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Deliverable D2.1 Towards Tbps Communications in 6G: Use Cases and Gap Analysis

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Call: H2020-ICT-2020-2 Project reference: 101015956 Project Name: A flagship for B5G/6G vision and intelligent fabric of technology enablers connecting human, physical, and digital worlds Hexa-X Deliverable D2.1 Towards Tbps Communications in 6G: Use Cases and Gap Analysis Date of delivery: 30/06/2021 Version: 1.0 Start date of project: 01/01/2021 Duration: 30 months Document properties: Document Number: D2.1 Document Title: Towards Tbps Communications in 6G: Use Cases and Gap Analysis Editor(s): Kilian Roth (INT), Nicola Michailow (SAG), Aarno Pärssinen (OUL), Hardy Halbauer (NOG) Authors: Kilian Roth (INT), Nicola Michailow (SAG), Aarno Pärssinen (OUL), Hardy Halbauer (NOG), Katsuyuki Haneda (AAU), Tommy Svensson (CHA), Muris Sarajlic (EAB), Yinggang Li (EAB), Leonardo Gomes Baltar (INT), Marko E Leinonen (OUL), Pekka Kyösti (OUL), Antti Tölli (OUL), Andreas Wolfgang (QRT), Xinxin Yang (QRT), Davide Sorbara (TIM), Ahmad Nimr (TUD), Meik Dörpinghaus (TUD), Roberto Bomfin (TUD), Stephan Zeitz (TUD), Yaning Zou (TUD) Contractual Date of Delivery: 30/06/2021 Dissemination level: PU1 Status: Final Version: 1.0 File Name: Hexa-X_D2.1 Revision History Revision Date Issued by Description 0.1 18/2/2021 Kilian Roth Initial Version 0.2 27/4/2021 Kilian Roth Fixing linking bugs and track changes problems 0.3 11/5/2021 Kilian Roth Removing track changes history 0.4 15/5/2021 Kilian Roth Version for internal review 0.5 31/5/2021 Kilian Roth Version for external review 1.0 28/6/2021 Kilian Roth Release version 1 CO = Confidential, only members of the consortium (including the Commission Services) PU = Public Abstract This report provides the initial technology assessment of Hexa-X work package 2: “Novel radio access technologies towards 6G”. Out of the use cases developed in Hexa-X, all related to tera bits per second (Tbps) communication are identified. They are further developed into initial requirements related to the physical layer. Based on this requirement gaps of current and future technology are identified. Potential solution of these gaps and the future developments in this work package are also presented. Keywords 6G vision, physical layer, 100 – 300 GHz, hardware models, beamforming, channel measurements, distributed MIMO Disclaimer The information and views set out in this deliverable are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect views of the whole Hexa-X Consortium, nor the official opinion of the European Union. Neither the European Union institutions and bodies nor any person acting on their behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained therein. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programmed under grant agreement No 101015956. Hexa-X Deliverable D2.1 Executive Summary The main target of this deliverable is to give a first insight into the current state of the technology (including related deficiencies) for wireless communication in the frequency range of 100 to 300 GHz as well as other physical layer enabling technologies for future wireless communication systems. We combine a top down approach originating from the use cases with the bottom up approach starting from predicted performance of future systems. These two approaches meet midway to identify promising directions of future work. The top-down approach relates the use cases developed in Work Package 1 (WP1) of Hexa-X to physical layer and hardware implementation related Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). These KPIs are compared to the related performance achieved by present-day mobile communication systems. Among the use cases related to physical layer aspects the following groups of use-cases are formed: • Short range wireless connectivity consisting of wireless access and local networks including device to device communication • Long range wireless connectivity comprising of fixed and mobile wireless links • Sensing with radio waves connected to localization, mapping and tracking, and spectroscopy For these use cases technical enablers are derived. Out of these technical enablers only the ones which cannot be addressed by an evolution of current mobile systems, i.e., radio enabling technologies for operating up to 300 GHz (especially in the 100 – 300 GHz range), will be investigated in detail in WP2. The bottom up approach consists of a gap analysis of the current available technology related to potential future performance requirements. The radio front-end hardware implementation was identified to be a major, additional challenge relative to current mobile communication systems operating at lower frequencies. Physical layer performance requirements are afterwards related to aspects like bandwidth and channelization, mobility, link level performance, range, power consumption, and time domain aspects. In order to assess the gaps of current radio front-end hardware, the state of the art of the following implementation aspects is reviewed: transmit power, receiver noise, phase noise, data converters, digital signal processing, and antenna and transceiver approaches. Waveform related KPIs and their relation to the radio front-end hardware performance are also described. Waveform candidates including their respective advantages and disadvantages are presented. The impact of the radio front-end hardware and system interfacing decisions on multi- antenna processing in the form of beamforming at higher frequencies and distributed MIMO at lower frequencies are identified by their relation to physical layer performance requirements. As the radio propagation environment at frequencies in the range of 100 – 300 GHz is currently not well understood, shortcomings of current channel models as well as required measurements are described. This deliverable concludes with a summary of the presented aspects. Details of future work related to all aspects of the bottom up approach are also described. Dissemination level: public Page 4 / 109 Hexa-X Deliverable D2.1 Table of Contents Executive Summary .................................................................................................................... 4 Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................ 5 List of Tables ............................................................................................................................... 9 List of Acronyms and Abbreviations ....................................................................................... 10 1 Introduction......................................................................................................................... 15 1.1 Objective of the Document .......................................................................................... 15 1.2 Structure of the Document ........................................................................................... 15 1.3 Definition of Terms Related to Frequency Bands ....................................................... 16 2 Use Cases ............................................................................................................................. 17 2.1 Short-Range Wireless Connectivity ............................................................................ 19 2.1.1 Wireless Access (Device-to-Infrastructure) ............................................................ 19 2.1.2 Local Networks (Device-to-Device) ....................................................................... 21 2.2 Long-Range Wireless Connectivity ............................................................................. 22 2.2.1 Fixed Wireless Long-Range Links ......................................................................... 23 2.2.2 Mobile Wireless Long-Range Links ....................................................................... 24 2.3 Sensing with Radio Waves .......................................................................................... 25 2.3.1 Localization ............................................................................................................ 25 2.3.2 Mapping and Tracking ............................................................................................ 27 2.3.3 Spectroscopy ........................................................................................................... 28 2.4 Summary: Key Enabling Properties of WP2 Solutions ............................................... 30 2.5 Technical Enablers for Use Cases ............................................................................... 31 2.5.1 WP2 Methodology .................................................................................................. 31 2.5.2 Key Enabling Radio Technologies ......................................................................... 32 2.5.3 Integration of Optical Wireless Communication .................................................... 32 2.5.3.1 Brief Overview of OWC Technologies ............................................................. 32 2.5.3.2 Summary and Relation with WP5 ..................................................................... 36 3 Gap Analysis........................................................................................................................ 37 3.1 Initial Technical Requirements Including Data Rate Targets ...................................... 38 3.2 Radio Considerations for Extremely High Data Rate Links ....................................... 39 3.2.1 Bandwidth and Channelization
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