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6 X 10 Long.P65 Cambridge University Press 0521801443 - The Success of India’s Democracy Edited by Atul Kohli Index More information Index Abdullah, Farooq 61, 96 and the BJP 177 Abdullah, Sheikh 95, 96 and con¯ict 220±1, 238 Acharya, Govind 184, 185 and the Congress Party 197, 198 adult suffrage see universal suffrage and group equity 233, 234 Advani, L.K. 170, 171, 172, 173±4, 176, improved economic conditions of 209 177, 180, 181, 182, 184±5, 188 and local government 221 Africa 84, 269 and political mobilization 199±200 age, and trust in local government 120 and public policy 211±18 agrarian reform 72, 108 and regional nationalism 9 Green Revolution 15, 108, 207, 209, 220 and reservation policies 15, 170, 201±7, in West Bengal 114±15 222±3 agriculture see also scheduled castes farmers' movements 210, 259, 260 Bahujan Samaj Party 185, 198 prices 159, 231 Bains, Didar Singh 263 and socialism 216 Bajrang Dal 174 wages in 212 Bakshi Ghulan Mohammed 95±6 Ahmed, Faqr ud din Ali 142±3 Balawant Rai Mehta Committee 107, 110 Ambedkar, B.R. 34, 37, 40, 41, 42, 44, 45, banking system, and unpaid loans 236 55, 56, 154, 199 Basu, Amrita 9, 13, 90 and Indian nationalists 196±7 Beijing Women's Conference 264, 267 and the Scheduled Caste Federation 194 Bengal Amrit Kaur, Rajkumari 40 Krishnak-Praja Party 46 Amritsar, Golden Temple massacre 93±4 partition of 29 Andhra Pradesh 11, 15, 146, 219 Bhagwati, P.N. 137, 140 anti-arrack mobilization in 267 Bhakt, Sikander 175 and the BJP 178 bhakti devotional movement 193±4 caste and public policy in 213, 234 Bhandari, Romesh 148, 152 center±state relations in 80, 84, 85±7 Bharati, Uma 171, 175, 179, 182, 185 and politicians 239 Bhatt, Ela 248 separatist movements in 60±2, 86±7 Bhattacharya, Harihar 116 Antony, Frank 42 Bhave, Vinoba 173, 254 Arya Samaj 194 Bihar 15 Ashoka Mehta Committee 108 caste in Assam 165±6, 208, 235 and con¯ict 220±1 assembly and association, freedom of 3 and politics 197±8, 199, 200, 209 Ayodhya movement 163±4, 167, 168±9, and public policy 213, 214, 217 170±5, 176, 177, 178, 179, 181, 183, economic development in 73, 74 184±5, 187±8 education expenditure in 217 and the Election Commission 159 Babar, emperor 173 and federalism 62, 69, 71 Babri Masjid Action Committee 173 human development conditions in 211 backward castes 196 Janata Party in 219 287 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521801443 - The Success of India’s Democracy Edited by Atul Kohli Index More information 288 Index Bihar (cont.) and federalism 53±4 local government in 107, 111, 113±14, and Northeast India 98, 101 119, 120, 123, 124, 125, 126 and the origins of Indian democracy 4±5, president's rule in 59, 153 18, 25±31 social activism in 246±7 and regional political associations 50±1 state government of 149±50, 153 BSP (Bahujan Samaj Party) 199±200, 217, Bindranwale, Sant Jarnail Singh 92±3 219 BJP (Bharatiya Janata Party) Buddhism, and caste 193, 199 and the Ayodhya movement 163±4, 167, Burke, Edmund 29, 44 168±9, 170±5, 176, 178, 179, 181, Burma, border problems with 98 184±5, 187±8 and caste 177, 185±6, 194, 200, 205, 218, Canadian federalism 54 219 caretaker governments 153±4 and center±state relations 95 caste 2, 193±225 and coalitions 218 and the BJP 177, 185±6, 194, 200, 205, ``congressization'' of the 177 218, 219 and the consolidation of Indian and center±state relations 84±5 democracy 10, 13 and the conduct of elections 157 and the constitution 179±80, 183 con¯ict 220±1 economic philosophy 188 and Constituent Assembly debates 42 elections and share of the vote 184 and the constitution 193, 195, 200±1 emergence of the 9, 15 and the Dravida Nadu movement 88, and federalism 71, 151 89 and Hindu nationalism 163±4, 166±7, and group equity 227, 232±4, 235±6 168±89 and Hindu nationalism 167, 168±9, 194, centrist party phase 176±8 208 militant social movement phase 169±76 and identity politics 198±9, 207±11 and identity politics 81, 245, 266 and Indian independence 196±7 and movement politics 178±83 and local government 221, 235±6 and Muslims 9, 175, 177, 178, 179, 181, opposition to the ideology of 193±4 183 and political cooptation 196±9 party and movement roles 166, 175±6, and political mobilization 15, 16±17, 183±9 199±207 and the presidency 146±8 politics and government formation and president's rule 59, 151, 152±3, 153 218±25 and regional nationalism 10, 61 and public policy 211±18 and right-wing movements 16 and regional nationalism 9 and the Sangh Parivar 167, 181±2, and reservation policies 15, 16, 25, 29, 186±7, 188 170, 195, 200±7, 220, 221±3, 224 and the VHP 166±7, 170, 171, 172, 173, and group equity 227, 233, 235 175, 177, 183, 184, 187, 188 rise of caste politics 195±6 and violence 181, 185 and trust in local government 119, 120 and women 174±5, 185 see also backward castes; Brahmins; lower black economy, and election campaign castes; middle castes; scheduled ®nance 160±1 castes; upper castes Bommai, S.R. 59, 65 CBI (Central Bureau of Investigation) Bose, Subhas Chandra 67, 105, 161 134±6 Brahminism, opposition to 193±4 center±state relations 78±102 Brahmins after independence 79 and caste con¯ict 221 in Andhra Pradesh 80, 84, 85±7 and the Dravidian ``nation'' 90 breakdown of 79 and socialism 216 and the constitution 83±4, 102 in southern Indian states 84±5, 88 creative ``management'' of 81±4, 91 Brahmo Samaj 194 economic conditions and the British colonialism destabilization of 100±1 and caste reservation 200 and geography 101 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521801443 - The Success of India’s Democracy Edited by Atul Kohli Index More information Index 289 and historical legacies 101 reservations 200, 206 in Jammu and Kashmir 11±12, 19, 80, and center±state relations 79 91, 95±7, 101, 102 challenges to from partyAÈ movement in the Northeast 11±12, 80±1, 82, 91, combinations 165±6 97±100, 101 and the consolidation of Indian and political institutions 78±80, 82 democracy 6±7, 10 and the politics of bargaining 100, 101±2 and the Constituent Assembly (1946±9) in Punjab11±12, 19, 80, 91, 92±5, 101, 39 102 and the deepening of democracy 14 and separatist movements 11±12, 79 and federalism 11, 51±2, 55±6, 58, 60, in Tamil Nadu 80, 87±91 71, 72 centralization and identity politics 269 and the BJP 10 and Indira Gandhi 8, 9 Constituent Assembly debates on 44±5 and the judiciary 133 and decentralization 2 and Kashmir 96 and democracy in India 19, 31±2, 39±40 loss of power 3, 9, 135±6, 157, 166 Chandrasekhar, S. 145 as a movement 165, 166 Charan Singh 197 National Planning Committee 67 Chatterjee, Partha 26 and the origins of Indian democracy 24, child labor 211, 212, 215 29 China 39, 98, 165, 194, 224 and Partition 35 Chipko movement 175 and the presidency 143±4 Christians and president's rule 150±1 and the BJP 41 and Punjab93, 94, 95 and Constituent Assembly debates 41, and regional nationalism 9 42 and regional reorganization 59, 61 civic nationalism 76 and secularism 32±3 civil rights 25 and social movements 251, 252 civil service and socialism 215, 216 and caste quotas 235±6 consolidation of democracy 6±13 and the consolidation of Indian and the constitution 12±13 democracy 6, 7, 8 and federalism 10±11 Dalit members of the 218 ®rst phase 6±7 and the origins of Indian democracy 5 second phase 7±9 civil society and separatism 11±12 and local community 104 third and current phase 9±10 and social movement activism 266±8 Constituent Assembly (1946±9) 25, 28, 29, and the state 78±9 34 and judicial activism 136±7 debates 35±45 class and federalism 53, 55, 56, 63, 65±6, 129 con¯ict 7 Linguistic Provinces Committee 59 and economic interest groups 227 and the presidency 141 identities 81 constitution of India 5, 12±13, 25±6 and caste 207±11 balance of freedom, equality and justice see also middle classes 25, 36, 40 coalition governments 218, 231 and the BJP 179±80, 183 and the presidency 141, 143±8, 154 and caste 193, 195, 200±1 president's rule 151±3 and center±state relations 83±4, 102 communal identities 81 and civil rights 25, 38±9, 40±1 communism, and the growth of social Constituent Assembly debates on 35±45 movements 243 conventional, formal and symbolic Communist Party of India (CPI) 35, 38±9, constitutions 128±9 45±6 and the Election Commission 155 Congress Party and federalism 11, 50, 54, 59, 72, 77, 129 and the BJP 181, 186 and the judiciary 132, 133 and caste 196, 197±8, 218±19 and local government 108 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521801443 - The Success of India’s Democracy Edited by Atul Kohli Index More information 290 Index constitution of India (cont.) economic growth and political regeneration 80 and centralism 39 and the presidency 141±2 and India's ``successful'' democracy 3 President Narayanan's golden jubilee low rate of 1, 18 address on the 127±8, 142 and the lower castes 224±5 and president's rule 150 and poverty in India 212 and the role of regulatory institutions economic interest groups 227±32 129±30, 161±2 economic reform 232, 233 and safeguards for minorities 25, 36 education courts and caste and the Election Commission 158 public policy and the lower castes and environmental issues 257±8 212±13, 214, 215±17, 220, 223, 224 and the judiciary 13, 132±40, 161±2, 239 quotas 232±3 and political regeneration 80, 130, 131, and the reservation system 202, 207 132 in colonial India 25, 26±8 and women's rights campaigns 256 levels of, and trust in local government CPI see Communist Party of India (CPI) 119, 120 crime bosses as politicians 237±8 teacher absenteeism from village schools cultural pluralism, and Hindu nationalism 240 163 Eldridge, Philip 246±7 Election Commission (EC) 80, 129, 130, Dalits see scheduled castes 162 Dasgupta, J.
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