The Human Retrosplenial Cortex and Thalamus Code Head Direction in a Global Reference Frame
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Neural Mechanisms of Navigation Involving Interactions of Cortical and Subcortical Structures
J Neurophysiol 119: 2007–2029, 2018. First published February 14, 2018; doi:10.1152/jn.00498.2017. REVIEW Where Are You Going? The Neurobiology of Navigation Neural mechanisms of navigation involving interactions of cortical and subcortical structures James R. Hinman, Holger Dannenberg, Andrew S. Alexander, and Michael E. Hasselmo Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts Submitted 5 July 2017; accepted in final form 1 February 2018 Hinman JR, Dannenberg H, Alexander AS, Hasselmo ME. Neural mecha- nisms of navigation involving interactions of cortical and subcortical structures. J Neurophysiol 119: 2007–2029, 2018. First published February 14, 2018; doi: 10.1152/jn.00498.2017.—Animals must perform spatial navigation for a range of different behaviors, including selection of trajectories toward goal locations and foraging for food sources. To serve this function, a number of different brain regions play a role in coding different dimensions of sensory input important for spatial behavior, including the entorhinal cortex, the retrosplenial cortex, the hippocampus, and the medial septum. This article will review data concerning the coding of the spatial aspects of animal behavior, including location of the animal within an environment, the speed of movement, the trajectory of movement, the direction of the head in the environment, and the position of barriers and objects both relative to the animal’s head direction (egocentric) and relative to the layout of the environment (allocentric). The mechanisms for coding these important spatial representations are not yet fully understood but could involve mechanisms including integration of self-motion information or coding of location based on the angle of sensory features in the environment. -
Activity Strength Within Optic Flow-Sensitive Cortical Regions Is Associated with Visual Path Integration Accuracy in Aged Adults
brain sciences Article Activity Strength within Optic Flow-Sensitive Cortical Regions Is Associated with Visual Path Integration Accuracy in Aged Adults Lauren Zajac 1,2,* and Ronald Killiany 1,2 1 Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street (L 1004), Boston, MA 02118, USA; [email protected] 2 Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston University School of Medicine, 650 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Spatial navigation is a cognitive skill fundamental to successful interaction with our envi- ronment, and aging is associated with weaknesses in this skill. Identifying mechanisms underlying individual differences in navigation ability in aged adults is important to understanding these age- related weaknesses. One understudied factor involved in spatial navigation is self-motion perception. Important to self-motion perception is optic flow–the global pattern of visual motion experienced while moving through our environment. A set of optic flow-sensitive (OF-sensitive) cortical regions was defined in a group of young (n = 29) and aged (n = 22) adults. Brain activity was measured in this set of OF-sensitive regions and control regions using functional magnetic resonance imaging while participants performed visual path integration (VPI) and turn counting (TC) tasks. Aged adults had stronger activity in RMT+ during both tasks compared to young adults. Stronger activity in the OF-sensitive regions LMT+ and RpVIP during VPI, not TC, was associated with greater VPI Citation: Zajac, L.; Killiany, R. accuracy in aged adults. The activity strength in these two OF-sensitive regions measured during Activity Strength within Optic VPI explained 42% of the variance in VPI task performance in aged adults. -
Reversible Verbal and Visual Memory Deficits After Left Retrosplenial Infarction
Journal of Clinical Neurology / Volume 3 / March, 2007 Case Report Reversible Verbal and Visual Memory Deficits after Left Retrosplenial Infarction Jong Hun Kim, M.D.*, Kwang-Yeol Park, M.D.†, Sang Won Seo, M.D.*, Duk L. Na, M.D.*, Chin-Sang Chung, M.D.*, Kwang Ho Lee, M.D.*, Gyeong-Moon Kim, M.D.* *Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea †Department of Neurology, Chung-Ang University Medical Center, Chung-Ang University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea The retrosplenial cortex is a cytoarchitecturally distinct brain structure located in the posterior cingulate gyrus and bordering the splenium, precuneus, and calcarine fissure. Functional imaging suggests that the retrosplenium is involved in memory, visuospatial processing, proprioception, and emotion. We report on a patient who developed reversible verbal and visual memory deficits following a stroke. Neuro- psychological testing revealed both anterograde and retrograde memory deficits in verbal and visual modalities. Brain diffusion-weighted and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated an acute infarction of the left retrosplenium. J Clin Neurol 3(1):62-66, 2007 Key Words : Retrosplenium, Memory, Amnesia We report on a patient who developed both verbal INTRODUCTION and visual memory deficits after an acute infarction of the retrosplenial cortex. The main structures related to human memory are the Papez circuit, the basolateral limbic circuit, and the basal forebrain, which communicate with each other through white-matter tracts. Damage to these structures (in- cluding the communication tracts) from hemorrhages, infarctions, and tumors can result in memory dis- turbances.1,2 In addition to these structures, Valenstein et al. -
Changing the Cortical Conductor's Tempo: Neuromodulation of the Claustrum
REVIEW published: 13 May 2021 doi: 10.3389/fncir.2021.658228 Changing the Cortical Conductor’s Tempo: Neuromodulation of the Claustrum Kelly L. L. Wong 1, Aditya Nair 2,3 and George J. Augustine 1,2* 1Neuroscience and Mental Health Program, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore, 2Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore, 3Computation and Neural Systems, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States The claustrum is a thin sheet of neurons that is densely connected to many cortical regions and has been implicated in numerous high-order brain functions. Such brain functions arise from brain states that are influenced by neuromodulatory pathways from the cholinergic basal forebrain, dopaminergic substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area, and serotonergic raphe. Recent revelations that the claustrum receives dense input from these structures have inspired investigation of state-dependent control of the claustrum. Here, we review neuromodulation in the claustrum—from anatomical connectivity to behavioral manipulations—to inform future analyses of claustral function. Keywords: claustrum, acetylcholine, serotonin, dopamine, neuromodulation Edited by: Edouard Pearlstein, INTRODUCTION Independent Researcher, Marseille, France The claustrum is a long and irregular sheet of neurons nestled between the insula and striatum. As it is known to be heavily and bilaterally connected to many brain regions in organisms ranging Reviewed by: Ami Citri, from mice to humans (Sherk, 1986; Torgerson et al., 2015; Wang et al., 2017, 2019; Zingg et al., Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 2018), the claustrum has been likened to a cortical conductor (Crick and Koch, 2005). -
Retrosplenial Cortex Is Necessary for Latent Learning in Mice
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.21.453258; this version posted July 23, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Retrosplenial cortex is necessary for spatial and non-spatial latent learning in mice Ana Carolina Bottura de Barros1,2*, Liad J. Baruchin1#, Marios C. Panayi3#, Nils Nyberg1, Veronika Samborska1, Mitchell T. Mealing1, Thomas Akam3, Jeehyun Kwag4, David M. Bannerman3 & Michael M. Kohl1,2* 1 Dept. of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK 2 Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK 3 Dept. of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3SR, UK 4 Dept. of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 136-71, Republic of Korea #These authors contributed equally *Correspondence: [email protected] & [email protected] Keywords: Latent Learning, Retrosplenial Cortex, Optogenetics, Internal Model, Mice 1/19 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.21.453258; this version posted July 23, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Abstract 2 Latent learning occurs when associations are formed between stimuli in the absence of explicit 3 reinforcement. -
The Pre/Parasubiculum: a Hippocampal Hub for Scene- Based Cognition? Marshall a Dalton and Eleanor a Maguire
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect The pre/parasubiculum: a hippocampal hub for scene- based cognition? Marshall A Dalton and Eleanor A Maguire Internal representations of the world in the form of spatially which posits that one function of the hippocampus is to coherent scenes have been linked with cognitive functions construct internal representations of scenes in the ser- including episodic memory, navigation and imagining the vice of memory, navigation, imagination, decision-mak- future. In human neuroimaging studies, a specific hippocampal ing and a host of other functions [11 ]. Recent inves- subregion, the pre/parasubiculum, is consistently engaged tigations have further refined our understanding of during scene-based cognition. Here we review recent evidence hippocampal involvement in scene-based cognition. to consider why this might be the case. We note that the pre/ Specifically, a portion of the anterior medial hippocam- parasubiculum is a primary target of the parieto-medial pus is consistently engaged by tasks involving scenes temporal processing pathway, it receives integrated [11 ], although it is not yet clear why a specific subre- information from foveal and peripheral visual inputs and it is gion of the hippocampus would be preferentially contiguous with the retrosplenial cortex. We discuss why these recruited in this manner. factors might indicate that the pre/parasubiculum has privileged access to holistic representations of the environment Here we review the extant evidence, drawing largely from and could be neuroanatomically determined to preferentially advances in the understanding of visuospatial processing process scenes. pathways. We propose that the anterior medial portion of the hippocampus represents an important hub of an Address extended network that underlies scene-related cognition, Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, and we generate specific hypotheses concerning the University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK functional contributions of hippocampal subfields. -
Behavioral Strategies, Sensory Cues, and Brain Mechanisms
Intro to Neuroscience: Behavioral Neuroscience Animal Navigation: Behavioral strategies, sensory cues, and brain mechanisms Nachum Ulanovsky Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science Outline of today’s lecture • Introduction: Feats of animal navigation • Navigational strategies: • Beaconing • Route following • Path integration • Map and Compass / Cognitive Map • Sensory cues for navigation: • Compass mechanisms • Map mechanisms • Brain mechanisms of Navigation (brief introduction) • Summary Outline of today’s lecture • Introduction: Feats of animal navigation • Navigational strategies: • Beaconing • Route following • Path integration • Map and Compass / Cognitive Map • Sensory cues for navigation: • Compass mechanisms • Map mechanisms • Brain mechanisms of Navigation (brief introduction) • Summary Shearwater migration across the pacific יסעור Population data from 19 birds 3 pairs of birds Recaptured at their breeding Shaffer et al. PNAS 103:12799-12802 (2006) grounds in New Zealand Some other famous examples • Wandering Albatross: finding a tiny island in the vast ocean • Salmon: returning to the river of birth after years in the ocean • Sea Turtles • Monarch Butterflies • Spiny Lobsters • … And many other examples (some of them we will see later) Mammals can also do it… Medium-scale navigation: Egyptian fruit bats navigating to an individual tree Tsoar, Nathan, Bartan, Vyssotski, Dell’Omo & Ulanovsky (PNAS, 2011) GPS movie: Bat 079 A typical example of a full night flight of an individual bat released @ cave Bat roost Foraging tree 5 Km Characteristics of the bats’ commuting flights: • Long-distance flights (often > 15 km one-way) • Very straight flights (straightness index > 0.9 for almost all bats) • Very fast (typically 30–40 km/hr, and up to 63 km/hr) • Very high (typically 100–200 meters, and up to 643 m) • Bats returned to the same individual tree night after night, for many nights tree cave Tsoar, Nathan, Bartan, With Vyssotski, Dell’Omo & Y. -
Default Mode Network in Childhood Autism Posteromedial Cortex Heterogeneity and Relationship with Social Deficits
ARCHIVAL REPORT Default Mode Network in Childhood Autism: Posteromedial Cortex Heterogeneity and Relationship with Social Deficits Charles J. Lynch, Lucina Q. Uddin, Kaustubh Supekar, Amirah Khouzam, Jennifer Phillips, and Vinod Menon Background: The default mode network (DMN), a brain system anchored in the posteromedial cortex, has been identified as underconnected in adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, to date there have been no attempts to characterize this network and its involvement in mediating social deficits in children with ASD. Furthermore, the functionally heterogeneous profile of the posteromedial cortex raises questions regarding how altered connectivity manifests in specific functional modules within this brain region in children with ASD. Methods: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and an anatomically informed approach were used to investigate the functional connectivity of the DMN in 20 children with ASD and 19 age-, gender-, and IQ-matched typically developing (TD) children. Multivariate regression analyses were used to test whether altered patterns of connectivity are predictive of social impairment severity. Results: Compared with TD children, children with ASD demonstrated hyperconnectivity of the posterior cingulate and retrosplenial cortices with predominately medial and anterolateral temporal cortex. In contrast, the precuneus in ASD children demonstrated hypoconnectivity with visual cortex, basal ganglia, and locally within the posteromedial cortex. Aberrant posterior cingulate cortex hyperconnectivity was linked with severity of social impairments in ASD, whereas precuneus hypoconnectivity was unrelated to social deficits. Consistent with previous work in healthy adults, a functionally heterogeneous profile of connectivity within the posteromedial cortex in both TD and ASD children was observed. Conclusions: This work links hyperconnectivity of DMN-related circuits to the core social deficits in young children with ASD and highlights fundamental aspects of posteromedial cortex heterogeneity. -
Spatial Linear Navigation: Is Vision Necessary? Isabelle Israël, Aurore Capelli, Anne-Emmanuelle Priot, I
Spatial linear navigation: Is vision necessary? Isabelle Israël, Aurore Capelli, Anne-Emmanuelle Priot, I. Giannopulu To cite this version: Isabelle Israël, Aurore Capelli, Anne-Emmanuelle Priot, I. Giannopulu. Spatial linear navigation: Is vision necessary?. Neuroscience Letters, Elsevier, 2013, 554, pp.34-38. 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.08.060. hal-02395669 HAL Id: hal-02395669 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02395669 Submitted on 5 Dec 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Elsevier Editorial System(tm) for Neuroscience Letters Manuscript Draft Manuscript Number: Title: Spatial linear navigation : is vision necessary ? Article Type: Research Paper Keywords: Path integration; self-motion perception; multisensory integration Corresponding Author: Dr. Isabelle Israel, PhD Corresponding Author's Institution: CNRS First Author: Isabelle ISRAEL, PhD Order of Authors: Isabelle ISRAEL, PhD; Aurore CAPELLI, PhD; Anne-Emmanuelle PRIOT, MD, PhD; Irini GIANNOPULU, PhD, D.Sc. Abstract: In order to analyze spatial linear navigation through a task of self-controlled reproduction, healthy participants were passively transported on a mobile robot at constant velocity, and then had to reproduce the imposed distance of 2 to 8 m in two conditions: "with vision" and "without vision". -
Path Integration Deficits During Linear Locomotion After Human Medial Temporal Lobectomy
Path Integration Deficits during Linear Locomotion after Human Medial Temporal Lobectomy John W.Philbeck 1,Marlene Behrmann 2,Lucien Levy 3, Samuel J.Potolicchio 3,andAnthony J.Caputy 3 Abstract & Animalnavigation studies have implicated structures inand both adecrease inthe consistency ofpath integration and a around the hippocampal formation as crucialin performing systematic underregistration oflinear displacement (and/or path integration (amethod ofdetermining one’s position by velocity) during walking.Moreover, the deficits were observable monitoring internally generated self-motion signals). Less is even when there were virtually no angular acceleration known about the role ofthese structures forhuman path vestibular signals. Theresults suggest that structures inthe integration. We tested path integration inpatients whohad medial temporal lobe participate inhuman path integration undergone left orright medial temporal lobectomy as therapy when individuals walkalong linearpaths and that thisis so to forepilepsy. Thisprocedure removed approximately 50% ofthe agreater extent inright hemisphere structures than left. anterior portion ofthe hippocampus, as wellas the amygdala Thisinformation is relevant forfuture research investigating and lateral temporal lobe. Participants attempted to walk the neural substrates ofnavigation, not only inhumans without vision to apreviously viewed target 2–6 mdistant. (e.g.,functional neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies), Patients withright, but not left,hemisphere lesions exhibited but also -
Path Integration in Place Cells of Developing Rats PNAS PLUS
Path integration in place cells of developing rats PNAS PLUS Tale L. Bjerknesa,b, Nenitha C. Dagslotta,b, Edvard I. Mosera,b, and May-Britt Mosera,b,1 aKavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7489 Trondheim, Norway; and bCentre for Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7489 Trondheim, Norway Contributed by May-Britt Moser, January 2, 2018 (sent for review November 1, 2017; reviewed by John L. Kubie and Mayank R. Mehta) Place cells in the hippocampus and grid cells in the medial entorhinal Firing locations of grid cells and place cells are not determined cortex rely on self-motion information and path integration for exclusively by path integration, however. Position information may spatially confined firing. Place cells can be observed in young rats be obtained also from distal landmarks, as suggested by the fact that as soon as they leave their nest at around 2.5 wk of postnatal life. In place fields (17) as well as grid fields (18, 19) follow the location of contrast, the regularly spaced firing of grid cells develops only after the walls of the recording environment when the environment is weaning, during the fourth week. In the present study, we sought to stretched or compressed. This observation points to local bound- determine whether place cells areabletointegrateself-motion aries as a strong determinant of firing location. On the other hand, information before maturation of the grid-cell system. Place cells other work has demonstrated that place cells fire in a predictable were recorded on a 200-cm linear track while preweaning, post- relationship to the animal’s start location on a linear track even weaning, and adult rats ran on successive trials from a start wall to a when the position of the starting point is shifted (20, 21). -
Robust Vestibular Self-Motion Signals in Macaque Posterior Cingulate Region Bingyu Liu1,2, Qingyang Tian1,2, Yong Gu1,2*
RESEARCH ARTICLE Robust vestibular self-motion signals in macaque posterior cingulate region Bingyu Liu1,2, Qingyang Tian1,2, Yong Gu1,2* 1CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; 2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Abstract Self-motion signals, distributed ubiquitously across parietal-temporal lobes, propagate to limbic hippocampal system for vector-based navigation via hubs including posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and retrosplenial cortex (RSC). Although numerous studies have indicated posterior cingulate areas are involved in spatial tasks, it is unclear how their neurons represent self-motion signals. Providing translation and rotation stimuli to macaques on a 6-degree-of-freedom motion platform, we discovered robust vestibular responses in PCC. A combined three-dimensional spatiotemporal model captured data well and revealed multiple temporal components including velocity, acceleration, jerk, and position. Compared to PCC, RSC contained moderate vestibular temporal modulations and lacked significant spatial tuning. Visual self-motion signals were much weaker in both regions compared to the vestibular signals. We conclude that macaque posterior cingulate region carries vestibular-dominant self-motion signals with plentiful temporal components that could be useful for path integration. Introduction Navigation is a fundamental and indispensable ability for creatures