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Cetacean Fact Sheets for 1St Grade
Whale & Dolphin fact sheets Page CFS-1 Cetacean Fact Sheets Photo/Image sources: Whale illustrations by Garth Mix were provided by NOAA Fisheries. Thanks to Jonathan Shannon (NOAA Fisheries) for providing several photographs for these fact sheets. Beluga: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Beluga03.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Beluga_size.svg Blue whale: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Blue_Whale_001_noaa_body_color.jpg; Humpback whale: http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/images/cetaceans/humpbackwhale_noaa_large.jpg Orca: http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/mammals/cetaceans/killerwhale_photos.htm North Atlantic right whale: http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/images/cetaceans/narw_flfwc-noaa.jpg Narwhal: http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2010/images/narwhal_pod_hires.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/Narwhal_size.svg Pygmy sperm whale: http://swfsc.noaa.gov/textblock.aspx?ParentMenuId=230&id=1428 Minke whale: http://www.birds.cornell.edu/brp/images2/MinkeWhale_NOAA.jpg/view Gray whale: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Gray_whale_size.svg Dall’s porpoise: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dall%27s_porpoise_size.svg Harbor porpoise: http://www.nero.noaa.gov/protected/porptrp/ Sei whale: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Sei_whale_size.svg/500px- Sei_whale_size.svg.png Whale & Dolphin fact sheets Page CFS-2 Beluga Whale (buh-LOO-guh) Photo by Greg Hume FUN FACTS Belugas live in cold water. They swim under ice. They are called white whales. They are the only whales that can move their necks. They can move their heads up and down and side to side. Whale & Dolphin fact sheets Page CFS-3 Baby belugas are gray. -
213 Subpart I—Taking and Importing Marine Mammals
National Marine Fisheries Service/NOAA, Commerce Pt. 218 regulations or that result in no more PART 218—REGULATIONS GOV- than a minor change in the total esti- ERNING THE TAKING AND IM- mated number of takes (or distribution PORTING OF MARINE MAM- by species or years), NMFS may pub- lish a notice of proposed LOA in the MALS FEDERAL REGISTER, including the asso- ciated analysis of the change, and so- Subparts A–B [Reserved] licit public comment before issuing the Subpart C—Taking Marine Mammals Inci- LOA. dental to U.S. Navy Marine Structure (c) A LOA issued under § 216.106 of Maintenance and Pile Replacement in this chapter and § 217.256 for the activ- Washington ity identified in § 217.250 may be modi- fied by NMFS under the following cir- 218.20 Specified activity and specified geo- cumstances: graphical region. (1) Adaptive Management—NMFS 218.21 Effective dates. may modify (including augment) the 218.22 Permissible methods of taking. existing mitigation, monitoring, or re- 218.23 Prohibitions. porting measures (after consulting 218.24 Mitigation requirements. with Navy regarding the practicability 218.25 Requirements for monitoring and re- porting. of the modifications) if doing so cre- 218.26 Letters of Authorization. ates a reasonable likelihood of more ef- 218.27 Renewals and modifications of Let- fectively accomplishing the goals of ters of Authorization. the mitigation and monitoring set 218.28–218.29 [Reserved] forth in the preamble for these regula- tions. Subpart D—Taking Marine Mammals Inci- (i) Possible sources of data that could dental to U.S. Navy Construction Ac- contribute to the decision to modify tivities at Naval Weapons Station Seal the mitigation, monitoring, or report- Beach, California ing measures in a LOA: (A) Results from Navy’s monitoring 218.30 Specified activity and specified geo- graphical region. -
FC Inshore Cetacean Species Identification
Falklands Conservation PO BOX 26, Falkland Islands, FIQQ 1ZZ +500 22247 [email protected] www.falklandsconservation.com FC Inshore Cetacean Species Identification Introduction This guide outlines the key features that can be used to distinguish between the six most common cetacean species that inhabit Falklands' waters. A number of additional cetacean species may occasionally be seen in coastal waters, for example the fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus), the humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae), the long-finned pilot whale (Globicephala melas) and the dusky dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obscurus). A full list of the species that have been documented to date around the Falklands can be found in Appendix 1. Note that many of these are typical of deeper, oceanic waters, and are unlikely to be encountered along the coast. The six species (or seven species, including two species of minke whale) described in this document are observed regularly in shallow, nearshore waters, and are the focus of this identification guide. Questions and further information For any questions about species identification then please contact the Cetaceans Project Officer Caroline Weir who will be happy to help you try and identify your sighting: Tel: 22247 Email: [email protected] Useful identification guides If you wish to learn more about the identification features of various species, some comprehensive field guides (which include all cetacean species globally) include: Handbook of Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises by Mark Carwardine. 2019. Marine Mammals of the World: A Comprehensive Guide to Their Identification by Thomas A. Jefferson, Marc A. Webber, and Robert L. Pitman. 2015. Whales, Dolphins and Seals: A Field Guide to the Marine Mammals of the World by Hadoram Shirihai and Brett Jarrett. -
Subsurface and Nighttime Behaviour of Pantropical Spotted Dolphins in Hawai′I
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Composite Default screen 988 Subsurface and nighttime behaviour of pantropical spotted dolphins in Hawai′i Robin W. Baird, Allan D. Ligon, Sascha K. Hooker, and Antoinette M. Gorgone Abstract: Pantropical spotted dolphins (Stenella attenuata) are found in both pelagic waters and around oceanic is- lands. A variety of differences exist between populations in these types of areas, including average group sizes, extent of movements, and frequency of multi-species associations. Diving and nighttime behaviour of pantropical spotted dolphins were studied near the islands of Maui and Lana′i, Hawai′i, in 1999. Suction-cup-attached time–depth recorder/VHF-radio tags were deployed on six dolphins for a total of 29 h. Rates of movements of tagged dolphins were substantially lower than reported in pelagic waters. Average diving depths and durations were shallower and shorter than reported for other similar-sized odontocetes but were similar to those reported in a study of pantropical spotted dolphins in the pelagic waters of the eastern tropical Pacific. Dives (defined as >5 m deep) at night were deeper (mean = 57.0 m, SD = 23.5 m, n = 2 individuals, maximum depth 213 m) than during the day (mean = 12.8 m, SD = 2.1 m, n = 4 individuals, maximum depth 122 m), and swim velocity also increased after dark. These results, together with the series of deep dives recorded immediately after sunset, suggest that pantropical spotted dolphins around Hawai′i feed primarily at night on organisms associated with the deep-scattering layer as it rises up to the surface after dark. -
Kogia Species Guild
Supplemental Volume: Species of Conservation Concern SC SWAP 2015 Sperm Whales Guild Dwarf sperm whale (Kogia sima) Pygmy sperm whale (Kogia breviceps) Contributor (2005): Wayne McFee (NOAA) Reviewed and Edited (2012): Wayne McFee (NOAA) DESCRIPTION Taxonomy and Basic Description The pygmy sperm whale was first described by de Blainville in 1838. The dwarf sperm whale was first described by Owen in 1866. Both were considered a Illustration by Pieter A. Folkens single species until 1966. These are the only two species in the family Kogiidae. The species name for the dwarf sperm whale was changed in 1998 from ‘simus’ to ‘sima.’ Neither the pygmy nor dwarf sperm whale are kin to the true sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus). At sea, these two species are virtually indistinguishable. Both species are black dorsally with a white underside. They possess a shark-like head with a narrow under-slung lower jaw and a light colored “false gill” that runs between the eye and the flipper. Small flippers are positioned far forward on the body. Pygmy sperm whales generally have between 12 and 16 (occasionally 10 to 11) pairs of needle- like teeth in the lower jaw. They can attain lengths up to 3.5 m (11.5 ft.) and weigh upwards of 410 kg (904 lbs.). A diagnostic character of this species is the low, falcate dorsal fin (less than 5% of the body length) positioned behind the midpoint on the back. Dwarf sperm whales generally have 8 to 11 (rarely up to 13) pairs of teeth in the lower jaw and can have up to 3 pairs of teeth in the upper jaw. -
Killer Whale (Orcinus Orca) Occurrence and Predation in the Bahamas
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, page 1 of 5. # Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 2013 doi:10.1017/S0025315413000908 Killer whale (Orcinus orca) occurrence and predation in the Bahamas charlotte dunn and diane claridge Bahamas Marine Mammal Research Organisation, PO Box AB-20714, Marsh Harbour, Abaco, Bahamas Killer whales (Orcinus orca) have a cosmopolitan distribution, yet little is known about populations that inhabit tropical waters. We compiled 34 sightings of killer whales in the Bahamas, recorded from 1913 to 2011. Group sizes were generally small (mean ¼ 4.2, range ¼ 1–12, SD ¼ 2.6). Thirteen sightings were documented with photographs and/or video of suffi- cient quality to allow individual photo-identification analysis. Of the 45 whales photographed, 14 unique individual killer whales were identified, eight of which were re-sighted between two and nine times. An adult female (Oo6) and a now-adult male (Oo4), were first seen together in 1995, and have been re-sighted together eight times over a 16-yr period. To date, killer whales in the Bahamas have only been observed preying on marine mammals, including Atlantic spotted dolphin (Stenella frontalis), Fraser’s dolphin (Lagenodelphis hosei), pygmy sperm whale (Kogia breviceps) and dwarf sperm whale (Kogia sima), all of which are previously unrecorded prey species for Orcinus orca. Keywords: killer whales, Bahamas, predation, Atlantic, Orcinus orca Submitted 30 December 2012; accepted 15 June 2013 INTRODUCTION encounters with killer whales documented during dedicated marine mammal surveys. Since 1991, marine mammal sight- Killer whales are predominantly temperate or cold water species ing reports have been obtained through a public sighting and much is known about their distribution, behavioural ecology network established and maintained by the Bahamas Marine and localized abundance in colder climes (Forney & Wade, Mammal Research Organization (BMMRO). -
The Forgotten Whale: a Bibliometric Analysis and Literature Review of the North Atlantic Sei Whale Balaenoptera Borealis
The forgotten whale: a bibliometric analysis and literature review of the North Atlantic sei whale Balaenoptera borealis Rui PRIETO* Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas da Universidade dos Açores & Centro do IMAR da Universidade dos Açores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal. E-mail: [email protected] *Correspondence author. David JANIGER Natural History Museum, Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Blvd., Los Angeles, California 90007, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Mónica A. SILVA Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas da Universidade dos Açores & Centro do IMAR da Universidade dos Açores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal, and Biology Department, MS#33, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Gordon T. WARING NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 166 Water Street, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543-1026, USA. E-mail: [email protected] João M. GONÇALVES Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas da Universidade dos Açores & Centro do IMAR da Universidade dos Açores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT 1. A bibliometric analysis of the literature on the sei whale Balaenoptera borealis is presented. Research output on the species is quantified and compared with research on four other whale species. The results show a significant increase in research for all species except the sei whale. Research output is characterized chronologically and by oceanic basin. 2. The species’ distribution, movements, stock structure, feeding, reproduction, abundance, acoustics, mortality and threats are reviewed for the North Atlantic, and the review is complemented with previously unpublished data. 3. Knowledge on the distribution and movements of the sei whale in the North Atlantic is still mainly derived from whaling records. -
The Scientific Reports of the Whales Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
THE SCIENTIFIC REPORTS OF THE WHALES RESEARCH INSTITUTE, TOKYO, JAPAN NUMBER I, JUNE 1948 Akiya, S. and Tejima, S. Studies on digestive enzymf" in whale. 3-7 Akiya, S., Ishikawa, Y., Tejima, S. and Tanzawa, T. Studies on tryptas!" from a whale (Balaenoptera borealis L. ). 8-10 Akiya, S., Tejima, S. and Ishikawa, Y. Studit>s on the utilization of whale m<'at by the use of pan creatic tryptase of whales. 11-14 Akiya, S. and Kobo, F. The test culture of some microorganisms with whale meat peptone. 15-16 Nakai, T. Chemical studies on the freshness of whale meat. I. Evaluation of freshness and changes in quantity of several kinds of nitrogen in whale meat following deterioration of freshness. 17-26 Nakai, T. Chemical studies on the freshness of whale meat. II. On comparison between whale meat and beef on deterioration of freshnf"SS and autolysis. 27-30 Tawara, T. On the simultaneous extraction of vitamin A-D and vitamin B2 complex from the liver of a fin whale (Nagasu-Kujira, Balaenoptera physalus L.). 31-37 Tawara, T. Studies on whale blood. I. On the separation of histidine from whal<' blood. 38-40 Nakai, J. and Shida, T. Sinus-hairs of the sei-whale (Balaenoptera borealis). 41-47 NUMBER 2, DECEMBER 1948 Ogawa, T. and Arifuku, S. On the acoustic system in the cetacean brains. 1-20 Yamada, M. Auditory organ of the whalebone whales. (Preliminary rt>port). 21-30 Nakai, T. Chemical studies on the freshness of whale meat. III. Effect of hydrogen-ion concentration on decrease in freshness and titration curve of whale meat with HCl and Na2C08• 31-34 Ishikawa, S., Omote, Y. -
National Marine Fisheries Service/NOAA, Commerce § 218.83
National Marine Fisheries Service/NOAA, Commerce § 218.83 (b) The incidental take of marine (S) Risso’s dolphin (Grampus mammals under the activities identi- griseus)—1,306,404. fied in § 218.80(c) is limited to the fol- (T) Rough-toothed dolphin (Steno lowing species, by the identified meth- bredanensis)—5,911. od of take: (U) Sowerby’s beaked whale (1) Harassment (Level A and Level B) (Mesoplodon bidens)—63,156. for all Training and Testing Activities: (V) Sperm whale (Physeter (i) Mysticetes: macrocephalus)—82,282. (A) Blue whale (Balaenoptera (W) Spinner dolphin (Stenella musculus)—817. longirostris)—115,310. (B) Bryde’s whale (Balaenoptera (X) Striped dolphin (Stenella edeni)—5,079. coerulealba)—1,222,149. (C) Fin whale (Balaenoptera (Y) True’s beaked whale (Mesoplodon physalus)—25,239. mirus)—99,123. (D) North Atlantic right whale (Z) White-beaked dolphin (Eubalaena glacialis)—955. (Lagenorhynchus albirostris)—16,400. (E) Humpback whale (Megaptera (iii) Pinnipeds: novaeangliae)—9,196. (A) Gray seal (Halichoerus grypus)— (F) Minke whale (Balaenoptera 14,511. acutorostrata)—336,623. (B) Harbor seal (Phoca vitulina)— (G) Sei whale (Balaenoptera borealis)— 39,519. 54,766. (C) Harp seal (Pagophilus (ii) Odontocetes: groenlanica)—16,319. (A) Atlantic spotted dolphin (Stenella (D) Hooded seal (Cystophora frontalis)—994,221. cristata)—1,472. (B) Atlantic white-sided dolphin (E) Ringed seal (Pusa hispida)—1,795. (Lagenorhynchus acutus)—206,144. (F) Bearded seal (Erignathus (C) Blainville’s beaked whale barbatus)—161. (Mesoplodon densirostris)—164,454. (2) Mortality (or lesser Level A in- (D) Bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops jury) for all Training and Testing Ac- truncatus)—1,570,031. -
45 CFR Ch. VI (10–1–19 Edition) § 670.18
§ 670.18 45 CFR Ch. VI (10–1–19 Edition) part, permits to engage in a taking or Pinnipeds: harmful interference: Crabeater seal—Lobodon carcinophagus. (a) May be issued only for the pur- Leopard seal—Hydrurga leptonyx. Ross seal—Ommatophoca rossi.1 pose of providing— Southern elephant seal—Mirounga leonina. (1) Specimens for scientific study or Southern fur seals—Arctocephalus spp.1 scientific information; or Weddell seal—Leptonychotes weddelli. (2) Specimens for museums, zoolog- Large Cetaceans (Whales): ical gardens, or other educational or Blue whale—Balaenoptera musculus. cultural institutions or uses; or Fin whale—Balaenoptera physalus. (3) For unavoidable consequences of Humpback whale—Megaptera novaeangliae. Minke whale—Balaenoptera acutrostrata. scientific activities or the construction Pygmy blue whale—Balaenoptera musculus and operation of scientific support fa- brevicauda cilities; and Sei whale—Balaenoptera borealis (b) Shall ensure, as far as possible, Southern right whale—Balaena glacialis that— australis (1) No more native mammals, birds, Sperm whale—Physeter macrocephalus Small Cetaceans (Dolphins and porpoises): or plants are taken than are necessary Arnoux’s beaked whale—Berardius arnuxii. to meet the purposes set forth in para- Commerson’s dolphin—Cephalorhynchus graph (a) of this section; commersonii (2) No more native mammals or na- Dusky dolphin—Lagenorhynchus obscurus tive birds are taken in any year than Hourglass dolphin—Lagenorhynchus can normally be replaced by net nat- cruciger ural reproduction in the following Killer whale—Orcinus orca Long-finned pilot whale—Globicephala breeding season; melaena (3) The variety of species and the bal- Southern bottlenose whale—Hyperoodon ance of the natural ecological systems planifrons. within Antarctica are maintained; and Southern right whale dolphin—Lissodelphis (4) The authorized taking, trans- peronii porting, carrying, or shipping of any Spectacled porpoise—Phocoena dioptrica native mammal or bird is carried out in a humane manner. -
Review of Small Cetaceans. Distribution, Behaviour, Migration and Threats
Review of Small Cetaceans Distribution, Behaviour, Migration and Threats by Boris M. Culik Illustrations by Maurizio Wurtz, Artescienza Marine Mammal Action Plan / Regional Seas Reports and Studies no. 177 Published by United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the Secretariat of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS). Review of Small Cetaceans. Distribution, Behaviour, Migration and Threats. 2004. Compiled for CMS by Boris M. Culik. Illustrations by Maurizio Wurtz, Artescienza. UNEP / CMS Secretariat, Bonn, Germany. 343 pages. Marine Mammal Action Plan / Regional Seas Reports and Studies no. 177 Produced by CMS Secretariat, Bonn, Germany in collaboration with UNEP Coordination team Marco Barbieri, Veronika Lenarz, Laura Meszaros, Hanneke Van Lavieren Editing Rüdiger Strempel Design Karina Waedt The author Boris M. Culik is associate Professor The drawings stem from Prof. Maurizio of Marine Zoology at the Leibnitz Institute of Wurtz, Dept. of Biology at Genova Univer- Marine Sciences at Kiel University (IFM-GEOMAR) sity and illustrator/artist at Artescienza. and works free-lance as a marine biologist. Contact address: Contact address: Prof. Dr. Boris Culik Prof. Maurizio Wurtz F3: Forschung / Fakten / Fantasie Dept. of Biology, Genova University Am Reff 1 Viale Benedetto XV, 5 24226 Heikendorf, Germany 16132 Genova, Italy Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] www.fh3.de www.artescienza.org © 2004 United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) / Convention on Migratory Species (CMS). This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. -
Marine Mammals of British Columbia Current Status, Distribution and Critical Habitats
Marine Mammals of British Columbia Current Status, Distribution and Critical Habitats John Ford and Linda Nichol Cetacean Research Program Pacific Biological Station Nanaimo, BC Outline • Brief (very) introduction to marine mammals of BC • Historical occurrence of whales in BC • Recent efforts to determine current status of cetacean species • Recent attempts to identify Critical Habitat for Threatened & Endangered species • Overview of pinnipeds in BC Marine Mammals of British Columbia - 25 Cetaceans, 5 Pinnipeds, 1 Mustelid Baleen Whales of British Columbia Family Balaenopteridae – Rorquals (5 spp) Blue Whale Balaenoptera musculus SARA Status = Endangered Fin Whale Balaenoptera physalus = Threatened = Spec. Concern Sei Whale Balaenoptera borealis Family Balaenidae – Right Whales (1 sp) Minke Whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata North Pacific Right Whale Eubalaena japonica Humpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae Family Eschrichtiidae– Grey Whales (1 sp) Grey Whale Eschrichtius robustus Toothed Whales of British Columbia Family Physeteridae – Sperm Whales (3 spp) Sperm Whale Physeter macrocephalus Pygmy Sperm Whale Kogia breviceps Dwarf Sperm Whale Kogia sima Family Ziphiidae – Beaked Whales (4 spp) Hubbs’ Beaked Whale Mesoplodon carlhubbsii Stejneger’s Beaked Whale Mesoplodon stejnegeri Baird’s Beaked Whale Berardius bairdii Cuvier’s Beaked Whale Ziphius cavirostris Toothed Whales of British Columbia Family Delphinidae – Dolphins (9 spp) Pacific White-sided Dolphin Lagenorhynchus obliquidens Killer Whale Orcinus orca Striped Dolphin Stenella