Archaeological No. 51 ISSN 0701-1176 Fall 2010

| Contents |

Introduction 10 Alberta Archaeological Field-Work News 2009 1 2 Provincial Society Officers 2009-2010 Provincial Reports 1 News 20 ASA President's 2009-2010 Year End Review 3 Editor's Note 22 Regional Annual Reports 2009-2010 3 President's Note 28 AGM Minutes from the 35th Annual Meeting and 4 New Provincial Coordinator Financial Statements 4 List of ASA Occasional Papers Announcements Features 31 Order form for ASA Occasional Papers 5 Alberta Archaeologists in the Caribbean 32 ASA Annual Meeting "Call For Papers" 7 Book Review - First Peoples in a New World: 32 Volunteers - Experience Archaeology in the Colonizing Ice Age America Caribbean 1 ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ALBERTA Charter #2805, registered under the Societies Act of Alberta on February 7, 1975

PROVINCIAL SOCIETY OFFICERS 2009-2010 LETHBRIDGE CENTRE: ***& FO^ President: Jim McMurchy President: Joanne Braaten 97 Eton Road West 31037 Morgans View Lethbridge AB T1K4T9 Calgary AB T3Z 0A5 Phone:403-381-2655 Phone: 403-239-3970 [email protected] [email protected] Provincial Rep: Dr. Shawn Bubel Past Presidents: Elizabeth Mann [email protected] [email protected] RED DEER CENTRE: Leila Grobel President: Jean Kaufmann [email protected] 5253 53rd Street Lacombe, ABT4L1H8 Executive Secretary Jim McMurchy Phone: 403-358-0736 Treasurer 97 Eton Road West [email protected] Lethbridge, AB T1K4T9 Phone:403-381-2655 Provincial Rep: N/A [email protected] SOUTH EASTERN ALBERTA ARCHAEOLOGICAL Provincial Coordinator Lauren Copithorne SOCIETY: 50161 Twp Rd 252 President: Ian McLaughlin Calgary, Alberta T3Z 2S5 Box 113, Phone: (H) 403-932-1236 Medicine Hat, AB Tl A 7E8 (C) 403-998-5572 [email protected] [email protected] Provincial Rep: Janice Andreas Alberta Archaeological Dr. Daniel Meyer [email protected] Review Editor Lifeways of Canada Limited 107, 811 Manning RdNE STRATHCONA CENTRE: Calgary, Alberta T2E 7L4 President: George Chalut Phone: 403-730-9461 14716-65 Street dan @ life way so fcanada. com Edmonton AB T5A2E1 Phone:780-431-2329 ASA Website www.arkyalberta.com [email protected] Provincial Rep: Christine Grekul

Alberta Archaeological Review REGIONAL CENTRES & MEMBER SOCIETIES Editor: Dr. Daniel Meyer ([email protected]) BODO ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY: Layout & Design: E. Anne English (eaenglish@ shaw.ca) Distribution: Andrea Richardson (andrea.richardson@ shaw.ca) President: Kim Larson Printer: JBDigital (jbdl@ shawbiz.ca) P.O. Box 183 Provost, AB T0C1B0 Members of the Archaeological Society of Alberta of Alberta receive a copy of the Alberta Archaeological Review. Non-members and institutions Provincial Rep: N/A may subscribe to the AAR for $15 per calendar year. Cheques should be made payable to the Alberta Archaeological Review and sent to: Andrea Richardson, Historical Resource Management Ltd., 27 Berkshire Rd. N.W., Calgary, AB, T3K 2A1 CALGARY CENTRE: President: Brian Vivian The AAR welcomes submissions concerning Alberta archaeology or of 48 Cumberland Drive NW special interest to practicing or avocational archaeologists in Alberta. Calgary, AB T2K 1T1 Contributions may be submitted to the AAR Editor via e-mail in MS Word Phone: 403-276-5910 formatting. Please contact the Editor for information of formatting, etc. Vivian @ life way so fcanada. com The Editor reserves the right to send out all submissions for review.

Provincial Rep: Sheila Johnston Communications regarding membership in the Archaeological Society of [email protected] Alberta or other Society matters should be addressed to the Executive Secretary/Treasurer at the address given above.

Provincial Rep Alternate: Pete Truch Views expressed in the AAR are those of the writers and do not necessarily [email protected] reflect those of the Archaeological Society of Alberta. We welcome healthy debate.

Our Cover: Amber Allen with Hearth Feature Two at EfPi-16. See page 13 for more details.

2 The Alberta Archaeological Review Editor's Note By Dr. Daniel Meyer

We are pleased to present the latest edition of the Review, publication. We plan to produce the next Review for distri­ showcasing the people and events of the Archaeological bution in early 2011. With this in mind, we are soliciting Society of Alberta and archaeologists working in, or from, submissions for the next issue by November 30, 2010. Given Alberta in the past year. As you have likely already noticed, my familiarity with the consulting community, I will have we have decided to make some design and layout changes to the Review, primarily in a change to white paper and the little problem pestering that portion of the membership for addition of some colour to help bring the publication into the contributions. However, other members should feel free at 21st century. We plan to add more colour as time goes on, any time to send in article submissions, ideas for content, or but in the meantime, please let us know what you think of the the names of people who you think I should hunt down for changes, we hope you like them. articles or stories that would benefit everyone in the ASA.

Hopefully you will also find in the future that the Review is Enjoy the latest edition, and we look forward to presenting back on track, as we attempt to return to a regular schedule of another colourful edition in the months to come.

President's Note By Joanne Braaten

It is with great pride that I write this note. As you may or Incorporation of the ASA may not have heard by now, I have accepted a second term as Dr. John Dormaar 1975 President of the Archaeological Society of Alberta. I firmly Dave Coutts 1976 believe that in doing so, with the assistance of a very suppor­ Dave Coutts 1977 tive executive, we will be able to provide an increased level Dr. Laurie Milne Brumley 1978 of continuity for the ASA. There are new projects underway, Jim Carpenter 1979 as well as long term goals that the ASA has set and is con­ Dave Coutts 1980 tinually working towards achieving. Nick Sheptycki 1981 John Brumley 1982 I look forward to the challenge and I believe the ASA execu­ Grant Weber 1983 tive is up for the tasks at hand. Please feel free to contact me Dr. John Dormaar 1984 or any member of the executive if you have some suggestions Janice Andreas 1985 or concerns. Beth Macintosh 1986 Claudette Chadsey 1987 The ASA was initially founded in September 1960, then John Brumley 1988 incorporated in 1975, and since that time there have been 50 Dr. Brian Reeves 1989 years of individuals holding the position as president. When Dr. Brian Reeves 1990 Dr. Richard Forbis held the position in 1961, it was referred Dr. Brian Reeves 1991 to as the Provisional Chairman, then evolved into the Presi­ Morris Burroughs 1992 dent the following year. Ned Toole 1993 Barry Wood 1994 Here is a listing of 50 years of ASA Presidents Janice Andreas 1995 Dr. Ron Goodman 1996 Early Years of the ASA Morris Burroughs 1997 Dr. Richard Forbis 1961 tol963 George Chalut 1998 A. J. Drysdale 1963 Neil Mirau 1999 Dr. Grayson Meade 1964 Marshall Dzurko 2000 Ernie Harvie (Honourary Pres) 1965 Marshall Dzurko 2001 Jeanne Cody 1966 Marshall Dzurko 2002 Dennis Gibson 1967 Kate Chapman 2003 Dr. John Westgate 1968 Dr. Shawn Bubel 2004 Terry Dafoe 1969 Dr. Shawn Bubel 2005 Denis Gibson 1969 Brian Vivian 2006 Lawrence D. Halmrast 1970 Janice Andreas 2007 John Nicks 1971 Elizabeth Mann/Leila Grobel 2008 Dave Coutts 1972 Joanne Braaten 2009 Art G. Randall 1973 Joanne Braaten 2010 Jim Warke 1974

No. 51 2010 3 New Provincial Coordinator By Joanne Braaten

On behalf of the ASA I would like to take this opportunity to formerly introduce and welcome Lauren Copithorne as our Provincial Coordinator for the ASA. Lauren began her posi­ tion with the executive in February 2010 and we wish her every success in this new endeavor. I personally feel very excited about Lauren's position and what she will be able to bring to the ASA in terms of growth and development.

Lauren is to coordinate Field Trips, Speaker Series, Work­ shops, Conferences, the AGM, and even Special Projects that may arise with each of the six ASA Centres, as well as act as a liaison for the Provincial Society with the goal of providing increased continuity. Lauren will be attending at least one monthly and/or executive meeting throughout the year for each of the Centres in order to stay abreast of current events. Lauren has been making every effort to create a database of event suggestions and contact information and is currently working on creating an ASA Travel Kit that may be utilized for educational purposes. Lauren will also make every effort to gather information for the webpage in an attempt keep the details as up-to-date as possible. Lauren Copithorne

Lauren attended the University of Calgary where she cattle ranch. Besides archaeology, she works in land recla­ received a B.Sc. in Archaeology. Lauren has a specific inter­ mation and is a western riding instructor for people of all est in Plains Archaeology. Upon graduation she worked at ages. In her spare time Lauren enjoys rodeos, barrel racing, FMA Heritage Inc. for nearly 2 years. Lauren lives south­ skiing, tennis, yoga, and yes, even golfing. west of Cochrane along the Jumping Pound Creek on a large

Occasional Papers of the Archaeological Society of Alberta

These are published by the Society and fill the vacuum left by the discontinuance of the "Blue Series" published by the Archaeological Survey of Alberta. The present series is in the capable hands of Dr. Brian Reeves and Ms. Joanne Braaten, Editors. Ten volumes have now been published.

To order, please contact Joanne at [email protected] or 403-239-3970 or fill in order form included and mail to address provided.

Head, T., W. Unfreed, and L. Gorham. 2003 (April). Saahkomaapina (Boy Chief) - EeOv-68. Number 1. Walde, D. A., 2003 (November). The Mortlach Phase. Number 2. Landals, A., B. Kulle, and D. Cockle. 2004 (April). The Miniota Site: An Avonlea Component in Southwestern Manitoba. Number 3. Unfreed, W., and S. Van Dyke. 2004 (November). Archaeological Investigations at the Junction Site (DkPi-2). Number 4. Clarke Green, D. 2005 (May). A Re-Evaluation of the Oxbow Dam Site (DhMn-1): Middle Holocene Cultural Continuity on the Northern Plains. Number 5. Dau, B. 2005 (May). Oldman River Dam Stone Features Study Prehistoric Archaeology Mitigation Program Technical Series. Number 6. Vivian. B., A. Dow, and B.O.K. Reeves. 2006 (April). Historical Resource Impact Assessment and Conservation Excavations at Cougar Ridge Off-Site Sewer Services. Number 7. Laureen Bryant. 2007 (April). Long Creek Site Revisited. Number 8. Stanley Van Dyke. 2008 (April). Oldman River Dam Prehistoric Archaeology Mitigation Program Campsites Study. Number 9. Alison Landals. 2009 (April). Oldman River Dam Prehistoric Archaeology Mitigation Program Killsites Study. Number 10.

4 The Alberta Archaeological Review FEATURES

Alberta Archaeologists in the Caribbean By Margarita de Guzman, Iosif Moravetz, and Dr. Richard Callaghan

Reporting of prehistoric archaeological sites began on the island of St. Vincent in the early 1900s. Investigations con­ tinued increasing in significance, albeit in sparse quantities throughout the 20th century. (Fewkes 1922; Kirby 1969; Bullen & Bullen 1972; Allaire & Duval 1995; Duval 1996; Moravetz 1999; Murphy et al 2003; Callaghan 2007; Mo­ ravetz & Callaghan 2009). Since 2000 teams led by Dr. Rich­ ard Callaghan of the University of Calgary have furthered the understanding of occupation and settlement in the southeast region of the island, conducting surveys, auger testing, test excavations, and a GPR study. In more recent years St. Vincent has been confirmed to be an island rich in archae­ ology, with significant findings from excavations in 2009 and 2010. Much of this archaeology is now under threat, being within development boundaries for the future international airport. Because of this a public archaeology program has been organized in an attempt to rescue and record a highly significant site (please visit www.svgdigs.com and see the advertisement on back page of this issue for more informa­ tion).

For nearly four decades feasibility studies were conducted for accommodating the landing of large passenger and commer­ cial jet planes on the island of St. Vincent in St. Vincent and the Grenadines (SVG). These addressed the options of ex­ panding the existing airport or building a new one of interna­ tional standards. The characteristic rugged tereain of St. Vincent, however, limited the number of choice locations. In 2004 the International Airport Development Company Figure 1: Location of the future international airport on the (IADC) announced development plans for construction of the international airport at Argyle, and in 2008 an Environmental island of St. Vincent in the Caribbean. Impact Assessment (EIA) was prepared by Kocks Consulting GmbH. With the advocacy of the SVG National Trust, the ducted by the University of Leiden). Excavations at the Es­ EIA included recommendations for archaeological mitigation. cape Site resulted in the discovery of 36 human burials, one The SVG National Trust convinced the IADC of the benefits with stone tools and personal adornment, a large quantity of that would arise from conducting a mitigation at Escape, and pottery, and over 700 features, most of them postholes of were successful in their commitment to preserve heritage sites varying diameters. Preliminary results show seven possible throughout SVG (Figure 1). structures, two of which are distinctly oval and one that is a rectangular longhouse measuring approximately 36 m by 5.5 For two months in early 2009, staff of Bison Historical m. Structures of this style have not been documented any­ Services Ltd. conducted archaeological excavations at the site where else in the Caribbean. of Escape, Argyle. Work at this site continued for a period of three weeks in 2010 by representatives of the University of Construction activities relating to the Argyle International Calgary, headed by Dr. Richard Callaghan. Work at the Airport will likely reach the Escape Site by December of Escape Site proved to be highly significant both in archaeo­ 2010. Another site, Argyle 2, appears to be of similar signifi­ logical terms, as well as in historical terms, for the people of cance and similarly rich in features, artifacts, and human St. Vincent. remains. Argyle 2, which encompasses the current IADC office, extends from the coast one kilometre inland and half a The 2009 and 2010 mitigative excavations represent one of kilometre north to south. Given the recent construction activi­ the most substantial archaeological excavations undertaken on ties within Argyle 2, numerous artifacts are identifiable on the St. Vincent to date (excavations have now also been con- surface. These include ceramics, stone tools, beads, and food

No. 51 2010 5 St. Vincent to at least the Saladoid period, and would confirm St. Vincent to be rich in both archaeology and in cultural heritage.

Given the fact that the Argyle 2 Site will be destroyed by construction activities for the international airport, a public archaeology program was set up to record as much of the site as possible prior to its complete destruction. As time is lim­ ited and funding highly inadequate, a volunteer archaeology program has been envisioned. Having volunteers on the site will raise the number of person hours per day worked, and volunteers' excavation fees will raise funds to help implement a professionally run archaeological program. At the same time, funds will be raised for the Argyle International Airport Contributory Fund, both to give thanks to the people of SVG and the IADC for allowing us to continue work in such an archaeologically rich nation, as well as to provide support for the continued development of the country.

While archaeological research in St. Vincent has been con­ ducted throughout the last century, investigations were gener­ ally limited to finds of a scattered nature. Only recently have intact remains of long-term occupation been identified. Thanks in large part to the IADC, mitigative excavations in 2009 were highly significant in terms of their findings. This work continued into 2010, but the site will inevitably be destroyed. The Argyle 2 Site, with similar preliminary find­ ings, appears to be highly significant in adding to the archaeo­ logical database of St. Vincent, as well as the Caribbean as a whole. It is hoped that the success of the public archaeology program will further contribute to the understanding of this > ] small but significant island nation. Photo by Jode MacKay & IADC *This project is affiliated with Iosif Moravetz of Bison Figure 2: Postholes at the Escape Site, indicating the presence Historical Services Ltd. and Dr. Richard Callaghan of the of a longhouse. University of Calgary, who have both worked extensively in St. Vincent in the last decade. The project itself will be run remains indicating that occupation spans from the Saladoid by previous team members, including Margarita de Guzman period to Colonial and present times. In St. Vincent, Saladoid of Circle CRM Group Inc., Jode MacKay, an independent sites at Kingstown Post Office, Buccament West, and Arnos consultant, and Taylor Graham, also of Bison Historical Vale have provided uncalibrated radiocarbon dates of A.D. Services Ltd. None of these projects would have been possi­ 160, A.D. 285, and A.D. 410 respectively. This means that ble without the hard work and perseverance of Kathy Martin Argyle 2 is potentially close to 2,000 years old. of the SVG National Trust, and the kindness of Dr. Rudy Matthias (and other Board members) of the IADC. The SVG In a small area north of the current IADC office where the top National Trust had been instrumental in 'rescuing' artifacts soil has already been stripped, numerous postholes were iden­ from destruction from other developments throughout St. tified, some of which are similar to those at the Escape Site. Vincent, and were leading proponents for the work at the These also appear to be in a linear formation and may, in fact, Escape Site. represent a second longhouse at St. Vincent (Figure 2). Two burials were also identified, one of which appears to be that of References a human in a flexed position, similar to burials found at the Allaire, L., and D. Duval. Escape Site. 1995 St. Vincent Revisited. Proceedings of the XV Inter­ national Congress for Caribbean Archaeology, 715- These preliminary findings are highly significant. As men­ 728. International Association for Caribbean Archae­ tioned, longhouses have not been previously documented in ology: Curagao. the Caribbean. The longhouse identified at the Escape Site is the first structure of its kind discovered in this area. Should Bullen, R. P., and A. K. Bullen. we identify a second longhouse at Argyle 2, we can derive 1972 Archaeological Investigations on St. Vincent and the more detailed information as to the origin and function of this Grenadines West Indies. American Studies, Report type of structure. Given that the Escape Site is the first large- Number Eight. The William Bryant Foundation, scale mitigation of its kind in St. Vincent, the mitigation of a Orlando. second and similar site could confirm continued occupation at

6 The Alberta Archaeological Review Callaghan, R. Moravetz, I. 2007 Prehistoric Settlement Patterns on St. Vincent. 1999 Imaging Adornos: Classification and Iconography of Caribbean Journal of Science, 43 (1), 14-26. Saladoid Adornos from St. Vincent West Indies. Un­ published MA thesis. Department of Anthropology, Duval, D.T. University of Manitoba: Winnipeg. 1996 Saladoid Archaeology on St. Vincent, West Indies: Results of the 1993/1994 University of Manitoba Moravetz, I. and R. Callaghan Survey. Unpublished MA thesis. Department of 2009 Archaeological Impact Mitigation at Escape, St. Anthropology, University of Manitoba: Winnipeg. Vincent and the Grenadines. Presentation at the 23rd Congress of the International Association for Carib­ Fewkes, J. W. bean Archaeology June 29 to July 3, 2009. Antigua. 1922 A Prehistoric Island Culture of America. Thirty- Fourth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Murphy R., B. Cripps and N. Murphy. Ethnology, pp 35-281. Washington, D.C. 2003 Cultural Assessment of the St. Vincent Cross Island Road Project. Unpublished consultants report sub­ Kir by, E. mitted to Ivor Jackson and Associates. Report on 1969 Pre-historic Monuments in Stone. The St. Vincent file at Ivor Jackson and Associates, Cobbs Cross, Archaeological and Historical Society: Kingstown: Antigua, West Indies. St. Vincent.

1970 The Pre-Columbian Stone Monuments of St. Vincent. Proceedings of the III International Con­ gress for the Study of the Pre-Columbian Cultures of the Lesser Antilles, pp 114-128. Gainesville.

BOOK REVIEW

First Peoples in a New World: Colonizing Ice Age America ByDavidJ.Meltzer2009 University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London, xviii, 446 pp, 64 figures (maps, diagrams and black and white photographs), 16 colour plates, 11 Tables, Further Reading, Notes, References, Index, Hardcover, 19 X 26 X 4 cm. Reviewed by Eugene M. Gryba, Calgary, Alberta

First Peoples in a New World is a revision of the writer's In Chapter 1, Overture, Meltzer introduces the reader to earlier 1993 publication Search for the First Americans. The various topics explored in the remaining chapters. He also author is Henderson-Morrison Professor of Prehistory in the briefly touches on the Late Pleistocene environment of North Department of Anthropology at Southern Methodist Univer­ America and Eurasia, and the Late Paleolithic archaeology of sity. He draws on the latest findings from a variety of the latter as he believes this is when the first colonists arrived disciplines including geology, genetics, linguistics, physical in the New World via the Bering Land Bridge that was cre­ anthropology, and archaeology, as well as a wealth of ated when sea levels were lower. personal experiences, to present a "fresh look" at the pre- Columbian settlement of the Americas. The writer notes that it was the Folsom and Clovis discoveries that had established the fact that people had been in the New The current edition contains a Preface, Acknowledgements, World since at least the Late Pleistocene. He also briefly 10 chapters, Further Reading, Notes, References and an In­ describes the decade-long quest by archaeologists to find dex. In the Preface Meltzer points out that the book is built "pre-Clovis" sites, a search that was finally rewarded in 1997 on two interlocking themes. One theme revolves around who by the discovery of the Monte Verde site in Chile. Dated to were the first immigrants, where they came from, what route around 12,500 C-14 BP, Monte Verde demonstrated beyond or routes they had followed to get to the Americas and travel question that people were in the Americas some 1,500 years within them, and what were the environmental conditions at prior to Clovis. the time of their arrival. The other theme focuses on how archaeologists reach the interpretations they do, that is, what There is also a section in Chapter 1 on conventional radio­ methods they use when they try to answer any of the above carbon dating as well as on the Accelerator Mass Spectrome­ questions. try method that requires a much smaller sample for dating

No. 51 2010 7 purposes. Meltzer uses a chart to illustrate how radiocarbon ologists, of which he was a member, examined the recovered dates for the period from 7,400 BP to 18,000 BP compare artifacts and observed the site setting first hand. He also with calibrated ones that were determined through tree ring acknowledges that questions remain amongst some research­ studies. ers as to Monte Verde's pre-Clovis age.

In Chapter 2, The Landscape of Colonization, through narra­ The author also briefly mentions the Taima-Taima site in tive, maps and charts, Meltzer describes the Late Pleistocene Venezuela where thick narrow lanceolate points similar to landscape of North America. Among the topics covered here those recovered at Monte Verde were discovered with masto­ are the extent of glaciation and the variety of large mammals don remains. He writes that the 12,980 to 14,200 BP radio­ that were present. He also writes about the changes in topog­ carbon dates for Taima-Taima, have also been questioned. He raphy, climate, and vegetation that occurred during the Late further notes that none of the nearly 20 recently discovered Glacial Maximum throughout the continent. prospective pre-Clovis sites in North America have yet been fully reported on. There is no mention of the two Santa Isabel In Chapter 3, From Paleoliths to Paleoindians, the author de­ Iztapan sites in Mexico, where point types quite different tails the various attempts since the late 1700s to explain from from Clovis were recovered with mammoth remains. where the indigenous inhabitants of the New World had origi­ nated, and for how long they had been here. He states that in Chapter 5, Non-Archaeological Answers to Archaeological the absence of reliable dating methods, early accounts were Questions, focuses on the debates that have ensued amongst based on prevailing biblical knowledge, or through a compari­ various researchers on the linguistic, dental, and genetic evi­ son of artifacts with Paleolithic ones that had already been dence as to the time of human entry into the New World, identified in Europe. During this time there were misinterpre­ number of migrations, and their Old World origin. There is a tations of the geological data or even fraudulent means to four page account of the Kennewick find and the controver­ show an early presence of human occupation of the New sies it had created between the scientific community, local World, a process that often pitted well-meaning scientists tribes, and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and Federal against each other. Meltzer also recounts the events of 1926 Government. when projectile points were discovered in direct association with fossil bison bones at Folsom and observed by prominent In Chapter 6, American Origins, Meltzer continues the discus­ archaeologists. This discovery led the archaeological com­ sion of topics he had touched on in the previous chapter. He munity to finally accept the fact that humans had been in feels that there is near-universal consensus that the evidence North America since at least the end of the Pleistocene, a provided by artifacts, dentition, linguistics, and genetic data notion reinforced by the discovery in 1932 of Clovis points point to an Asian origin of the early immigrants, but that there with mammoth remains. are differences in opinion amongst researchers as to exactly where in Asia the group or groups had come from, at what Chapter 4 is titled The Pre-Clovis Controversy and its Resolu­ time or times they entered Alaska, and what route or routes tion. The author notes in this section that in 1964 Alex they followed to reach the southern part of the continent. Krieger had identified 50 potential pre-Clovis sites and that by 1988 Richard Morlan had found only five possible candidates, Meltzer rejects Hibben's claim for a possible connection of not one of which matched any of those earlier identified. Sandia points and Solutrean on the basis that the stratigraphy Meltzer states that any potential pre-Clovis site has to meet at Sandia Cave was badly mixed, and that the shouldered three conditions to be accepted by other archaeologists: (1) points reportedly found in the cave may be modern fakes contain undeniable traces of humans, either their artifacts or made in the shape of Solutrean examples. He finds little credi­ skeletal remains; (2) be in undisturbed geological deposits in bility in the Bradley and Stanford idea of a link between the proper stratigraphic position; and (3) be accompanied by in­ Iberian Peninsula and the New World because he sees a lack disputable radiometric ages. He then briefly touches on some of typical Solutrean forms in either the Clovis or pre-Clovis of the pre-Clovis sites that had gained notoriety but had failed artifacts reported from the Americas, and because of the 6,000 the test. Among these sites are Calico Hills, Taber Child, Old radiocarbon year time gap separating the two cultures. He Crow, Lewisville, and Toluquilla in North America, plus Piki- then draws the reader's attention to the 27,000 BP Yana RHS machay and Pedra Furada in South America. He also men­ site located at 70 degrees North Latitude along the Yana River tions that Meadowcroft Rockshelter in Pennsylvania has not in north-central Siberia and notes that it yielded bifaces and yet been accepted by some researchers because of a lack of bone foreshafts that are "startlingly like specimens found in adequate biotic and botanic data, as well as questions relating Clovis assemblages." Meltzer regards the Nenana Complex to the 14,250 BP average radiocarbon dates from Stratum Ha of interior Alaska as a possible Clovis precursor. (i.e., one of the lowest cultural levels of the site), and the absence of a comprehensive final site report. In Chapter 7, What to Do When No One's Been There Before, the author describes the environment colonizers would have Twelve pages in Chapter 4 are devoted to the Monte Verde encountered during the Late Pleistocene, what types of skills site in Chile, a place where Tom Dillehay has discovered they may have brought with them, what resources they may wooden structures, mastodon remains, narrow lanceolate have looked for, and the adaptations they could have made points, and a range of other organic and inorganic artifacts. A with knowledge gained in their new homeland. At the end of suite of radiocarbon readings averaging 12,500 BP was real­ this chapter, he sets the stage for topics he covers in the next ized from this site. Meltzer notes that acceptance of a pre- two chapters. He argues that early in the Paleoindian Period Clovis age for Monte Verde came only after a party of archae­ artifacts such as Clovis points should show a similar style

8 The Alberta Archaeological Review over a vast expanse of the continent as social and mating ties struction of burial mounds, and beginnings of plant domesti­ were maintained in a sparsely occupied land, and that over cation. He then sets the scene for the next chapter with a brief time the so-called founder styles diverged and diversified. narrative on the Norse incursions into north-eastern North America around AD 1,000. Chapter 8 deals with Clovis Adaptations and Pleistocene Extinctions. Meltzer starts this section by describing how In the final chapter, When Past and Present Collide, Meltzer Edgar B. Howard had discovered hearths along the edges of presents an account of the impact European colonizers have an extensive deposit of bison, horse, and mammoth bones had on the indigenous North American populations since the near Clovis, New Mexico in 1932 and the following year time of Columbus, particularly the devastating effects caused found fluted points in association with the faunal remains. by introduced diseases. Unlike indigenous human popula­ Although that same year Jesse Figgins had also discovered tions of the New World, Europeans had already through natu­ fluted points with mammoth remains at the Dent, Colorado ral selection, developed some immunity to smallpox, measles, site, the Clovis name prevailed. Almost immediately the and other diseases because of their long contact with domesti­ search for the homeland of Clovis Culture commenced. cated birds and animals which were the sources of many of Howard sought a Siberian origin for Clovis. Still others the pathogens. He examines the debates concerning the size looked to Alaska or within the "ice-free corridor" that existed of the New World human population at the time of European during the late Pleistocene along the eastern slopes of the contact, and the effects depopulation had on languages, social Canadian Rockies as a possible migration route. Meltzer, structures, communities, and even the natural environment, as however, favours the Great Plains, Southwest, or eastern formerly cultivated lands were overrun by forests. North America as likely locations where Clovis fluting was invented. Near the end of this chapter, Meltzer cites the problems American researchers face under the NAGPRA law when The greater part of Chapter 8 deals with reconstructing vari­ trying to determine the affiliation of early cultural or biologi­ ous aspects of Clovis lifestyle, including what the tool kit was cal remains with present day tribes. And finally, in the con­ like, plus the attention paid to high quality lithics and diet. cluding sentence to the text he reiterates the position he pre­ There is also discussion as to what evidence of Clovis life­ sented in Chapter 1, and again in Chapter 6, that the initial styles can be interpreted from the continent-wide distribution colonizing population had entered North America via Berin­ of Clovis artifacts. In addition, the author looks at the debates gia over 12,500 years ago. regarding what role Clovis hunters or climate played in the extinction of many large mammals at the end of the Pleisto­ In general, First Peoples in a New World is quite informative cene. and easy reading. It is not a site report but is aimed at a gen­ eral audience. The writer explains unfamiliar scientific terms In Chapter 9, Settling In, Meltzer contrasts Clovis with the in clear language. References and additional information for cultures of the Late Paleoindian Period. He notes that, unlike each chapter are notated in the text and expanded on in the during Clovis times, the Late Paleoindian Period is identified section Notes. Meltzer scatters witty anecdotes throughout by a profusion of regional point types such as Folsom, various the text as he brings out the human character of some of the eastern fluted varieties, Agate Basin, Lake Mohave, and so people that have been involved in the search for evidence of on. He interprets this broad assortment of regional point types the New World's first peoples, even drawing upon a wealth of as suggesting groups were now more restricted in their move­ his own experiences. ment due to an increase in population, adaptations to local environments, and culture drift brought about by decreased Some of the black and white photos are not of the best quality. contact with distant human groups. This is followed by a dis­ Also, the town of Athabasca, mentioned on page 304 is not cussion of Paleoindian hunting and movement practices, or located in northeastern Alberta as indicated in Figure 48. It campsite activities as revealed by the data gathered at Olsen- lies almost right in the geographic center of the province. Chubbuck, Folsom, Cattle Guard, Agate Basin, and Moun­ These are minor faults that should not detract the reader from taineer sites located on the plains or within the Rocky Moun­ the main thrust of the book. tains. The writer also points out the similarities of points re­ covered from the Mesa and other sites in northern Alaska to the Agate Basin type and sees a connection, possibly repre­ senting an expansion of hunters north along the ice-free corri­ dor. He then touches on what effects the Younger Dryas, a period of marked cooling at the end of the Pleistocene, may have had on regional environmental changes and human adap­ tations in the northern half of North America, and the appar­ ent lack of significant change it may have had in the south­ eastern part of the continent where a rich Dalton culture de­ veloped. He points out that evidence found in cave and rock shelter sites in the American southeast and in the Great Basin reflect decreasing human mobility and increasing use of local resources. Meltzer regards the transition from Late Paleo­ indian to Archaic cultures as one that is marked by establish­ ment of semi-permanent villages, introduction of pottery, con­

No. 51 2010 9 Alberta Archaeological Fieldwork News 2009

Fieldwork News Compiled and Edited by Alwynne B. Beaudoin, With contributions from Janet Blakey, Amanda Dow, Martina Purdon, Elizabeth Robertson, and Jennifer Tischer

In 2009, there were 293 permits issued for archaeological material from each returned calibrated radiocarbon dates work in Alberta. Work under permit resulted in the discovery around approximately 2,000 years BP. Site EfOo-191 pro­ of 555 new sites, and 302 sites were revisited. The provincial duced a unique bone feature comprised of an upright scapula inventory of archaeological sites now (as of July 2010) totals and an inverted skull that may have been tethered together. 36,398. An HRIA was conducted for an access road and borrow pits associated with the Southern Pacific Resource Corp. McKay SAGD Project. The MacKay River is crossed by the proposed Beaver River Sandstone Research, 2009 road, but the study area was largely characterized by saturated Submitted by Elizabeth Robertson or low lying locales and black spruce muskeg. No historical Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, resources were identified or revisited during the assessment. University of Saskatchewan An HRIA was also conducted for Alberta Oilsands Inc. Clear­ water West SAGD project, located on the outskirts of Fort McMurray. No cultural material was recovered, but one As part of an ongoing study on the material characteristics of historic log cabin foundation was newly recorded. Beaver River Sandstone (BRS), Elizabeth Robertson of the University of Saskatchewan's Department of Archaeology Three previously recorded sites were mitigated for the Melcor and Anthropology and her research collaborator, Robert Blyth Developments Ltd. Valley Ridge, Sweet Lands Subdivision in of the Canadian Light Source, visited the Quarry of the Calgary, Alberta. The sites are located in the upper bowl of a Ancestors north of Fort McMurray in September of 2009 to coulee head at prairie level overlooking the Bow River to the take additional geologic samples of this important archaeo­ north. Earlier assessments had determined the sites varied logical toolstone. They were also able to visit a number of from fairly sparse to dense deposits and dated to at least other archaeological sites in the area surrounding the Quarry, Oxbow Phase occupations. Excavations consisted of 10 concentrating on those that have previously been flagged by square meters at sites EgPm-441, EgPm-443, and 20 square their investigators as possible sources of BRS. They found meters at site EgPm-442. Artifact analysis is ongoing, but that areas within the Quarry clearly represent the most abun­ preliminary analysis indicates that artifacts recovered at dant sources of high-quality BRS, but some outlying sites EgPm-441 include burnt and comminuted bone fragments, may, in fact, have very localized patches of similarly high- FBR concentrations, and Samantha-like and Besant-like quality material that were opportunistically exploited by Pre­ projectile points or point fragments in two activity areas. The contact groups. Robertson and Blyth are looking forward to remains were very sparse at site EgPm-443, but include a investigating this further in the 2010 field season. In the possible wooden peg, small clusters of FBR, bone fragments meantime, archaeometric analysis of the sampled BRS is (burnt, scrap, and identifiable), lithic tool fragments made of continuing using the synchrotron-based methods available at exotic materials such as jasper and Knife River Flint, and a the Canadian Light Source. non-diagnostic projectile point tip. Site EgPm-442 work con­ sisted of Stage I and Stage II excavations. During Stage I ex­ cavation, at least two buried components were identified. The earlier component appeared relatively undisturbed. Several articulated butchering units (juvenile and more mature bison) FMA Heritage Inc. were identified, FBR concentrations that appeared as pave­ Submitted by Jennifer Tischer ment were observed, and an assortment of lithic materials FMA Heritage Inc., Calgary including one Pelican Lake projectile point were recovered. The upper, Contact Period component has suffered from mix­ ing, or at least some level of disturbance from the improve­ Archaeologists from FMA Heritage Inc. conducted a number ments to the land, but preliminary analysis reveals several of interesting projects in a variety of different settings across species among the faunal assemblage, dispersed but numerous the province in 2009. FBR, and a metal projectile point. Stage II excavations yielded a second metal point, a Hanna point in deposits super­ Dale Boland held several archaeological permits. Construc­ imposed on the Pelican Lake occupation, and a second tion monitoring was conducted for the Alberta portion of the Pelican Lake point from near surficial deposits demonstrating TCPL Keystone Pipeline which began in October 2008 and that mixing and disturbance have affected deeper deposits. included topsoil stripping and grading, open ditch trenching, and backfilling. Two newly recorded bison kill/campsites were discovered as a result of the construction monitoring. Jean-Paul Foster conducted an HRIA for two padsite addi­ While neither of these yielded diagnostic artifacts, faunal tions in the Wayne/Dalum area near the Red Deer River,

10 The Alberta Archaeological Review which included revisits to previously recorded sites. No new nificant as the morphology of the arrowheads was identical to archaeological sites were recorded. Other projects included those found at the bison pound. This strongly suggests that an HRIA for a Class I pipeline west of the Didsbury/Carstairs site FdOt-32 is one of the campsites that was occupied during area, and an HRIA for a wind farm near Summerview Ridge the use of the bison pound. Several interesting artifacts and at the south end of Porcupine Hills near Pincher Creek. The features were found at the campsite, in particular two different wind farm project produced some interesting sites that in­ styles of Avonlea pottery. cluded drive lane complexes, tipi rings, historic sites, and pos­ sible vision quest structures. FMA Heritage and TransCanada Pipelines worked in conjunc­ tion with representatives from the Siksika Nation and the four Yvonne Kjorlien conducted HRIAs in east-central and north­ bands of the Maskwacis Cree Coalition (Louis Bull, Ermine­ east Alberta, including work for NuNenne- Stantec within the skin, Samson, and Montana) to enable the proper ceremonies Cold Lake area. An HRIA on the Muskeg River within the to be conducted and to provide an opportunity to members of Albian Shell Oilsands lease resulted in three newly recorded these groups to participate in the excavations. lithic scatters along the Muskeg River and the revisit of two lithic scatters near the Cree Burn Lake Site. Mitigation for Meaghan Porter completed HRIAs on several projects in the spring 2010 is scheduled for one of the reassessed sites. province. These projects included a transmission line in the Yvonne was also involved in Traditional Knowledge studies Elk Point area joined by participants from the Kehewin First and a Palaeontological Impact Assessment for the KXL Pipe­ Nation, a small pipeline tie-in south of the Red Deer River by line Project. Between performing HRIAs, HROs, and assist­ Drumheller, a subdivision in the Valley Ridge area (ident­ ing larger projects, Yvonne also completed the reporting for ifying three significant sites which co-worker Dale Boland projects from the previous year. subsequently mitigated), a joint HRIA with Stantec archaeolo­ gists for a City of Calgary sewer line upgrade, and an HRIA Jeremy Leyden completed the assessment, mitigation, and of a sandstone quarry on the Oldman River where several monitoring of the Keystone pipeline. During the assessment, sites were recorded, including a relatively large historic period evidence from organic soil residues of plant use indicated the graffiti site. In addition, a combined HRIA/research project use of local and exotic species from two late Precontact for the Town of Hinton was undertaken of their Historic period hearths, and the possible use of cultigens (including Period coal mine (Hinton Collieries Ltd.) in order to facilitate tobacco, maize, beans, and squash) from a hearth soil sample an interpretive program. An HRIA was also conducted for a at a late Precontact period/Protohistoric period site. Partici­ Class I pipeline in the Sherwood Park/Ft. Saskatchewan area, pants from Siksika First Nation assisted on the project to iden­ and workshop/campsite FjOh-126 was mitigated with partici­ tify traditional knowledge issues associated with several pants from the Saddle Lake and Alexander First Nations. A archaeological sites affected by the development. In addition, significant amount of petrified wood was recovered, but an archaeological survey of the proposed ROW and deep soil unfortunately no diagnostics were found. Meaghan also took (backhoe) testing of targeted areas was continued for the part in this season's excavation of NWC/HBC post Fort Ver­ HRIA assessment of the Keystone XL pipeline. To date, over million I (1798-1830) directed by Heinz Pyszczyk (ACCS). 46 newly recorded archaeological sites have been identified and over 62 previously recorded sites have been revisited. Laura Roskowski held several different archaeological per­ mits in 2009. Most notable were the excavations at sites Matt Moors conducted an archaeological assessment of the HhOv-87 and HhOv-200. These sites, situated on the Albian Hardisty West Interconnect, resulting in the identification of a Lease north of Fort McMurray, lie on a linear landform affec­ bison pound (FdOt-31) along the pipeline right-of-way near tionately termed Ronaghan's Ridge. In total, 250 meters were the Battle River valley. Excavation at the site occurred in excavated, including 230 meters at HhOv-87 and 20 meters at November 2008 and April 2009 and consisted of a main exca­ HhOv-200. Based on field counts a total of 117,503 artifacts vation block of 40 square meters and a shovel testing program were recovered from these excavations including tools such as surrounding the main block. The main excavation tentatively projectile points (N=5), drills (N=2), bifaces (N=20), end­ identified the entrance to the pound itself, while the shovel scrapers (N=8), and a variety of expedient tools. The diag­ testing program delimited the boundaries of the pound struc­ nostic projectile points recovered suggest that the site was ture within the pipeline right-of-way. Several intact features occupied at several different time periods extending from the were identified, including a post-hole with an upright late Paleo-Indian to the Late Precontact period. Comminuted humerus, a pit feature with three stacked bison skulls bone recovered from a hearth feature may yield a radiocarbon (including two calves and one adult), a hearth, and a second date for a portion of HhOv-87. It is anticipated that the recov­ pit containing several broken bison bones. Projectile points ery of these artifacts will further expand our knowledge associated with the bison pound are identified as Avonlea, regarding the way in which Precontact people moved through­ primarily the Timber Ridge variety. Due to past disturbances out the landscape and exploited local resources. in the site vicinity (including cultivation) drive lanes were not observed. Alan Youell conducted a ground reconnaissance of 175 km of the proposed Enbridge Northern Gateway Project pipeline. Due to the high site significance, ACCS recommended that This field work started on the British Columbia/Alberta alternative routes for the pipeline be explored by TransCanada border and continued roughly southeast to an area north of the Pipelines. Two campsites, FdOt-24 and FdOt-32, were located hamlet of Cherhill, Alberta and resulted in the assessment of on the re-route option. Although only limited material was 20 historical resource sites relative to the proposed develop­ recovered from FdOt-24, site FdOt-32 was found to be sig­ ments. These sites include 14 Precontact Period sites, five

No. 51 2010 11 sites dating to the Historic Period, and one site with an occu­ In Alberta, AMEC's archaeologists did get some time out of pation dating to both the Precontact and Historic Periods. The the office to get their hands dirty. During the late spring Precontact sites predate the arrival of Europeans and include Murray Lobb supervised a proposed pipeline expansion for two campsites, eight artifact scatters, three isolated finds, and the Chevron Ells River Project northwest of Fort McKay and one lithic workshop. The Historic sites are characterized by Nancy Saxberg continued a monitoring program at the Ross­ structures, features, and objects of largely European influence dale Water Treatment Plant/Generating Station in Edmonton. and include three domestic/residential sites, one industrial During the summer months Brad Somer supervised an HRIA site, and one campsite. The multicomponent site contains for the Paintearth Coal Mine expansion on the south bank of both a Precontact and Historic component consisting of an the Battle River (south of Big Knife Provincial Park), and an artifact scatter and residential features respectively. In addi­ HRIA for the Stoney Trail/Nose Hill Drive interchange in tion, three historic trails and six land use sites were assessed NW Calgary. In the fall, Brad Somer supervised an HRIA for relative to the proposed developments. the East Athabasca Highway north of Fort McMurray and Murray Lobb led investigations of planned borehole drilling FMA's palaeontologists, Lisa Bohach and Emily Frampton locations for three separate components of the Athabasca ran a joint program with Aboriginal Traditional Knowledge Field Program Kearl Oil Sands Project, Firebag Exploration studies at the South Saskatchewan River in the fall of 2009. Area, and the Syncrude South Exploration Area (See Figures The area is rich in Iniskims (buffalo stones), which have been 1 and 2). Lab work and reporting including submissions secondarily deposited in Tertiary gravel. The palaeontologists within multiple Environmental Impact Assessments is on­ guided the First Nation participants to these sites and provided going. background information on the geology and palaeontology of the area.

AMEC Earth & Environmental Submitted by Amanda Dow AMEC Earth & Environmental, Calgary

The 2009 field season was considerably different from the previous year. The economic recession resulted in some project cancellations and rescheduling, but AMEC took the opportunity to strengthen their team and expand their scope of expertise. In March, Murray Lobb was hired as a new permit holder (Calgary office) and in the late spring AMEC announced the accession of ARCAS Consulting Archaeolo­ gists Ltd. out of British Columbia. During 2009 AMEC archaeologists were employed throughout Canada, including field projects in Saskatchewan, Ontario (Nancy Saxberg), and Figure 2: Murray Lobb recording information in a wetland the Northwest Territories (Murray Lobb). area, northeast Alberta

Murray Lobb presented at the University of Calgary's Chacmool Conference in November (Blackfoot Land-use on the Piikani Reserve, Alberta), Nancy Saxberg attended the Conference of the Society of Historical Archaeology in Janu­ ary (Toronto), and both Murray Lobb (co-authored with B.O.K. Reeves and J. Blakey of Lifeways of Canada Limited) and Nancy Saxberg (co-authored with Dr. E. Robertson of University of Saskatchewan) contributed materials to a pend­ ing publication (Archaeology of the Oil Sands, edited by Brian Ronaghan) hopefully scheduled for release in 2010.

Figure 1: Murray Lobb conducting fieldwork in an aspen stand in the Kearl Lake area.

12 The Alberta Archaeological Review Lifeways of Canada Submitted by Janet Blakey Lifeways of Canada Ltd, Calgary

During the 2009 field season Lifeways of Canada Limited undertook many exciting permitted field projects across Alberta. Fieldwork was undertaken in all areas of the prov­ ince including, but not limited to, Fort McMurray, Edmonton, Buck Lake, Calgary, Whitecourt, Fort McLeod, the Coal Branch, Oyen, and throughout southern Alberta.

In addition to fieldwork activities various Lifeways of Canada staff members continue to share the results of various field programs giving both poster and oral presentations as well as invited lectures. In March of 2009 Janet Blakey gave a lecture to the Lethbridge Centre of the Archaeological Society of Alberta (ASA) on excavations undertaken on the Stampede Site by Lifeways in both the 2008 and 2009 field seasons. Plate 1: Oblique View of Hearth Feature One at EfPi-16, Jason Roe ran a flintknapping workshop in March 2009 for View Southeast the Calgary Centre of the ASA, while both Jason Roe and Don Hanna ran one in April for the Lethbridge Centre of the ASA. In May 2009 at the joint annual general meetings of the Archaeology Society of Alberta and the Saskatchewan Archaeological Association held in Bodo, Alberta, Brian Vivian, Janet Blakey, and Kendra Drever presented a poster entitled What's New is Old in Town...Investigating Historic Dump Sites in Downtown Calgary, which won the Associa­ tion of Consulting Archaeologists Poster award (which is awarded yearly at the ASA AGM). Dan Meyer and Jason Roe also presented a poster entitled YA-PE-00 The 2008 Archaeological Survey of Buck Lake. In addition to the poster presentations Brian Vivian gave a talk outlining more specific details of the East Village Project reported on in the 2008 Fieldwork in Alberta News, while Dan Meyer in association with Brian Vivian, Janet Blakey, and Jason Roe gave a pres­ entation on excavations at the Stampede Site during the 2008- 2009 field seasons, highlighting a new series of new radiocar­ bon dates obtained from the site. Despite a spring snow fall Don Hanna led a field trip to archaeological sites in southern Alberta for both members of the ASA Calgary Centre and the University of Calgary's Chacmool Association.

During the 2009 field season Lifeways of Canada Limited field projects completed under the direction of Brian Vivian included a number of Historical Resources Impact Assess­ ments (HRIAs) and assorted Historical Resource Mitigation Plate 2: Amber Allen with Hearth Feature Two at EfPi-16 (HRM) Studies in the Calgary area. One of the most interest­ ing of these completed was the Stage II Mitigative excava­ Diagnostic projectile points from the Oxbow and McKean tions at EfPi-16. Perched on the edge of the valley overlook­ Phases indicate populations were drawn to this same location ing the Bow River south of Carseland, EfPi-16 is a Precontact in much earlier times. The lack of any obvious shift in the campsite first identified in 2000 by Don Hanna. Subsequent lithic raw materials used here is cited as evidence of the long- test excavations demonstrated this to be a well-buried, multi- term stability of the cultures using this locale over this lengthy component campsite with occupations going back over 4,000 period of time. The continued re-occupation of this high van­ years. Final excavations completed in June 2009 exposed two tage point is believed to reflect the cultural continuity of these intact and well-defined hearth features (Plates 1 and 2) along buffalo hunters who became known as the Blackfoot. with a collection of stone tools, stone waste flakes, pieces of butchered bison bone, and fragments of fire-broken rock left Under the direction of Dan Meyer Lifeways returned to Buck over from the Precontact camp activities at this location. A Lake in 2009 to continue site assessments in Parks lands on radiocarbon date of 320+40 years BP (Beta 261796) from one behalf of the Historic Resources Management Branch and hearth feature shows the most recent occupation to be associ­ Parks, Tourism, and Recreation. The work program focused ated with the Late Period Old Women's Phase. on shovel testing adjacent to several sites ensuring appropriate

No. 51 2010 13 buffers between those sites and potential facilities develop­ Intensive testing in 2009 focused on sites FfPq-17 (The Bear ments, and further detailed shovel testing at some of the Point Site), FfPq-21 (Place of the Pines), and FgPq-7 (The larger, important sites for research oriented goals. During this Minnehik Site). The Minnehik Site (FgPq-7) occupies over a work program, two additional sites were recorded, bringing kilometre of shoreline along the lake. In the site area, a total the total number of sites recorded and tested in 2008 and 2009 of 185 shovel tests have now been excavated, 72 of them to 32 Precontact sites, 1 Historic Period site, and 2 sites with yielding artifacts. The finds are typical of intensive camping both Precontact and Historic components. In the two seasons activities along the lake, including six stone tools (three combined, within the 530 hectare project area, Lifeways retouched flakes or spalls, two scrapers, and one utilized crews excavated a total of 2,070 shovel tests, 591 or 29% of flake), 92 pieces of debitage, 13 identifiable faunal elements which were positive, yielding 3,287 artifacts including stone including moose and other large mammal, mid-sized mam­ tools, lithic debitage, fire-cracked rock, Precontact pottery, mal, possibly hare and other small mammal, and fish and Historic artifacts. From these sites a total of 9 faunal (Northern Pike or Whitefish), 217 fragments of unidentifiable samples were sent for radiocarbon dating, but surprisingly six animal bone, 80 pieces of fire-cracked rock, and one piece of of them failed to yield enough collagen for dating purposes. Precontact or Protohistoric pottery. The three dates supplied all produced essentially modern results, indicating possible occupations in the last three hun­ The Bear Point Site (FfPq-17) continues to shine as an exam­ dred years. Otherwise, the projectile points recovered, includ­ ple of a well-preserved, dense Precontact site with multiple ing Burmis Barbed, a reworked McKean, Avonlea points, and components. Over a 500 x 350 m area including the modern a possible Windust or Taltheilei form, and pottery suggest use beach and the upper beach, a total of 205 shovel tests have of the beaches around the lake for at least the last 7,000 years been excavated, with 129 or 63% positive yielding 774 (Plate 3). Of the two clear beach landforms present, materials artifacts. Notable finds include horse bones, Precontact on the upper beach tend to be older, with diminished faunal pottery, a Burmis Barbed point, three Avonlea points, and the preservation and markedly less fire-cracked rock, and the already mentioned point that may be Windust or a Taltheilei lower beach tends to have materials that are primarily Late form (Plate 3). Other finds at this campsite include six re­ Period. touched flakes or spalls, one utilized flake, three cores, two bifaces, one drill, one awl/graver, one chopper, one ham- merstone, one possible piece of groundstone, 285 pieces of debitage (including quartzite, silicified siltstone, unidentified 0 2 cherts, agate, a piece of Swan River Chert, and a piece of argillite), five identifiable faunal elements including other large mammals, 161 fragments of unidentifiable animal bone, 296 pieces of fire-cracked rock, and four pieces of Precontact • or Protohistoric pottery representing two different vessels. FgPq-14-l FfPq-17-69 FfPq-17-67 FfPq-17-6 FfPq-17-74 Early Middle Period Windust or Taltheilei? Avonlea Avonlea Avonlea Place of the Pines (FfPq-21) represents the only known site on A * 4 the lake with occupations on three different landforms, includ­ ing the two lower beaches, and a third upper possible beach landform. A total of 221 shovel tests have now been exca­ vated across the site, with 97 positive tests producing a total i of 13 stone tools, 106 pieces of debitage, three identifiable FfPq-17-63 FgPq-10-2 FfPq-18-19 animal bones including dog, mid-sized mammal, and large Early Middle Period McKean Complex { 'nnoiclwd I.cite Period mammal, 128 fragments of unidentifiable animal bone, and 135 pieces of fire-cracked rock. Debitage here as elsewhere along the lake is largely of quartzite and silicified siltstone, but minor amounts of unidentified chert, agate, a silicified sediment similar to Montana Silicified Sediment, possible Top of the World Chert, and two flakes of Knife River Flint have been recovered. Unfortunately, no diagnostic projectile FfPq-18-76 FgPq-7-129 FfPq-21-125 temper scraper scraper points have been recovered, but the presence of Knife River Flint on the highest landform suggests the possibility of an Early Period component at Place of the Pines.

The archaeological inventory program at Buck Lake has gone a long way towards recording and protecting these invaluable historic resources on public lands around the lake, and has contributed significantly to our understanding of the archae­ ology of the region.

FfPq-21-124 FfPq-17-72 FfPq-17-70 mmmhedfiike rairmniam fkiif: A similar inventory program was also initiated by Lifeways under the direction of Dan Meyer at Pinehurst and Touch­ Plate 3: Projectile Points and Other Assorted Tools Recovered wood Lakes in the Lakeland Provincial Recreation Area east from the 2008 and 2009 Field Seasons at Buck Lake. of Lac La Biche, also at the request of the Historic Resources

14 The Alberta Archaeological Review Management Branch and Tourism, Parks, and Recreation. tive excavations. The old Yellowhead mine was in operation These two lakes are characterized by a markedly different during portions of the first two decades of the twentieth geomorphology than seen in the beaches and palaeo-beaches century, closing prior to the full elaboration of the Coal at Buck Lake. At Pinehurst and Touchwood no palaeo- Branch. Last year's program involved detailed mapping and beaches were observed in the project areas. Instead there a other recording of site features including a series of trenches series of raised landforms of varying heights along the lake, associated with the water transportation system and the old the result of the formation of the lakes on top of morainal rail trestle. The work program included mitigation of a struc­ deposits. This has resulted in different topography, with ture previously interpreted to be a powder house, excavation fewer broad, flat landforms suitable for very large groups to of a cabin and associated privy, the excavation of two other camp for long periods of time. Nonetheless, we were able to privies, and the collection and excavation of a dump. In 2009, record a considerable suite of campsites, workshops, short- work was completed on the "powder house" and the cabin term resource procurement sites, and Historic sites along the excavated in 2008. In addition, we excavated two other shores of these two lakes. Using the same methodology as cabins, three privies, the cook house, another structural employed at Buck Lake, in the 1,230 hectare project area depression, and we identified and excavated the remains of Lifeways excavated a total of 1,040 shovel tests, 20% of what appears to have been the lamp house. Based on archival which produced cultural materials, a total of over 1,000 arti­ photographs, a disturbed area of the site appears to have been facts. The program resulted in the recording of 6 previously home to a number of bunk houses. We used a trackhoe to recorded sites and 29 newly encountered sites. Thirty-one of strip this area in hopes of encountering remnant features, but these are Precontact sites, 2 are Historic Period, and 3 have unfortunately found this portion of the site area to be too both Historic and Precontact components. Relative to Buck heavily disturbed. Lake, the sites at Pinehurst and Touchwood Lakes tend to be smaller and of lower artifact density and diversity. Fewer During the course of the lamp house excavations, we encoun­ formal tools were recovered, faunal preservation was poor, tered a Precontact component in that area of the site. and very little fire-cracked rock was encountered. Despite Astoundingly in the sediments beneath the lamp house, we this, the majority of the sites recorded are significant. For recovered a quartzite Scottsbluff point (Plate 4). Testing example, GfOu-10 is a large campsite running over a kilome­ nearby located a lithic workshop area, which we believe was tre of the shore of Touchwood Lake. Within this area, our not actually associated with the Early Period, but technologi­ initial sampling with 68 shovel tests produced positive results cally appears similar to other Early Middle Period sites we in 29 of them, with 64 flakes, 8 fire-cracked rock pieces, have excavated in the area. This small workshop excavation cores, a retouched flake, and 1 animal bone. Nearby GeOu-12, has produced great information related to stone tool technol­ located on an isthmus west of Bare Ass Point, covers a 470 x ogy in the area, and will contribute to our understanding of 130 m area, in which almost all of the tests excavated were this area of the foothills. positive, and in which it seems almost every tree-throw had flakes. We excavated 32 tests to try to define site boundaries and assess the site. Twenty of these were positive, yielding 83 pieces of debitage, 2 bifaces, 2 retouched flakes, 3 other tools, 5 cores/core fragments, and 8 fragments of fire-cracked rock. As with Buck Lake, almost all of the toolstones recov­ ered were locally available quartzites. However, in contrast, to the high quality materials available at Buck Lake, that pre­ sent around Touchwood and Pinehurst Lakes is of overall poor quality, and undoubtedly impacted the number of formal tools manufactured by the users of these sites. Unlike Buck Lake, where at least a small scattering of exotic lithics were recovered, the only non-local material identified at Touch­ wood and Pinehurst consists of a single flake of Swan River Chert recovered from GfOu-13. No appropriate samples were recovered for radiocarbon dating from these sites, and only a single projectile point was recovered. Site GdOu-11 on Pine­ hurst Lake produced a fragmentary dart point, most likely Oxbow or similar style. Plate 4: Scottsbluff Point Fragment Recovered from the 2009 Excavations in the Coal Branch Area. Once again, this inventory of Touchwood and Pinehurst Lakes has produced a useful dataset that will allow the long-term Our work in the "powder house" consisted of removal of the management of these historical resources. In addition, the accumulated sediment, recovery of observed artifacts, and information will allow better modeling of site locations mapping and photography of the structure (Plate 5). The pres­ around lakes in this region, and has provided useful insight ence of a wood stove in the corner of the building contributes into cultural differences and land use patterns at lakesides to our belief that this building was unlikely to have been used across the Province. to store explosives for use in the mine. Similarly, our work in the cook house recovered materials which suggest possible This year Lifeways crew also returned to FhQg-5, the old other uses for the building. The cabins excavated appear to be Yellowhead mine and townsite near Robb, to continue mitiga­ related, with one representing a dwelling, and the second

No. 51 2010 15 systematic and judgmental shovel testing in areas deemed to have high and moderate potential for significant historic resource sites. Based upon previous investigations (Ronaghan and Hanna 1982), the Carson-Pegasus lakes area is known to have a very high density of significant Historic and Precontact sites, with indications of constant occupation over the last 9,000 years.

Seven previously unrecorded Historical Resource sites or areas were identified during the course of our investigations (GbPv-25 to GbPv-31). GbPv-25 is a multi-component Historic and Precontact site (Plate 6), while five sites are

Plate 5: Excavation and Mapping of the "Powder House" at FhQg-5. perhaps some type of workshop. Remains suggest a black­ smith shop or similar structure, but final conclusions await further work. Analysis of the recovered Historic artifacts has not yet been completed, but we recovered a fantastic suite of materials that will be useful in interpreting the remains. In addition to numerous cans, bottles, and ceramics, more dis­ tinctive items recovered include newspaper, clock parts, light bulbs with patent dates, fruit pits, faunal remains from fur- bearers, a "Swiss-army" knife, chimney glass from miner's lamps, five coins, and two tags that may have been miner's identification tags. Further work on these FhQg-5 materials will contribute greatly to our knowledge of this early period in Coal Branch history. Plate 6: Historic Cabin Recorded at GbPv-25.

The 2009 field season for Jason Roe of Lifeways of Canada Precontact era (GbPv-26 to GbPv-30), and one is likely was his inaugural year as a permit holder in both Alberta and Historic in age (GbPv-31). Two of these sites (GbPv-26 and Saskatchewan. In Saskatchewan, north of Prince Albert, -31) have limited significance and are not likely to be Jason undertook a small HRIA for a housing development that impacted, and no further investigations are recommended for resulted in the recording of one Historic Period site. Back in these. GbPv-30 will likely be impacted but the site was Alberta four Precontact sites were recorded as part of a pipe­ deemed to have limited significance and no further investiga­ line tie-in project under the direction of Jason Roe just north tions were recommended. GbPv-25, GbPv-27, GbPv-28, and of Oyen. Jason also undertook two projects in the Robb/ GbPv-29 were deemed significant and based on initial plans Hinton area, the first being a survey project for Hinton Wood were all likely to be directly impacted so further work has Products, where one new Precontact site was recorded near been recommended at these sites. the Wildhay River. The second in this area, and Jason's larg­ est project in 2009, was an HRIA in the Coal Branch area Don Hanna of Lifeways also directed an HRIA and subse­ which resulted in the recording of 24 new sites (a combination quent Stage I mitigation excavations in association with a of both Precontact and Historic) and the excavation of FgQe- proposed realignment of Secondary Highway 579 (also 66, a small but dense lithic workshop. In the fall Jason under­ known as the Harold Creek Road) west of Water Valley. The took an HRIA in the Fort McMurray area where one Precon­ planned re-alignments to SH 579 will see widening and tact site was revisited. None of this field work could have straightening over a length of 5.6 kilometres within the Little been done without the dedicated staff at Lifeways of Canada Red Deer River valley. This same alignment was the subject so special thanks goes to Tam Huynh, Kevin Thorson, Amber of previous HRIA and HRIM studies and although hand Allen, Derrick Foster, and Carol Ramsey. cleared and borrow tested, the originally planned roadway was never built. Two previously recorded archaeological sites Don Hanna of Lifeways directed an HRIA on behalf of (EiPs-12 and EiPs-13) were expected to be impacted by the Alberta Tourism, Parks and Recreation at a proposed new newly proposed realignment. campground location in Carson-Pegasus Provincial Park, northwest of Whitecourt, on the southeast corner of the west­ EiPs-12 is a subsurface Precontact era campsite on the low ern lobe of Carson Lake. The planned development encom­ bench or terrace remnant overlooking the confluence of the passes an approximate area of 25 hectares, although only 7.5 Little Red Deer River with a small creek. Gryba (1985) hectares were examined. Field studies were carried in August described the site as a "small and sparse campsite" and no and consisted of pedestrian reconnaissance coupled with further investigations were recommended. The site was

16 The Alberta Archaeological Review subsequently assigned an HRV of 4. Re-examination and EiPs-13 is a subsurface Precontact era campsite and Historic excavation of additional shovel tests at EiPs-12 resulted in era foundation on a prominent knoll-top (Plate 8). Gryba eight positive tests, and the recovery of substantially more (1985), described the site as a small but dense campsite with cultural materials than had been noted by Gryba, including historic debris, lithic debitage and tools, fire-broken rock, and two possible hearths and a chipping station, lithic tools and bone, and recommended further examinations of the Precon­ debitage, substantial quantities of firebroken rock and small tact materials, but not the historic occupation. Loveseth amounts of calcined animal bone. Subsequent mitigative (1986) subsequently carried out 20 m2 of excavation on the excavations of 20 m2 at EiPs-12 resulted in the recovery of a knoll-top, recovering a small faunal assemblage, and a large large and complex assemblage in close association with three lithic assemblage including projectile points identified as dense firebroken rock features (Plate 7). Recovered materials McKean, Hanna, Pelican Lake, and Late Plains, indicating re-use of the area over the last 4,500 years. Unfortunately, compressed stratigraphy made separation of components im­ possible. Equally unfortunate, historic materials were ignored and FBR was discarded un-counted and un-weighed.

In 2009 EiPs-13 was re-identified and the back-filled excava­ tions of 1985 were still discernible. The previously noted foundation consisting of loose sandstone footing blocks and eleven small depressions were still apparent, as were a can and bottle dump off of the eastern edge of the landform. Review of archival NTS maps and aerial photographs indi­ cated that there was a structure present at this location in 1941 and 1951. Given the density of as yet un-investigated Historic and Precontact cultural materials at EiPs-13, further investiga­ tions of 20 m2 were initiated and abundant quantities of both Historic period and Precontact era cultural materials were recovered. Historic materials include a wealth of largely domestic materials, likely reflecting use of a summer-time "line shack" during the 1940s and 50s. Precontact era materi­ Plate 7: FBR Feature Recorded at EiPs-12. als include an array of fire-broken rock (9 kilos), 700 grams of fragmentary bone, 287 pieces of lithic detritus and 15 stone included more than 197 kilograms of fire-broken rock, 1,079 tools, including a high proportion of projectile points (n=3, pieces of lithic debitage, 20 stone tools and 62 grams of fau­ Hanna Stemmed or Corner-notched) and portions of bifaces nal material in clear association with the identified hearths. (n=8). The "unfocussed" nature of the Precontact materials, The tightly patterned nature of the artifact distribution at EiPs- and the diversity in lithic material types and reduction strate­ 12 indicates a single, short-term occupation by a relatively gies, indicate a multi-component, multi-use campsite. Based small group carrying out specialized tasks. This is borne out upon the preliminary results detailed above, it seems likely by the relatively high frequency of recovered scrapers and that the cultural remains at EiPs-12 and -13 represent different scraping implements (n=14). Based upon the recovery of a parts of a complex pattern of land-use, with small specialized well-made Avonlea Triangular projectile point, use of EiPs-12 activity camps and larger re-used campsite locales. appears to date close to 1,500 years ago. Although Gryba intensively shovel tested the EiPs-12 land- form in 1985, (based on standards of the day) the testing failed to identify the main artifact concentrations. Loveseth's investigations that same year ignored the Historic component and focused on the densest concentrations of Precontact mate­ rials. The importance of intensive shovel testing to identify significant single component sites in the foothills was high­ lighted by our 2009 investigations at EiPs-12. As well, our 2009 investigations at EiPs-13 further underscores the impor­ tance of understanding the evolving nature of research direc­ tions, mitigative goals, and the development of analytical technologies. For both the Historic and Precontact compo­ nents of these sites, our mitigative expectations have evolved and changed over the last 25 years. As such, Lifeways 2009 re-visits and re-evaluations of these two previously investi­ gated sites, have contributed to a now better comprehension of these sites. Our clearer understanding of the nature of foot­ hills sites, compounded by access to new technologies like AMS dating and obsidian sourcing have greatly enhanced the Plate 8: EiPs-13 Site Area. data gleaned from mitigations here.

No. 51 2010 17 Don Hanna also directed mitigation excavations in association Hanna 2009) identified six significant sites that will possibly with the planned South and West portions of the planned Cal­ be impacted. Analysis of the recovered cultural materials is gary Ring Road. The South Calgary Ring Road (SCRR) fol­ underway but preliminary results follow. lows the existing Highway 22X corridor, stretching east-west from Deerfoot Trail in southeast Calgary, across the Bow EgPn-682 (originally recorded by Peach in 2003) was identi­ River, to just past the intersection with 85th Street SW. This fied as a largely undisturbed Precontact era campsite within alignment has been the subject of substantial previous distur­ the proposed corridor. Lifeways' Stage 1 mitigative excava­ bances. Seven Historical Resource sites or areas were identi­ tions at this site have identified a dispersed campsite assem­ fied during the course of HRIA investigations of the SCRR in blage consisting of a moderate sized collection of fire-broken 2007 (Hanna and Hanna 2009). One site, EfPl-189, was rock, a large faunal assemblage of predominantly bison and deemed significant and required subsequent investigations. deer limb bones, and a small but diverse lithic assemblage with significant quantities of non-local toolstones. Two fire­ EfPl-189 was first recorded in 1976 by students from the broken rock features with associated animal bone were identi­ University of Calgary during investigations for a real estate fied, with one radiocarbon dated to 3,540 ± 30 RCYBP (Beta subdivision. The site was revisited by Goldsmith (2004) in 671387). This date is consistent with the recovery of two association with widening of the Highway 22X corridor, who fragmentary projectile points that can be stylistically assigned described the site as a large campsite and recommended to the Hanna Corner-notched type which is well represented further investigations if the site were to be impacted. on the Paskapoo Slopes of Calgary. Based on these results, further investigations are anticipated. Lifeways of Canada's 2009 investigations included a system­ atic shovel testing program across the main site area, consist­ EgPn-683 was originally identified as an undisturbed Precon­ ing of the excavation of shovel tests (matrix screened) regu­ tact killsite (Peach 2005). Lifeways' 2009 excavation of 8 m2 larly spaced on a five to ten metre grid covering the main con­ at this site yielded a mixed faunal assemblage likely related centration of surface materials and the vicinity of Goldsmith's the natural deaths/disarticulation of at least two bison. Conse­ positive shovel tests. Although limited in quantity, recovered quently, no further investigations are anticipated. materials did demonstrate some clustering. Given these re­ sults, the three areas of highest density were opened with pre­ EgPn-735 is a partially damaged Precontact campsite liminary excavations consisting of one by two metre blocks to recorded by Lifeways during the 2007 HRIA (Hanna and a depth of 30 cm below surface. Two of these areas yielded Hanna 2009). Construction of an existing powerline appears moderate quantities of cultural materials including three bifa- cially worked stone tools. As a result, additional units were placed adjacent to these areas. These additional units con­ sisted of the excavation of a further 11 m2, for a total of 17 m2 of systematic excavation to between 20 and 30 cm below surface. These excavations resulted in the recovery of 116 bone fragments (weight=124 grams), 57 pieces of fire-broken rock (weight=2.6 kilograms), and 46 lithic items (weight=595 grams) which include 10 tools and/or cores. Recovered bone consists of small fragments that are predominantly unidentifi­ able to element or species. Fire-broken rock is also repre­ sented by generally small fragments, with no significant con­ centrations noted. Given the relatively limited quantities of all cultural materials recovered at this site, the lack of any cultural features, and the lack of stratigraphic information, it was determined that further investigations were unlikely to yield significant results. Consequently, investigations were suspended and all excavation units were backfilled.

Recovered materials indicate that the assemblage at EfPl-189 likely represents a palimpsest of multiple occupations at this bluff edge location. Given the setting and assemblage compo­ sition, the site is interpreted as a series of small summer period campsites, with activities widely scattered along the bluff edge. Plate 9: Derrick Foster Excavating at EgPn-735.

The West Calgary Ring Road stretches from the intersection to have caused some surface damage, but the site seems other­ of Stoney Trail and the TransCanada Highway to Lower wise intact. Based on the quantity and diversity of cultural Springbank Road and Glenmore Trail. This portion of the materials recovered in shovel tests, further investigations con­ proposed ring road traverses lands that are relatively undis­ sisting of up to 24 m2 of excavations were carried out. These turbed and have considerable potential for the presence of excavations revealed a laterally extensive, diffuse distribution significant, undisturbed historical resource sites. Previous of cultural materials at depths between 10 and 130 cm below studies of the planned alignment (Peach 2005 and Hanna and surface. Recovered materials include a small assemblage of

18 The Alberta Archaeological Review fire-broken rock, a moderate assemblage of large ungulate Peach, Kate bone, and a moderate sized assemblage of lithic debitage and 2003 Historical Resources Impact Assessment, Earth Tech tools, including two projectile point bases, both stylistically Canada Inc/Alberta Transportation Stoney Trail assigned to the Hanna Corner-notched type. This assignment Extension Functional Planning Study: Final Report is further borne out by a radiocarbon date of 2,850 + 30 (Permit Number 03-197), unpublished consultants RCYBP (Beta 271388) on animal bone from 120 cm below report on file with the Heritage Resource Manage­ surface (Plate 9). Based on these results, further investiga­ ment Branch. tions may be expected. Ronaghan, Brian M., and Donald T. Hanna EgPn-737 was identified as an intact possible Precontact proc­ 1982 Conservation Excavations at Carson-Pegasus Park essing site by Lifeways during the 2007 HRIA (Hanna and GbPv-1 and GbPv-2: Final Report (Permit Number Hanna 2009). Based on the recovery of a constrained and 81-118), unpublished consultants report on file with dense scatter of animal bone, excavation of 10 m2 was carried the Heritage Resource Management Branch. out. These excavations revealed a mixed assemblage of frag­ mentary bison and deer bone that appears to represent a secondary deposit derived from a source further upstream. Consequently, no further investigations are recommended.

EgPn-740 is a largely intact Precontact campsite recorded by Lifeways during the 2007 HRIA (Hanna and Hanna 2009). A moderately diverse but relatively sparse assemblage of cultural materials was recovered in the excavation of 14 m2 at this site. Limited quantities of fire-broken rock and extremely fragmentary animal bone were encountered, and extremely limited quantities of lithic debitage were recovered. Conse­ quently, no further investigations are expected.

EgPn-741 is an intact Precontact stone feature site with limited quantities of associated debitage recorded by Lifeways during the 2007 HRIA (Hanna and Hanna 2009). Stage 1 mitigation at this site consisted of detailed feature mapping and test excavations of both the stone circle and the cairn. Only three pieces of lithic debitage were recovered in associa­ tion with the stone circle and a single cobble core in associa­ tion with the cairn. Consequently, no further investigations are anticipated.

References Goldsmith, A. Sean 2004 Historical Resources Impact Assessment The City of Calgary Hwy 22X Looping Project: Final Report (Permit Number 04-057), unpublished consultants report on file with the Heritage Resource Manage­ ment Branch.

Gryba, Eugene M. 1985 Historical Resources Impact Assessment of Cadron Gravel Pit, Harold Creek/Salisbury Road, and Horse Creek Crossing (Permit Number 85-025), unpub­ lished consultants report on file with the Heritage Resource Management Branch.

Hanna, Sharon, and Don Hanna 2009 Historical Resources Impact Assessment, South and West Calgary Ring Road: Final Report (Permit 2007-458), unpublished consultants report on file with the Heritage Resource Management Branch.

Loveseth, Bea A., W.J. Brogan and Stanley Van Dyke 1986 Mitigation Excavations Salisbury-Harold Creek Road EiPs-13, EiPr-4, EiPr-5 (Permit Number 85- 066), unpublished consultants report on file with the Heritage Resource Management Branch.

No. 51 2010 19 Archaeological Society of Alberta President's 2009-2010 Review Submitted By Joanne Braaten

The 2009 - 2010 term for the Archaeological Society of the fall of 2010 or early in 2011. This must be very exciting, Alberta now comes to a close with yet another year of contin­ to be assisting with the education process for the general ued activity working toward the objectives of the Alberta public in a field that our members are so passionate about. Historical Resources Act. The participating Centres of the Archaeological Society of Alberta are constantly promoting A weekend hosted by Ron and Mary Arm Barnett for the the understanding of Alberta's cultural heritage. This is Medicine Hat Centre included a tour of the Herron Effigy, the largely achieved through the guest speaker lecture series, Lanfine Wheel, the Buffalo Bird Wheel, Stammer's Wheel, public information tables, public presentations, workshops, Anderson #1 and #2, the Ross Drive Lane, the antelope drive fieldtrips, and special projects that have been organized to lane on the Howe Ranch, as well as a tour of the private reach out to the professional and avocational archaeologists, collection of Vernon and Helen Johnston in Oyen. as well as the general public. The highlight for the Calgary Centre during the summer event This past year began with the 34th Annual General Meeting schedule was the Glenbow Town and Quarry Survey. This held jointly with Saskatchewan in Bodo Alberta, April 30 to involved many volunteers in the mapping of house depres­ May 3, 2009. The conference hosted two full days of present­ sions in the former village of Glenbow, located in Alberta's ers, a tour of the Bodo Archaeological Locality, guest speak­ newest provincial park, just outside of Calgary. Members had ers Jack Brink and Ernie Walker at the banquet, and the the opportunity to volunteer for any of the seven days of field "Rock'n" Archaeological field Trip. It is always a pleasure to work for this project from June through November 2009. share experiences with other Societies or Associations. A special event for the Strathcona Centre was the grand open­ Summer Programs ing for the new facilities of the Institute of Prairie Archae­ The exciting summer program for the Lethbridge Centre saw ology at the University of Alberta. a day of mapping the Noble Point Effigy, as well as a tour of the Cluny Fortified Village Site. Winter Programs As you have all read in the individual Centre reports, the The Medicine Hat Centre was invited by the Lethbridge Speaker Series programs were wonderful. My only sugges­ Centre to participate in the mapping of the Nobel Point tion would be to make sure this was submitted for the web- Effigy. They also had a tour of the Sweetgrass Hills, contin­ page. I feel it is a shame to have such wonderful speakers ued with Shane Tolman in the "Mammoth Footprint Mould­ planned and not to share it with other Centres or the general ing Project," and participated in the Heritage Days at the Es­ public. planade. Grant Applications The Calgary Centre hosted two guided tours, with the first to The past year we had five grant proposals submitted. Calgary view the rock art at Zephyr Creek and the second to view the submitted one for an Historic Artifact Workshop for sites of The Okotoks Big Rock, The Old Women's Buffalo $1,425.00; one for their annual Stone Tool/Lithic Workshop Jump, the Nanton Erratic Rock Art Site, the Willow Creek for $2,520.00; as well as one for the Glenbow Ranch of Alignments, the Carmangay Stone Circles, and the Sundial $4,500.00; Red Deer submitted one for the Stone Tool and Medicine Wheel. Artifact Identification Workshop for $2,000.00; and Medicine Hat submitted one for the Stone Tool/Lithic Workshop for The Strathcona Centre and the Red Deer Centre both had $1,000.00. All of the five proposals were granted. quiet summer programs this past year. Scholarships Workshops Although there are no specific scholarship programs through This past year included a very informative Historic Artifact the ASA, the Lethbridge Centre continues as it has for over Workshop, as well as the annual Stone Tool - Lithic Work­ twenty years to provide a $500.00 scholarship to a student shop offering a session for beginners and a more advanced enrolled in the Archaeological Program at the University of level for the Calgary Centre. Lethbridge. The Calgary Centre presents the Wes Johnston Student Award in Archaeology through the University of Cal­ Special Projects gary, The Humphreys Archaeological Student Award through Special projects this past term for the Lethbridge Centre con­ Mount Royal University, as well as the Cody Travel Award to sisted of taking core samples with the geo-probe at two loca­ a member in good standing. tions along Willow Creek west of Granum with Howard Cyr from the University of Calgary. The Lethbridge Centre was Publications also approached by the Town of Taber regarding the possibil­ The Volume 10 of the Occasional Papers series was published ity of assisting in the creation of an archaeological program in in February 2009 and Volume 11 is still in the works. This

20 The Alberta Archaeological Review particular volume has been a bit slower coming out than the you Jim for your many hours and the wonderful product you authors would have liked, but they do expect it by the summer have produced for all of the Centres and the Provincial Coor­ of 2010. dinator.

For the Archaeological Review, there have been some big Upcoming Events changes in the last year. With a bit of a time lag, from Issue There are a few events coming up that deserve a moment. 49 to Issue 50, in January 2010, the latest issue was printed. I Strathcona will be hosting their annual North Saskatchewan would like to extend a special thank you to Trevor Peck and River valley walking tour, hosted by Heinz Pyszczyk, Historic Jason Gillespie for their three years of dedication to the edit­ Resources Management Branch, which is always a huge suc­ ing of the Review. I would also like to thank Carmen Olson cess. The event we should be most looking forward to is their for her dedication for the Layout and Design over the last 2010 Archaeolympics, sounds very intriguing and we look three years as well. I would now like to extend a warm wel­ forward to updates. come to Anne English for accepting the position for Layout and Design and putting together the last issue. Dan Meyer The Calgary Centre is also planning to host a Facial Recon­ has also accepted the position of the Editor for the Review struction Workshop in the fall 2010. and has been working with Anne on this and future issues. Membership Following some discussion at the most recent ASA executive Paid membership throughout the province now stands at meeting there may be some changes to future Reviews. It was roughly 340. thought that there could be some updating of the publication, perhaps even some colour. Volunteer Hours Through all the efforts and hard work of all of the Centres the Duncan Lloyd, Jim McMurchy and Shawn Bubel of the volunteer hours total approximately 5,000. This indicates that Lethbridge Centre are in the process of working on a reprint all of us have been working very hard to promote Archae­ for the Record in Stone. We look forward to that later this ology and our Cultural Heritage within our province. year. Representation News As of October 2009, the Calgary Centre was granted a second I have been working closely with the Red Deer Centre with Provincial representative, based on their membership num­ regards to having it reinstated as an active centre. Jean Kauf­ bers, even though there has been some controversy over the man, Vandy Bowyer and Larry Steinbrenner have been very ambiguous wording of the existing Bylaws. Perhaps this is an active in getting things rolling and have been working hard to issue for the Business Plan and Review Committee to address. get the upcoming workshop on May 8th, 2010 put together. Although there have been a few setbacks along the way, I President Duties believe we are just around the corner from being reinstated. With this being a new position for myself as the ASA Presi­ dent, I tended to take a different approach, with the exception The Business Plan and Review Committee was established in of Marshall Dzurko. One of my goals was to attend a 2008. The initial goals were to address what ASA issues monthly speakers meeting or an executive meeting of each of needed to be tweaked if you will. The provincial coordinator the ASA Centres. I was able to achieve this goal and I feel as job description and expectation were drawn up. Some issues though I learned more by participating than by sitting on the still need to be addressed, including updating of the bylaws, sidelines. re-examining the ASA mandate, etc. Although there has been a bit of an hiatus for this committee, they are still committed I also attended the Grand Opening of the Institute of Prairie to achieving the goals they set out to achieve. Archaeology at the University of Alberta in March. I thought it very fitting, since two years prior Janice Andreas had writ­ As many of you have seen and probably used the newly ten a letter on behalf of the ASA in support of this venture. created Web Site from last years AGM, I personally think that it has been working very well. My thanks to Shawn Bubel Finally, to conclude my term as the ASA President, is the and her "assistants" for all of their hard work and efforts to 2010 35th Annual General Meeting hosted by Calgary, which make sure it is working well. We are in the process of trans­ as you know has been in conjunction with the Canadian ferring that task of maintaining the webpage to Lauren Archaeological Association. I look forward to it being a huge Copithorne. I would again like to encourage all of the Centres success. to make sure they are submitting information to have things updated on the webpage, myself included. I would like to say thank you to all of the ASA members for allowing me the opportunity to serve as your President for the The Operations manual, you may recall from past minutes of 2009-2010 term. Thank you to all of the executive who sup­ the AGMs or ASA executive meeting, has been on the agenda ported me, and for all of your hard work throughout this past for some time now. Well, in the past year Jim McMurchy has year. It has been an enjoyable experience. been working very diligently gathering information for this manual in hard copy format. As you can well appreciate this is a venture that takes a lot of time and research to be com­ piled properly and I know the hours have been plenty. Thank

No. 51 2010 21 Regional Annual Reports 2009-2010

Bodo Centre Report 2009-2010 Submitted By Kim Larson

Bodo Executive for 2009-2010 Since our desire is to develop the Bodo Archaeology Centre and Dig Sites as a first-class Alberta tourism venue, and the President: Kim Larson University of Alberta's goal is to advance academic research Vice President: Wade Rehman and teaching, the university decided to locate a different Secretary: Agnes Whiting archaeological site for its field school in the future. Conse­ Treasurer: Iris Larson quently, the Bodo Archaeological Society moved forward to Directors: Naomi Darragh create a public archaeology program. We continue to grow Leila Grobel archaeology and educational tourism right here in our own Linda Heck backyard! Richard Holmes Peter Kirchmeir Strategic planning, fundraising and program development Elizabeth (Beth) Mann occupied our time throughout the winter. Our growth and Robert (Bob) Paulgaard success depends on the dedication of our Board of Directors, Provincial Rep: N/A members and staff; coupled with the strategic marketing alliance of Buffalo Adventures and the cooperation of the 2009 was a new beginning for the Bodo Archaeological community of Bodo and the Provost & District Museum. Society! On-site adult, children's, family and youth archaeology and It was our first full year of operations without a University of "Life in the Past" camps are planned for the upcoming Alberta Field School. We are happy to report that in spite of summer. A professional archaeologist and tour guides will this loss, we experienced a very successful season, beginning support your personal "hands-on" learning activities. Reserve with the Joint Conference of ASA (Archaeological Society of your spot at [email protected] or 403-753-6353. Alberta) and SAS (Saskatchewan Archaeological Society), April 30 to May 03, 2009. The three day conference brought Thanks to our dedicated volunteers the Bodo Archaeology 135 avocational and professional archaeologists together Centre & Dig Sites are a vibrant and vital tourism destination from Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba and Saskatche­ today! It is estimated that members of the Society volun­ wan; to learn about amazing archaeological discoveries. teered some 1950 hours of their time. The Bodo Archaeology Centre and Dig Sites welcomed school tours and visitors throughout the summer months. We also celebrated with an Open House and Tours once again on July 1, 2009

Bodo 2010 Update Submitted by Christie Grekul and Roxanna Wotschell

2010 was the seventh consecutive year of the operation of the dents from across Alberta and Saskatchewan visit Bodo to Bodo Archaeological Society (BAS). The 2010 season saw discover archaeology through the curriculum-based programs the continuation and further development of public archae­ offered at the Bodo Archaeological Center. These programs ology programs at the Bodo Archaeological Site. This sum­ follow the curriculum set out by Alberta Education and are mer the focus was on the Kids Day Camps. Five kids camps currently in place for grades one through nine. During the were held this year during the months of July and August. In school visits, the students learn basic archaeological, histori­ total 22 kids took part in these programs. During these cal, and cultural information specific to the Bodo Site and camps children ages 5 to 15 got to experience archaeology this portion of east-central Alberta. for a day. They learned the basics of being a real archaeolo­ gist through hands-on activities, including a 'mock kids dig,' 2010 was also the 9th annual Archaeological Open House an interactive tour of an archaeology laboratory, and a field held in Bodo. The successful celebration ran from 10 am to 4 visit. Other fun activities at the camp included face painting, pm, and tours of the archaeological center and site were story time, and practicing spearing a 'bison' with a handmade available all day long. Other activities included an on-site arrow. flint knapper, a silent auction, a colouring contest, a kids mock dig, face painting, displays of artifacts, a working labo­ In addition to the summer kid camps, several school tours of ratory on display, local craft demonstrations, as well as a the Bodo Archaeological Centre and Site were undertaken BBQ bison burger dinner. Since 2011 will be the 10th during the 2010 school year. These tours saw over 100 stu­ annual open house, many exciting events are being planned

22 The Alberta Archaeological Review including a possible reunion for all of the past field school On August 13, 2010, several members from Alberta Educa­ students, staff, and volunteers. tion (including people from The Learning Network and The Critical Thinking Consortium) spent an entire day in Bodo. Two summer students were employed to assist in the opera­ During their day they got to visit the Bodo Site and learn tion of the public archaeology programs at the Bodo Archaeo­ about the history and future of the archaeological research at logical Center and Site this summer. These students were the site. This day was a huge success and everyone had a both undergraduate archaeology students. Tamara M artel, a great time, despite the gloomy and rainy weather. Currently, student starting her third year at the University of Lethbridge, Bodo continues to work with this group of professionals to spent 13 weeks working in the archaeology lab and providing develop Critical Challenges that focus on archaeology and the public tours. While, Claire Jones, who just completed an Bodo Site. These challenges will be incorporated into the undergraduate degree in archaeology at the University of Cal­ new Social Studies Curriculums in Alberta for Grades 4, 5, gary, also spent eight weeks working in the archaeology lab and 7. On August 13th, a new promotion video was also shot and participating in public tours. at the Bodo Archaeological Center and site, and representa­ tives from Travel Alberta also participated in the day's events.

Calgary Centre Report 2009-2010 Submitted By Shari Peyerl & Joanne Braaten

Calgary Centre Executive for 2009-2010 M. Anne Katzenberg - Understanding Past Diet in Siberian President: Joanne Braaten Fisher-Hunter-Gatherers from Lake Baikal, Russia Vice President: Janet McLeod Dan Meyer - Deep in the Cypress Hills: the 2007 and 2008 Secretary: Shari Peyerl Excavation and Stabilization Program at the Stampede Site Treasurer: Jessica Langer Past President: Brian Vivian Awards and Scholarships Directors: Michelle Wickham The Richard Forbis Award was presented in April 2009 to the Michael Turney Calgary Municipal Land Corporation in recognition of their Erika Sakrison work on the East Village Project. The Wes Johnston Student Pete Truch Award in Archaeology through the University of Calgary was Susan de Caen presented to Ms. Christine Verwoerd in November 2009. The Lynette Edison Humphreys Archaeological Student Award through Mount Janet Blakey Royal University was presented to Jennifer Ayles in October Student Director: Autumn Whiteway 2009. The presentation of the Cody Travel Award was granted to Lance Evans to support his attendance at a field Mount Royal College Liaison: school in Ecuador. Roman Harrison Provincial Reps: Brian Vivian Janet McLeod Workshops Lifetime Honorary Directors: Winter activities for the Calgary Centre consisted of a couple Jim Humphreys of workshops. Margaret Kennedy conducted a very informa­ Jeanne Cody tive Historic Artifact Workshop in November 2009. Our Honorary Director: Sheila Johnston annual Stone Tool / Lithic Workshop was held in March 2010 Newsletter Editor: Janet Blakey and offered beginner and advanced classes under the instruc­ tion of Jason Roe and Tim Rast, respectfully. This year, for The Calgary Centre works hard to promote archaeology to the the first time, hafting of stone tools was addressed in the public. Members participate in public information tables, advanced class. public presentations, workshops, and field trips. The Calgary Centre provides several scholarships and awards and presents Public Presentations a Speaker Series to support the study of archaeology among The Calgary Centre provided information tables at the Gem, students and the general public. Mineral and Fossil Show in May 2009, the Bow Valley Park Days in July 2009, the Chacmool Conference in November The Calgary Centre Speaker Series 2009-2010 2009, and the Paleontological Symposium in March 2010. Jack Ives - Another Ten Remarkable Things about Alberta These are a valuable means of dispensing news about our Archaeology. events and activities, as well as selling a variety of publica­ Dale Walde - The Cluny Fortified Village Site (EePf-1). tions and other merchandise. Mike Wilson - Laid Back West Coast Bison, Early Post­ glacial Environments, and Evidence for Pre-Clovis People. The Calgary Centre continues to forge closer ties with Cal­ Mjoll Snaesdottir - Archaeology of the Settlement Period in gary Parks by providing public lectures and guided tours of Iceland local parks and acting as key advisors on public stakeholder Patrick Carmichael - Moche Erotic Art: Sex and Death in committees. Ancient Peru

No. 51 2010 23 Field Trips/ Events ference. This past year we also held two garage sales, one in The highlight of the summer event schedule was the Glenbow June and the other in August. A book sale was a new fund- Town and Quarry Survey. This involved many volunteers in raising event we tried this September and as it was successful the mapping of house depressions in the former village of you can look forward to more of these in the future. All of Glenbow, located in Alberta's newest provincial park, just these events contribute the needed funds for the publication of outside of Calgary. Members had the opportunity to volun­ the Annual Speakers Series Pamphlet, as well as the general teer for any of the seven days of field work for this project operating costs for the Calgary Centre. A special thank you to from June through November 2009. Forty-five people volun­ everyone who participated in these events and to those who teered on-site, including eighteen ASA members. Special donated items. thanks to IBI for donating their professional survey expertise, and to Trevor Peck and Wendy Unfreed for conducting tours The Calgary Centre would like to again thank Bill Spencer of the site for the volunteers. We would also like to thank the who was extremely generous in providing a substantial cash Stewards of Glenbow Ranch Park Foundation for the support donation. of their membership. The current count of volunteer hours The previously mentioned information tables, guided tours contributed to this project is 1160 hours; of these, 743 hours and public talks have served to keep activities of the Calgary were donated by our members. We wish to thank all those Centre within the public eye, resulting in our stable and grow­ who have contributed to this project. ing membership base; we are currently at 150 paid members. We are pleased to note that 58 members have elected to Other activities over the summer months for our members receive their newsletters electronically, which helps us keep included a guided tour, by Michael Turney, of the rock art at our costs down and helps preserve the environment. Zephyr Creek in August 2009 and a field trip in August led by Don Hanna to The Okotoks Big Rock, The Old Women's The Calgary Centre continues to play a key role in the produc­ Buffalo Jump, the Nanton Erratic Rock Art Site, the Willow tion and distribution of the "Occasional Papers of the Creek Alignments, the Carmangay Stone Circles, and the Archaeological Society of Alberta" and we recognize Calgary Sundial Medicine Wheel. members Barney Reeves, the Editor in Chief, and Joanne Braaten, the Associate Editor, as well as Carol McCreary, the An archaeological open house was arranged by the Calgary Treasurer, for their continued efforts. Calgary Centre mem­ Centre and kindly offered on two days in July and August bers are also very active in the production and distribution of 2009 by Bison Historical Services. the Alberta Archaeological Review, so we would like to rec­ ognize Anne English, Assistant Editor, and Andrea Richard­ Cataloguing of the shells for 'The Doris Humphreys Shell son, Treasurer and in charge of distribution. Collection" that was donated to the Calgary Centre by the Humphreys family provided volunteer opportunities for the As you can see we have had a busy year. Overall, our mem­ Calgary Centre. This project began in March of 2008, but the bers have contributed 1043 hours volunteering for these vari­ actual cataloguing began early in 2009, with the assistance of ous events (not counting the Glenbow project hours already the Department of Archaeology at the University of Calgary. discussed). In conclusion, the Calgary Centre executive A special thank you to Pete and Doreen Truch, William expresses our thanks to our membership, to all who have con­ Blanchette, Milton Lowe, Carol McCreary, Anne English, tributed in some fashion to make the Archaeological Society Andrea Richardson, Metaxia Georgopoulos, Rosiland Osztian of Alberta Calgary Centre the vibrant organization it is today. Sherry Rourke and Sharon Gordon, for their dedication. We also wish to note the passing of Jim Humphreys, who contributed so much the Archaeological Society over the Fund Raising years. Also, thanks to the Executive of the Calgary Centre, Fund raising events this past year included silent auctions at who regularly meets once a month to plan events and keeps the ASA provincial AGM in Bodo and at the Chacmool Con­ the Centre running smoothly.

Lethbridge Centre Report 2009-2010 Submitted By Jim McMurchy

Lethbridge Executive for 2009-2010 The year began with several members attending the ASA Annual General Meeting hosted by Bodo Centre at the end of President: Jim McMurchy April. This was a joint meeting with the Saskatchewan Vice President: Duncan Lloyd Archaeological Society with over 120 members from both Past President: Dr. Shawn Bubel Societies in attendance. Treasurer: Dermis Mikalson Secretary: Judy Sturgeon Congratulations to one of our student members, Chrissy Fore­ Provincial Rep: Dr. Shawn Bubel man of the University of Lethbridge who was voted as the Board of Directors: Richard Crowe Bob Shore best presenter at the meeting. There were over 20 speakers Peter Slemko Gerry Kyllo during the two days of talks. Bob Stanko Tamara M artel Carley Stewart Scholarship Newsletter Editor: Peter Imhof The Lethbridge Centre continues as it has for over twenty

24 The Alberta Archaeological Review years to provide a $500.00 scholarship to a student enrolled in December - Brian Vivian, archaeologist Lifeways of Canada the Archaeological Program at the University of Lethbridge. 'The East Village Project and History Beneath our Feet" The recipient of the award in 2009 was Chrissy Foreman. This was our annual supper meeting which was held at the New Dynasty Restaurant and was very well attended with Field Trips 40 members and guests present. The new years began with our field trip on May 30th to map the Noble Point Effigy. This was very well attended by over January - This was our Annual General Meeting with election twenty members and guests from Lethbridge and Medicine of officers as well as member's night as well as elections Hat Centres as well as Wendy Unfreed from the Archaeologi­ of officers. The current executive was re-elected for an­ cal Survey, Edmonton. other term with the exception on one new member elected as a director. Thanks to Chrissy Foreman, Shawn Bubel and Jim Chrissy Forman gave a brief presentation on "Mapping the McMurchy for placing the grid over the area to be mapped Noble Point Effigy", sites visited following the AGM in earlier in the month as well as all those who attended and Bodo and "Knife River Flint Quarries." Jim McMurchy assisted with the mapping. A special thank you is extended to showed slides of archaeological sites he has visited and Lawrence and Wilma Barany for allowing us access to their volunteered at over the years. land to do the mapping. February - Dr. Dan Meyer, archaeologist, Lifeways of Canada In June, a field trip was arranged to visit the Cluny Fortified "A Tale of Two Lakes and 2009 Archaeological Surveys Village Site. Unfortunately only three members attended but at Buck and Touchwood Lakes." the tour of the site lead by Dr. Dale Walde was very informa­ tive. March - Don Boras, archaeologist, Arrow Archaeology "Rescue Archaeology: Consulting Archaeology (CRM) in Presentations Action. Also in June, President Jim McMurchy gave a presentation to an elementary class at Jennie Emery Elementary School in April - Dr. John Dormaar, member of Lethbridge Centre Coaldale. "Oil City - Alberta's First Oil Well."

In October, 2009 five members of the Centre assisted Howard In March of 2010, Lethbridge Centre was approached by the Cyr from the University of Calgary take core samples with the Town of Taber regarding the possibility of assisting Taber geo-probe at two locations along Willow Creek west of with some sort of archaeological program in the fall of 2010 Granum. or early in 2011. The Town of Taber is contemplating a new park on the northwest corner of the town. As there are two In January, 2010 Bob Shore gave a slide presentation regard­ archaeological sites on the property, the Bayrock Site (DkPb ing archaeology to the Lethbridge Senior Citizens Organiza­ 2) and a site containing numerous tipi rings, the town wants to tion. Also, Jim McMurchy gave a presentation to the incorporate and highlight these features within the park. In Lethbridge Historical Society titled "A Photographic Tour of this regard, Bob Shore and Jim McMurchy met with a repre­ Southern Alberta Archaeological Sites." sentative from the Town of Taber and discussed several possi­ bilities. Further meetings will be held regarding this matter. Meetings Duncan Lloyd, Shawn Bubel and Jim McMurchy met regard­ While no definite plans for field trips have been made to date, ing the reprinting of the book "Record in Stone." Further it is anticipated that there will be some held between now and work will be done to try to get the book reprinted in 2010. the fall of 2010.

A motion to amend the bylaws passed at a meeting in April, Our membership has shown a marked increase over the past 2007 was not forwarded to Corporate Registries. This has year and currently stands at sixty (60). Average attendance at since been done and the bylaws have been changed and suc­ our lecture series has been over 30 members and the general cessfully registered. public. Over the past year, members of Lethbridge Centre have con­ Monthly Meetings and Speaker Series tributed in excess of 2,630 hours volunteering for various Our regular monthly meetings commenced in October, 2009 activities, functions, etc. at the local level as well as for the and a list of speakers and topics were as follows: Provincial Society.

October - Chrissy Foreman, Student University of Lethbridge At this time, I would like to take the opportunity to thank all "Bone Uprights, Red Ochre and Dogs, OhMy!" the members for their attendance at the regular monthly meet­ ings, field trips, etc. as well as the members of the executive November - Dr. Dale Walde, Professor University of Calgary and anyone else who helped make the past year a successful 'Three Seasons at Cluny Site - A few answers and Many one. more questions!"

No. 51 2010 25 Red Deer Centre Report 2009-2010 Submitted By Jean Kaufmann

Red Deer Executive for 2009-2010 Our membership is 7-9 as of the 12th of April. We are plan­ ning our Speakers Series and our meetings will be held at Red President: Jean Kaufmann Deer College. A fieldtrip to Dry Island Buffalo Jump this summer was suggested but one of our members informed us In 2009 Vandy Bowyer contacted Brian Vivian in regards to that this same trip is being held on the 3rd of May. It is being whether Red Deer had a chapter of the Archaeological Society. Jean Kaufmann contacted Ms. Bowyer and Red Deer hosted by the Central Alberta Regional Consortium, who pro­ College instructor Larry Steinbrenner. Along with Joanne vides professional development to Central Alberta educators. Braaten several meetings have been held to plan for the Arrangements have been made to allow any of our member­ revival of Red Deer Centre. Our registration application is ship to attend. being processed. An 'Artefact Identification Workshop and Membership Drive' has been planned for the May 8th, 2010. We will be piggy backing again with the Red Deer Historic Society's School Fair.

South Eastern Alberta Centre Report 2009-2010 Submitted By Shirley Rose

SEAAS Executive for 2009-2010 timely topics. Jack Brink: Head- Smashed- In Buffalo Jump President: Shirley Rose Dr. Margaret Kennedy: Situating the Homestead Past President: Janice Andreas Dr. Len Hills: What Have We Learned from Wally's Vice President: Ian McLaughlin Beach? Secretary: Gillian Sandham Treasurer: Maureen Dowler March - Shayne Tolman: Mapping of Track Way at Wally's Provincial Rep: Ian McLauglin Beach, DhPg-8 Directors: Ron Barnett Veronica Blocksage April - Saamis site, cancelled due to access difficulties Karl Mueller May - Bodo Provincial Conference. Members travelled to SEAAS regularly meets the third Wednesday of the month Etzikom to pay respect to a long ago member, Wind­ from September to May. Recently, meetings are being held at mill Bill. Police Point Park Interpretive Center in a co-operative agree­ ment to exchange volunteer hours for a reduced rate. The June - The Society participated in Heritage Days at the Es­ annual fee charged to the Society is 100 dollars. The society planade by hosting a table of information. omits a December meeting and holds its AGM, in lieu of a monthly meeting, in February. The past two years has seen a Members participated in a mapping of the Noble Point partnership with the Museum regarding Archaeology Month effigy with Lethbridge Centre. at the Museum in February, 2009. It was a month hosting various speakers with expenses, advertising, and ideas shared July - Ron and MaryAnn Barnett were hosts to our members between the Museum and SEAAS. This year, due to limited who enjoyed the weekend, camping and potluck eat­ resources, Archaeology Month at the Museum was down­ ing in the Quonset during a violent summer storm, graded to the AGM. However, with increased input and ini­ viewing the following sites: Herron Effigy; Lanfine tial involvement from our Society, it is hoped that in 2011 a Wheel; and Buffalo Bird Wheel. return to the standard set in 2009 will be achieved. Members were treated to the private collection of Vernon and Helen Johnston at his home in Oyen. Memberships Stammer's Wheel, Anderson #1 and #2, Ross Drive With 29 paid memberships our annual fees remain at $7.50 Lane, (new) and the antelope drive lane on the Howe single and $10.00 family. Ranch.

Field Trips and Speakers August/Sept - Sweetgrass Hills January - Archive Tour, led by Philip Pype, through the back rooms of the Museum. October - Wendy Unfreed: from Ministry of Culture and Community Spirit, Historical Resources Management February: - Archaeology Month at the Museum: in partner­ Branch presented her topic titled "Preserving the Past ship with the Museum, various speakers presented for the Future."

26 The Alberta Archaeological Review November - Dale Walde, Universty of Calgary, presented his Traditionally, meetings are suspended this month. topic, "Cluny Fortified Village Site". Members supported the Annual Hayride by volunteer­ Our partnership with the Volunteer Center came to an ing. Our thanks for their time to Ruth Tidy, Lorine abrupt end with the closure of their facility at Earl Marshall, Jim Marshall and Shirley Rose. Kitchener School. The Society held the November meeting in plush seats at the College with the invalu­ Field trips were well attended and our thanks to the committee able assistance of Karl Mueller. who organized them. It was another year of rich content and opportunity. December - The Society has partnered with Police Point Park Interpretive center to hold its meeting there, in return As outgoing president, thank you for your input and your for $100 per year and our promise to volunteer for involvement which has made my term most enjoyable. events as the need arises.

Strathcona Archaeological Society Centre Report 2009-2010 Submitted By George Chalut

Strathcona Executive for 2009-2010 January 21, 2010: Stone Age Archaeology in Tanzania, Dr. Pam Willoughby, Anthropology Department, President: George Chalut University of Alberta. Vice President: Angela Younie Treasurer: Monty Ross February 18, 2010: Evidence of the Manufacture of an Eagle Secretary: Kathy Gadd Wing Fan at the Morkin Site, by Bob Dawe and Caro­ Provincial Rep: Christine Grekul line Hudecek-Cuffe. Board of Directors: Dave Clyburn Ruth Hill Presented by Caroline Hudecek-Cuffe. Peter Kirchmeier March 18, 2010: Stone Adzes or Antler Wedges? An Experi­ Kurtis Blaikie-Birkigt mental Study on Pre-contact Tree-felling in the North­ western Boreal Forest Region. Meetings of the Strathcona Archaeological Society (SAS) are Dr. Ray Le Blanc, Anthropology Department, generally held from September to April, on the third Thursday University of Alberta. of each month. The SAS holds its meetings in a Department of Anthropology room in the Henry Marshall Tory Building April 15, 2010: Bodo: The Non-musical. (Tory Room 14-28) on the University of Alberta campus. The Peter Kirchmeir, Anthropology Department, University SAS has approximately 30 registered members. of Alberta.

Activities Future Activities After a quiet summer, we started the 2009-2010 year in Activities discussed for the upcoming summer are: October with the annual Winter Lecture Series. A Christmas - The ever popular North Saskatchewan River valley walking social gathering was organized for December 17th, 2009 tour, hosted by Heinz Pyszczyk, Historic Resources Man­ when members could enjoy food and drink while presenting agement Branch. images and stories from their summer adventures. In March, - 2010 Archaeolympics. several members of the Society attended the grand opening - Summer barbecue at Kathy's! for the new facilities of the Institute of Prairie Archaeology in HUB Mall on the University of Alberta campus. The 2011 ASA AGM Organizing Committee is in the process of plan­ ning for the next annual general meeting and conference which will be held in Edmonton next May.

Winter Lecture Series included the following presentations:

October 22, 2009: The East Village Project and the History Beneath Our Feet. Brian Vivian, Lifeways of Canada Ltd.

November 19, 2009: Beofhuk, Innu and Pre-contact Bird Hunting in Newfoundland and Labrador. Todd Kristensen, Memorial University.

No. 51 2010 27 Archaeological Society of Alberta 35th Annual General Meeting Minutes May 1, 2010 Recorded and Submitted By Carol McCreary

The Archaeological Society of Alberta Calgary Centre hosted Jim McMurchy Moved that the Financial Report be adopted the 2010 AGM Conference in conjunction with the annual as presented. This was seconded by Ron Barnett. Carried. conference of the Canadian Archaeological Association. The meeting was held in the Leduc Room at the Fairmont Palliser Other Reports: Andrea Richardson Moved that the Archaeo­ Hotel in Calgary. logical Review Financial Statement be accepted as presented and Patrick Carmichael Seconded. Carried. Call to Order: The meeting was called to order at 5:05 PM by President Joanne Braaten. Carol McCreary Moved that the Financial Report for the Oc­ casional Papers be accepted as presented and Janet Blakey There were 23 members present. Joanne Braaten distributed seconded. Carried. her President's report which had not been in the package distributed prior to the meeting. Centre President's Reports: Year end reports from each Centre with the exception of Bodo were distributed in the Consideration of the Agenda: Ed McCullough moved the AGM packages. John Dormaar Moved that the reports from agenda be accepted as presented. Carried. each centre be accepted as presented. Phyllis McLaughin seconded. Carried. Carol McCreary was appointed secretary for the meeting. Ian McLaughin Moved that Andrea Richardson's Review Minutes of the May 2, 2009 Meeting: Janet Blakey Moved report be accepted as presented and Jim McMurchy Seconded. that the minutes of the AGM held at Bodo on May 2, 2009 be Carried. accepted as presented. John Dormaar Seconded the motion. Carried. Old Business

President's Report: Joanne Braaten read the report. She then Business Plan Review Committee introduced Lauren Copithorne as the new Provincial Coordi­ Joanne Braaten said she hoped to get this committee together nator and advised that web page updates could be forwarded again but currently there were no meetings scheduled. to her. Provincial Coordinator 2009 Financial Report: Jim McMurchy explained that the year The Saskatchewan Archaeological Society has been contacted end for the Archaeological Review and the Occasional Papers to get some feedback on the duties of this position. Ed has been changed to December 31 to coincide with the Pro­ McCullough asked it there was position description. Joanne vincial accounting. The year end for both accounts previously Braaten indicated that there is one but it needs tweaked. This ended on March 31. is the reason for asking the SAS for assistance. Ed McCul­ lough asked if the Provincial Coordinator would be responsi­ Jim McMurchy asked for any questions regarding the Report. ble for book sales. Joanne said this is not known at this time. Ed McCullough asked about the inventory for the Occasional Sheila Johnston asked if there was contact information for her Papers as it was not reported. Joanne Braaten and Jim and Jim McMurchy responded that this was only through the McMurchy assured Ed that it was being done and would be Centres at this time. included in the future reports. Ian McLaughin said that Lauren had attended Medicine Hat's Jim McMurchy has done a diligent count of the Millennium AGM and was made very welcome. books and now feels that he has an accurate count on them. The books are presently stored in Lethbridge, Calgary and at George Chalut said that he felt the Provincial Coordinator the Royal Alberta Museum in Edmonton. would help the Centres focus on a provincial vision rather than on the Centres goals. Joanne Braaten said that one of the Andrea Richardson has done an inventory of the Reviews and goals of the coordinator was to help the Centres work together this is included on her report. and support each other. Another goal is to get more students interested in public archaeology. Sheila Johnston asked about the $3,500.00 in outstanding cheques at year end and was advised that this was a matter of 2011 AGM timing over the year end and were mainly cheques out­ The 2011 AGM is to be held in Edmonton and George Chalut standing for Speaker's Grants. Jim McMurchy indicated that has distributed a preliminary call for papers for it. It will be he would need the Centres to invoice him for these expenses held the second or third week in May and will be in honour of early in December in order to get the cheques cleared before Rod Vickers. Brian Vivian suggested we may be able to the year end. harmonize the AGM with the Association of Consulting Archaeologists.

28 The Alberta Archaeological Review Brian Vivian suggested that there should be some discussion be good for the Archaeological Society. Joanne Braaten said regarding some of the discontent voiced with the choice of she would be honoured to serve another term and was voted in venue of this AGM Conference this year in Calgary. The as President. joint conference was approved at the AGM last year in Bodo; however, some Centres felt they were not well informed. Sheila Johnston suggested that in future we may need a nomi­ nating committee. Ian McLaughin said he felt it was well done and Janet Blakey pointed out that there was approximately 130 people at the Executive Secretary/Treasurer - Jim McMurchy was asked to Friday evening Special Guest Lecture given by Dr. Len Hills, consider the position for another year and he agreed to con­ even though there had been a last minute change in the venue. tinue. The ASA sessions, which were in honour of Eugene Gryba, were the best attended of the conference. The Breakfast and Auditor: Jim McMurchy advised that the current Auditor for Poster session was also very popular. Ian McLaughin stated the Archaeological Society of Alberta is Renee Spohn and that anyone who did not attend missed a great time. that she has agreed to audit the books for the 2010 fiscal year.

Eugene Gryba wanted to take this opportunity to thank the Those in attendance confirmed the two appointments. Archaeological Society of Alberta Calgary Centre for the honour given to him. Alberta Archaeological Review Editor - Dan Meyer has been appointed and has accepted the New Business position. Layout and Design - Anne English has been appointed and Election of Officers she has accepted the position. Distribution - Andrea Richardson has been reappointed for Position of President another term and she will continue in that capacity. Brian Vivian nominated Joanne Braaten for another term. This was seconded by John Dormaar. Following some dis­ Those in attendance confirmed the three appointments regard­ cussion with regards to the By Laws on who is eligible for the ing the Alberta Archaeological Review. position as President, it was agreed that an individual could hold the President position for more than year. George Chalut, Brian Vivian moved the meeting be Adjourned and George who would have been appointed to the position as President Chalut Seconded. since the 2011 AGM will be hosted by the Strathcona Centre, agreed with the nomination saying that the continuity would

Assets and Liabilities of the Archaeological Society of Alberta Assets Cash on deposit 68,286.00 Dues from Centres 300.00 Camera equipment 4,000.00 U of C, Simon Fraser U. 423.00 Book inventory Millennium - 1092 @ $15.00 16,380.00 Kunaitupii - 70 @ $5.00 350.00 Total assets 89,739.00 89,739.00

Liabilities Red Deer Centre funds 991.47 Salary & expenses - Coordinator 25,000.00 Grant to Calgary Centre 2,000.00 Lethbridge Centre Scholarship 100.00 Speaker grants 200.00 Total Liabilities 28,291.47 28,291.47 Equity ( Assets less Liabilities) 61,447.53 Prepared by: "signed J.M. McMurchy" (Jim McMurchy)

No. 51 2010 29 The Archaeological Society of Alberta Financial Statement as of December 31, 2009 Bank Balances as December 31, 2008 Chequing/Plan 24 2,752.48 less outstanding cheque -608.00 2,144.48 GIC #2 10,719.35 GIC #9 10,086.31 GIC # 10 15,000.00 GIC #11 10,000.00 Shares 85.84 48,035.98 48,035.98 Income Book sales 1,118.50 Provincial dues 308.00

AHRF Grant 40,000.00 GST Rebate 38.58 Interest 562.83 L.C. Scholarship Fund 200.00 R.D.C. Funds 991.47 43,219.38 43,219.38 91,255.36 Expenses Meetings 1,499.76 Office Expenses 3,766.07 Speaker & Other Grants 17,449.53 Review membership 27.00 L.C. Scholarship 200.00 Service charges 27.00 22,969.36 22,969.36 Bank Balances as of December 31, 2009 Chequing account 5,572.31 Outstanding cheques -3,565.59 2,006.72 Plan 24 59.82 Platinum Savings 41,131.90 GIC #10 15,000.00 GIC #11 10,000.00 Shares 87.56 68,286.00 68,286.00 91,255.36

Prepared by: "signed J.M. McMurchy" Jim McMurchy, Executive Secretary-Treasurer

This is to certify that I, the undersigned have examined the books and records of the Archaeological Society of Alberta and that the above statements reflect the true financial affairs of the Society. "signed R. Spohn " Dated: February 28, 2010 R. Spohn, CMA

30 The Alberta Archaeological Review ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ALBERTA

OCCASIONAL PAPERS OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ALBERTA $25.00 plus $9.00 postage, add $3.00 postage for each additional book. No GS T!

Saahkomaapina (Boy Chief) — EeOv-68 Number; $ Cost $ Postage; Total The Mortlach Phase Number; $_ Cost > _Postage; Total The Minioia Site, An Avonlea Component in Southwestern Manitoba Number; $ Cost $ Postage; $ Total Archaeological Investigations at the Junction Site (DkPi-2) Number; $ Cost $ Postage; $ Total A Re-Evaluation of the Oxbow Dam Site (DhMn-lj: Middle Holocene Cultural Continuity on the Northern Plains Number; $ Cost $ Postage; $ Total Oldman River Dam Stone Features Study Prehistoric Archaeology Mitigation Program Technical Series Number; $ Cost $ Postage; $ Total Historical Resource Impact Assessment and Conservation Excavations at Cougar Ridge Off-Site Sewer Services Number; $ Cost $ Postage; $ Total A Reanalysis of the Long Creek Site; 45 Years after the Excavation Number; $ Cost $ Postage; $_ Total Oldman River Dam Prehistoric Archaeology Mitigation Program Campsites Study Number; $ Cost $ Postage; $ Total Oldman River Dam Prehistoric Archaeology Mitigation Program Killsites Study Number; $ Cost $ Postage; $ Total

$_ GRAND TOTAL Cheque or Money Order only, Payable to the Archaeological Society of Alberta. Ship To: (Please Print) Send Orders to: Name Archaeological Society of Alberta

Address 70 Carol McCreary Box 611 Black Diamond, AB TOL OHO

No. 51 2010 31 ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ALBERTA

PRELIMINARY CALL FOR PAPERS

The 36th Annual Meeting of the Archaeological Society of Alberta May 2011 Edmonton

We are now accepting abstracts for presentations or posters.

All topics relating to the heritage, archaeology, and history of Alberta or Canada are welcomed. Proposed sessions include: • A session in honour of Rod Vickers, retired Plains Archaeologist for the Province of Alberta. Suitable topics would include stone features, plains cultural history, and migration of cultural groups. • Site reports from recently discovered or excavated sites. We particularly wish to encourage presentations from the consulting community of interesting new sites documented in the course of CRM projects. • Papers and posters from undergraduate students and avocational archaeologists. In keeping with the ASA's mandate, we wish to encourage active participation by the public.

Please contact Kurtis Blaikie-Birkigt at [email protected] to submit an abstract or proposal.

Also Visit www.arkyalberta.com for further information on the ASA.

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The 2011 volunteer excavation is a not-for-profit program. Volunteers can expect a moderate rebate if we are booked to capacity. So act now and tell all your friends. Space is limited to ten volunteers per one-week session!

The program is scheduled for January 9th to February 5th, 2011 No experience is required or necessary... Just bring your enthusiasm and passion for adventure! www.svgdigs.com

32 The Alberta Archaeological Review