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Aquaculture Biotechnology Symposium Proceedings Aquaculture Biotechnology Symposium Proceedings Edward M. Donaldson Don D. MacKin lay 9..tellr4tio;W eo~ie;~i ~ g>~ ~ '9~ San FranciscoState Univers;d" Julv 14-18. 1996 Aquaculture, biotechnology: symposium procee)dings. Aquaculture Biotechnology Symposium Proceedings Edward M. Donaldson Don D. MacKinlay ! ~ 'J~ ~ a.. de ~ ~7i44e4 San Francisco State University Ju/y 14-18,1996. DEPARTMENT OP FISHERIES I: OCI!ANS FlSHDIUES MANAGEMENT REGIONAL lIBllA1Y 555 WEST HASTINGS STIEET VANCOuvu. ..Co V6B5G3 Copyright © 1996 Physiology Section, American Fisheries Society All rights reserved InternatioIllll Standard Book Number (ISBN) 0-9698631-0-4 Notice This publication is made up of camera-ready, extended abstracts submitted by the authors without peer review or line editing, and therefore the papers in the volume should not be cited as primary literature. Since much of this work has beel1lr will be published in the primary literature, please contact the authors if you are Interested im proper citation for their work. The quality of the papers printed here, both scientifically and typographically, are the sole responsibility of the authors. The Physiology Section of the American Fisheries Society offers this compilation of papers in the interests of information exchange only, ad makes no claim as to the validity of the conclusions or recommendatioa presented in the papers. For extra copies of this Symposium, or the nine Symposia in the Congress series, contact: Don MacKinlay, SEP DFO, 555 West Hastings Sl,Van",uver BC V6B 5G3 Caeada Phone: 604-666-3520 Fax 604-666-6894 E-mail: mackinlayd@mailhost_pac.dfo.ca Orders;' Make cheques payable to AFS Physiology SectiOD Cost: 1 volume - 25$US; set of 9 volumes - $50 . -'"": . ;., :.' PREFACE Aquaculture now accounts for over 20% of the world production of fish for human co.nsumption. The Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research has recently predicted that "within 15 years fish farming and sea ranching could provide more than 40% of all fish for the human diet and more than half of the value of the global fish catch" (CGIAR 1995). The world is in a state of transition from the hooting and gathering offish to the production offish by aquaculture. A number of factors including the continued inexorable growth in world population and advances in fishing technology have placed unsustainable pressures on wild fish stocks. Recent data from the Food and Agriculture Organi2B.tion of the United Nations provides clear evidence that the global wild fishery reached a maximum level in 1989 and has since declined. The shift to increased dependence on aquaculture to provide high quality fish for human consumption places an onus on governments, researchers and farmers to develop efficient, economic and sustainable aquaculture production systems for a wide variety of species which are adapted to specific aquatic conditions. It is unlikely that finfish production will ever be narrowed down to the 4 or 5 mammalian or avian species that dominate agricultural production; in fact the number of finfish species under cultivation continues to expand and species - specific research and development is required in each case. Biotechnology has played an important role in the growth of aquaculture to its present state of development. and we can anticipate that biotechnology has the potential to revolutionize fish culture as we know it over the next decade or so. Biotechnology has two major roles in aquaculture: it can improve the economic efficiency of aquaculture and it can also contribute to the sustainability of aquaculture and the protection of wild stocks. The responsible and appropriate application of biotechnology will enable the development of sustainable aquaculture and facilitate the concurrent maintenance of wild stocks for their commercial, recreational and inherent aesthetic value. In this Aquaculture Biotechnology Symposiwn of the American Fisheries Society Physiology Section, we have brought together a series of papers from the Americas, Asia and Africa which cover several aspects of current research on aquaculture biotechnology. The papers have been grouped. by topic. The first is the key topic of gamete quality and cryopreservation. Sperm cryopreservation technology is of importance for the development of gene banks both as an insurance policy for the conservation of biodiversity in wild stocks and also as a means of assisting aquaculture by: storage of valuable sperm (e.g. monosex) for future use, transport of sperm. allowing hybridization between species with differing spawning seasons, etc. The second and largest group of papers Covers the topics of sex differentiation, sex control and chromosome set manipulation. It is increasingly recognized that in a given species either one sex or the other offers advantages for aquaculture through such characteristics as increased growth, higher market value, or later sexual maturation. In other species or situations it may be desirable to produce sterile fish through the development of monosex female triploids. This technology will be of particular importance for the reproductive containment of genetically-modified aquatic organisms such as transgenics. In the section on reproduction and growth, there is a single paper on changes in gonadotropin and 3 somatotropin during reproductive development in a catfish. TIlls is followed by a section on transgenics. Transgenic fish promise to revolutionize both cold water and tropical aquaculture in the early part of the third millenniwu as early progress in sa.l.m.onids is being followed by technology development in species such as tilapia. Another key area both for aquaculture and for the management of wild fish stocks is the development of molecu1ar techniques for stock and species identification and for the tracing of offspring to parents in selection programs. The volume closes with several papers on molecular biology, including a paper on the DNA based immunization of sahnon and a paper on major histocompatability complex genes in rainbow trout. We wish to to thank Francesc Piferrer for serving as a cont,act person for the Symposium. Edward M. Donaldson. F .R.S.C. Don D. MacKinlay Science Branch Salmonid Enhancement Program Fisheries and Oceans Canada Fisheries and Oceans Canada CONGRESS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This Symposium is part of the International Congress on the Biology of Fishes. whose main sponsors were the Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO). the US National BiolOgical Service (NBS) and San Francisco State University (SFSU). The main organizers of the Congress, on behalf of the Physiology Section of the American Fisheries Society, were Alec Maule of NBS (chair), Don MacKinlay ofDFO (program aod proceedings) aod Ralph Larson ofSFSU (local anangements). I would like to extend a sincere 'thank you' to the many contributors who took the time to prepare a written submission for these proceedings. Your efforts are very m~ch appreciated. Don MacKiolay 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS Gamete Quality and Cryopresenraton Use of flow cytometry and molecu1ar probes to assess sperm quality prior to cryopreservation. Cloud, JG and CA Kersten . ................................................ 9 Collection, storage and cryopreservation of sperm from endangered razorback suckers. Figiel, CR. TTiersch, WWayman, OGorman,JWilliamsonandGCarmichaei " ... 13 Sex Differentiation, Sex Control and Chromosome Set Manipulation Regulation of estrogen receptor gene activity in channel catfish: relation to timing of gonadal sex differentiation., chromosomal sex constitution and exogenous steroid treatment. Patino, R, XZhengfangand KB Davis ...................................... 19 Growth and body composition of sibling male and female channel catfish with the XY sex genotype. Davis, KB. BA Simco and CA Goudie . .............................. 21 Sex-linkage of isocitrate dehydrogenase and genetic linkage of mannose phosphate isomerase and glucosephosphate isomerase in ictalurid catfish. Liu, Q, CA Goudie, BA Simco and KB Davis ................................. 25 Masculinization of nile Tilapia by short-teITIl immersion in methyldihydrotestosterone. Gale. WL, MS Fitzpatrick and CB Schreck ................................... 29 Sex reversal in mud loach by -immersion. Nam, YK; JY Jo, CG Kim and DS Kim ...................................... 31 The influence of triploidy and heat and hydrostatic pressure shocks on the growth and reproductive development of perch reared to adult size under selected environmental conditions. Malison, JA, JA Held, MAR Garcia-Abiado and LS Procarione ......... 37 Production of all-female diploid and triploid olive flounder. Jeong, CH and DS Kim .................................................. 49 Reproduction and Growth The secretion of gonadotropin and growth hOITIlone in the bagrid catfish with different reproductive stages. Lin, HR. DS Wang and HJl' Goos ......................... 57 Transgenic Fish Characterization of a transgenic tilapia line with accelerated growth. Guillen, I, el al. ....................................................... 63 5 Stock and Species Identification Use of multi-locus DNA fingerprinting for strain identification in channel catfish. Bosworth. BG and WR Wolters ............................................ 75 Characterization of channel catfish populations using microsatellite loci. Waldbieser. GC and BG Bosworth ......................................... 81 Utility of ribosomal DMA ITS2 for deriving shark species-diagnostic identification markers. Shivjl: M, C Tagliaro. L Natanson,
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