10 Forestry and Environmental Management

Introduction

G ifted with plentiful natural resources, the enjoys innumerable lush forests, rich land, and abundant seas. Unfortunately, the needs of the expanding population for fuel and logs and the lure for profit continue to weigh down on the country’s forest resources. In 2009, the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) sustained its efforts to fulfill its mandate of bringing to an end the abuses to environment by conserving the remaining resources and ensuring that they benefit the people. It has moved towards sustainable development through the implementation of various programs and projects in line with: a) poverty alleviation and hunger mitigation; b) socio-economic development; c) natural resources conservation; d) climate change mitigation and adaptation; e) strict enforcement of environmental laws; f) environmental advocacies; and g) good governance. These programs, along with some relevant information pertaining to the country’s natural resources, will be discussed in this chapter.

10.1 Forestry

The country's forests are depleting fast, primarily because of indiscriminate practices of illegal loggers, slash-and-burn farmers or the kaingineros, and firewood gatherers. Denudation spreads as migrants who lack opportunities in lowlands encroach the ecologically sensitive forest areas. Compounding the situation are the slack law enforcement and inadequate tenurial security, infrastructure support, and extension services extended to upland dwellers. Yet, the country's tropical climate, adequate rainfall, and fertile soil have favored the growth of several species of hardwood that are known for their natural beauty and durability. Considered among the finest in the world, the dipterocarp family of trees, among these is the world-famous Philippine mahogany, produced the bulk of the country's timber, and these are grown in forest cover. Forest cover in 2003 was 7.17 million hectares or 24.3 percent of the country's total land area. This forest cover was 0.71 million hectares or 10.9 percent higher than the 1988 actual forest inventory record of 6.46 million hectares. The increase was due to the vigorous reforestation program involving the government and private sectors particularly the development of industrial forest plantations and management of natural forest areas.

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A site to qualify as a forest area, has to be 10 hectares, at least, stocked with forest trees, seedlings, saplings, wild palm, bamboo or brush. Narrow strips of land covered of at least 60 meters wide and one hectare long covered with forest foliage also qualify as forests. Industrial tree plantations and tree farms of a hectare or more are also included in the forest category. Virgin forests remain at a hectarage of 0.8 million. The Forest Management Bureau (FMB) of the DENR revealed that the country's forests are disappearing at an alarming rate. From 1950 to 1978, deforestation claimed 204,000 hectares yearly. For the period 1978 to 1988, deforestation slowed down to 199,000 hectares annually. From 1989 to 1995, the rate of forest destruction took a nosedive, leaving an average of 116,322 hectares per year. In response to the need for forest renewal and rehabilitation, the DENR stepped up its regreening strategy for sustainable development. The strategy involves a program series of conservation, management, development, protection, and proper use of natural resources.

Forest Lands

Of the country's total land area of 30 million hectares in 2009, forestlands comprised 15.81 million hectares (52.7%) and the remaining 14.19 million hectares (47.3%) were alienable and disposable lands. Unclassified forestlands covered 755,000 hectares, or 4.8 percent of all forestlands. (See Table 10.1.) Forestlands refer to lands of the public domain that have not been declared as alienable and disposable, and include public forests, permanent forests or forest reserves, forest reservations, timberlands, grazing lands, and game refuge and bird sanctuaries. Alienable and disposable lands, on the other hand, refer to lands of the public domain that have been the subject of the present system of classification and declared not needed for forest purposes by the government. Among regions, MIMAROPA had the largest forestland area in 2009, with 1.75 million hectares, a figure equivalent to 11.1 percent of the country's total forestland area. The National Capital Region (NCR), on the other hand, had the least hectarage with 15,368 hectares. (See Table 10.1a for details.) Meanwhile, MIMAROPA had the most extensive forest cover, measuring 1.20 million hectares or 16.7 percent of the country’s total forest cover of 7.17 million hectares. (See Table 10.2)

Types of Forest The following discussions describe the broad types of forest in the Philippines based on the composition of stands:

Dipterocarp species. Best thriving in wet valley bottoms and in hilly or mountainous regions, forests of this species account for roughly 95.0 percent of the total volume of standing trees from commercial forests. The dominant tree in this type is the internationally known Philippine mahogany, a group of commercial woods that are light red to reddish in color. Included in this species are the lauan, tanguile, mayapis, yakal, apitong, and guijo.

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Molave forests. Also called mulawin forests, these are composed primarily of molave stands and are found in regions with distinct dry limestone ridges. Important species of this type are narra, tindalo, ipil, akle, and banuyao. Its species are highly valued for their natural beauty and durability.

Pine forests. Also known as saleng forests, these are found in mountain regions such as Northern Luzon. In lower areas where they appear, pines mix with hardwood trees. Pine stands, usually of the Benguet species, are scattered and open. They provide turpentine for paint manufacture, as well as long fibers that are good for making strong cement bags.

Mangrove forests. Alternately referred to as bakawan forests, these are the principal sources of firewood, tanbark, cutch, dyewood, and charcoal. Among the most important species found in these forests are bakawan, busain, pototan, langarai, and tangal. These forests are found in tidal flats on the mouths of streams and in shores of sheltered bays.

Beach forests. These are the types found in dry sandy beaches, where pandan is also abundant. Principal species are talisay, dapdap, agoho, and tawalis.

Mossy types. These are important as "protection forests." These are found on the tips of rough mountain regions or in areas characterized by steep surfaces rising to peak, with sides cut into smaller ridges by deep canyons. Trees under this type are dwarfed, and their stems and branches are usually blanketed with moss. The principal species are lokinai and igem.

Submarginal forests. These are tropical rainforests dominated by Leguminosae and unknown species that grow in shallow and damp limestone soil. FMB’s records showed that Philippine forests covered a total of 7.17 million hectares. Open forests accounted for more than half (4.03 million ha. or 56.2 %) of the total, while the rest were closed forests (2.56 million ha. or 35.7 %); plantation (329,578 ha. or 4.6 %); and, mangrove natural forests (247,362 ha. or 3.5 %). (Refer to Table 10.2.)

Forest Resources

Forest resources are divided into four major types, as follows:

Timber resources. Timber or standing trees are the principal product of forests. They are supplied from dipterocarp, molave, and pine forests. Timber that comes from these types is either made into lumber or veneer, or manufactured into plywood, wallboard, pulp and paper, and furniture. Timber products from mangrove, beach, and midmountain and mossy forests are useful as light materials for building construction, furniture, firewood, and charcoal. A commercial forest is a forest of commercial tree species in which the volume of trees, with 15 centimeters and over in diameter at breast height and merchantable height of at least five meters, is 40 cubic meters or more per hectare.

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Minor forest product resources. Besides timber, there is an abundance of various kinds of minor forest products of considerable economic value. Although most of these products are used locally, many are also exported. These include rattan, resin, Manila elemi, and bamboo, among others.

Recreation, wildlife, and water resources. Having one of the widest collection of plants and animals on a per area basis, the Philippines is placed as one among the 17 most distinct countries in the world. In spite of this claim, compelled by deficient information, poor protected area planning system, exploitation of land, weak enforcement of policies and laws, overpopulation, and poverty, this biodiversity has been seriously threatened and many of its endemic species were highly endangered. The forest habitat is rapidly perishing in the upland areas. This is because of stealing and illegal trading of rare and endangered species for food, pet trade, ornaments, and sports. In the same manner, homegrown species have been damaged since the introduction of alien species into our ecosystem. Similarly, manipulation and destructive use of resources such as dynamite, cyanide, and coral mining depleted the wetlands and coastal areas. Substantial parts of the coastal and marine resources were destroyed due to the excretion of land-based pollution such as wastewater and siltation. To address these problems, the DENR continuously maintained various programs and projects geared towards the conservation and protection of biodiversified rich areas. The DENR and World Bank jointly designed the National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS). This project aimed to protect and develop 10 priority national parks selected for their geographic distribution, altitudinal representation, and biodiversity. Through parliamentary action, five sites have been declared and established, as part of the NIPAS. These were Mt. Kitanglad Natural Park, Batanes Protected Landscape and Seascape, Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park, Mt. Natural Park, and . There were 71 national parks opened in 2009. National parks spread over a domain of 524,152 hectares. CALABARZON had the most number of parks (11), covering 57,379 hectares. MIMAROPA, which reported to have only four national parks, had the widest park area of 134,202 hectares. Game refuge on the other hand, spread in MIMAROPA, Cagayan Valley, Central Luzon, Central Visayas, and SOCCSKSARGEN. (Refer to Table 10.4 for details.) Valuable in the reproduction of plants and trees, control of agricultural pests, and as sources of food and livelihood were the endangered wildlife species that include marine turtles, sea cows, tamaraws, Philippine raptors, and crocodiles. To preserve said species, the government continued to implement programs and projects such as the Philippine Raptors Conservation Project, Tamaraw Conservation Program, and Pawikan Conservation Project.

Range resources. Rangelands are open and cogonal forestlands suitable for grazing and pasturing. For development and management of these areas, leases and permits were granted to individuals and private corporations. A lease is a privilege granted by the State to a person to occupy and possess, in consideration of specified rental, any forestland of the public domain in order to undertake any authorized activity therein. A permit, on the other hand, is a

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short-term privilege or authority granted by the State to a person to utilize any limited forest resources or undertake a limited activity within any forestland without any right of occupation and possession therein.

Forest Resources Utilization

The country's vast forests provided raw materials to several large and growing forest-based industries, such as sawmills, veneer and plywood industries, and pulp and paper manufacture. These industries, in turn, supplied raw materials to secondary industries that produced intensively manufactured goods, such as sash, furniture, paper products, and others. The following discussion deals with the various aspects of these forest-based industries:

Timber licenses and allowable cut. The government closely monitored timber utilization to ensure that companies engaged in this business comply with forestry laws, rules, and regulations. Government do this by issuing appropriate licenses. Before holders of such licenses can start on any activity in their concession areas, they have to submit first their forest management or operation plans. In 2009, 4 Timber License Agreements (TLAs) were served. These TLAs only allowed lumber activity within 253,000 hectares and restrained cutting up to only 66,000 cubic meters during the year. Eastern Visayas had two of the total agreements served in 2009. The number of TLAs had been on a free fall since 1986 primarily because of government's tightening measures on logging. (See Tables 10.5 to 10.6.)

Wood processing plants. In 2009, active sawmills totaled 34. Their combined daily rated capacity was at 1,000 cubic meters. On the other hand, the country’s annual log requirement was at 516,000 cubic meters. (Refer to Table 10.7).

The wood industry. Wood-based activities, namely, logging, sawmilling, plywood and veneer manufacture, lumber and lumber products production, pulp and paper- making, rattan, bamboo and wooden furniture-making, woodcraft, and match-making belong to the wood industry. In the Philippines, the industry had concentrated mainly on the production of logs, lumber, plywood, and veneer, while other activities were under varying stages of development. From 1960 to 1973, the wood industry was recognized as the Philippines' top foreign exchange earner. In 1974, however, a worldwide recession forced a slump in the construction sector, causing Philippine wood exports to lose its position as the country's top dollar earner. The export of wood further decreased in subsequent years with the implementation of the log export ban on January 1, 1976 through Presidential Decree (PD) 705. To offset the ban's side effects, particularly the loss in export revenues and the reduction in employment, PD 865 was issued temporarily, allowing limited and selective exportation of logs. One of the government's objectives in imposing the restriction on log exportation was to support the country's wood-based industries. A log importation program was initiated in 1987 to pursue this aim. This allowed primary wood processors to import logs and veneer, provided a certain percentage is reexported as finished products.

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In 1989, the Lumber Export Ban was implemented through Administrative Order 19. This ban was issued to encourage more downstream processing of wood resources, hence, created more jobs. Production of processed wood and other wood-based products during the period 1976-2009 is shown in Table 10.8. The bulk of the country's wood-based products came from the production of lumber (304,000 cubic meters). Plywood came second (253,000 cubic meters) while veneer ranked third (88,000 cubic meters). Other wood-based products like blackboard recorded 42,000 metric tons of production.

Production and Exportation of Major Forest Products The four major forest products of the country are classified as logs, lumber, plywood, and veneer.

Logs. In 2009, an aggregate of 801,520 cubic meters of logs were yielded. This was 1.7 percent lower than the previous year’s level of 815,225 cubic meters. Table 10.9 presents log production, quantity and exports value for the period 1979-2009.

Lumber. From 1961 to 1988, production of lumber posted moderate growth. Since 1989, however, production had continued to decline. It once again sped up in 2006 but started exhibiting a declining trend since then. In 2009, the lumber production was obtained at 304,360 cubic meters, or a 14.9 percent decrease from the 2008 figure. (Refer to Table 10.10 for details.)

Plywood. Noticeable from 1979 to 2009 is the unstable trend exhibited in plywood production. In 2009, it posted an increase of 7.6 percent from 234,990 the previous year to 252,870 cubic meters. (See Table 10.11 for details.)

Veneer. The quantity of veneer produced, and the quantity and value of exports from 1979 to 2009 are presented in Table 10.12. After dropping by 78.1 percent in 1984, veneer production continuously slid setting at only 89,234 cubic meters in 1999. It suddenly picked up in 2000 with a 99.6-percent increase to 178,082. It further expanded to 254,801 cubic meters the following year but dropped again to 205,056 cubic meters in 2002. In 2003 and 2004 production of veneer increased to 336,046 and 385,258 cubic meters, respectively. In 2005, the quantity posted at 132,938 cubic meters was a decrease by 65.5 percent from the 385,258 cubic meters registered the previous year. It further dropped to 95,427 in the succeeding year or a 28.2 percent decline. However, in 2007, it increased by 29.9 percent to 123,942 but dropped to 87,953 in 2009, a 12.7 percent decrease from the 100,712 recorded in 2008. Selected forest-based furniture exports were valued at US$76.21 billion in 2009. Among the forest products exported, the wood-based furniture topped the list with a total value of US$45.76 million and contributing 60.0 percent to the overall total value. Exports of chairs and other seats of wood came in second with an earning of US$ 11.40 million, while exports of chairs and other seats of rattan ranked third at US$10.89 million. (See Table 10.13.) The country also produced and exported minor forest products such as resins, gums, seed oils, essential oils, wild food plants, and natural dyes. Mangroves,

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palms, and bamboos likewise fall under this category. The production and exportation of selected minor forest products from 2001 to 2009 are presented in Tables 10.14, 10.14a, and 10.15.

Forest Administration

The primary government agency tasked with the protection of the environment and administration of natural resources is the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). It was reorganized in July 1987 as mandated by Executive Order (EO) 192. Forest-related operations are performed by the Department with support from its staff agencies, namely the FMB, Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau (PAWB), Land Management Bureau (LMB), Mines and Geo-Sciences Bureau (MGB), Environmental Management Bureau (EMB), Ecosystem Research and Development Bureau (ERDB), Natural Resources Development Corporation (NRDC), National Mapping and Resource Information Agency (NAMRIA), Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA), Mount Makiling Reserve Area, and Laguna de Bay Commission. Forest protection, reforestation, watershed management, protected area management and wildlife conservation; land management; mining projects and geo- sciences development; water, coastal, and land surveys are the major forest activities being undertaken by the DENR.

Forest protection. To prevent further intrusion into the forest areas and reduce illegal logging activities nationwide, the FMB implemented the sustainable Forest Management Strategy. This scheme, which has become the banner program of the bureau, focused on the establishment of permanent forest lines. This strategy involves the production of a map delineation of the permanent forest line for the entire country and a demarcation of at least one province per region. Limiting the forest line boundaries on the country's forests, parks, protected areas, and critical watersheds will eventually helped solve the problem of squatting, illegal occupancy, fake and illegal titling, land use conversion, timber pouching, among others. In 2009, the government hired 21,454 people under the “Bantay Gubat” or “Bantay Kalikasan” program which provided employment opportunities to communities, in and out–of-school youth, senior citizens, and other interested individuals in the forestlands, coastal, and protected areas. One major functions of those hired was to conduct forest protection activities.

Reforestation. Through the combined efforts of the government and the private sectors, they joined hands in renewing the forest cover by planting seeds or young trees, in order to meet the demands of benefits coming from the forest. A total of 54,790 hectares were reforested in 2009. Of the total area reforested in 2009, some 53,842 hectares were initiated by the government while 950 hectares were reforested by the private sector. Area reforested by the government and private sector was 25.6 percent higher than the 43,609 hectares recorded the previous year. It is worthy to note that the area planted this year was the highest since 1998. (See Table 10.16)

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Protected area management and wildlife conservation. In collaboration with the Department of Tourism, LGUs, NGOs and the academe, the DENR prepared seven ecotourism business plans, in 2009. It likewise assessed the eco-tourism potentials of 19 sites. Pursuant to the National Caves and Cave Resources Management and Protection Act (RA 9072) to conserve, manage, and protect the country’s caves and cave resources for scientific, educational, recreational, tourism and other purposes, the DENR assessed and classified 46 caves. The agency likewise patrolled and monitored 195 priority wetlands and migratory bird sites to prevent the entry of the deadly avian flu virus. In 2009, the DENR issued the Revised Implementing Rules and Regulations for the National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) Act. This act simplified the procedures for the establishment and management of protected areas. The agency likewise conducted Annual Tamaraw Population Count and recorded an increase in tamaraw population from 239 heads in 2007, 263 heads in 2008, and 274 heads in 2009. Similarly, population of cockatoos observed in the wild rose from 20 in 1999 to about 100 in 2009. This same year, Mt. Mantalingahan in Southern Palawan (120,000 ha.) and Alamio, Buyaa, Carac-an, Panikian Rivers and Sipangpang Falls Watershed Forest Reserve in Surigao and Agusan (43,601 ha.) were proclaimed as protected areas. The government facilitated the enactment of a law establishing Mt. Banahaw - San Cristobal Protected Landscape with an area of about 10,900 ha. covering the provinces of Quezon and Laguna. The agency this year, in consultation with the LGUs, other government agencies, and other stakeholders pursuant to the Wildlife Resources Conservation and Protection Act, assessed and established 22 sites as critical habitats found to host threatened species.

Land management. In 2009, the DENR accelerated land disposition to promote social equity by distributing 144,893 patents covering 113,861 ha. of A & D lands, or 114 percent of the year’s target. To facilitate the government’s land titling program and land registration to support taxation and which also serves as basis in the settlement of political boundary disputes, the government expedited the cadastral survey program. For 2009, a total of 22,114 hectares have been covered by cadastral survey.

Mining projects and geosciences development. Advancement in the mining sector ushered in aspirations of sustained economic growth and development in the country, and worked out poverty alleviation through the expanded contribution and reward system for the local and indigenous communities. In 2009, the DENR conducted coastal geohazards mapping or survey in the provinces of Cavite and Eastern Samar to study the adverse impacts of coastal erosion. Preventive measures were recommended to counter the adverse effects of the various coastal geohazards in the study areas such as construction of coastal defense structures, establishment of setbacks or no construction zone development and the adoption of warning system and monitoring stations. This year the agency assessed 24 municipalities to identify possible source of groundwater in order to support the future needs of communities for domestic and

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agricultural uses and to support the local government units in the identification and suitability of possible solid waste disposal and landfill sites in their municipality. Also, the DENR conducted geohazard assessment of 261 municipalities covering 5,403 barangays for the 1:50,000 scale geohazard mapping and assessment. It brought a total of 1,562 municipalities that were assessed nationwide or around 96 percent of the total 1,618 municipalities and cities nationwide. DENR also conducted information and education campaigns in the provinces of Northern Samar, Eastern Samar and Zambales regarding Geological Hazard Awareness and Disaster Preparedness. Geohazard maps were provided including posters, videos, and pamphlets.

Water, coastal, and land surveys. The NAMRIA was created to take charge of the hydrographic and physical oceanographic surveys of coastal areas, rivers, reservoirs, lakes, harbors, and offshore areas including the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). Moreover, it is involved in the conduct of geodetic and magnetic surveys, and publication of nautical charts and oceanographic data. The NAMRIA was engaged in land, water, and coastal surveys regularly to get the latest information on the country’s water and land resources. Data gathered from these surveys were indispensable tools for the implementation of various development plans and programs of the national government. These surveys were also beneficial in the agency’s production, compilation, and revision of maps, nautical charts, and thematic maps. Data produced were also needed for maritime publications, profitable in guiding information for safe navigation, engineering activities, scientific researches, and environmental monitoring. In 2009, the DENR implemented the Integrated Coastal Resources Management Project with funding assistance from the Asian Development Bank. This project aimed to enhance coastal resources and at the same time reduced poverty among municipal fisher folk through the introduction and promotion of sustainable economic livelihood activities, micro enterprises and resource management practices. It was implemented in six priority marine biodiversity corridors covering 68 municipalities in the provinces of Cagayan, Cebu, Davao Oriental, Masbate, Siquijor, and Zambales. The agency, likewise strengthened 13 Coastal Law Enforcement Alliance Teams, and also provided technical assistance to the following: 51 coastal municipalities in the conduct of Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment; 40 municipalities in the preparation of Municipal Coastal Environment Profile; 12 LGUs in the rehabilitation of mangrove areas; 25 LGUs in the establishment of marine sanctuaries or marine protected areas.

Forestry Programs

The Community-Based Forest Management (CBFM). Under the CBFM program in 2009, the government implemented 130 livelihood agroforestry and livelihood enterprise development projects benefiting 12,668 families. Area developed covered 3,745.53 hectares. Income generated by the farmer-beneficiaries was estimated at P1, 261,756. This was in support to the Hunger Mitigation Program of the government.

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Upland Development Program (UDP). Memorandum Circular No. 2008-04 issued September 2008 contained the guidelines in the implementation of UDP. Anchored on reforestation and agroforestry, it primarily aimed to create immediate additional income for upland households in support of the government’s Hunger Mitigation Program. In 2009, a total of 54,789 hectares were planted with trees to replenish denuded areas. Out of the total area planted, 50,024 hectares have been accomplished under the UDP covering the four components of reforestation, agroforestry, mangrove development, and enrichment planting.

The Comprehensive Livelihood and Emergency Employment Program (CLEEP). The UDP was implemented in support of the government’s CLEEP as an economic flexibility plan in response to the economic crises. The program intended to create additional and immediate employment and income for poor households.

Mining Forest Program. In 2009, the government reforested 1,301 hectares of mining areas in connection with the Mining Forest Program. This year a total of 11,096 hectares had been distributed by mining companies, of which 10,319 hectares were already rehabilitated.

Hunger Mitigation Program. In support to this program in 2009, the government implemented 130 livelihood agroforestry and enterprise development projects benefiting 12,668 families. Area developed covered 3,745.53 hectares. Income generated by the farmer-beneficiaries was estimated at PhP1, 261,756.

Forest Research

The Ecosystem Research and Development Bureau. The ERDB was formerly known the Forest Research Institute (FORI) until it assumed its new name through EO 192 signed in July 1987. As a staff bureau of the DENR, the ERDB is tasked to conduct forest ecosystem research to provide a scientifically sound basis for the management of the country's environment and forest resources. It directly supervises the management and administration of reorganized FORI research offices, laboratories, and forest experiment stations located at the University of the Philippines in Los Baños, Laguna. The ERDB provides the DENR with technologies upon which to base and revise forest policies. In 2009, the following were the achievements of the agency:

1. Verified the effectiveness of identified scientifically-based and successful rehabilitation strategies for mine wastes in Regions IV-B, VI and XIII, degraded coastal areas in Regions I, VII, and XIII, and critical watersheds in Regions II, VI, and XI. Completed the compendium of six damaged ecosystems, namely: mining areas, critical and marginal watersheds, urban areas, marginal grasslands, marginal uplands, and coastal areas. 2. Developed strategies for the production of quality planting materials. These strategies include the verification and assessment of 17 seed stand in 10 regions and development of propagation protocol for 11 species.

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3. Monitored the impacts of climate change on biological components of the coastal ecosystems in nine sites including four regions: Regions III, V, VIII, and XI. 4. Conducted survey, inventory, and documentation of ten priority biofuel species. These include kapok, bitaog, kalantas, bani, and malunggay. 5. Developed ecotourism strategies for biodiversity conservation and livelihood opportunities with three experimental sites, namely: National Marine Reserve in Region VI, Olango Island Wildlife Sanctuary in Region VII, and Los Banos Experiment Station.

10.2 Environmental Management

Maintaining clean air and water in the country relatively poses great concerns from environmental sectors. Air and water situation deteriorates in the passing of years. In this connection, the DENR through the Environmental Management Bureau (EMB) carried out the following advocacies in 2009:

1. Formulated and implemented the following tools: online EIS Information System; Certificate of Non Coverage Automated Processing System; and GIS Maps of Environmentally Critical Areas. 2. Developed an online nationwide monitoring system of compliance to the processing timeframe limits through the Environmental Impact Statement and Public Information. 3. Worked with various agencies for the implementation of the Dredging Project. The project was expected to remove the highly toxic riverbed sediments and reduce the toxic load going to Manila Bay and Laguna Lake; remove navigational hazards and widen the navigational lane; aid in the discharge of floodwaters from the upstream to Manila Bay, thereby reducing flooded areas and hasten the receding time of floodwaters. 4. Continued fishpen clearing operations in Manila Bay wherein 85 illegal structures have been demolished, specifically in the waters of Cavite, Paranaque, and Las Pinas. 5. Installed sewage treatment facility in the DENR Central Office known as Rotating Biological Contractor. This is in compliance with the directive to all government agencies in Metro Manila to install or put up sewage treatment facilities in accordance with the mandate of the Supreme Court for the immediate rehabilitation of Manila Bay.

Air quality management. In 2009, the government reduced air pollution in Metro Manila by 19.75 percent in terms of Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) level. From 162 microgram per normal cubic meter (ug/Ncm) in 2003, TSP level declined to 130 ug/Ncm in 2009, though still above the standard value of 90ug/Ncm. This was made

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possible with the partnerships established with other government agencies, local governments, transport and industry sector as well as the civil society to fully implement the Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999.

Water quality management. In 2009, the government continued to implement “Beach Ecowatch” to generate information on the water quality of 78 beaches frequently visited by foreign and local tourists. The agency pursued the “Tapwatch Program” to monitor the quality of tapwater or domestic water supply of barangay sites in depressed areas. In 2009, 28 sites have been monitored. Likewise, to improve the water quality of 19 priority rivers, the government pursued the “Sagip Ilog Program”. Meanwhile, 11 rivers were already within the water quality criteria as of 2009.

Solid waste management. The government provided technical assistance to 314 Local Government Units (LGUs) in the safe closure and rehabilitation of their open/controlled dumpsites; 26 LGUs in the development of categorized sanitary landfill; and 147 LGUs in the establishment and operationalization of Materials Recovery Facilities. In 2009, the government developed a National Government-Local Government Cost Sharing Framework for solid waste management services recognizing the huge investment requirement for a sanitary landfill. Under the scheme, the national government will grant 40 percent to 1st and 2nd class cities, and 25 percent to 3rd and 4th class cities. Two LGUs have been given financial assistance for solid waste management, namely: Talusan, Zamboanga Sibugay with PhP700, 000 and Cebu with PhP100 million.

Geohazard Assessment and Mapping. The following programs were completed in 2009:

1. Conducted coastal geohazards mapping in the provinces of Cavite and Eastern Samar covering a total of approximately 100 line-km. of coastline to study the adverse impacts of coastal geohazards especially coastal erosion. Preventive measures were recommended to counter the adverse effects of the various coastal/marine geohazards in the study areas such as construction of coastal defense structures, establishment of setbacks or no construction zone development and the adoption of warning system and monitoring stations. 2. Assessed 24 municipalities to identify possible source of groundwater in order to support the future needs of communities for domestic and agricultural uses and to support the local government units in the identification and suitability of possible solid waste disposal and landfill sites in their municipality. 3. Conducted geohazard assessment of 261 municipalities covering 5,403 barangays for the 1:50,000 scale geohazard mapping and assessment. This brought to a total of around 1,562 municipalities that were assessed or around 96 percent of the total 1,618 municipalities and cities nationwide.

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4. Conducted province-wide information and education campaigns in Northern Samar, Eastern Samar, and Zambales provinces regarding Geological Hazard Awareness and Disaster Preparedness. 5. Opened and re-opened 17 mining projects, including new generation mines since the revitalization program in 2004.

Sources:

10.1 Department of Environment and Natural Resources. Forest Management Bureau. Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau. Land Management Bureau. Mines and Geo-Sciences Bureau. National Mapping and Resource Information Agency. Ecosystem Research and Development Bureau.

10.2 Department of Environment and Natural Resources. Environmental Management Bureau.

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TABLE 10.1 Status of Land Classification: 1964-2009 (Thousand Hectares)

Certified Forest Land Y ear Total A and D* Total Classified Unclassified

Fiscal year

1964-65 30,000 12,365 17,635 7,727 9,908 1965-66 30,000 12,422 17,578 7,927 9,651 1966-67 30,000 12,446 17,554 8,065 9,489 1966-68 30,000 12,474 17,526 8,079 9,447 1968-69 30,000 12,499 17,501 8,193 9,308

1969-70 30,000 12,572 17,428 8,543 8,885 1970-71 30,000 12,651 17,349 8,795 8,554 1971-72 3 0,0 00 12,748 17,2 52 8,851 8,4 01 1972-73 30,000 12,808 17,192 8,935 8,257 1973-74 30,000 12,917 17,083 9,064 8,019 1974-75 30,000 12,970 17,030 9,136 7,894

Calend ar year

1976 30,000 12,975 17,025 9,266 7,759 1977 30,000 12,991 17,009 9,270 7,739 1978 30,000 13,071 16,929 9,301 7,628 1979 30,000 13,093 16,907 9,329 7,578 1980 30,000 13,269 16,731 9,705 7,026

1981 30,000 13,327 16,673 10,826 5,847 1982 30,000 13,371 16,629 11,076 5,553 1983 30,000 14,468 15,532 10,472 5,060 1984 30,000 14,515 15,485 13,658 1,827 1985 30,000 14,660 15,340 14,020 1,320

1986 30,000 13,852 16,148 14,961 1,187 1987 30,000 14,108 15,892 15,011 881 1988 30,000 14,118 15,882 15,001 881 1989 30,000 14,118 15,882 15,001 881 1990 30,000 14,118 15,892 15,011 881

1991 30,000 14,118 15,892 15,011 881 1992 30,000 14,117 15,883 15,002 881 1993 30,000 14,117 15,883 15,002 881 1994 30,000 14,117 15,883 15,002 881 1995 30,000 14,117 15,883 15,002 881

1996 30,000 14,117 15,883 15,002 881 1997 30,000 14,117 15,883 15,002 881 1998 30,000 14,117 15,883 15,002 881 1999 30,000 14,117 15,883 15,002 881 2000 30,000 14,145 15,855 14,766 1,089

2001 30,000 14,145 15,855 14,766 1,089 2002 30,000 14,145 15,855 14,766 1,089 2003 30,000 14,145 15,855 14,766 1,089 2004 30,000 14,208 15,792 15,037 755 2005 30,000 14,208 15,792 15,039 753

2006 30,000 14,195 15,805 15,050 755 2007 30,000 14,195 15,805 15,050 755 2008 30,000 14,195 15,805 15,050 755 2009 30,000 14,195 15,805 15,050 755

Note: * A and D - Alienable and disposable.

Source: Fo rest M anagement B ureau.

NSO 2011 PHILIPPINE YEARBOOK

TABLE 10.1a Status of Land Classification, by Region: 2008 and 2009 (Hectares)

Forest Land Certified Classified Region Total Area A and D 1 Total Unclassified Established Forest Reserve

2009

Philippines 30,000,000 14,194,675 15,805,325 755,009 3 ,270,146

NCR 63,600 48,232 15,368 14,740 - CAR 1,829,368 342,345 1,487,023 8,548 804,795 I - Ilocos Region 1,284,019 810,922 473,097 30,271 226,846 II - Cagayan Valley 2,687,517 972,822 1,714,695 45,105 209,288 III - Central Luzon 2,147,036 1,204,649 942,387 27,268 250,902 IVA - Calabarzon 1,622,861 1,051,948 570,913 21,032 98,825 IVB - Mimaropa 2,745,601 998,563 1,747,038 55,139 268,894 V - Bicol Region 1,763,249 1,222,060 541,189 29,873 69,939 VI - 2,022,311 1,417,978 604,333 1,520 135,344 VII - Central Visayas 1,489,077 964,169 524,908 65,638 49,619 VIII - Eastern Visayas 2,143,169 1,024,955 1,118,214 41,772 51,508 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 1,599,734 762,460 837,274 26,663 424,924 X - Nort hern M indanao 1,714,8 03 8 17,669 897,134 52 ,6 02 85,140 XI - Davao Region 1,967,183 737,633 1,229,550 14,376 111,595 XII - Soccsksargen 1,874,946 730,546 1,144,400 218,000 129,146 XIII - Caraga 1,884,697 544,897 1,339,800 7,789 329,022 ARMM 1,160,829 542,827 618,002 94,673 24,359

Forest Land Classified Established National M ilitary Civil Fishpond Timber Parks and Naval Reservation Development Land GR B S/ W A 2 Reservation

Philippines 10,056,020 1,340,997 126,130 165,946 91,077

NCR 237 59 - - 332 CAR 666,219 6,907 554 - - I - Ilocos Region 201,164 12,999 288 923 606 II - Cagayan Valley 1,423,482 26,388 412 8,931 1,089 III - Central Luzon 493,882 36,970 112,819 804 19,742 IVA - Calabarzon 424,751 20,832 3,688 28 1,757 IVB - Mimaropa 369,269 1,004,420 147 45,250 3,919 V - Bicol Region 412,996 25,276 - 63 3,042 VI - West ern Visayas 419,171 23,505 - 235 24,558 VII - Central Visayas 390,151 15,054 4 114 4,328 VIII - Eastern Visayas 1,014,151 4,108 176 862 5,637 IX - Zambo anga Peninsula 370,2 88 2,6 07 4 6 2,6 11 10,135 X - Nort hern M indanao 68 7,4 44 53,319 7,99 6 3 10,630 XI - Davao Region 1,040,220 53,643 - 8,880 836 XII - Soccsksargen 684,780 20,552 - 91,036 886 XIII - Caraga 992,131 2,415 - 6,206 2,237 ARMM 465,684 31,943 - - 1,343

Continued

FORESTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Table 10.1a--Concluded

Forest Land Certified Classified Region Total Area A and D 1 Total Unclassified Established Forest Reserve

2008

Philippines 30,000,000 14,194,675 15,805,325 755,009 3,270,146

NCR 63,600 48,232 15,368 14,740 - CAR 1,829,368 342,345 1,487,023 8,548 804,795 I - Ilocos Region 1,284,019 810,922 473,097 30,271 226,846 II - Cagayan Valley 2,687,517 972,822 1,714,695 45,105 209,288 III - Central Luzon 2,147,036 1,204,649 942,387 27,268 250,902 IVA - Calabarzon 1,622,861 1,051,948 570,913 21,032 98,825 IVB - Mimaropa 2,745,601 998,563 1,747,038 55,139 268,894 V - Bicol Region 1,763,249 1,222,060 541,189 29,873 69,939 VI - Western Visayas 2,022,311 1,417,978 604,333 1,520 135,344 VII - Central Visayas 1,489,077 964,169 524,908 65,638 49,619 VIII - Eastern Visayas 2,143,169 1,024,955 1,118,214 41,772 51,508 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 1,599,734 762,460 837,274 26,663 424,924 X - Northern Mindanao 1,714,803 817,669 897,134 52,602 85,140 XI - Davao Region 1,967,183 737,633 1,229,550 14,376 111, 5 9 5 XII - Soccsksargen 1,874,946 730,546 1,144,400 218,000 129,146 XIII - Caraga 1,884,697 544,897 1,339,800 7,789 - ARMM 1,160,829 542,827 618,002 94,673 -

Forest Land Classified Established National M ilitary Civil Fishpond Timber Parks and Naval Reservation Development Land GR B S/ W A 2 Reservation

Philippines 10,056,020 1,340,997 126,130 165,946 91,077

NCR 237 59 - - 332 CAR 666,219 6,907 554 - - I - Ilocos Region 201,164 12,999 288 923 606 II - Cagayan Valley 1,423,482 26,388 412 8,931 1,089 III - Central Luzon 493,882 36,970 112,819 804 19,742 IVA - Calabarzon 424,751 20,832 3,688 28 1,757 IVB - Mimaropa 369,269 1,004,420 147 45,250 3,919 V - Bicol Region 412,996 25,276 - 63 3,042 VI - Western Visayas 419,171 23,505 - 235 24,558 VII - Central Visayas 390,151 15,054 4 114 4,328 VIII - Eastern Visayas 1,014,151 4,108 176 862 5,637 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 370,288 2,607 46 2,611 10,135 X - Northern Mindanao 687,444 53,319 7,996 3 10,630 XI - Davao Region 1,040,220 53,643 - 8,880 836 XII - Soccsksargen 684,780 20,552 - 91,036 886 XIII - Caraga 992,131 2,415 - 6,206 2,237 ARMM 465,684 31,943 - - 1,343

1 A and D - Alienable and disposable. 2 GRBS/WA - Game refuge and bird sanctuaries, or wilderness areas.

Source: Forest M anag ement B ureau.

NSO 2011 PHILIPPINE YEARBOOK

TABLE 10.2 Forest Cover of the Philippines, by Region: 2003 (Hectares)

Total Closed Region Forest Total Broadleaved M ixed Coniferous

Philippines 7,168,400 2,560,872 2,448,864 24,618 87,390

NCR2,820---- CAR 672,320 384,877 302,465 485 81,927 I - Ilocos Region 189,801 37,723 32,921 - 4,802 II - Cagayan Valley 1,149,845 503,149 501,982 1,113 54 III - Central Luzon 589,495 226,241 225,628 6 607 IVA - Calabarzon 289,673 117,162 117,162 - - IVB - Mimaropa 1,195,144 484,866 484,796 70 - V - Bicol Region 158,476 50,618 50,618 - - VI - Western Visayas 264,514 105,873 91,968 13,905 - VII - Central Visayas 74,869 2,231 2,231 - - VIII - Eastern Visayas 519,848 36,473 36,473 - - IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 182,195 29,652 29,652 - - X - Nort hern M indanao 3 37,493 107,0 71 107,0 71 - - XI - Davao Region 421,035 177,503 177,503 - - XII - Soccsksargen 349,234 126,385 126,385 - - XIII - Caraga 523,292 64,729 55,690 9,039 - ARMM 250,346 106,319 106,319 - -

Open Total Broadleaved M ixed Coniferous

Philippines 4,030,588 3,847,284 69,861 113,443

NCR 2,790 2,790 - - CAR 246,848 142,650 8,149 96,049 I - I l o c o s R eg i o n 117, 2 17 10 3 , 58 4 1, 778 11, 8 55 II - Cagayan Valley 604,473 598,901 947 4,625 III - Central Luzon 304,215 293,901 10,095 219 I V A - C al ab ar z o n 16 1, 16 5 16 1, 16 5 - - IVB - Mimaropa 604,246 597,605 5,946 695 V - Bicol Region 90,284 90,284 - - V I - West ern V isayas 104,686 83,109 21,577 - VII - Central Visayas 43,026 39,673 3,353 - V I I I - E as t er n V i s ay as 4 10 , 111 4 10 , 111 - - IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 126,790 126,790 - - X - Northern Mindanao 226,400 226,400 - - XI - Davao Region 240,986 240,986 - - XII - Soccsksargen 218,858 218,858 - - XIII - Caraga 431,832 413,816 18,016 - ARMM 96,661 96,661 - -

C ont inued

FORESTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Table 10.2--Concluded

Plantationa Region/Province M angrove Total Broadleaved Coniferous M angrove

Philippines 247,362 329,578 324,554 3,479 1,545

NCR 30---- CA R - 40,595 37,116 3,479 - I - Ilocos Region 151 34,710 34,710 - - II - Cagayan Valley 8,602 33,621 33,621 - - III - Cent ral Luzon 368 58,671 58,671 - - IVA- Calabarzon11,346---- IVB - Mimaropa 57,567 48,465 48,000 - 465 V - Bicol Region 13,499 2,075 2,075 - - VI - Western Visayas 4,600 49,355 49,355 - - V II - Cent ral V isayas 11,770 17,8 42 17,8 42 - - VIII - Eastern Visayas 38,781 34,483 33,970 - 513 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 22,279 3,474 3,425 - 49 X - Nort hern M indanao 2,492 1,530 1,530 - - XI - Davao Region 2,010 536 536 - - XII - Soccsksargen 1,350 2,641 2,555 - 86 XIII- Caraga26,731---- ARMM 45,786 1,580 1,148 - 432

Note: a Incomplete Dat a.

Source: Forest M anagement B ureau.

NSO 2011 PHILIPPINE YEARBOOK

TABLE 10.3 Community-based Forest Management Agreements and Beneficiaries, by Region: 2009 (Area in Hectare)

Beneficiaries Number Region Number Tenured Area (Number of People's issued of households) Organizations

Philippines 1,790 1,633,891 322,248 1,790

NCR - - - - CAR 87 56,625 13,762 87 I - Ilocos Region 127 40,272 15,514 127 II - Cagayan Valley 103 269,879 92,391 103 III - Cent ral Luzon 131 79,517 12,502 131 IVA - Calabarzon 47 18,401 3,098 47 IVB - Mimaropa 78 92,615 10,229 78 V - Bicol Region 83 47,926 12,328 83 V I - West ern V isayas 105 40,715 17,142 105 V II - Cent ral V isayas 208 57,60 9 16,056 208 VIII - Eastern Visayas 132 116,739 14,405 132 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 131 79,207 12,886 131 X - Northern Mindanao 298 213,770 34,021 298 XI - Davao Region 94 207,264 26,114 94 XII - Soccsksargen 53 95,739 10,607 53 XIII - Caraga 113 217,613 31,193 113 ARMM - - - -

Source: Forest M anag ement B ureau

FORESTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

TABLE 10.4 Number and Area of National Parks, Wilderness, Watershed Reservations Game Refuge and Bird Sanctuaries, and Mangrove Swamp, by Region: 2008-2009 (Area in Hectares)

Watershed Wilderness Game Refuge and M angrove National Parks Region Reservations Areas Bird Sanctuaries Swamp * Number Area Number Area Number Area Number Area Number

2009

Philippines 71 524,152 134 1,561,127 16 3,297 8 918,585 27

NCR 1 59 1 2,659 - - - - - CAR 4 18,457 7 119,114 - - - - - I - Ilocos 7 20,995 10 6,167 - - - - - II - Cagayan Valley 2 4,955 5 119,261 2 1,095 2 4,554 - III - Central Luzon 7 31,425 25 281,191 - - 1 12 - IVA - Calabarzon 11 57,379 13 48,160 1 430 - - 2 IVB - Mimaropa 4 134,202 6 8,748 - - 3 906,799 4 V - Bicol 7 42,473 11 37,725 4 465 - - 7 VI - Western Visayas 3 26,555 9 131,777 - - - - - VII - Central Visayas 4 21,670 7 104,381 4 1,307 1 920 5 VIII - Eastern Visayas 5 2,118 9 30,599 - - - - 1 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 3 3,110 4 11,456 - - - - 1 X - Nort hern M indanao 3 84,616 4 114,970 - - - - 2 XI- Davao 274,19547,9641- - - 1 XII - Soccsksargen 1 94 5 272,759 - - 1 6,300 - XIII - Caraga - - 12 81,842 4 - - - 3 ARMM 7 1,849 2 182,354 - - - - 1

2008

Philippines 71 524,152 128 1,517,412 16 3,297 8 918,585 27

NCR 1 59 1 2,659 - - - - - CAR 4 18,457 7 119,114 - - - - - I - Ilocos Region 7 20,995 10 6,167 - - - - - II - Cagayan Valley 2 4,955 5 119,261 2 1,095 2 4,554 - III - Central Luzon 7 31,425 25 281,191 - - 1 12 - IVA - Calabarzon 11 57,379 13 48,160 1 430 - - 2 IVB - Mimaropa 4 134,202 6 8,748 - - 3 906,799 4 V - Bicol Region 7 42,473 11 37,725 4 465 - - 7 VI - Western Visayas 3 26,555 9 131,777 - - - - - VII - Central Visayas 4 21,670 7 104,381 4 1,307 1 920 5 VIII - Eastern Visayas 5 2,118 9 30,599 - - - - 1 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 3 3,110 4 11,456 - - - - 1 X - Nort hern M indanao 3 84,616 4 114,970 - - - - 2 XI - Davao Region 2 74,195 3 7,850 1 - - - 1 XII - Soccsksargen 1 94 5 272,759 - - 1 6,300 - XIII - Caraga - - 7 38,241 4 - - - 3 ARMM 7 1,849 2 182,354 - - - - 1

Note: * Und et ermined area.

Sources: Forest M anagement B ureau and Prot ect ed A reas and Wildlif e Bureau

NSO 2011 PHILIPPINE YEARBOOK

TABLE 10.5 Number, Area, and Annual Allowable Cut of Timber Licenses: 1969-2009 (Area in Thousand Hectares, Allow able Cut in Thousand Cubic Meters)

Y ear Number Area Annual Allowable Cut

Fiscal year

19 6 9 - 70 4 12 9 , 3 57 15, 4 9 1 19 70 - 71 4 6 1 10 , 59 8 16 , 0 6 8 1971-72 343 9,368 16,440

1972-73 338 8,453 16,810 19 73 - 74 4 2 2 10 , 2 9 1 2 0 , 9 13 1974-75 408 9,627 20,363 1975-76 471 10,137 21,885

Calendar year

1977 376 10,211 21,071 19 78 3 15 8 , 76 9 18 , 6 72 19 79 2 8 4 8 , 3 10 17, 4 53 19 8 0 2 6 1 7, 9 3 9 16 , 8 17 1981 250 7,744 14,958 1982 217 7,539 14,001 1983 133 5,779 9,796 1984 157 6,347 9,765 19 8 5 16 5 6 , 59 4 9 , 773 1986 159 5,849 8,516 19 8 7 154 5, 579 8 , 4 9 1 1988 120 4,737 8,118 1989 113 4,634 6,604 1990 96 3,760 5,048 1991 81 2,917 4,792 1992 71 2,311 1,936 1993 50 1,717 1,369 19 9 4 4 6 1, 6 2 7 1, 14 4 1995 41 1,600 1,105 1996 36 1,564 1,032 19 9 7 2 6 1, 3 10 8 54 1998 21 1,036 524 1999 20 905 551 2000 20 910 798 2001 20 910 212 2002 18 787 171 2003 16 662 234 2004 15 584 212 2005 18 825 111 2006 15 691 308 2007 11 496 144 2008 13 587 448 2009 4 253 66

FORESTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

TABLE 10.6 Number, Area, and Allow able Cut of Existing Timber License Agreements and Pulpwood Timber Licenses, by Region and by Type: 2007-2009 (Area in Thousand Hectares, Allow able Cut in Thousand Cubic Meters)

Total T imber License Agreements Pulpwood Timber Licenses Region Number Area lowable Cut Number Area lowable Cut Number Area lowable Cut

2007

Philippines 11 495 143 11 495 143 - - -

CAR ------I - Ilocos Region ------II - Cagayan Valley 1 24 - 1 24 - - - - III - Cent ral Luzon 2 73 - 2 73 - - - - IVA - Calabarzon ------IVB - M imaropa ------V - Bicol Region ------VI - Western Visayas ------VII - Central Visayas ------VIII - East ern Visayas 3 184 - 3 184 - - - - IX - Zamb o ang a Peninsula 120-120---- X - Nort hern M indanao 1 20 - 1 20 - - - - XI - Davao Region 1 65 59 1 65 59 - - - XII - Soccsksargen ------XIII - Caraga 2 109 84 2 109 84 - - - ARMM ------

Total T imber License Agreements Pulpwood Timber Licenses Number Area lowable Cut Number Area lowable Cut Number Area lowable Cut

2008

Philippines 13 586 448 13 586 448 - - -

CAR - - - 1 - - - - - I - Ilocos Region ------II - Cagayan Valley 2 47 65 - 47 65 - - - III - Cent ral Luzon 2 73 - - 73 - - - - IVA - Calabarzon ------I V B - M i mar o p a 2 112 12 9 2 112 12 9 - - - V - Bicol Region ------VI - Western Visayas ------VII - Central Visayas ------VIII - East ern Visayas 3 180 80 3 180 80 - - - IX - Zamb o ang a Peninsula 124-124---- X - Nort hern M indanao - - - 2 - - - - - XI - Davao Region - - - 1 - - - - - X II - Soccsksargen 2 75 108 2 75 108 - - - XIII - Caraga 1 75 66 1 75 66 - - - ARMM ------

C ont inued

NSO 2011 PHILIPPINE YEARBOOK

Table 10.6--Concluded

Total Timber License Agreements Pulpwood Timber Licenses Region N umber Area lowable Cut Number Area lowable Cut Number Area lowable Cut

2009

Philippines 4 253 66 4 253 66 - - -

CAR ------I - Ilocos Region ------II- Cagayan Valley------III - Central Luzon ------IVA - Calabarzon ------IVB - M imaropa ------V - Bicol Region ------VI - Western Visayas ------VII - Central Visayas ------VIII - Eastern Visayas 2 153 1 2 153 1 - - - IX - Zamb o ang a Peninsula 124 - 1 24 - - - - X - Nort hern M ind anao ------XI - Davao Region ------XII - Soccsksargen ------XIII - Caraga 1 75 65 1 75 65 - - - ARMM ------

Notes: Details may not add up to totals due to rounding. * Includes suspended Timber License A greement s.

Source: Forest M anagement B ureau

FORESTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

TABLE 10.7 Number, Daily Rated Capacity, and Annual Log Requirement of Active Saw mills: 1969-2009 (Rated Capacity and Log Requirement in Thousand Cubic Meters)

Y ear N umber D aily R at ed C apacit y A nnual Log R equirement

Fiscal year

1969-70 352 5 n.a. 1970-71 349 17 n.a. 19 71- 72 3 55 17 1, 150

1972 -73 370 16 7,994 1973 -74 3 55 16 8,83 5 1974-75 408 7 n.a.

Calendar year

1976 325 8 2,673 1977 341 8 8,163 1978 357 18 7,888 1979 227 11 4,674 1980 209 11 4,715

19 8 1 18 2 10 4 , 2 6 7 19 8 2 19 0 10 4 , 4 10 1983 195 10 4,493 19 8 4 18 9 10 4 , 16 0 1985 174 8 3,374

1986 169 9 3,330 19 8 7 18 0 9 3 , 18 6 1988 190 9 3,274 1989 171 8 2,976 1990 152 7 2,446

1991 150 7 2,408 19 9 2 12 4 6 1, 9 6 9 1993 95 4 1,502 1994 93 4 1,554 1995 78 4 1,531

1996 61 3 1,236 1997 85 5 1,555 1998 55 3 904 1999 51 1 955 2000 45 1 742

2001 44 1 777 2002 36 2 622 2003 31 1 539 2004 36 1 599 2005 30 1 453

2006 28 1 499 2007 20 1 499 2008 35 2 619 2009 34 1 516

Source: Forest M anagement B ureau

NSO 2011 PHILIPPINE YEARBOOK

TABLE 10.7a Number, Daily Rated Capacity, and Annual Log Requirement of Active Saw mills by Region: 2008 and 2009 (Rated Capacity and Log Requirement in Cubic Meters)

Total With Timber Concession Without Timber Concession Number Daily Annual Number Daily Annual Number Daily Annual Region of Rated Log Re- of Rated Log Re- of Rated Log Re- Sawmills Capacity uirement Sawmills Capacity quirement Sawmills Capacity uirement

2009

Philippines 34 1,294 516,411 6 208 78,781 28 1,086 437,630

NCR 10 419 139,647 - - - 10 419 139,647 CAR 1 71 23,585 1 71 23,585 - - - I - Ilocos Region ------I I - C ag ay an V al l ey 1 3 5 11, 79 3 - - - 1 3 5 11, 79 3 III - Central Luzon 7 250 100,825 4 137 55,196 3 113 45,629 IVA - Calabarzon 4 177 58,963 - - - 4 177 58,963 IVB - M imaropa ------V - Bicol Region ------V I - West ern V isayas ------VII - Central Visayas ------VIII - Eastern Visayas ------IX - Zamboanga Peninsula ------X - Northern Mindanao 4 224 134,433 - - - 4 224 134,433 XI - Davao Region ------XII - Soccsksargen ------XIII - Caraga 7 118 47,165 1 - - 6 118 47,165 ARMM ------

2008

P hi l i p p i nes 3 5 1, 575 6 18 , 56 6 10 4 16 170 , 8 75 2 5 1, 159 4 4 7, 6 9 1

NCR 8 353 117,637 - - - 8 353 117,637 CAR 1 71 23,585 1 71 23,585 - - - I - Ilocos Region ------I I - C ag ay an V al l ey 1 3 5 11, 79 3 - - - 1 3 5 11, 79 3 III - Central Luzon 7 250 83,330 4 137 45,593 3 113 37,737 IVA - Calabarzon 4 177 58,960 - - - 4 177 58,960 IVB - M imaropa ------V - Bicol Region ------V I - West ern V isayas ------VII - Central Visayas ------VIII - Eastern Visayas ------IX - Zamboanga Peninsula ------X - Northern Mindanao 4 270 162,736 1 70 42,453 3 200 120,283 XI - Davao Region 4 195 59,777 1 8 2,490 3 187 57,287 XII - Soccsksargen ------XIII - Caraga 6 224 100,748 3 130 56,754 3 94 43,994 ARMM ------

Source : Forest Management Bureau

FORESTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

TABLE 10.8 Processed Wood and Other Wood-based Products: 1976-2009

Processed Wood Other Wood-based Products (Thousand Cubic M eters) (Thousand M etric Tons) Year Paper and Particle Lumber Plywood Veneer Fiberboard Blockboard Paperboard Board

Calendar year

1976 1,609 416 403 184 51 - 19 1977 1,567 489 496 212 54 - 19 1978 1,780 490 546 200 61 1 14 1979 1,626 503 634 326 69 1 12 1980 1,529 553 660 324 - - 3

1981 1,219 457 364 247 - - 6 1982 1,200 422 159 223 - - 10 19 8 3 1, 2 2 2 4 59 14 6 2 13 - 8a 10 1984 1,234 438 84 251 - 3a 12 a 19 8 5 1, 0 6 2 3 50 77 155 - 2 7

1986 977 424 73 183 - 4 21 1987 1,233 517 75 65 - - 15 1988 1,033 415 85 244 36 - 20 1989 975 344 61 239 n.a. n.a. 9 1990 841 397 49 175 n.a. n.a. 17

1991 726 321 54 b 392 n.a. n.a. 6 1992 647 331b 80b n.a. n.a. n.a. 5 1993 440 273 65 n.a. n.a. n.a. 4 1994 407 258 39 n.a. n.a. n.a. 122 1995 286 290 19 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

1996 313 508 82 n.a. n.a. n.a. 28a 1997 351 484 62 n.a. n.a. 4a 27a 1998 222 246 59 n.a. n.a. n.a. 35a 1999 288 243 89 n.a. n.a. n.a. 25a 2000 150 286 178 n.a. n.a. n.a. 40a

2001 197 292 135 r n.a. 5a n.a. 54 a 2002 163 350 172 r n.a. 4a n.a. 45a 2003 246 351 152 r n.a. 7a n.a. 59 a 2004 339 386 180 r n.a. n.a. n.a. 55 2005 288 314 133 n.a. 8 n.a. 62

2006 432 317 95 n.a. 5 n.a. 62 2007 362 281 124 n.a. 6 n.a. 56 2008 358 235 101 n.a. 10 n.a. 42 2009 304 253 88 n.a. 12 n.a. 42

Notes: a In thousand cubic meters. b Excludes dat a f or t he A ut onomous Region in M uslim M indanao.

Source: Forest M anagement B ureau

NSO 2011 PHILIPPINE YEARBOOK

TABLE 10.9 Log Production, Quantity, and Value of Exports: 1979-2009 (Production and Volume in Cubic Meters, Value in Thousand Dollars)

Exports Y ear Production Percent to Total Volume Value Production

Calendar year

1979 6,577,864 1,247,973 19.0 144,407 1980 6,352,300 714,541 11.2 91,921 1981 5,399,523 706,399 13.1 76,098 1982 4,514,319 752,408 16.7 78,477 1983 4,430,194 786,037 17.7 73,680 1984 3,872,570 846,022 21.8 87,789 1985 3,567,720 454,336 15.2 39,231 1986 3,433,774 412,792 12.0 26,571

1987 4,147,460 205,905 5.0 347 1988 3,809,196 173,503 4.6 710 1989 3,168,043 109,955 3.5 324 1990 2,502,625 50,953 2.0 88 1991 1,921,595 2,359 0.1 142 1992 1,438,237 a - b 1993 1,021,588 1 - 91 1994 957,369 4 1.9 207

1995 758,490 - - - 1996 771,322 - - 207 1997 555,917 4 - 266 1998 633,797 - - - 1999 730,170 a - 4 2000 800,087 a - 16 2001 570,890 5 - 156 2002 403,263 1 0.2 4.3 2003 505,703 - - - 2004 767,668 1.8 0.0 60.4 2005 840,980 a - 3.0 2006 1,036,033 a - 20.0

2007 880,674 78 - 12.0 2008 815,225 a - 39.0 2009 801,520 77 - 3,406.0

Notes: a Less t han one t housand. b Included in sawlog/veneer log. Sources: National Statistics Office and Forest M anagement B ureau

FORESTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

TABLE 10.10 Lumber Production, Quantity, and Value of Exports: 1979-2009 (Production and Volume in Cubic Meters, Value in Thousand Dollars)

Exports Y ear Production Percent to Total Volume Value Production

Calendar year

1979 1,626,115 915,022 56.3 198,345 1980 1,529,100 741,793 48.5 181,286 1981 1,218,906 546,530 44.8 125,766 1982 1,199,974 590,674 49.2 123,696 1983 1,222,495 727,927 59.5 149,087

1984 1,234,086 539,843 43.7 106,560 1985 1,061,680 512,287 48.2 90,421 1986 976,742 494,639 50.6 103,141 1987 1,232,652 645,259 52.4 154,203 1988 1,033,313 628,942 60.9 156,473

1989 975,015 438,146 44.9 136,170 1990 840,973 76,938 9.1 19,424 1991 725,913 58,017 8.0 16,634 1992 647,186 56,432 8.7 14,542 1993 439,965 79,776 18.1 17,754

1994 406,952 37,497 9.2 6,116 1995 286,036 83,813 29.3 14,661 1996 312,652 145,216 46.4 23,916 1997 350,634 141,350 40.3 21,852 1998 221,988 40,764 18.4 5,542 1999 288,317 69,132 24.0 8,738

2000 150,651 120,484 80.0 20,457 2001 197,148 105,101 53.0 15,959 2002 163,218 90,610 55.5 10,267 2003 246,199 119,414 48.5 12,120 2004 339,272 124,847 36.8 9,737 2005 287,855 130,175 45.2 8,487

2006 431,645 184,386 42.7 13,198 2007 361,838 207,642 57.4 14,342 2008 357,698 214,534 59.9 11,602 2009 304,360 293,287 96.4 91.29

Sources: National Statistics Office and Forest M anagement B ureau

NSO 2011 PHILIPPINE YEARBOOK

TABLE 10.11 Plywood Production, Quantity, and Value of Exports: 1979-2009 (Production and Volume in Cubic Meters, Value in Thousand Dollars, Free-On-Board)

Exports Year Production Percent to Total Volume Value Production

Calendar year

1979 502,674 323,860 64.4 85,203 1980 552,870 322,103 58.3 103,843 1981 457,037 370,496 81.1 110,741 1982 421,866 241,802 57.3 67,435 1983 459,105 295,325 64.3 76,678

1984 573,540 249,874 43.6 57,514 1985 350,142 241,086 68.8 51,753 1986 424,312 240,877 56.8 57,204 1987 517,042 243,461 47.1 68,062 1988 415,253 242,786 58.5 78,778

1989 343,517 116,309 33.9 38,482 1990 396,946 175,914 44.3 60,226 1991 320,528 112,235 35.0 41,761 1992 330,580 71,280 21.6 27,826 1993 260,714 24,361 9.4 11,406

1994 258,397 4,217 1.6 2,101 1995 289,999 305 0.1 101 1996 507,645 169 0.0 78 1997 484,454 38 - 17 1998 246,023 167 0.1 80 1999 243,563 726 2.9 343

2000 286,314 2,226 0.8 2,056 2001 292,294 6,834 2.0 3,162 2002 350,353 7,384 2.1 3,029 2003 350,891 9,591 2.7 3,287 2004 385,570 47,731 12.4 17,703

2005 314,182 40,015 12.7 17,778 2006 316,922 19,952 6.3 9,619 2007 281,457 36,759 13.3 14,810 2008 234,990 38,931 16.6 19,237 2009 252,870 33,305 13.2 21.921

Sources: Nat io nal St at ist ics Of f ice and Fo rest M anag ement B ureau

FORESTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

TABLE 10.12 Veneer Production, Quantity and Value of Exports: 1979-2009 (Production and Volume in Cubic Meters, Value in Thousand Dollars, Free-on-Board)

Exports Y ear Production Percent to Total Volume Value Production

Calend ar year

1979 633,940 186,086 29.4 34,590 1980 659,873 164,240 24.9 35,684 1981 552,771 138,303 25.0 31,336 1982 428,453 98,009 22.9 20,247 1983 445,036 122,505 27.5 27,820

1984 97,555 71,370 73.2 14,069 1985 76,575 68,754 89.8 11,646 1986 72,689 49,787 68.5 9,379 1987 74,925 64,277 85.8 14,806 1988 85,194 78,521 92.2 20,999

1989 61,138 64,401 105.3 17,433 1990 48,867 47,117 96.4 13,080 1991 54,433 32,875 60.4 9,457 1992 79,787 21,636 27.1 7,525 1993 64,753 7,025 10.8 2,658

1994 38,765 29,838 77.0 11,891 1995 19,059 32,517 170.6 13,487 1996 82,189 26,351 32.1 12,856 1997 61,615 31,022 50.3 14,385 1998 58,880 32,395 55.0 11,748 1999 89,234 4,601 5.2 2,890

2000 178,082 4,625 2.6 2,962 2001 254,801 2,817 1.1 1,584 2002 205,056 5,982 2.9 3,089 2003 336,046 4,449 1.3 2,389 2004 385,258 7,495 1.9 3,251

2005 132,938 6,554 4.9 3,712 2006 95,427 5,856 6.1 4,019 2007 123,942 6,714 5.4 3,833 2008 100,712 3,764 3.7 2,003 2009 87,953 4,032 4.6 1,301

Sources: Nat io nal St at ist ics Of f ice and Fo rest M anag ement B ureau

NSO 2011 PHILIPPINE YEARBOOK

TABLE 10.13 Selected Forest-Based Furniture Exports: 2006-2009 (Quantity in piece, FOB Value in Thousand US Dollars)

Commodity and Country 2006 2007 2008 2009 of Destination Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value

Total 3,293,033 199,275 155,902,886 174,700,584 42,538,608 154,574 19,007,920 76,207

Furniture, n.e.s. of rattan 1,046,245 39,112 5,052,472 18,907,329 3,864,016 15,304 1,896,249 7,387 United States of America 468,197 23,256 3,480,958 13,707,258 2,523,381 10,470 1,269,763 5,179 Japan 271,239 2,043 125,121 343,058 77,192 263 18,017 46 Australia 32,262 1,466 68,122 193,045 40,791 109 83,881 228 United Kingdom of Great Britain 14,750 729 128,674 721,292 114,402 597 34,948 190 France 23,624 842 66,093 197,646 13,070 44 1,222 4 Others 236,173 10,776 1,183,504 3,745,030 1,095,180 3,821 488,418 1,741

Chairs and o t her seat s of rat t a 409,027 21,766 110,240,317 28,077,316 6,311,690 24,022 2,998,005 10,894 United States of America 295,582 16,091 106,837,590 17,718,494 3,647,574 13,753 1,650,776 5,999 Japan 13,024 560 371,067 1,097,430 306,524 972 95,840 255 France 8,538 336 105,839 309,153 23,674 98 27,740 83 United Kingdom of Great Britain 14,422 755 199,738 523,330 102,297 531 46,198 203 Australia 5,533 206 165,813 449,258 168,012 582 146,554 508 Ot hers 71,928 3,818 2 ,560 ,270 7,979 ,651 2,063,609 8,086 1,030,897 3,845

Furniture, n.e.s. of wood 1,336,656 105,979 991,846 3,301,216 6,616,464 21,739 10,722,574 45,763 United States of America 823,879 74,291 858,859 2,787,837 4,079,705 13,128 6,050,962 24,918 Japan 62,499 2,414 7,486 18,686 82,197 200 447,568 1,735 United Kingdom of Great Britain 19,692 1,541 6,435 43,811 70,353 299 315,005 1,872 Australia 32,342 2,834 12,997 60,552 93,153 270 278,124 845 Others 398,244 24,899 106,069 390,330 2,291,056 7,842 3,630,915 16,393

Chair and other seats of wood 399,723 29,838 8,193,391 25,138,311 624,241 2,851 3,203,110 11,405 United States of America 215,139 20,152 5,198,863 16,046,900 519,163 2,266 1,636,079 6,431 Japan 12,517 525 170,355 415,482 9,292 36 49,887 166 United Kingdom of Great Britain 12,886 390 98,469 338,281 13,885 176 71,113 215 Australia 18,239 646 119,771 379,247 2,985 16 62,404 178 Germany, Federal Republic o 27,870 1,297 521,156 1,466,029 796 3 284,475 590 Others 112,072 6,828 2,084,777 6,492,372 78,120 354 1,099,152 3,825

Furniture, n.e.s. of bamboo 90,606 2,102 87,592 247,618 42,813 193 76,444 297 United States of America 67,457 1,110 47,424 140,308 32,800 156 64,202 259 Australia 834 49 6,606 10,256 1,002 4 1,376 6 France 498 36 8,105 14,612 887 5 1,206 2 Spain 69 8 - - 182 8 660 5 Others 21,748 899 25,457 82,442 7,942 20 9,000 25

Chair and ot her seat s o f bambo 10,776 478 519,898 1,676,152 211,286 740 111,538 461 United States of America 6,349 254 203,973 784,719 78,930 290 64,202 259 Spain 116 26 7,560 16,835 4,462 21 660 5 I t al y 1, 3 7 5 78 10 9 , 0 4 4 3 8 5 , 4 6 6 11, 13 5 2 4 11, 57 2 2 5 Australia 5 a 7,442 20,588 2,728 3 2,235 11 Others 2,931 120 288,349 818,165 114,031 402 32,869 162

Notes: M ajo r f o rest pro duct s include logs, lumber, p lywood , and veneer sheet s and co rest ock. n.e.s. - no t elsewhere sp ecif ied a - Less t han 1,00 0

Sources: Nat io nal St at ist ics Of f ice and Forest M anagement B ureau.

FORESTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

TABLE 10.14 Production of Selected Nontimber Forest Products: 2001-2009 (In Thous ands )

Unit Product 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 of M easure

Almaciga resins Kilo 520 521 292 368 51 163 255 248 525 A nahaw leaves Piece 121 94 54 100 133 181 303 196 153 Bamboo Piece 537 417 293 204 865 66 1,528 872 988 Buri midribs Piece 78 48 12 - 1 - - 10 8 Diliman and other vines Kilo 64 68 46 2 56 23 65 3 39 Hingiw Kilo--4------Nipa shingles Piece 12,093 11,099 11,879 10,036 10,340 10,948 17,158 13,161 15,938 S p l i t r at t an K i l o 2 5 - 1 17 13 14 14 18 3 4 Unsplit rattan Linear meter 8,767 6,641 9,079 16,074 12,970 15,436 4,886 5,151 3,102

Source: Forest M anagement B ureau

TABLE 10.14a Exports of Selected Nontimber Forest Products: 2002-2009 (Quantity in Thousand Kilos, FOB Value in Thousand US Dollars)

2002 2003 2004 2005 Product Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value

Total 497 743 615 820 413 439 434 474

Almaciga resins 204 161 199 175 230 222 191 154 Bamboo 30 36 54 113 39 24 74 73 Elemi 246 528 361 528 144 193 165 237 Rattan poles 17 18 1 4 * - 4 9

2006 2007 2008 2009 Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value

Total 423 612 461 626 456 873 256 362

Almaciga resins 163 136 261 306 122 172 128 171 Bamboo 66 129 47 25 47 72 45 17 Elemi 181 298 146 279 262 616 79 173 Rattan poles 13 49 7 16 25 13 4 1

Note: * Less t han a t housand.

Source : Forest M anagement B ureau.

NSO 2011 PHILIPPINE YEARBOOK

TABLE 10.15 Forest Charges on Selected Nontimber Forest Products, by Region: 2008 and 2009 (Pesos)

Almaciga Bamboo Split Unsplit Region Resin Poles Rattan Rattan

2009

Philippines 376,718 19,543 20,864 3,228,725

CAR - 13,888 - - I - Ilocos Region - - - - II - Cagayan V alley 7,700 - - 194,765 III - Central Luzon - - - 41,868 IVA - Calabarzon - 3,600 - 8,900 IVB - Mimaropa 336,418 - 20,864 136,744 V - Bicol Region - - - 2,796 VI - Western Visayas - - - - VII - Central Visayas - 667 - 200 VIII - Eastern Visayas 32,600 - - 390,667 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula - - - - X - Nort hern M indanao - - - 70,444 XI - Davao Region - 488 - 380,853 XII - Soccsksargen - 900 - - X III - Caraga - - - - ARMM - - - 2,001,488

2008

Philippines 360,361 18,318 20,431 3,206,864

CAR - 13,150 - - I - Ilocos Region - - - - II - Cagayan V alley 7,500 - - 193,065 III - Central Luzon - - - 40,732 IVA - Calabarzon - 3,400 - 8,600 IVB - Mimaropa 321,361 - 20,431 135,049 V - Bicol Region - - - 2,543 VI - Western Visayas - - - - V II - Cent ral V isayas - 558 - 100 VIII - Eastern Visayas 31,500 - - 390,044 IX - Zamboanga Peninsula - - - - X - Nort hern M indanao - - - 69,810 XI - Davao Region - 410 - 379,085 XII - Soccsksargen - 800 - - X III - Caraga - - - - ARMM - - - 1,987,836

Source: Forest M anagement B ureau

FORESTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

TABLE 10.16 Area Reforested by the Government and Private Sectors: 1976-2009 (Hectares)

Government Sector Private Sector Total Other Timber Year Area Total DENR Government Total Licenses Others Agencies

1976 31,733 23,228 20,977 2,251 8,505 8,275 230 1977 53,263 33,365 23,677 9,688 19,898 17,276 2,622 1978 78,425 44,686 34,343 10,343 33,739 22,006 11,733 1979 79,397 51,858 35,305 16,553 27,539 20,132 7,407 1980 60,516 39,881 32,956 6,925 20,635 15,579 5,056

1981 64,541 33,296 30,707 2,589 31,245 20,096 11,149 1982 63,262 35,201 31,202 3,999 28,061 21,588 6,473 1983 78,538 42,239 27,155 15,084 36,299 31,703 4,596 1984 38,935 16,088 15,520 568 22,847 14,186 8,661 1985 24,231 12,684 12,201 483 11,547 8,148 3,399

1986 32,998 24,426 22,495 1,931 8,572 6,572 2,000 1987 39,811 28,843 27,558 1,285 10,968 7,956 3,012 1988 64,183 31,226 30,890 336 32,957 23,126 9,831 1989 131,404 89,452 82,966 6,486 41,952 32,087 9,865 19 9 0 * 191,663 153,949 146,718 7,231 37,714 *33,443 4,271

19 9 1* 93,039 73,602 72,238 1,364 19,437 18,089 1,348 19 9 2 * 40,593 24,304 24,304 - 16,289 11,683 4,606 19 9 3 * 19,211 6,347 6,347 - 12,864 12,692 172 19 9 4 * 49,551 18,032 18,032 - 31,519 9,468 22,051 1995 65,233 21,841 7,840 14,001 43,392 30,380 13,012

1996 46,096 18,869 18,869 - 27,227 20,005 7,222 1997 66,237 49,301 48,490 811 16,936 14,357 2,579 1998 42,368 33,219 32,643 576 9,149 8,236 913 1999 42,167 31,184 30,831 353 10,983 6,904 4,079 2000 27,632 21,740 19,059 2,681 5,892 1,989 3,903

2001 24,847 19,927 19,887 40 4,920 1,410 3,510 2002 25,620 20,681 9,111 11,570 4,939 564 4,375 2003 15,088 13,195 6,565 6,630 1,893 842 1,051 2004 20,338 12,436 12,436 - 7,902 2,836 5,066 2005 16,498 7,187 7,187 - 9,311 341 8,970

2006 7,223 4,476 4,476 - 2,747 - 2,747 2007 27,837 25,024 25,024 - 2,813 - 2,813 2008 43,609 27,752 27,752 - 15,857 182 14,747 2009 54,790 53,842 53,842 - 950 950 -

Note: * Includes enrichment plant ing of t imber licenses. Source: Forest M anagement B ureau

NSO 2011 PHILIPPINE YEARBOOK

TABLE 10.17 Ten Major Lakes in the Philippines (Area in Hectares)

Name of Lake Location Area

Total 18 7, 16 4

Laguna de B ay Laguna and Rizal 90,000 Lake Lanao Lanao del Sur 34,700 Taal Lake B at angas 23,400 Lake M ainit Surigao del Nort e/ A gusan del Nort e 14,000 Naujan Lake Orient al M indoro 11,000 Lake B uluan Sult an Kudarat 6,500 Lake B at o Camarines Sur 3,800 Lake B uhi Camarines Sur 1, 8 0 0 Lake Dapao Lanao del Sur 1, 0 0 0 Lake Seb u So ut h Co t ab at o 964

Source: Environment al M anagement B ureau. Nat ional Wat er Qualit y St at us Report : 2001-2008

TABLE 10.18 Major River Basins in the Philippines (Drainage Area in Square Kilometers)

River Basin Region Drainage Area

Cagayan River Cagayan V alley 25,649 M indanao River Sout hern M indanao 23,169 A gusan River Nort hern M indanao 10,921 Cent ral Luzon 9,759 A gno River Cent ral Luzon 5,952 Ilocos 5,125 Pasig-Laguna Lake Sout hern Luzon 4,678 Bicol Region 3,771 A bulug River Cagayan V alley 3,372 Tagum-Libuganon River Sout heast ern M indanao 3,064 Ilog-Hilabangan West ern V isayas 1,945 River Western Visayas 1,843 Nort hern M indanao 1,704 A gus River Sout hern M indanao 1,645 Sout heast ern M indanao 1,623 Nort hern M indanao 1,521 Jalaud River Western Visayas 1,503 B uayan-M alungun River Sout heast ern M indanao 1,434

Source: Environment al M anagement B ureau. Nat ional Wat er Qualit y St at us Report : 2001-2008

FORESTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Laguna Lake Development Authority trained a number of fisher folks and local government officials in a hands-on training workshop. (Picture source : LLDA)