

1.5 Study Area

1.5.1 The study area for the impact assessment accords with the study area used for the cultural heritage baseline (URS 2012a), i.e. 1 km for non-designated assets and 5 km for designated assets. This study area has previously been agreed with Humber Archaeology Partnership and English Heritage.

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2 Assessment Methodology

2.1 Legislative and Policy Context

2.1.1 The following legal frameworks and planning guidance apply:

• The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979; • Town and Country Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act, 1990; and • National Planning Policy Framework, 2012.

2.1.2 The following guidance documents are relevant:

• Planning for the Historic Environment: Practice Guide; and • The Setting of Heritage Assets, English Heritage 2011.

2.2 Significance of Cultural Heritage Assets

Definition of Significance

2.2.1 The term significance is used to describe the value or weight given to a heritage asset and is defined (for heritage policy) in Annex 2 of the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF):

‘Significance is the value of a heritage asset to this and future generations because of its heritage interest. That interest may be archaeological, architectural, artistic or historic. Significance derives not only from a heritage asset’s physical presence, but also from its setting.’

Allocating Levels of Significance

2.2.2 The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 is the central piece of legislation that protects the archaeological resource. The first section of the Act requires the Secretary of State for National Heritage to maintain a schedule of nationally important sites. A set of criteria, defined as survival/ condition, period, rarity, fragility/ vulnerability, diversity, documentation, group value and potential, assist in the decision making process as to whether a site is deemed of national significance and best managed by scheduling.

2.2.3 The significance of heritage assets is determined by professional judgement, and guided by statutory and non-statutory designations, national and local policies, and archaeological research agendas. Paragraph 132 of the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) (Department for Communities and Local Government, 2012) recognises that heritage assets with the highest level of significance comprise Scheduled Monuments, registered battlefields, Grade I and II* listed buildings and registered parks and gardens and World Heritage Sites. At paragraph 139 the NPPF also recognises that non-designated heritage assets of archaeological interest may be of equivalent significance to a scheduled monument, and in such cases are to be considered subject to the policies for designated assets.

2.2.4 Since this report is limited to consideration of heritage issues, it uses the word ‘significance’ as being a measure of a heritage attribute’s value to this and future generations resulting from its

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archaeological, architectural, artistic or historic interest, whether derived from its physical presence or from its setting. The EIA process differs in this respect, and to avoid confusion limits use of the word ‘significance’ to only describe effects. EIA process describes importance or value (‘significance’ in the terminology used in this report) on a relative scale. Table 2.1 summarises the factors used to evaluate the importance/ significance of heritage assets.

Table 2.1: Factors determining the importance/ significance of heritage assets Importance/ Criteria Significance

Assets identified in national policy as being of the highest level of significance notably: Scheduled Monuments, Grade I and Grade II* Listed Buildings, Grade I and Grade II* Registered Parks and Gardens, High Registered battlefields, and remains of inscribed international significance, such as World Heritage Sites. Non-designated heritage assets of archaeological interest that are demonstrably of equivalent significance to scheduled monuments

Grade II listed Buildings. Conservation Areas. Grade II Registered Parks. Moderate Sites of high archaeological resource value as identified through consultation with local authority archaeologist. Historic Townscapes with historic integrity in that the assets that constitute their make-up are clearly legible.

Non-designated buildings, monuments, sites or landscapes that can be shown to have important qualities in their fabric or historical association. Locally important historic or archaeological sites, sites with a local value Low for education or cultural appreciation and of medium archaeological resource rating. Parks and gardens of local interest.

Assets whose values are compromised by poor preservation or survival or of contextual associations to justify inclusion into a higher grade. Negligible The Site of a findspot removed from its place and with no surviving contextual associations.

Setting

2.2.5 English Heritage guidance relevant to this assessment includes The Setting of Heritage Assets (English Heritage 2011). The guidance states that an assessment of the impact of a proposed development should identify whether the development would be acceptable in terms of the degree of harm to an asset’s setting. This can be identified by using a broad 5-step approach that identifies: (1) which assets and settings are affected; (2) how and to what degree these settings make a contribution to the significance of the heritage asset; (3) assess the effects of the proposed development; (4) explore ways to minimise harm and maximise enhancement; and (5) how to document the decision and monitor outcomes.

2.2.6 There are a number of factors to consider when determining how, and to what degree an asset’s setting contributes to its significance. These factors include an appraisal of the asset’s physical surroundings, such as topography, layout, land use and history, to the experience of

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the asset which includes views to and from including intervisibility with other assets, the wider landscape character, visual dominance of the asset, or the sense of place. Other factors of setting that can contribute to significance embrace attributes such as a level of historical or cultural association with other assets and local social and cultural traditions.

2.2.7 As such, setting is understood to embrace all of the surroundings from which the heritage asset can be experienced, and does not have a fixed boundary. Views to and from an asset will play an important part in the way that the asset is experienced, but other factors such as the character of the view, screening and cumulative impacts of existing structures within the view need to be taken into consideration. This separates the concept of ‘setting’ from that of the ‘view’; and therefore the perception or understanding of an asset or its context can still be appreciated despite changes within its view.

Assessing Impact

2.2.8 The term ‘impact’ is used to refer to changes or perturbations arising from the proposed development e.g. loss of heritage asset or changes affecting an asset’s setting. The effect experienced by a heritage asset as a consequence of an impact can be assessed as being beneficial or adverse. In this way, the same impact may result in a beneficial effect from the perspective of one asset, and an adverse effect from the perspective of another.

2.2.9 A heritage asset might be affected by direct physical impact, including destruction, demolition and alteration, but may also be affected by changes to its setting. This could include changes to the historic character of an area, or alterations to views to and from a site which can give rise to an adverse effect on the asset’s setting. Factors for measuring the magnitude of a potential impact are described in Table 2.2.

Table 2.2: Factors for measuring the magnitude of impact

Magnitude of Impact Description of Impact

The significance of the asset is totally altered or destroyed. Comprehensive change to setting affecting significance, resulting in High changes in our ability to understand and appreciate the resource and its historical context and setting. The significance of the asset is affected. Changes such that the setting of the asset is noticeably different, affecting significance resulting in changes Medium in our ability to understand and appreciate the resource and its historical context and setting. The significance of the asset is slightly affected. Changes to the setting that have a slight impact on significance, resulting in changes in our ability Low to understand and appreciate the resource and its historical context and setting. Changes to the asset that hardly affect significance. Changes to the setting of an asset that have little effect on significance and no real Minimal change in our ability to understand and appreciate the resource and its historical context and setting. The development does not affect the significance of the asset. Changes No change to the setting do not affect the significance of the asset or our appreciation of it.

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Significance of Effect

2.2.10 The significance of effect is determined by combining the significance of the heritage asset and the magnitude of impact. The significance of effect takes into account embedded mitigation measures that have been incorporated into the scheme as part of the design development process.

Table 2.3: Factors for measuring the significance of effect

Magnitude of Impact Significance of Asset High Medium Low Minimal No Change

High Major Major Moderate Minor Neutral

Moderate Major Moderate Minor Minor Neutral

Low Moderate Minor Minor Minor Neutral

Negligible Minor Minor Minor Minor Neutral

Significance of Residual Effect

2.2.11 In EIA terms a significant effect is classed as anything moderate and above, and additional mitigation may be considered in order to avoid, reduce or, where appropriate, offset the level of effect. Re-assessing effects following the implementation of suitable mitigation strategy allows the residual effect of a proposed development to be determined.

Table 2.4: Factors for measuring the residual effect

Residual Effect Definition

Negative residual effect that would be an important consideration at Major Adverse a national level.

Negative residual effect that would be an important consideration at Moderate Adverse a regional or county level.

Negative residual effect that would be a relevant consideration in a Minor Adverse local context.

Residual effect that is nil, imperceptible or not relevant in a local Neutral context.

Positive residual effect that would be a relevant consideration in a Minor Beneficial local context.

Positive residual effect that would be an important consideration at a Moderate Beneficial regional or county level.

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Residual Effect Definition

Positive residual effect that would be an important consideration at a Major Beneficial national level.

Assessing Level of Harm arising from Impact

2.2.12 Within the NPPF, impacts are considered in terms of their causing ‘substantial’ or ‘less than substantial’ harm. There is a presumption against granting consent if the harm to significance is substantial, or there is a total loss to significance (Paragraph 133). Where impacts are less than substantial, the harm should be weighed against the public benefits of the proposed development (Paragraph 134).

2.2.13 The NPPF does not quantify or provide an explanation of what constitutes ‘substantial’ or ‘less than substantial’ harm. A judgement of whether an impact causes ‘substantial harm’ is based on what constitutes the significance of the asset, including its setting, and how this is affected. Draft NPPF practice guidance published for testing and comment states that the scale of proposed works is not necessarily determinative of whether any harm caused is substantial or less than substantial, and substantial harm is likely to be caused by an impact that affects key elements which contribute to the significance of an asset and ‘goes to the heart of why the place is worthy of designation’. However local planning authorities are only expected to consider guidance that is in effect when plans are prepare or decisions taken, and consequently the weight of any material consideration associated with this draft guidance is for the decision taker to determine.

2.3 Sources of Information

2.3.1 The collation of baseline information used in this assessment has been carried-out in accordance with the published Standard and Guidance for Desk-based Assessment (IfA, 2012) and the Code of Conduct (IfA, 2013) of the Institute for Archaeologists. In summary the work has involved:

• the collation of data on designated and non-designated assets held by the Humber Sites and Monuments Record; • the collation of data on designated assets held on the National Heritage for England List; • the collation of data on locally listed buildings and Conservation Areas from Hull City Council and the East Riding of Yorkshire Council; • a review of existing baseline studies and field survey reports relevant to the site; and • a site walkover survey.

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3 Baseline Conditions

3.1 Introduction

3.1.1 Details of a site walkover and photographic record undertaken during July 2012 as part of the baseline study are recorded in the cultural heritage baseline (URS 2012a). The walkover survey made an assessment of the setting of heritage assets in the study area and the contribution that parts of the Site make to this setting.

3.1.2 The contribution of the Site to the setting of assets is determined by archaeological and historical associations as well as key views of historical significance and relevance as well as third viewpoints which were recorded during the site visit, i.e. viewpoints from where the asset can be understood and appreciated. The zones of the Site that contribute to the setting and significance of heritage assets are illustrated on Figure 4.

3.2 Designated Assets

Scheduled Monuments

3.2.2 There are nine Scheduled Monuments (inclusive of three locations of World War II decoy sites) within the 5 km study area listed below and illustrated on Figure 2 of the cultural heritage baseline. A site visit to each monument assessed the current setting of the asset and identified key views and intervisibility with related assets. The site visit also noted the contribution the Site made to the setting of each asset.

1008048 Old Little Humber moated site

3.2.3 The immediate setting of the asset is defined by the extent of the ditch which defines its outer circuit. Its wider setting is characterised by its position within a remnant medieval landscape. The monument is screened to the north and west by dense vegetation (trees and hedgerow) and to the south by farm buildings. There is no intervisibility with other monuments. The cooling towers associated with the chemical works west of the site are visible from Thorn Marsh Road.

3.2.4 The setting of the moated site is contained and the Site does not form part of the setting of the asset.

1003467 Burstwick Castle

3.2.5 The immediate setting of the Castle, or Burstwick Hall Garth, is characterised by the extent of visible and buried earthworks, comprising the platform and moated enclosure which defines its extent. The wider setting is dominated by the agricultural landscape which historically fell within the manor of Burstwick, and the farm buildings to the south and south-west of the monument. From the monument there are long range landscape views to the north and east, but views to the west and south are screened by existing vegetation and farm buildings.

3.2.6 The setting of the former manor house is defined by the extent of surviving earthworks and by the agricultural landscape surrounding the asset. The Site does not form part of the setting of the asset.

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1003779 Hedon Medieval Town

3.2.7 The setting is defined by the historic core of the town, which is centred on the market place and principally by its defensive circuit. Key views within the monument are influenced by the principal north-south and east-west routes through the town. There are no views of the site from within the monument; views from the southern edge of the monument, from within Hedon Haven Conservation Area, have clear views towards the Site (refer to Plate 2 below).

3.2.8 Hedon is clearly visible from Paull and from the road which runs from Paull to Hedon along the southern edge of the Site due to the contrast between the settlement and the low-lying nature of the intervening landscape. Zone A (Figure 4) contributes to the characteristic low-lying agricultural landscape of Holderness that helps define Hedon as a separate settlement by creating open space between the town and other settlements (Plate 1).

Plate 1: View from within the Site (north-eastern tip of HAV2 Hedon Haven South), illustrating the contrast between the built form at Hedon and the surrounding landscape.

3.2.9 Views from the north can clearly discern Hedon as a separate settlement area with low-lying agricultural land to the east and west. The agricultural land to the west of Hedon helps maintain this separation by creating clear space between the town and the chemical works at Salt End. The parcel of land immediately south of Hull Road and extending south to Hedon Haven is assessed as contributing to the perception of Hedon as a defined settlement area in views from the north (Figure 4, Zone C).

3.2.10 Hedon Haven/ Burstwick Drain runs through the Site. Hedon Town is a former port, and was once connected to the River Humber via the Hedon Haven, which was navigable during the medieval period. Hedon Haven is linked to Hedon’s rapid development during the medieval period and its physical presence, along with associated silted-up wharfs, harbours and

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watercourses are a key factor in the scheduling of the town. Zone D (see Figure 4) illustrates the current and former course of Hedon Haven within the Site. This physical connectivity forms part of the wider setting of the town, provides context for understanding the origins of the town and therefore contributes to the town’s significance.

1008047 Moated site at North Park Farm

3.2.11 The immediate setting is dominated by the copse of trees which the monument sits within. Long range views out of the site are not possible. The wider setting is characterised by the monument’s position within a medieval agricultural landscape.

3.2.12 The setting of the asset is contained and the Site does not form part of the setting of the asset.

1007875 Paull Holme moated site and tower

3.2.13 Setting is defined by its elevated position within a low-lying medieval landscape and by the extent of earthworks associated with moated enclosure encircling a raised building platform. Setting is also characterised by spatial relationship to medieval cropmarks associated with former manor. The monument is screened on all sides by dense mature tree lines which preclude long-range views towards the Site.

3.2.14 The immediate setting of the asset is defined by outer circuit of moated enclosure and by the spatial and visual relationship with remnant medieval in immediate vicinity. Site does not form part of the setting of the asset.

1007849 Swan Hill motte

3.2.15 Immediate setting of the monument is defined by the circular landform within a circular copse of trees and hedgerow. Wider setting is defined by its position within a medieval landscape. There are intermittent views of chimneys associated with the chemical works to the west of the Site.

3.2.16 The setting of the asset is contained and the Site does not form part of the setting of the asset.

1020022 World War II decoys for Hull docks, 1,580 m south east, 600 m west and 90 m south west of Little Humber

3.2.17 The sites of the decoys at Little Humber Farm, Paull Holme Sands and Foulholme Sands were not accessed. The setting of these monuments is defined by their strategic coastal positions, and by their spatial links with each other and with other defensive installations to the north-west at Paull and to the south-east at Sunk Island.

3.2.18 The setting of these assets is defined primarily with their strategic location as defensive coastal structures. The Site does not form part of the setting of the asset.

1020425 Paull Point Battery, coastal artillery battery and Submarine Mining Establishment

3.2.19 The immediate setting of Paull Battery is defined primarily by its outer fortified circuit. The monument’s wider setting is defined by its strategic position and long-range views across the Estuary.

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3.2.20 The wider setting of the asset is defined by its strategic position as a defensive coastal feature. The Site does not form part of the setting of the asset.

1015313 Ravenspurn cross

3.2.21 The cross is not in its original position. Its historical significance relates to its historical association as a focal point for the community; a place for preaching, proclamation and trade. Its current setting is defined by its position in the centre of Hedon.

3.2.22 The setting of the asset is contained and relevant to its position within Hedon. The Site does not form part of the asset’s setting.

Conservation Areas

3.2.23 Both listed buildings and conservation areas have been identified within the 5 km survey area. Within 1 km of the site, those structures identified as being of local interest on the Humber Historic Environment Record have been identified and assessed. The aim of this assessment was to identify any important structures or their settings which may be impacted by development at the Site.

3.2.24 Conservation Areas are designated to protect and enhance their special architectural and/ or historic interest. This protection encompasses both the designated area and key views into and out of the boundaries. The significance of a conservation area can be enhanced by the listed buildings it encompasses. As such, the contribution these make to the special interest of the area is an important consideration. In addition, the setting of a listed building can often be defined by its position within the designated area, as part of an historic streetscape, or associated with an important open space. In order fully to understand this relationship, the listed buildings are described as part of the discussion of the conservation area. A full inventory of listed buildings is provided in Appendix B of the baseline cultural heritage study (URS 2012a).

3.2.25 Eight conservation areas are within the study area and are considered below.

Hedon Conservation Area

3.2.26 The Hedon Conservation Area encompasses the historic core of the village, centred on the medieval market place. Souttergate, running north-south through the town represents the historic route through the town, continuing along Sherriff Highway to the south. The historic development of Hedon is reflected in the abundance of listed buildings within the conservation area, including one Grade I, five Grade II* and 75 Grade II.

3.2.27 The high number of listed buildings creates an interesting streetscape with 18th and 19th century dwellings and shopfronts with little modern infill. The buildings are predominantly of two storeys and constructed from brick, rendered to add variety, and tile roofs. The varying dates have given rise to an undulating roofscape, broken only by the Church of St Augustine (discussed separately). The continuous building line directs views along the main thoroughfares. These continue beyond the conservation area boundaries and, while the area opens up to the northwest, this sense of containment characterises the setting of the designated area.

3.2.28 The character and setting of the conservation area is inward looking and contained, although there are views from the northern edge of the area looking north towards Preston. The development of the town, its former commercial success, and the quality of its architecture are

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linked with the town’s history as a trading port. Hedon Haven, part of which is located within the Site (refer to Figure 4, Zone D) contributes to the wider setting of the conservation area and helps place the town’s origins in context.

Hedon Haven Conservation Area

3.2.29 The southern extent of Hedon is designated as a separate conservation area in recognition of its distinct historic development as a harbour. The area developed in the 12th century as the main port for Holderness, becoming quickly superseded by the port at neighbouring Hull and finally falling redundant in the 20th century as a result of continued silting. This historic interest continues to dominate the designated area with large areas of green space following the Burstwick Drain which runs east-west and the Far Bank continuing north to New Road.

3.2.30 The built form of the area is limited, resulting from development in the 18th and 19th centuries. This includes five listed buildings (1083513, 1083538, 1161241, 1346561 and 1346593) all of modest vernacular quality. This reflects the rural quality of the site and its setting which remains despite the proximity of the main town.

3.2.31 Views towards the Site from within the southern edge of the conservation area contribute to an edge of settlement sense of place, and as such the Site does contribute to the character of the conservation area (Plate 2).

Plate 2: View to the south-east towards the Site from the southern edge of Hedon Haven Conservation Area and the southern edge of the scheduled monument. The Site is located beyond the treeline.

3.2.32 Sections of the infilled Hedon Haven within the conservation area contribute to the historic character. Views of the Haven beyond the conservation area are restricted by the A1033, but

Hedon Haven January 2014 Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment 15 East Riding of Yorkshire Council Hedon Haven Evidence Base

the spatial and physical relationship between the town and the course of the Haven within the Site remains. Hedon’s development and wealth during the medieval period is linked with its history as a trading port and therefore Hedon Haven is a key factor in the significance of the town. Figure 4 illustrates the current and former course of the Hedon Haven within the Site (Zone D), and this physical connectivity and historical association contributes to the significance of the town and therefore the conservation area.

Paull Conservation Area

3.2.33 Paull lies to the south-east of the site. The town was developed in conjunction with the estuarine industries, but owes much of its character to its military establishment. The village has expanded through the mid- to late 20th century with the settlement extending inland; however, the conservation area boundary is restricted to the river frontage, extending south to encompass the battery. The conservation area includes nine listed buildings, with an additional eleven structures noted as being of local interest.

3.2.34 The conservation area boundary includes a small built up area, i.e. Main Street, before extending south to include the Battery. Both form distinct character areas, with the hard landscaping of the village contrasting with the natural environment surrounding the Battery. Within the town the area is characterised by continuous frontages of two-storey buildings which provide a varied streetscape of building mass and materials. The high density of buildings creates an enclosed character with little appreciation of the estuarine location. The southern extent, in contrast, owes much of its interest to its location, marked by the Old Lighthouse to the north (Grade II; 1161583) and Paull Point Battery to the south (Grade II; 1161659). From this area there are clear views across the Humber and of North East Lincolnshire.

3.2.35 The views north and north-east towards the Site from the edge of Paull, contribute to the sense of openness at the edge of the settlement, and maintain the settlement’s link with the wider agricultural landscape. Views of the settlement at Hedon and the tower of St Augustine’s Church are also clear from the edge of Paull (Plate 3).

3.2.36 It is assessed that the Site does contribute to the setting of the conservation area by emphasising the edge of settlement and by characterising the agricultural character of the landscape between settlements.

Hedon Haven January 2014 Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment 16 East Riding of Yorkshire Council Hedon Haven Evidence Base

St Augustine’s Church in Hedon

Plate 3: View from the northern edge of Paull looking north-east. Hedon town and St Augustine’s Church are visible on the skyline.

Preston Conservation Area

3.2.37 Preston is a large village located to the north of Hedon. The conservation area encompasses the historic core of the village, following Main Street, with later development extending to the south-east. Situated at the centre of the village and creating a focal point is the Grade I listed Church of All Saints (1083438). The built form of the village is characterised by two-storey red brick dwellings fronting directly onto the street. Although of historic interest, the majority of buildings have undergone unsympathetic alteration which diminishes their architectural value.

3.2.38 The interest of the conservation area lies in the historic development of the village as an important crossroads. This significance extends beyond the designated area, particularly to the west with the Staithes Road running to the industrial area at Salt End. This wider agricultural landscape provides the setting for the conservation area with the village itself slightly elevated from the surrounding fields. This allows good views across to the urban landscape of Hull and the industrial skyline created by the Salt End towers, while also raising the visual profile of the church.

3.2.39 There are views across the agricultural landscape to the south-west of Preston which contribute to the wider setting, but views of the Site are precluded by the intervention of the A1033 Hull Road. Beyond this point the skyline is dominated by the Chemical Works at Salt End and the Site does not therefore contribute to the wider setting of the conservation area.

Hedon Haven January 2014 Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment 17 East Riding of Yorkshire Council Hedon Haven Evidence Base

Wyton Conservation Area

3.2.40 Wyton Conservation Area lies to the north of the survey area. The area has been designated to highlight its agricultural interest, being established by the yeoman farmers of the 19th century. A number of these farmhouses survive as substantial detached buildings, including seven listed buildings (1083531, 1083532, 1161503, 1161514, 1310064, 1310075, 1346588). However, it is the open greenspace that characterises the special interest of the conservation area. This is reinforced by the large gardens associated with the properties with mature vegetation and trees creating a pleasant rural character. The conservation area encompasses the historic settlement aligned along Main Road, surrounded by open agricultural fields.

3.2.41 The wider setting of the conservation area, which contributes to its significance, is characterised by the agricultural landscape and farmsteads surrounding the village. The Site is 4.3 km from the conservation area and does not contribute to its setting.

Marfleet Conservation Area

3.2.42 The Marfleet Conservation Area lies within the boundary of Hull City. Despite its urban location, the designated area retains its rural character, reflecting its development as a farming settlement. This is highlighted by the dominance of greenspace and mature vegetation. The focus of the area is the Grade II listed Church of St Giles (1297039) and associated churchyard walls (Grade II; 1208236). The remaining built form is characterised by detached brick buildings, including the Grange, which remains as evidence of the former agricultural hamlet.

3.2.43 Beyond the conservation area boundaries, the industrial expansion of Hull is dominant with large industrial sheds and extensive areas of hard standing. This emphasises the isolation of Marfleet as an agricultural settlement and restricts the influence of the conservation area.

3.2.44 The setting of the conservation area is contained within its boundaries and the Site does not contribute to the setting of this asset.

Broadway Conservation Area

3.2.45 Broadway Conservation Area lies within Hull’s suburban sprawl to the north-east of the city centre. The conservation area encompasses a small estate of 80 dwellings created as a garden village by the British Oil and Cake Mills Company after World War I. The area is characterised by its planned street layout with uniform houses set within private gardens. This creates a uniform appearance, despite incremental changes, distinguishing the designated area from the more informal residential development surrounding it.

3.2.46 The character of the conservation area is urban residential and links to the wider agricultural landscape beyond the city of Hull do not contribute to its character. The Site does not therefore contribute to the setting of this asset.

Holderness Road (East) Conservation Area

3.2.47 The Holderness Road (East) Conservation Area follows one of the principle routes into Hull, both historically and as part of the modern city. It is this historic interest that has resulted in its designation with the roads representing the main access route to South Holderness until 1830. The area includes six listed buildings, five of which lie within the survey area (1197717, 1197755, 1209865, 1209885, 1283110) and East Park, a registered park and garden.

Hedon Haven January 2014 Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment 18 East Riding of Yorkshire Council Hedon Haven Evidence Base

3.2.48 The character and appearance of the conservation area is defined by late Victorian and Edwardian houses built for the middle classes. These create pleasant streetscapes of detached villas and short terraces set within leafy side streets and provide a contrast with the commercial and industrial landscape which surrounds the area. The agricultural landscape to the east of Hull does not contribute to the character or significance of the conservation area and as such the Site does not contribute to the setting of the asset.

Listed Buildings

3.2.49 A total of 145 listed buildings have been identified within the 5 km survey area, including five Grade I and six Grade II*. Overall, 103 of these lie within a conservation area and have been discussed above. The remaining listed buildings represent a combination of isolated farmhouses, industrial structures and street furniture. A full list of structures can be found in Appendix B and are shown in Figures 2 and 2A of the Hedon Haven Baseline Cultural Heritage Study (2012a).

3.2.50 The western extent of the survey area falls within the urban core of Hull (1197661, 1197662, 1197717, 1197740, 1197741, 1197755, 1208236, 1209865, 1209885, 1209950, 1283083, 1283110, 1297039, 1391751). As such, the relative significance of the majority of these structures lies in their urban context. One notable group is that at Alexandra Dock, which includes the dock walls themselves (1197739), alongside the listed pumping station (1197738), engine house (1283081), 100 ton steam crane (1283082) and sluice gates (1390919). This group lies on the Estuary providing an important function for trade and industry for the city, both historically and today. The docks characterise the Humber along this stretch of the Estuary with the tall cranes providing a visual focus which extends across George’s Dock and Salt End.

3.2.51 Also focussed on the Estuary are the listed lighthouses at Paull. The Grade II listed Old Lighthouse (1161853) is within the conservation area discussed above; however, a further two examples are situated outside the boundary, to the south of the village (1309912, 1083435). The significance of these structures lies in their relationship to the estuary with their function defined by their visual presence on the foreshore, and therefore the Site does not contribute to their setting.

3.2.52 Away from the Estuary the topography of the Holderness area is low-lying and level. As a result any tall structure becomes visually dominant. This characteristic was harnessed in the post-medieval period with the construction of churches with tall spires and towers. A total of seven listed churches lie within the survey area, within the settlements of Hull (1297039), Burstwick (1366240), Thorngumbald (1083443) and Bilton (1161454). However, it is the churches at Hedon (1346568), Paull (1083434) and Preston (1083438) which have the widest visual influence within the context of this report. The Grade I listed Church of St Augustine at Hedon represents an important ecclesiastical structure of 13th century origins; however, it is the 15th century tower that makes it an important structure within the wider landscape. The church is situated on a slight rise within the village and can be seen over large distances (Plate 3). Views of St Augustine’s also take in those of the Grade I listed Church of All Saints with its 15th century tower which stands above the roofscape of Preston. Completing the group is the Grade I listed Church of St Andrew, which stands outside the village of Paull, situated on the banks of the Humber. The church itself is less visible within the landscape due to its lower tower; however, its isolated position makes it visible from the surrounding open countryside and the church experiences clear views across to Hedon and Preston.

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3.2.53 The setting of ecclesiastical structures is defined primarily by their position as a focal point for a community and their intervisibility with each other, and the Site contributes to the visibility of the churches of St Augustine and St Andrew especially by being part of the low-lying agricultural land which helps define their vertical dominance. There is a corridor of intervisibility between the churches which is an important component of their setting, but the site visit also recorded the location of third viewpoints which also contributes to the setting of both structures. At various points along the A1033 carriageway, the dominance of both heritage assets within the landscape can be appreciated without interruption from intervening settlement or development. The extent of this visual envelope is illustrated as Zone B on Figure 4 and shows clearly which parts of the Site contribute to this aspect of the churches’ setting.

3.2.54 Much of the remaining listed building resource can be characterised by isolated farmsteads of the 18th and 19th century (1083439, 1083440, 1161780, 1162081, 1309848, 1309855, 1083437, 1346587, 1083433, 1161629, 1162066, 1366241, 1366241). These reflect the historic development of the area as fertile agricultural land. As such, the setting of these structures is defined by their surrounding agricultural landscape, although a number have been absorbed within expanding settlements, as at Burstwick House (1083431) and Abbey House (1083436). None of the buildings identified lie within the sphere of influence of the Site and as such the Site does not contribute to their setting.

3.2.55 The remaining listed structures represent items of street furniture, including three milestones (1162021, 1162045, 1083441). The significance of these structures and their setting is defined by their spatial relationship with the road. The Site does not contribute to the setting of these assets.

Non-Designated Assets

3.2.56 203 non-designated heritage assets, including findspots, known archaeological areas and sites of former structures have been identified within a 1 km search radius of the site. These assets are fully referenced and discussed in detail in the baseline report (URS 2012a). The location of the assets is illustrated on Figure 3.

3.2.57 Fourteen of the non-designated assets are located within the Site and are listed in Table 3.1 below.

3.2.58 Another heritage asset, a pillbox not included in the Humber Sites and Monuments Record, was noted during the walkover survey.

Table 3.1: Non-designated assets within the site

Asset ID Asset Type Period Description

Lower Palaeolithic Fieldwalking finds, south of Hedon MHU18467 Findspot to Modern Haven, 1991 MHU7260 Findspot Neolithic Polished stone axe Leper hospital, St Mary Magdalene’s leper hospital MHU2672 Roman to Medieval almshouse, moat & moat, west of Newton Garth MHU211 Bridge Medieval Site of St Michael’s Bridge

MHU4715 Mint Medieval Site of Norman mint

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Asset ID Asset Type Period Description

Demesne manorial site, Newton MHU2671 Settlement Medieval Garth Medieval to Post- MHU20010 Findspot Rose Hill, metal detected finds medieval MHU11812 Farm Post-medieval Site of Pollard Farm, Salt End

MHU11820 Brickworks Post-medieval Site of brick and tile yard

MHU15392 Findspot Post-medieval Hull leadworks copper penny

MHU14624 Brickworks Post-medieval Site of brickworks, Newton Garth

MHU11818 Swing bridge Post-medieval Site of swing bridge, Hedon Haven

MHU11819 Barn Post-medieval Site of far barn Barrage balloon MHU19129 Modern Barrage balloon site site - Pillbox Modern Pillbox to the east of Paull Rd

Palaeolithic to Bronze Age

3.2.59 A Neolithic polished stone axe has been recovered from within the site (MHU7260) and finds recovered during fieldwalking included Palaeolithic flints (MHU18467) from the north-western area of the Paull site. Other than these events there are few known assets within the site or the wider study area. The site is located within a flat, low-lying landscape with high points at Boreas Hill, High Paull and Paull Holme. The soils of the flat low-lying areas comprise estuarine alluvium which would have accumulated during the rapid rise in sea level between c. 8000 and 1830 cal BC (c. 7000-3500 BP) (Van de Noort and Ellis, 1995). It is likely that the inundation would have left many low-lying areas within the study area uninhabitable, however the high points are likely to have been a focus for settlement and from here the low lying areas would have been exploited for their natural resources.

Iron Age to Roman

3.2.60 A combination of lower relative sea-level and the accumulation of alluvium led to the development of extensive intertidal mud-flats in parts of southern Holderness. Salt marsh development would have resulted in the estuarine mud-flats to the north of Paull becoming increasingly beyond normal tidal range, and by the first few centuries AD they may have provided a relatively hospitable surface (Van de Noort and Ellis, 1995).

3.2.61 The evidence for Iron Age and Roman activity within the study area is concentrated around the areas of higher ground and towards Hedon. To the south and south-west of Rose Hill there are a series of undated cropmarks (MHU17475 and MHU17480), which suggest a settlement pattern of Iron Age or potentially earlier date.

3.2.62 In the course of laying a pipeline, Iron Age pits and ditches were recorded to the north of Boreas Hill (ERM 2008). Finds included burnt daub, animal bones, a corroded iron object and pottery sherds. Waterlogged layers were also recorded and it is suggested that the core of the site is located in the area of the current Boreas Hill Farm (MHU8764). Oxford Archaeology

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North excavated a series of sites in advance of a pipeline from Easington to Paull (OA North, 2010). The report was not available from the Humber Sites and Monuments Record but it is understood that Iron Age features were recorded to the south-east of Dark Lane approximately 2 km south-east of the site (OA North pers comm.).

3.2.63 An archaeological watching brief at Market Hill in Hedon identified a ditch containing 2nd to 3rd century pottery sherds which suggests settlement related activity in the area (NAA, 2005). Roman pottery sherds have also been identified at Salt End (MHU1568). Other finds relating to this period comprise coin findspots, including a coin hoard at Market Hill in Hedon (MHU 223) suggesting a level of Roman occupation within the area of Hedon.

3.2.64 The distribution pattern of finds and sites suggest the area of higher ground to the south of the site, extending from the Estuary to Boreas Hill and to the north of Rose Hill was a focal point for activity, and may have seen use from the early prehistoric period continuing into the later prehistoric and Roman periods.

Early Medieval to Medieval

3.2.65 From the 10th century AD there was a major effort to reclaim the salt marsh via embankment and drainage (Van de Noort and Ellis 1995), which is likely to have encouraged settlement growth. The name Hedon possibly derives from the Old English Haer Dun meaning ‘uncultivated or heath covered high ground’ (Mills, 1998), but the name may also derive from ‘hæd’, meaning simply ‘uncultivated land’ (Smith, 1937).

3.2.66 The medieval town of Hedon is designated a Scheduled Monument (MHU9655) (Mon. 1003779) and was founded by the Counts of Aumale in the 12th century as a port to serve Holderness, and in 1138 William-le-Gros, the Lord of Holderness, granted a "toft of land" in the town of Hedon to the hospital of St Leonard in York (Allison, 1984). William-le-Gros lived in a fortified manor at Burstwick, and established that Hedon, lying at the head of a navigable waterway leading to the Humber, would be an ideal site to create a port to serve his Seigniory of Holderness. The port was subsequently built and prospered so rapidly that by 1160 Hedon had been granted a Charter by Henry II, giving the Burgesses of Hedon many privileges equal to those granted to York and Lincoln and establishing the significance of Hedon as a port.

3.2.67 The exact location of the medieval Haven is unknown but it is thought to have been located along the southern edge of Hedon and evidence for a re-used palaeochannel (to create a navigation channel) has been recorded to the west of Sheriff Highway Bridge to the east of the site (NAA, 2000). These excavations identified a steep channel, approximately 8 m wide, cutting through earlier alluvium; large granite blocks were placed along the top of the southern edge of the channel presumably to prevent erosion of the sides. This channel was interpreted as the medieval Haven (MHU178) which was superseded by the later post-medieval haven (NAA, 2005).

3.2.68 The village of ‘Pagele’, or ‘Paghel’, is recorded in Domesday, and the Nomina Villarum (1315- 16) records the village as ‘Pawel’. In Low German there is a series of words including pagil ‘a little peg’ and pegel ‘a stake’ (Smith, 1937) and in Old English ‘pagol’ means ‘(place at) the stake’ which, as Paull is on the banks of the Humber, possibly refers to a stake marking a landing (Mills, 1998). Thorngumbald is first recorded as Torne in Domesday and then as Thoren Gumbaud in 1297, deriving from Old English thorn and meaning ‘place at the thorn-tree’ (Mills, 1998). The manorial addition derives from the family of Thomas de Gumbaud (Smith, 1937).

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3.2.69 Medieval activity is once again present around the areas of higher ground, for example at the scheduled monument of Paull Holme (Mon.1007875) where a tower, chapel, church and shrunken medieval village are present approximately 2 km south of the site (Brigham et al, 2008); however, there is also documented activity in some of the low-lying areas.

3.2.70 Newton Garth, which is located in the southern part of Hedon Haven South, is the site of a manorial site (MHU2671). The site of St Mary Magdalene Leper Hospital (MHU2672), founded by William Le Gros in 1162 is located to the west of Newton Garth. Medieval and post- medieval finds recovered from the vicinity of Newton Garth (MHU20010) are probably related to the manorial complex, but may also have derived from manuring. Cropmarks associated with ridge and furrow cultivation have been identified in the fields east of Paull and to the south of the site (MHU10234).

Post-Medieval to Modern

3.2.71 An important impact upon the character of the area during this period would have been the construction of fortifications at Paull. As part of Henry VIII's fortifications of Hull, a battery for 12 guns was constructed at Paull in 1542 and a century later Charles I established a battery of guns on the high ground to the south of Paull village in an attempt to prevent Hull from being supplied by sea. This original battery and nearby church were destroyed by Parliamentarian ships and a new battery, Paull Cliff Battery, was erected during the Napoleonic wars in 1807 and dismantled sometime after 1815. This strategic vantage point was soon utilised again and the battery and defences which currently stand at the site were built in 1861-4, following the decommissioning of Hull Citadel. Paull Point Battery is designated a Scheduled Monument (Mon.1020425) and was manned during exercises and times of war and even after its defensive role was replaced by Sunk Island in the early 20th century it was used as the headquarters for the Humber Fire Command between the World Wars.

3.2.72 Settlement continued to expand in the areas of Paull Holme, Paull and Hedon and brought with it a growth in the construction of windmills and farms, including the site of Pollard Farm in the centre (west) of Hedon Haven North (MHU11812), and the site of Far Barn within the eastern part of the Paull site (MHU11819); but there was also a notable shift away from the agriculture dominated past. Several brickworks were established to facilitate the population growth in the larger towns including one located in the southern tip of the Paull site (MHU11820), which is illustrated on the first edition OS map of 1855, and another located at Newton Garth in the southern area of Hedon Haven South (MHU14624).

3.2.73 The Paull site is shown on the first edition OS map to comprise an area of pasture across the south-western tip surrounded by a series of small strip fields aligned north-east to south-west and north to south. The field boundaries follow the alignment of drains that have been cut across the landscape. The site of a swing bridge (MHU11818) and Swing Bridge House is located adjacent to the course of the Hedon Haven, which cuts sharply into the northern tip of the site. This section of the site remains unchanged until the OS map dated 1971, which shows that the section of the Haven that previously cut sharply into the northern section of the site has been re-cut and straightened and now defines the northern edge of the Paull site.

3.2.74 The first edition OS map of 1855 shows a footpath in the south-eastern corner of Hedon Haven South which leads from the north-east towards Newton Garth which is set amidst a small copse of trees. The landscape to the north, across the Hedon Haven South site comprises small rectangular and strip fields with no obvious sign of a formal drainage system. To the north, Reedmere Sewer is shown in the northern section of Hedon Haven North as a meandering

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water course prior to it being canalised by 1891. There are relatively few changes to these areas apart from the canalisation of Reedmere Sewer by 1891, the cutting of additional north- south aligned drainage across Hedon Haven South and the loss of the footpath leading to Newton Garth by the mid-1960s.

3.2.75 The current landscape within and around the site is predominantly a product of post-18th century processes including artificial drainage and reclamation of areas adjacent to the Estuary which has resulted in the accumulation of warp deposits. During the 18th century attempts were made to revitalise the Hedon Haven under the Hedon Haven Act 1774, since the Haven was neglected and heavily silted up at this time. Various re-cutting and diversion exercises were implemented; however, the full plans, which included the construction of locks, never materialised and as more trade favoured the ports at Hull, so Hedon Haven was allowed to decline once more (NAA 2005).

World War II

3.2.76 Extensive remains of World War II (WWII) structures are associated with Paull Battery, which contains many military buildings and bunkers, observation posts with long-range views over the Estuary and south towards North Lincolnshire, anti-aircraft guns and their associated search lights along with transmitter stations and communication masts. Paull Battery was the site of a degaussing unit (degaussing is a process which eliminates magnetic field) for trying to lower the magnetic signal of shipping to reduce the possibility of setting-off magnetic mines.

3.2.77 To the south-east of the site are various WWII defensive installations including decoy sites at Little Humber Farm, Paull Holme sands and along the edge of the Estuary at Foulholme Sands (Mon.1020022), which were designed to draw enemy fire away from their intended points of attack, the dockyards of Hull.

3.2.78 The remains of various other WWII structures including pillboxes (MHU19125 and MHU19126) and anti-aircraft battery sites (MHU18841) are present around Paull to the south of the site. Within the site, in the southern part of Paull site, is the former location of a barrage balloon site (MHU19129) which has likely been removed or ploughed out. The site walkover noted the presence of a pillbox located at the edge of a copse of trees approximately 10 m east of the site of Pollard Farm (MHU11812). The pillbox has an outer shell constructed of brick; the internal space or thickness of the walls could not be assessed.

Non-designated Historic Structures

3.2.79 A search of the Humber Historic Environment Record has identified a further eleven structures of local historic or architectural interest within the 1 km study area. In addition to this, a site visit was undertaken to highlight any structure of interest not previously identified. One such structure was noted (refer to Table 3.2).

Table 3.2: Non-designated historic structures within the 1 km study area.

Asset ID Asset Type Period Description

MOUID7070 Building Post-medieval 17 & 17a George Street

MOUID3784 Building Post-medieval 57 Souttergate

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Asset ID Asset Type Period Description

MOUID11751 Building Post-medieval Former Board School

MOUID14632 Building Post-medieval Former Primitive Methodist Chapel

MOUID11203 Building Post-medieval Holyrood House

MOUID19125 Building Post-medieval Humber Tavern PH

MOUID11823 Building Post-medieval Royal Oak PH

MOUID1204 Building Post-medieval The Borough Arms PH

MOUID16595 Building Post-medieval The Crown PH, Paull

MOUID4677 Building Post-medieval The Shakespeare Inn, Baxtergate

MOUID6972 Building Post-medieval Vicarage

- Building Post-medieval Newton Garth House

3.2.80 The majority of the non-designated structures lie within the settlements of Hedon and Paull, contributing to the historic character of the streetscape. Included within this group are five public houses and residential properties that form part of the existing streetscape, and which defines their setting.

3.2.81 In contrast to this is Newton Garth, a residential property located within the Hedon Haven South site. The building was identified during the site visit and, although it does not appear on the Historic Environment Record, it is considered to be a heritage asset by virtue of its date. The building first appears on the 1891 OS map and the physical fabric supports a late Victorian date. The building stands in a prominent position on the Hedon Road, with its vibrant red brick exterior and double height bay windows. The associated farm buildings have since been demolished, but the surrounding agricultural fields survive, with a mature garden to the south.

3.3 Previous Archaeological Work

3.3.1 There have been numerous archaeological investigations in the Holderness area with several occurring within the study area and one occurring within the site. Archaeological geophysical survey in advance of pipeline construction identified several positive anomalies in the northern tip of the Paull site and along the western boundary of Hedon Haven South (AC Archaeology, 2006). These anomalies were interpreted as ditch features but it was also noted that the features could be natural in origin.

3.3.2 The majority of previous investigations within the 1 km study area are concentrated around the town of Hedon. Studies relevant to the site include an assessment and field evaluation in advance of landscape reclamation and redevelopment at Hedon Haven (NAA, 2005), which identified earlier river courses and surviving timber revetment along with structural remains from the north side of the most recent Haven alignment.

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4 Summary of Baseline Conditions

4.1 Summary of Archaeological Potential within the Site

4.1.1 The majority of prehistoric to Roman archaeological activity within the study area has been largely confined to the marginally higher ground, reflecting the fact that the several fluctuations in sea level along this section of coast from the early Holocene through to the 14th/ 15th centuries (Van de Noort and Ellis, 1995) would have acted to restrict the amount of land available for settlement and farming. It is noted however that a previous geophysical survey within the Site has identified soil filled anomalies that may indicate the presence of archaeological features.

4.1.2 As a consequence of the fluctuations in sea-level, the low-lying areas within and immediately around the site have a considerable palaeo-environmental resource and the potential to contain important information relating to past environments. Previous investigation of Hedon Haven has identified earlier river courses, therefore areas of the site with potential to contain earlier courses of the Hedon Haven, and/ or earlier palaeochannels such as the northern part of HAV1, are likely to contain a sedimentary sequence that is not characteristic of the prevailing geological conditions and will have the potential to contain important palaeo-environmental data.

4.1.3 The baseline has also demonstrated a potential for features relating to the manorial complex at Newton Garth to be present within the southern part of Hedon Haven South.

4.2 Summary of Contribution the Site makes to Setting

4.2.1 The following assets have been identified from the baseline study as requiring further assessment because it was judged during the walkover survey that the Site contributed in some level to their significance and setting, and therefore there is a potential for impacts to this significance arising from development at the Site.

Scheduled Monuments

4.2.2 The majority of scheduled monuments identified in the study area will not be affected by development at the Site as the area occupied by the Site does not contribute to their setting and significance (refer to Section 3).

4.2.3 The walkover survey assessed that the Site did contribute to the setting of Hedon Medieval Town scheduled monument, and this is discussed further in the impact assessment.

Listed buildings and Conservation Areas

4.2.4 The majority of listed buildings identified in the study area fall within the eight conservation areas identified, and their setting is largely defined by their contribution to the special interest of the conservation area as a whole.

4.2.5 The following listed buildings and conservation areas are taken forward to the impact assessment as the walkover survey concluded that the Site fell within their wider setting:

• St Augustine’s Church, Hedon;

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• Church of St Andrew, Paull; • Church of All Saints at Preston; • Paull Conservation Area; • Hedon Conservation Area; and • Hedon Haven Conservation Area.

Non-designated Assets

4.2.6 Non-designated assets within the site with the potential to be impacted by development at the site are also included in the impact assessment.

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5 Assessment of Significance and Contribution

5.1 The Site’s contribution to the setting of Assets in the Study Area

5.1.1 Table 5.1 lists the heritage assets that may be affected by development at the Site and identifies their relative level of significance in accordance with Table 2.1. Table 5.1 also identifies the components that contribute to the significance of each asset and establishes the contribution that the Site makes to the setting of the asset, based on the assessment of setting carried-out during the baseline walkover survey (refer to Section 3).

5.1.2 Figure 4 illustrates the Zones within the Site which contribute to the setting of heritage assets included in this assessment. The extent of the Zones is determined by the extent of physical remains, such as the course of Hedon Haven, and also by the extent of visual relationships which contribute to the setting of assets, for example the level of intervisibility between associated assets. The full extent of visual relationships, even where this extends beyond the Site boundary has been illustrated, for example Zones A and B (Figure 4). The full extent has been illustrated in order to appreciate the wider setting of the assets, and to illustrate what proportion of this setting may be affected by development.

5.1.3 The contributory value of Zones within the Site to the significance of the asset is measured as follows.

• Integral: Zone is an integral component of the asset’s setting and to its significance and its loss could result in substantial harm to the asset’s significance. • Important: Zone makes an important contribution to the setting and significance of the asset but is not a key component of its setting; however its loss could result in a level of harm to the significance of the asset. • Contributes: Zone contributes to the asset’s setting but its loss would not result in harm to the asset’s significance. • Neutral: Does not contribute to the asset’s setting or significance.

Hedon Haven January 2014 Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment 28 East Riding of Yorkshire Council Hedon Haven Evidence Base

Table 5.1 – Assessment of significance, setting and contributory value of Site.

Elements which contribute to the Components of the asset’s setting Contribution of parts of the Site to the Asset ID Designation Significance significance of the Asset that contribute to its significance Significance of the Asset

1003779 Scheduled High Historic interest: Hedon is one of Archaeological remains: The Zone D - Integral: Hedon Haven is Hedon Monument only three medieval boroughs to immediate setting of the scheduled town partly located within the Site and was Medieval have defensive circuits in East is defined by the extent of its defensive once navigable from the River Humber. town Yorkshire and the defences are a circuit, which is a key factor in its Zone D contains the current and former key factor in the scheduling of the significance. courses of the Haven and is important town. for understanding the history and Associative relationships: The development of the town. It reflects why Historic interest: Hedon was once physical and spatial link with Hedon the town is designated a scheduled a port and connected to the River Haven is a key factor in the town’s monument. Humber by Hedon Haven which significance. The town’s significance was navigable during the medieval derives from its history as a port and this Zone A - Important: Zone A plays an period. Its history as a port is is therefore inextricably linked with the important role in defining Hedon as a

directly linked to its rapid (and connectivity between the town, the separate settlement area by creating planned) development during the Haven and the River Humber. open space between the town and other medieval period and buried settlements. Zone A is not integral to Physical surroundings: Market Hill and medieval features including silted- the town’s setting, which is defined St Augustine’s Church in the town are up wharfs, harbours and primarily by its medieval remains and sited on a slightly elevated topographic watercourses, are a key factor in outer defensive circuit, but it is assessed position within a low-lying landscape. the scheduling of the town. that the sense of open space makes an The town is not visually dominant within important contribution to the town’s Archaeological interest: Hedon the landscape, but would have been identity as a settlement, distinct and contains exceptionally well- visible from the ships navigating the separate from other areas. preserved archaeological River Humber and Hedon Haven. sequences of medieval deposits Zone C: In views from the north, Zone C Views: views of Hedon Haven, and which contain palaeoenvironmental contributes to the perception of Hedon longer range views of the River Humber, data of national significance. as a defined settlement area in views form an important part of the setting of

Hedon Haven January 2014 Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment 29 East Riding of Yorkshire Council Hedon Haven Evidence Base

Elements which contribute to the Components of the asset’s setting Contribution of parts of the Site to the Asset ID Designation Significance significance of the Asset that contribute to its significance Significance of the Asset

the monument and contribute to its from the north, and establishes clear 1003779 significance as a medieval town and separation between Hedon and the Hedon former port. The Haven contributes to industrial setting on the skyline. Medieval an understanding of the historical town development of the town as a port and centre of trading. The character of the buildings integrates well with the wider landscape. Landscape character: the low-lying agricultural landscape surrounding Hedon on all sides helps define the town as a separate settlement. Experience: the southern part of the monument is defined by the edge of the former Haven. This part of the scheduled area is remote from the busier town centre and the visitor experiences a sense of stillness. The quality of the 18th century buildings are a reminder of the Haven’s former significance as a major harbour and contribute to the setting of the area. Views from within the monument take in the filled-in Haven as far as the A1033 carriageway which effectively severs views beyond this point.

Hedon Haven January 2014 Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment 30 East Riding of Yorkshire Council Hedon Haven Evidence Base

Elements which contribute to the Components of the asset’s setting Contribution of parts of the Site to the Asset ID Designation Significance significance of the Asset that contribute to its significance Significance of the Asset

1346568 St Grade I High Historic interest: Significant Topography: Immediate setting is Zones A - Important: Zone A makes an Augustine’s building in history of development defined by its position along with the important contribution because it forms Church, of medieval town; principal parish green open space of Market Hill on a part of the wider setting of the church. Hedon church and focal point for slight rise within the town. The low-lying nature of Zone A community. reinforces the vertical emphasis that the Visual dominance: Church tower is church has within the landscape. Architectural interest: integrity of prominent landmark and is visible from 13th century fabric is intact. Original long distances, is a navigation aid and Zone B - Important: Zone B represents form is intact bar 15th century tower defines the position of Hedon Town the area of visibility between the church and 19th century restoration. when viewed from the surrounding area and the Church of St Andrew at Paull. It and from the River Humber. also represents the third viewpoints from where both assets and their wider Views to/from other assets: settings can be appreciated. Intervisibility with Church of All Saints at Preston is a key component of the church’s wider setting. St Augustine’s was dependent upon the church if Preston throughout the medieval period. Intervisibility with the Church of St Andrew at Paull is a key component of wider setting.

Hedon Haven January 2014 Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment 31 East Riding of Yorkshire Council Hedon Haven Evidence Base

Elements which contribute to the Components of the asset’s setting Contribution of parts of the Site to the Asset ID Designation Significance significance of the Asset that contribute to its significance Significance of the Asset

1083434 Grade I High Historic interest: Significant Views to/from other assets: There is Zone A - Important: Zone A makes an Church of St building in history Holderness. clear intervisibility with St Augustine’s important contribution because it forms Andrew, Paull Church was razed in 1643 siege of Church at Hedon. part of the wider setting of the church Hull but incorporates material from and emphasises the structures Visual dominance: The church is a the original structure. prominence in the landscape. prominent feature in a low-lying Architectural interest: 17th century landscape, especially in views from the Zone B - Important: Zone B represents fabric incorporating elements of the east, from within the Site, and from the area of visibility between the church former structure including floor slab principal approaches to Paull. and the Church of St Augustine’s at and sculpture. Sympathetic late Hedon. It also represents the third Experience: There is a sense of 19th century restoration. viewpoints from where both assets and remoteness about the position of the their wider settings can be appreciated. church. It is not within the settlement of Paull, acting as a focal point for the community; rather it is set apart from the principal settlement. The contrast between the vertical dominance of the church’s tower and the surrounding low- lying agricultural land, along with the long-range views to the River Humber, contribute to a sense of detachment and isolation.

Hedon Haven January 2014 Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment 32 East Riding of Yorkshire Council Hedon Haven Evidence Base

Elements which contribute to the Components of the asset’s setting Contribution of parts of the Site to the Asset ID Designation Significance significance of the Asset that contribute to its significance Significance of the Asset

1083438 Grade I High Historic interest: Preston was an Views: Intervisibility with St Augustine’s Neutral: Key components of setting Church of All important ecclesiastical centre prior Church at Hedon. comprise the location of the church Saints at to the Norman Conquest; a church within the town as a focal point for the Level of visibility from outside of the Preston and attending priest is referenced in settlement and the intervisibility with St village within a low-lying landscape. Domesday. Augustine’s Church at Hedon. The Site Location: Position within village of does not form part of these views and Architectural interest: 13th – 16th Preston but set back from principal does not form part of the asset’s setting century fabric reused alongside 19th (historical) axis which originally was on or contribute to its significance. century restoration and rebuild. an east-west alignment.

Hedon Haven January 2014 Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment 33 East Riding of Yorkshire Council Hedon Haven Evidence Base

Elements which contribute to the Components of the asset’s setting Contribution of parts of the Site to the Asset ID Designation Significance significance of the Asset that contribute to its significance Significance of the Asset

Hedon Conservation Moderate Architectural: Quality of design Views: contained views (i.e. inward Zone D - Integral: Setting and character Conservation Area and character of 18th and 19th looking) as designated area of the conservation area is primarily Area century buildings/ streetscape. encompasses historic core of the town. defined by the quality of building type. Important views that contribute to the Historic interest: Hedon is one of Focal point is medieval market place. significance of the area are those only three medieval boroughs to contained within the conservation area. have defensive circuits in East The historical development and the Yorkshire and the defences are a quality of the architecture is linked with key factor in the scheduling of the the town’s history as a trading port, and town. therefore the Haven (Zone D), which Historic interest: Hedon was once was the navigable link to the Humber, a port and connected to the River contributes to the wider setting of the Humber by Hedon Haven which conservation area and is important for was navigable during the medieval understanding the town’s origins. period. Its history as a port is directly linked to its rapid (and planned) development during the medieval period and buried medieval features including silted- up wharfs, harbours and watercourses, are a key factor in the scheduling of the town.

Hedon Haven January 2014 Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment 34 East Riding of Yorkshire Council Hedon Haven Evidence Base

Elements which contribute to the Components of the asset’s setting Contribution of parts of the Site to the Asset ID Designation Significance significance of the Asset that contribute to its significance Significance of the Asset

Hedon Haven Conservation Moderate Architectural: Quality of design Views: views of the Haven and spatial Zone D - Integral: The character of the Conservation Area and character of limited 18th and links with defensive circuit. Views conservation area is primarily defined by Area 19th century buildings. towards the Site contributing to edge of quality of listed building type, and by its settlement sense of place. position with the Haven. The infilled Historic interest: Hedon is one of section of Hedon Haven is located within only three medieval boroughs to Character: quality of design and the conservation area, which was once have defensive circuits in East character of buildings, and large areas navigable from the River Humber. The Yorkshire and the defences are a of green space along Burstwick Drain. Haven extends into the Site (Zone D) key factor in the scheduling of the Experience: Edge of settlement and is integral for the understanding of town. emphasised by agricultural fields to the the town’s history as a former port. Historic interest: Hedon was once south and south-east.

a port and connected to the River Humber by Hedon Haven which was navigable during the medieval period. Its history as a port is directly linked to its rapid (and planned) development during the medieval period and buried medieval features including silted- up wharfs, harbours and watercourses, are a key factor in the scheduling of the town. Archaeological interest: Hedon contains exceptionally well- preserved archaeological sequences of medieval deposits which contain palaeoenvironmental data of national significance.

Hedon Haven January 2014 Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment 35 East Riding of Yorkshire Council Hedon Haven Evidence Base

Elements which contribute to the Components of the asset’s setting Contribution of parts of the Site to the Asset ID Designation Significance significance of the Asset that contribute to its significance Significance of the Asset

Paull Conservation Moderate Historical: origins of settlement Views: enclosed setting from within the Zone A - Contributes: Setting and Conservation Area linked with estuarine industry, conservation area. Views of the Estuary character of the conservation area is Area conservation area includes military and to the west towards Hull. defined by the building type. Important establishment at Paull Battery. views that contribute to the significance Character: Varied streetscape of the designated area are those Architectural: style of buildings comprising largely 2-storey cottages, contained within the conservation area linked with estuarine environment; also buildings such as the Old and views of the River Humber. Views cottages, lighthouse. Lighthouse with historical links to the to the north-east contribute to the sense Estuary. of openness at the edge of the Experience: Edge of settlement settlement, defined by the low-lying emphasised by agricultural fields to the agricultural landscape, and as such north and north-east of Paull. Zone A contributes to the asset’s setting.

MHU18467 Non- Low Site of finds scatter. The Setting does not contribute to Neutral: Site does not contribute to this Findspot designated significance of the assets relate to significance. asset’s significance their place within a remnant prehistoric landscape and to the extent of, as yet unrecorded, buried remains.

MHU7260 Non- Low Site of findspot. The significance of Setting does not contribute to Neutral: Site does not contribute to this Findspot designated the asset relate to its place within a significance. asset’s significance remnant prehistoric landscape and to the extent of, as yet unrecorded, buried remains.

Hedon Haven January 2014 Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment 36 East Riding of Yorkshire Council Hedon Haven Evidence Base

Elements which contribute to the Components of the asset’s setting Contribution of parts of the Site to the Asset ID Designation Significance significance of the Asset that contribute to its significance Significance of the Asset

MHU2672 Non- Low Significance of asset is its Setting does not contribute to Neutral: Site does not contribute to this Leper hospital, designated significance for understanding significance. asset’s significance almshouse, moat medieval settlement in East Riding

MHU211 Bridge Non- Low Significance of site of former bridge Historical setting of the former asset is Neutral: Site does not contribute to this designated is linked to its position with the lined to its position spanning the Haven. asset’s significance Haven.

MHU4715 Mint Non- Low Significance of asset is its Setting does not contribute to Neutral: Site does not contribute to this designated significance for contributing to significance. asset’s significance understanding of medieval trade in East Riding.

MHU2671 Non- Low Significance of asset is its The remnant medieval landscape Contributes: The Site is relevant Manorial site designated significance for contributing to surrounding the (site of) this asset because part of land within influence of understanding of medieval manorial contributes to its significance. former manor. complexes in East Riding.

MHU20010 Non- Low Findspot. The significance of the Findspot. Setting does not contribute to Neutral: Site does not contribute to this Findspot designated assets relates to understanding of significance. asset’s significance post-medieval activity within study area.

Hedon Haven January 2014 Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment 37 East Riding of Yorkshire Council Hedon Haven Evidence Base

Elements which contribute to the Components of the asset’s setting Contribution of parts of the Site to the Asset ID Designation Significance significance of the Asset that contribute to its significance Significance of the Asset

MHU11812 Non- Low Significance of former site is linked The agricultural landscape surrounding Contributes: If subsurface remains are Barn designated with the agricultural land use of the the (site of) this asset contributes to its present then Site contributes to site. Asset is no longer extant but significance. understanding of the asset’s function sub-surface remains may be and its historical links to agricultural land present. use.

MHU11820 Non- Low Significance of asset is linked with Historical setting of former asset is Neutral: Significance of asset is linked Brickworks designated post-medieval industry in East linked to the settlements in the study to existing settlement areas and their Yorkshire and the expansion of area. historical expansion. Site does not existing settlement areas. contribute to this asset’s significance.

MHU15392 Non- Low Findspot. The significance of the Findspot. Setting does not contribute to Neutral: Site does not contribute to this Findspot designated assets relates to understanding of significance. asset’s significance post-medieval activity within study area.

MHU14624 Non- Low Significance of asset is linked with Historical setting of former asset is Neutral: Significance of asset is linked Brickworks designated post-medieval industry in East linked to the settlements in the study to existing settlement areas and their Yorkshire and the expansion of area. historical expansion. Site does not existing settlement areas. contribute to this asset’s significance

MHU11818 Non- Low Significance of site of former bridge Historical setting of the former asset is Neutral: The former asset bridged the Swing bridge designated is linked to its position with the lined to its position spanning the Haven. Site; however the principal setting which Haven. The Site is a component of contributes to our understanding of the the asset’s wider setting because it asset’s function, is the course of the places the site in context. Haven.

Hedon Haven January 2014 Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment 38 East Riding of Yorkshire Council Hedon Haven Evidence Base

Elements which contribute to the Components of the asset’s setting Contribution of parts of the Site to the Asset ID Designation Significance significance of the Asset that contribute to its significance Significance of the Asset

URS01 Former Non- Low Significance of asset is linked with Setting within the Site is contained to the Neutral: The Site forms part of the wider course of the designated former course of Haven and physical course of the Haven. setting of the asset, but the integral Hedon Haven medieval town of Hedon. significance of the asset is linked with the course of the Haven and the potential for important buried deposits, which may contain palaeoenvironmental data.

Hedon Haven January 2014 Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment 39 East Riding of Yorkshire Council Hedon Haven Evidence Base

6 Summary of Site Contribution to Setting and Assessment of Impact

6.1.1 The areas of the Site that contribute to the setting of designated assets were identified during the site walkover and the combines zones are illustrated on Figure 4. The individual zones are illustrated on Figures 5 to 8 inclusive.

Zone A (Figure 5)

Hedon Medieval Town scheduled monument

6.1.2 Zone A plays an important role in defining Hedon as a separate settlement area by creating open space between the town and other settlements. Zone A is not integral to the town’s setting, which is defined primarily by its medieval remains and outer defensive circuit, but it is assessed that the sense of open space makes an important contribution to the town’s identity as a settlement, distinct and separate from other areas.

St Augustine’s Church, Hedon Grade I listed

6.1.3 Zone A makes an important contribution to the visibility of St Augustine’s Church when viewed from Paull and the area south of Hedon. The low-lying agricultural land, by contrast, emphasises the vertical dominance of the church in the landscape.

6.1.4 St Andrew’s Church, Paull, Grade I listed

6.1.5 Zone A makes an important contribution because it forms part of the wider setting of the church and contrasts with and emphasises the vertical prominence of the church.

Paull Conservation Area

6.1.6 Zone A represents the area of visibility from the edge of the settlement at Paull towards Hedon. This Zone contributes to the edge of settlement sense of place from the northern edge of Paull and therefore contributes to the significance of the conservation area.

Zone B (Figure 6)

St Augustine’s Church, Hedon Grade I listed and St Andrew’s Church, Paull, Grade I listed

6.1.7 Zone B was recorded during the site walkover as contributing to the setting of St Augustine’s Church at Hedon and St Andrew’s Church at Paull. The Zone represents the corridors of visibility from where both churches can be viewed as prominent features in the landscape. Zone B also represents points within the landscape from where the vertical dominance of both churches can be appreciated; i.e. a third viewpoint where both churches can be seen.

6.1.8 The visibility of the churches within the wider landscape individually and as a group, together with the level of intervisibility between churches is an important component of their setting, and as such it is assessed that Zone B makes an important contribution to the setting of St Augustine’s Church at Hedon and St Andrew’s Church at Paull.

Hedon Haven January 2014 Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment 40 East Riding of Yorkshire Council Hedon Haven Evidence Base

Zone C (Figure 7)

Hedon Medieval Town scheduled monument

6.1.9 Zone C was recorded during the site walkover as contributing to the setting of Hedon town. The setting of Hedon town scheduled monument is defined primarily by the extent of its medieval defensive circuit and by its physical and spatial relationship with Hedon Haven. From the north looking towards Hedon, the skyline at the western edge of the town is dominated by the industrial setting at Salt End. A corridor of undeveloped land within the northern part of the Site was defined as Zone C during the site walkover because it helps define Hedon as settlement when viewed from the north, and separates the town from the industrial setting to the west.

6.1.10 It is assessed that Zone C contributes to the setting of Hedon and specifically helps maintain the town’s identity as a distinct settlement area, set apart from other developed areas.

Zone D (Figure 8)

Hedon Medieval Town scheduled monument

6.1.11 Zone D represents the course and former courses of the Hedon Haven. Zone D makes an integral contribution to the setting of Hedon Medieval Town scheduled monument because it represents the connectivity between the former port and the River Humber via the once navigable Haven. The Haven therefore represents a key factor in the scheduling of the town and helps illustrate why the town is significant.

Hedon Conservation Area and Hedon Haven Conservation Area

6.1.12 The settings and characters of Hedon Haven Conservation Area and Hedon Town Conservation Area are defined primarily by the quality and style of architecture. The history of both areas is inextricably linked with the development of Hedon town as a port and while the areas are designated primarily as a result of the character and quality of the built form, they are also designated to preserve their historic associations and interests.

6.1.13 Hedon Haven, by historical association linking it to the origins of the town, makes an integral contribution to the wider setting and significance of both areas.

6.1.14 The predicted level of impact and effect that development within the Zones may have upon the setting and significance of designated assets is assessed in Table 6.1, along with an assessment of the level of harm which may arise.

Hedon Haven January 2014 Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment 41 East Riding of Yorkshire Council Hedon Haven Evidence Base

Table 6.1 - Assessment of Impact magnitude and significance of effect

The impact and effect arising from loss of parts of Elements which contribute to the Asset ID Designation Significance the Site upon elements which contribute to Level of harm significance of the Asset significance

1003779 Scheduled High Historic interest: Hedon is one of only Development in any part of the Site will not result in any No Harm Hedon Monument three medieval boroughs to have defensive direct impacts to Hedon's defensive medieval circuit. The Medieval circuits in East Yorkshire and the defences impact is assessed as No Change and the effect is town are a key factor in the scheduling of the therefore Neutral. town. Historic interest: Hedon was once a port Development within Zone D has the potential to impact The potential level of harm and connected to the River Humber by the setting of the town by infilling the space between the is assessed to be Hedon Haven which was navigable during Humber, Hedon Haven and the town. This historical link substantial because the medieval period. is an important component of why the town is designated development in close Hedon’s history as a port is directly linked to a scheduled monument. The loss of this connectivity may proximity to the Haven may its rapid and planned development during result in a High magnitude of impact because changes to affect the legibility of an the medieval period and buried medieval this setting may result in changes in the ability to asset that is important in features including silted-up wharfs, harbours understand and appreciate the resource and its historical explaining the heritage and watercourses, are a key factor in the context as a former port. Depending on the nature of any significance of Hedon. scheduling of the town. development brought forward, the potential effect of this loss is assessed to be Major Adverse. Archaeological interest: Hedon contains Development in the northern part of HAV1 has the A level of harm will arise exceptionally well-preserved archaeological potential to impact an infilled section of a former course of from direct impacts to non- sequences of medieval deposits, which the Haven. The impact to the non-designated Haven is designated remains. The contain important palaeoenvironmental data. assessed as minimal because only a proportion of the harm is assessed to be asset will be impacted, resulting in a Minor Adverse minor and less than effect. substantial.

Hedon Haven January 2014 Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment 42 East Riding of Yorkshire Council Hedon Haven Evidence Base

The impact and effect arising from loss of parts of Elements which contribute to the Asset ID Designation Significance the Site upon elements which contribute to Level of harm significance of the Asset significance

1003779 Scheduled High Landscape character: the low-lying Hedon is viewed as a distinct and separate settlement Development at the Site Hedon Monument agricultural landscape surrounding Hedon within the landscape which is due primarily to the will result in a level of harm Medieval on all sides helps define the town as a extensive open space between the town and other to the landscape setting of town separate settlement. settlements. The town’s setting is defined primarily by its the scheduled monument. medieval remains, outer defensive circuit and relationship The harm is assessed to be with the Hedon Haven, but the sense of open space less than substantial around the town makes an important contribution to the because it will noticeably town’s identity as a distinct settlement. The introduction alter the town’s landscape of buildings in Zones A and B will noticeably alter the setting, but will not impact setting of the town and reduce the ability for it to be components important to identified as a distinct settlement cluster. The impact of why the town is designated, development in Zones A and B to the setting and i.e. its outer defensive significance of the town is assessed to be Medium which circuit and the town’s will result in a Major Adverse effect. relationship with the Hedon Haven. 1346568 St Grade I High Historic interest: Significant building in Development in any part of the Site will not result in an No Harm Augustine’s history of development of medieval town; impact to this component of the asset's significance which Church, principal parish church and focal point for revolved around the asset as a focal point for the Hedon community within Hedon. community within Hedon. The impact is assessed as No Change and the effect is therefore Neutral. Architectural interest: integrity of 13th Development in any part of the Site will not result in an No Harm century fabric is intact. Original form is impact to this component of the asset's significance. The intact bar 15th century tower and 19th century impact is assessed as No Change and the effect is restoration. therefore Neutral. Topography: Immediate setting is defined Development in any part of the Site will not result in an No Harm by its position along with the green open impact to this component of the asset's significance. The space of Market Hill on a slight rise within impact is assessed as No Change and the effect is the town. therefore Neutral.

Hedon Haven January 2014 Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment 43 East Riding of Yorkshire Council Hedon Haven Evidence Base

The impact and effect arising from loss of parts of Elements which contribute to the Asset ID Designation Significance the Site upon elements which contribute to Level of harm significance of the Asset significance

1346568 St Grade I High Visual prominence: The church tower is The Site forms part of the low-lying landscape character Development at the Site Augustine’s prominent landmark within a low-lying type which helps emphasise the visibility of the church will result in a level of harm Church, landscape and is visible over long distances. within the landscape. Introducing development into Zone to the vertical dominance of Hedon The church tower would have been, and still A has the potential to reduce the visual dominance of the the church within a low- is, used as a navigation aid because it church when viewed from the edge of Paull and the lying landscape. The harm clearly defines the position of Hedon Town approach from Paull to Hedon. This will result in a is assessed to be less when viewed from the surrounding area and noticeable change to the church’s setting and also a than substantial harm from the River Humber. change in the ability to appreciate the resource and its because the church will still historical context. The impact is assessed to be Medium be highly visible when because reduced visibility of the structure will result in the viewed from other setting of the asset being noticeably different resulting in viewpoints within the changes in our ability to understand and appreciate the landscape; specifically from resource and its historical context. The effect is assessed Preston to the north and to be Major Adverse. settlements to the east and south-east. Views to/from other assets: Intervisibility Zone B represents the corridors of visibility from where Development at the Site with Church of All Saints at Preston is a key both churches can be viewed as prominent features in the will result in a level of harm component of the church’s wider setting. St landscape. This level of visibility represents the setting of to the level of visibility Augustine’s was dependent upon the church St Augustine’s in terms of its associative relationship with between related assets. at Preston throughout the medieval period. St Andrew’s at Paull. This visual Zone also represents The harm is assessed to be Intervisibility with the Church of St Andrew points within the landscape from where the vertical less than substantial at Paull is an important representation of the dominance of both churches can be appreciated which because it will not impact level of association between the assets and forms part of their collective and individual settings. components of the church’s is therefore is a key component of the Introducing development into Zone B has the potential to setting or significance church’s wider setting. impact shared views between these assets. The impact considered important in is assessed to be Low because impacts to intervisibility terms of its designation. will have a slight impact on the ability to appreciate the wider historical and cultural connections of the church, and the effect is assessed to be Moderate Adverse.

Hedon Haven January 2014 Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment 44 East Riding of Yorkshire Council Hedon Haven Evidence Base

The impact and effect arising from loss of parts of Elements which contribute to the Asset ID Designation Significance the Site upon elements which contribute to Level of harm significance of the Asset significance

1083434 Grade I High Historic interest: Significant building in Development in any part of the Site will not result in an No Harm Church of St history Holderness. Church was razed in impact to the historic interest of the church. The impact is Andrew, Paull 1643 siege of Hull but incorporates material assessed as No Change and the effect is therefore from the original structure. Neutral.

Architectural interest: 17th century fabric Development in any part of the Site will not result in an No Harm incorporating elements of the former impact to this component of the asset's significance. The structure including floor slab and sculpture. impact is assessed as No Change and the effect is Sympathetic late 19th century restoration. therefore Neutral. Visual prominence: The church is a Zone A within the Site contributes to the low-lying Development at the Site prominent feature in a low-lying landscape, landscape character type which contrasts and highlights will result in a level of harm especially in views from within the Site and the visibility of the church and other ecclesiastical to the perception of the in approaches from the east and north-east. structures in the area. However development at the Site asset as a dominant will not affect the church’s prominence when viewed from feature within a low-lying settlement areas to the east, and from along the principal landscape. The harm is approaches to Paull. The visual prominence of the assessed to be less than church will be impacted in views from within the Site but substantial harm because this is already compromised by intervening buildings and it will not result in a total vegetation. The impact is assessed to be Minimal loss of significance of the because there will be no real change to the wider setting asset. of the asset in terms of its visual prominence. The effect is therefore Minor Adverse.

Hedon Haven January 2014 Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment 45 East Riding of Yorkshire Council Hedon Haven Evidence Base

The impact and effect arising from loss of parts of Elements which contribute to the Asset ID Designation Significance the Site upon elements which contribute to Level of harm significance of the Asset significance

1083434 Grade I High Views to/from other assets: There is clear Zone B represents the corridors of visibility from where Development at the Site Church of St intervisibility with St Augustine’s Church at the associative relationship of St Andrew’s and St will result in a level of harm Andrew, Paull Hedon. Augustine’s at Hedon can be viewed as prominent to the level of visibility features within the landscape. Introducing development between related assets. into Zone B will impact this associative relationship on a The harm is assessed to be visual level and have a slight impact on the ability to less than substantial appreciate the wider historical and cultural connections of harm because it will not the church. The impact to this association is assessed to impact components of the be Low resulting in a Moderate Adverse effect. church’s setting or significance associated with its designation. Experience: There is a sense of Development at the Site will bring the urban edge closer Development at the Site remoteness about the position of the church. to the church, affecting long-range views to the north. will have an impact to the It is not within the settlement of Paull, acting The intervening fields and vegetation will reduce this wider setting of the church as a focal point for the community; rather it visual impact and reduce noise intrusion. There is in terms of its position is set apart from the principal settlement. unlikely therefore to be any significant change to the within an open agricultural The contrast between the vertical sense of place, and the impact is assessed to be landscape, set apart from dominance of the church’s tower and the Minimal, resulting in a Minor Adverse effect. the settlement at Paull and surrounding low-lying agricultural land, in an area currently free along with the long-range views to the River from development. The Humber, contribute to a sense of harm is considered to be detachment and isolation. less than substantial because there will only be a minor effect upon the sense of place.

Hedon Haven January 2014 Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment 46 East Riding of Yorkshire Council Hedon Haven Evidence Base

The impact and effect arising from loss of parts of Elements which contribute to the Asset ID Designation Significance the Site upon elements which contribute to Level of harm significance of the Asset significance

Hedon Haven Designated Moderate Views: views within the conservation area Development at the Site will not impact internal views No Harm Conservation and spatial links with defensive circuit and within the conservation area and the impact is assessed Area infilled Haven reaffirm the historical links as No Change resulting in a Neutral effect. with use as former port.

Physical surroundings: The connectivity to Development within Zone D has the potential to alter the Depending on the nature of the Haven contributes to an understanding ability to understand the navigable links the town once any development brought of the historical development of the town/ had with the Humber via the Hedon Haven. Impact to the forward, the potential level conservation area and contributes to the connectivity between the Haven and the town is of harm is assessed to be significance of the area. potentially assessed to be High because it entails substantial. Development changes to the setting of the town (an important in Zone D may affect the component of its significance). Depending on the nature legibility of an asset which of the development, there is the potential for the effect to is important in be Major Adverse. understanding why Hedon is designated a scheduled monument. Character: quality of design and character Development at the Site will not affect the quality of No Harm of buildings. Large areas of green space design within the conservation area or the character of along Burstwick Drain. the internal space. The impact is assessed as No Change resulting in a Neutral effect.

Hedon Haven January 2014 Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment 47 East Riding of Yorkshire Council Hedon Haven Evidence Base

The impact and effect arising from loss of parts of Elements which contribute to the Asset ID Designation Significance the Site upon elements which contribute to Level of harm significance of the Asset significance

Experience: open agricultural landscape to Development within parts of the Site that fall within Zone Development within Zone B south and south-west of area contributes to B will bring the urban fringe within views from the will have an impact to long- sense of remoteness and edge of settlement southern edge of the conservation area and alter the range views from the edge sense of place. perception of remoteness and the edge of settlement of the area. The harm is sense of place. The impact is reduced due to the considered to be less than distance involved and intervening vegetation and is substantial because the assessed to be Minimal because the significance of the views will be long-range conservation area will not be affected but there will be a and will have a minor effect slight change to its character and wider landscape setting. to the sense of place. The effect is assessed to be Minor Adverse.

Hedon Designated Moderate Architectural: Quality of design and Development in any part of the Site will not result in an No Harm Conservation character of 18th and 19th century impact to this component of the asset's significance. The Area impact is assessed as No Change and the effect is buildings/ streetscape. therefore Neutral.

Views: contained views (i.e. inward Development at the Site will not impact internal views No Harm within the conservation area and the impact is assessed looking) as designated area encompasses as No Change resulting in a Neutral effect. historic core of the town. Focal point is medieval market place. Physical surroundings: The connectivity to Development within Zone D may impair understanding of The potential level of harm the Haven contributes to an understanding the navigable links the town once had with the Humber is assessed to be of the historical development of the town/ via the Hedon Haven. Depending on its nature, any substantial. Development conservation area and contributes to the development that might be brought forward has the in Zone D may affect the significance of the area. potential to impact the connectivity between the Haven legibility of an asset and the town. This impact is assessed to be High important in explaining the because it could entail changes to the setting of the town significance of Hedon.

Hedon Haven January 2014 Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment 48 East Riding of Yorkshire Council Hedon Haven Evidence Base

The impact and effect arising from loss of parts of Elements which contribute to the Asset ID Designation Significance the Site upon elements which contribute to Level of harm significance of the Asset significance

that is an important component of its significance. The effect is potentially assessed to be Major Adverse.

Paull Designated Moderate Internal Views: enclosed setting from within Development at the Site will not impact views within the No Harm Conservation the conservation area. No clear views from conservation area and the impact is assessed as No Area within the conservation area to the north Change resulting in a Neutral effect. towards the Site. Paull Designated Moderate Views: long-range views towards the Development at the Site will not impact views from out of No Harm Conservation Estuary and to the west towards Hull. the conservation area towards the Estuary and Hull. The Area impact is assessed as No Change resulting in a Neutral effect. Character: varied streetscape comprising Character is experienced from internal views. No Harm largely 2-storey cottages, also buildings Development at the Site will not affect the quality of such as the Old Lighthouse with historical design within the conservation area or the character of links to the Estuary. the internal space. The impact is assessed as No Change resulting in a Neutral effect. Experience: open agricultural landscape to Development within Zone A will bring the urban fringe Development in Zone A will the north-east contributes to an edge of within views from the northern edge of the conservation have an impact on the settlement sense of place. area and alter the perception of the edge of settlement wider setting of the sense of place. The impact is assessed to be Minimal conservation area in terms because the principal characteristics of the conservation of impacts to open views to area will not be affected but there will be an effect upon a the north-east. The sense component of its wider landscape setting. The effect is of place will be affected but assessed to be Minor Adverse. this will not result in harm to the area’s significance. The harm is assessed as less than substantial.

Hedon Haven January 2014 Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment 49 East Riding of Yorkshire Council Hedon Haven Evidence Base

7 Summary of Effects, Mitigation and Residual Effects

7.1 Overview

7.1.1 An evaluation of the significance of heritage assets identified in the baseline report (URS 2012a), and the contribution Zones within the Site makes to the setting of the assets, has been considered in the context of the potential effects likely to arise from development that might be brought forward under the proposed Allocation.

7.1.2 The potential for a number of significant effects, i.e. moderate or above, has been identified in association with development at Zones within the Site, and therefore measures to avoid or reduce these effects to conserve the setting and significance of heritage assets should be taken into account when drafting the Allocation policy.

7.1.3 Potentially significant effects have been identified for Hedon Medieval town, St Augustine’s Church in Hedon, the Church of St Andrew in Paull, Hedon Conservation Area and Hedon Haven Conservation Area. Outline mitigation measures are set-out below.

7.2 Mitigation

Hedon Medieval Town

7.2.1 Views of the medieval town from outside of Hedon, and specifically from existing settlement at Paull, may be affected by development at the Site. A key factor in the understanding of the town as a distinct settlement is its separation from other areas of settlement, and this setting is reinforced by the open agricultural land that surrounds the town. Views towards the town from the north, south, the south-west and south-east, could be noticeably altered by the introduction of buildings within this space and the potential impact is assessed to be Medium. This would result in a Major Adverse effect.

7.2.2 Hedon’s historical links to the River Humber via the once navigable Haven along with buried features including silted-up wharfs, harbours and watercourses, are a key factor in the scheduling of the town. Development in any part of the Site will not result in any direct impacts to the infilled Hedon Haven or any of the medieval features that contribute to the scheduling of the town, however development within the Site will impact the wider setting by infilling the space between the Humber, Hedon Haven and the town. Depending on the nature of the development and its specific location, the potential (worst-case) impact is assessed to be High because changes to this setting will affect a key component of why Hedon is designated as a scheduled monument and will reduce the ability to understand this associative relationship. The potential effect is therefore Major Adverse.

7.2.3 Mitigation: In order to reduce the predicted Major Adverse effect of introducing buildings into the space on the edge of Hedon scheduled monument, the draft allocation policy text should be worded to ensure that proposed buildings do not visually dominate the edge of the town. Zone C (Figure 7) is important for maintaining the edge of settlement perception in views from the north. Any proposed development within the Site should consider the conservation of Hedon’s setting and reduce predicted effects by minimising development in

Hedon Haven January 2014 Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment 50 East Riding of Yorkshire Council Hedon Haven Evidence Base

Zone C, or by identifying a requirement for a green buffer in the landscape design. Development within the wider Site will still have an adverse effect on the setting of Hedon, largely because this area has previously been development-free, but maintaining the edge of settlement sense of place within Zone C will reduce predicted effects from Major Adverse to Moderate Adverse.

7.2.4 Potential Major Adverse effects to the setting of Hedon scheduled monument associated with development within Zone D can be reduced by establishing a development-sensitive buffer zone around the current and former courses of the Haven to maintain the physical connectivity between the watercourse and the town (Figure 8). Development within the wider Site will still have an adverse effect on the setting of Hedon, largely because this area has previously been development-free, but by maintaining the associative relationship with the Haven it is assessed the effect can be reduced from Major Adverse to Moderate Adverse.

St Augustine’s Church, Hedon

7.2.5 The Site makes an important contribution to the church because it forms part of the wider setting and falls within views towards the Church of St Andrew at Paull. The Site also forms part of the low-lying landscape, which contrasts with and emphasises the visibility of St Augustine’s. It is assessed that there is a potentially Major Adverse effect to the visual prominence of the church arising from development in Zone A (Figure 5) in views from Paull and from the road between Paull and Hedon.

7.2.6 Zone B (Figure 6) represents the zone of visibility from where St Augustine’s can be viewed in the landscape alongside St Andrew’s Church at Paull, and depending on its nature, introducing development into this Zone has been assessed as resulting in a potentially Moderate Adverse effect. Zone B extends beyond the Site boundaries, and the shared visibility between St Augustine’s and St Andrew’s will still be possible from areas beyond the Site.

7.2.7 Mitigation: Mitigation to reduce the potential adverse effects to the visual prominence of St Augustine’s can include minimising the height of buildings within Zone A, and also encouraging the distribution of buildings to avoid massing of structures in any single part of Zone A. The draft allocation policy should be worded to reflect the requirement to conserve the vertical emphasis of the church within the landscape. Development within the wider Site will still have an adverse effect on the overall visual prominence of the church, largely because this area has previously been development-free and therefore any scale of development will result in a visual distraction and a clear level of change. However by controlling the height of buildings within Zone A it is assessed the predicted effect can be reduced from Major Adverse to Moderate Adverse.

7.2.8 Subsequent development proposals should be alerted to the requirement to conserve the setting of St Augustine’s including its visual associative relationship with St Andrew’s church at Paull, and the draft allocation policy should be worded to reflect the requirement to maintain visibility between related assets. Development within the wider Site will still have an adverse effect on the overall visual prominence of the church, largely because this area has previously been development-free and therefore any development will result in a level of impact to the visibility of both churches from points within the wider landscape, but by maintaining and conserving the visibility between the structures within Zone B it is assessed the predicted effect can be reduced from Moderate Adverse to Minor Adverse.

Hedon Haven January 2014 Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment 51 East Riding of Yorkshire Council Hedon Haven Evidence Base

Church of St Andrew, Paull

7.2.9 Lying to the east of Paull is the Grade I listed Church of St Andrew. The church lies outside the main settlement and is visible over large areas, enhanced by the flat topography of the surrounding landscape. It also represents one of a number of churches within the Holderness area, sharing an important relationship with St Augustine’s Church in Hedon.

7.2.10 Zone B (Figure 6) represents the zone of visibility from where St Andrew’s can be viewed in the landscape alongside St Augustine’s in Hedon, and introducing development into this Zone has been assessed as resulting in a potentially Moderate Adverse effect.

7.2.11 Mitigation: Introducing development into Zone B will impact the associative relationship between the asset and St Augustine’s in Hedon on a visual level, and this will have a slight impact on the ability to appreciate the wider historical and cultural connections of the church. The draft allocation policy should be worded to highlight the importance of conserving the visibility between related assets. This would reduce the effect to Minor Adverse.

Hedon Conservation Area

7.2.12 The current and historical connectivity to the Haven contributes to an understanding of the historical development of the conservation area and contributes to the significance of the area. Development within Zone D has the potential to impact this historical interest and alter the ability to understand the navigable links the town once had with the Humber via the Hedon Haven. Depending on the nature of the development, the level of impact to the connectivity between the Haven and the town is potentially assessed to be High because it entails changes to the setting of the town, which is a key component of its significance, and the effect could therefore be Major Adverse.

7.2.13 Mitigation: Potential Major Adverse effects to the significance of the conservation area from development within Zone D can be reduced by establishing a development-sensitive buffer zone around the current and former courses of the Haven to maintain physical connectivity with the town (Figure 8). Maintaining the associative relationship with the Haven can reduce the potential effect upon the conservation area to Moderate Adverse.

Hedon Haven Conservation Area

7.2.14 The character of the conservation area is defined primarily by the quality of its listed buildings, but also by its spatial and visual links with the Haven. There are infilled sections of the Haven within the conservation area, and the course of the Haven extends into the Site. Connectivity to the Haven contributes to an understanding of the historical development of the conservation area and contributes to its historical interest. The loss of this connectivity by introducing development in Zone D could affect the legibility of an asset that is an important component of why the conservation area is designated. The potential impact is assessed as High which would result in a Major Adverse effect.

7.2.15 Mitigation: Potential Major Adverse effects to the significance of the conservation area arising from development within Zone D can be reduced by establishing a development- sensitive buffer zone around the current and former courses of the Haven to maintain the physical connectivity (Figure 8). It is assessed that by maintaining the associative relationship with the Haven the potential effect upon the conservation area can be reduced to Moderate Adverse.

Hedon Haven January 2014 Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment 52 East Riding of Yorkshire Council Hedon Haven Evidence Base

8 Draft Allocation Policy

8.1.1 Potential significant effects will be mitigated by design and written into the allocation policy for the Site (HAV1/2) to conserve the significance of, and avoid harm to, heritage assets as a result of development. In addition to this, further detailed assessment will be undertaken to support subsequent planning applications relating to the Site. At such a detailed stage, any additional mitigation identified through assessment will be embedded within the emerging design to ensure that potentially significant effects are removed or reduced.

8.1.2 To mitigate the predicted effect arising from development that may visually dominate the edge of Hedon town, contributions have been made to the draft wording of Policy HAV1/2 such that it includes the following requirements: ‘’Provide a landscaped buffer to all external site boundaries, which incorporates landscape enhancement measures appropriate to the surrounding landscape character.’’

8.1.3 This will ensure that development in Zone C is controlled and maintain views of Hedon as a separate settlement in views from the north.

8.1.4 Zone D has been identified as a key element in the significance of Hedon Medieval Town, Hedon Conservation Area and Hedon Haven Conservation Area. To conserve the connectivity between Hedon town, Hedon Haven and the River Humber, areas that contribute to the significance of an asset should be safeguarded. Since Zone D is integral for understanding the significance of Hedon it should be considered as a development- sensitive zone, and a buffer within this area should be maintained either side of the current and former course of the Haven within the Site. The extent of this buffer will be dependent on the nature of development associated with this Zone, and any development within this Zone should be sensitive to, and considered in the context of, these issues.

8.1.5 In addition and in order to ensure that the associative relationship between assets is conserved, for example the significance between St Augustine’s church at Hedon and St Andrew’s church in Paull, the importance of conserving intervisibility between key assets is referenced in the Policy wording as below: ‘’Minimise any harm to the significance of heritage assets and safeguard elements contributing to their importance in the area, including the setting of the Conservations Areas at Paull and Hedon and by maintaining intervisibility between important historic features.’’

8.1.6 The assessment has concluded that there will be a level of impact to the landscape setting of Hedon from development in any part of the Site, largely because this area has previously been development-free and therefore any scale of development will result in a clear level of change. However, in order to minimise the visual effects of development on the visibility of Hedon from Paull and the vertical prominence of St Augustine’s the Policy wording states that proposals should: "Maintain a buffer / open area between Paull and Hedon to retain continued clear separation between the proposed development and these settlements and ensure their identities are maintained."

8.1.7 Further detail is provided in the supporting text to Policy HAV1/2.

Hedon Haven January 2014 Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment 53 East Riding of Yorkshire Council Hedon Haven Evidence Base

9 References

Department for Communities and Local Government. 2012. National Planning Policy Framework

Department for Communities and Local Government. 2013 National Planning Practice Guidance on conserving and enhancing the historic environment (http://planningguidance.planningportal.gov.uk/blog/guidance/conserving-and-enhancing- the-historic-environment/why-is-significance-important-in-decision-taking).

English Heritage 2012 PPS5: Planning for the Historic Environment Practice Guide. Revision Note June 2012.

English Heritage 2012 The Setting of Heritage Assets (Revised June 2012)

IfA 2012 Standard and Guidance for Historic Environment Desk-based Assessment

IfA 2013 Code of Conduct

URS 2012a Hedon Haven Evidence Base. Baseline Cultural Heritage Study.

URS 2012b Hedon Haven Evidence Base. Heritage and Landscape Parameter Study.

Hedon Haven January 2014 Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment 54 East Riding of Yorkshire Council Hedon Haven Evidence Base

FIGURES

Hedon Haven January 2014 Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment 55 Plot Date: File Name:

This document has been prepared in accordance with the scope of URS' appointment with its client and is subject to the terms of that appointment. URS accepts no liability for any use of this document other than by its client and only for the purpose for which it was prepared and provided. Only written dimensions shall be used. © URS Infrastructure & Environment UK Limited

Hull Road (A1033)

HAV2 Hedon

Hedon Bypass (A1033) edon Ha H ve n

/

B n u k Drai r stwic

BP Chemical Works

HAV2 HAV1

ad Ro Paull to Hedon

Key

HAV1/2 proposed allocation Paull (LDO) site Hedon Haven North site River Humber Hedon Haven South site Paull

Drawing Title Scale @ A4 1:10,000 Paull LDO Drawn Checked Approved Figure 1 GB NS NS Plan showing components Date Rev 23.09.13 0 of the proposed HAV1/2 Allocation, Drawing Number www.ursglobal.com and associated features 47062982/FIGURE1 See Figure 2A Key N

Site boundaries 5 km buffer from site boundaries

Scheduled Ancient Monuments

Grade I Listed Buildings

Grade II* Listed Buildings

Grade II Listed Buildings

Conservation Areas

Registered Park and Garden - East Park, Hull

Copyright Reproduced from Ordnance Survey digital map data (c) Crown copyright 2012. All rights reserved. Licence number 0100031673

Project Title Drawing Title Purpose of issue FINAL URS Infrastructure & Environment UK Limited WESTONE HEDON HAVEN FIGURE 2 Designed Drawn Checked Approved Date CLH CLH AJ AC 25.07.12 Wellington Street URS Internal Project No. Suitability Leeds, LS1 1BA Tel: (0113) 204 5000 Client DESIGNATED HERITAGE ASSETS 47062982 Drawing Number Rev Fax: (0113) 204 5001 Scale @ A3 Zone / Mileage By www.ursglobal.com Revision Details Date Suffix EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE COUNCIL Check NTS See Figure 3A

Key N

Site boundaries 1 km buffer from site boundaries

Non-designated Archaeological Assets

Prehistoric

Palaeolithic

Neolithic

Bronze Age

Iron Age

Roman

Early medieval

Medieval

Post-medieval

Modern

Undated/Unknown

Copyright Reproduced from Ordnance Survey digital map data (c) Crown copyright 2012. All rights reserved. Licence number 0100031673

Project Title Drawing Title Purpose of issue FINAL URS Infrastructure & Environment UK Limited WESTONE HEDON HAVEN FIGURE 3 Designed Drawn Checked Approved Date CLH CLH AJ AC 25.07.12 Wellington Street URS Internal Project No. Suitability Leeds, LS1 1BA Tel: (0113) 204 5000 Client NON-DESIGNATED HERITAGE ASSETS 47062982 Drawing Number Rev Fax: (0113) 204 5001 Scale @ A3 Zone / Mileage By www.ursglobal.com Revision Details Date Suffix EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE COUNCIL Check NTS Church of All Saints

Hedon Conservation Area

St Augustine's Church

Hedon Medieval Town

Key N

Site boundaries Hedon Haven Scheduled Ancient Monuments Conservation Area Grade I Listed Buildings

Conservation Areas

Zone A

Zone B

Zone C

Zone D

Paull Conservation Area

St Andrew's Church

Copyright Reproduced from Ordnance Survey digital map data (c) Crown copyright 2012. All rights reserved. Licence number 0100031673

Project Title Drawing Title Purpose of issue URS Infrastructure & Environment UK Limited HEDON HAVEN FINAL WESTONE CULTURAL HERITAGE FIGURE 4 Designed Drawn Checked Approved Date AJ Wellington Street IMPACT ASSESSMENT AREAS OF THE SITE THAT CONTRIBUTE AC IC AC 11.12.13 URS Internal Project No. Suitability Leeds, LS1 1BA Tel: (0113) 204 5000 Client TO THE SETTING OF HERITAGE ASSETS 47062982 Drawing Number Rev Fax: (0113) 204 5001 Scale @ A3 Zone / Mileage By COMPOSITE www.ursglobal.com Revision Details Date Suffix EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE COUNCIL Check NTS Church of All Saints

Hedon Conservation Area

St Augustine's Church

Hedon Medieval Town

Key N

Site boundaries Hedon Haven Scheduled Ancient Monuments Conservation Area Grade I Listed Buildings

Conservation Areas

Zone A

Paull Conservation Area

St Andrew's Church

Copyright Reproduced from Ordnance Survey digital map data (c) Crown copyright 2012. All rights reserved. Licence number 0100031673

Project Title Drawing Title Purpose of issue URS Infrastructure & Environment UK Limited HEDON HAVEN FINAL WESTONE CULTURAL HERITAGE FIGURE 5 Designed Drawn Checked Approved Date AJ Wellington Street IMPACT ASSESSMENT AREAS OF THE SITE THAT CONTRIBUTE AC IC AC 11.12.13 URS Internal Project No. Suitability Leeds, LS1 1BA Tel: (0113) 204 5000 Client TO THE SETTING OF HERITAGE ASSETS 47062982 Drawing Number Rev Fax: (0113) 204 5001 Scale @ A3 Zone / Mileage By ZONE A www.ursglobal.com Revision Details Date Suffix EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE COUNCIL Check NTS Church of All Saints

Hedon Conservation Area

St Augustine's Church

Hedon Medieval Town

Key N

Site boundaries Hedon Haven Scheduled Ancient Monuments Conservation Area Grade I Listed Buildings

Conservation Areas

Zone B

Paull Conservation Area

St Andrew's Church

Copyright Reproduced from Ordnance Survey digital map data (c) Crown copyright 2012. All rights reserved. Licence number 0100031673

Project Title Drawing Title Purpose of issue URS Infrastructure & Environment UK Limited HEDON HAVEN FINAL WESTONE CULTURAL HERITAGE FIGURE 6 Designed Drawn Checked Approved Date AJ Wellington Street IMPACT ASSESSMENT AREAS OF THE SITE THAT CONTRIBUTE AC IC AC 11.12.13 URS Internal Project No. Suitability Leeds, LS1 1BA Tel: (0113) 204 5000 Client TO THE SETTING OF HERITAGE ASSETS 47062982 Drawing Number Rev Fax: (0113) 204 5001 Scale @ A3 Zone / Mileage By ZONE B www.ursglobal.com Revision Details Date Suffix EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE COUNCIL Check NTS Church of All Saints

Hedon Conservation Area

St Augustine's Church

Hedon Medieval Town

Key N

Site boundaries Hedon Haven Scheduled Ancient Monuments Conservation Area Grade I Listed Buildings

Conservation Areas

Zone C

Paull Conservation Area

St Andrew's Church

Copyright Reproduced from Ordnance Survey digital map data (c) Crown copyright 2012. All rights reserved. Licence number 0100031673

Project Title Drawing Title Purpose of issue URS Infrastructure & Environment UK Limited HEDON HAVEN FINAL WESTONE CULTURAL HERITAGE FIGURE 7 Designed Drawn Checked Approved Date AJ Wellington Street IMPACT ASSESSMENT AREAS OF THE SITE THAT CONTRIBUTE AC IC AC 11.12.13 URS Internal Project No. Suitability Leeds, LS1 1BA Tel: (0113) 204 5000 Client TO THE SETTING OF HERITAGE ASSETS 47062982 Drawing Number Rev Fax: (0113) 204 5001 Scale @ A3 Zone / Mileage By ZONE C www.ursglobal.com Revision Details Date Suffix EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE COUNCIL Check NTS Church of All Saints

Hedon Conservation Area

St Augustine's Church

Hedon Medieval Town

Key N

Site boundaries Hedon Haven Scheduled Ancient Monuments Conservation Area Grade I Listed Buildings

Conservation Areas

Zone D

Paull Conservation Area

St Andrew's Church

Copyright Reproduced from Ordnance Survey digital map data (c) Crown copyright 2012. All rights reserved. Licence number 0100031673

Project Title Drawing Title Purpose of issue URS Infrastructure & Environment UK Limited HEDON HAVEN FINAL WESTONE CULTURAL HERITAGE FIGURE 8 Designed Drawn Checked Approved Date AJ Wellington Street IMPACT ASSESSMENT AREAS OF THE SITE THAT CONTRIBUTE AC IC AC 11.12.13 URS Internal Project No. Suitability Leeds, LS1 1BA Tel: (0113) 204 5000 Client TO THE SETTING OF HERITAGE ASSETS 47062982 Drawing Number Rev Fax: (0113) 204 5001 Scale @ A3 Zone / Mileage By ZONE D www.ursglobal.com Revision Details Date Suffix EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE COUNCIL Check NTS