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Portable Software-Installation Mit Pkgsrc

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Portable Software-Installation Mit Pkgsrc Universität Bielefeld Rainer Orth Portable Software-Installation mit pkgsrc Dipl.-Chem. Rainer Orth Technische Fakultät Universität Bielefeld [email protected] AG Rechnerbetrieb SS 2006 pkgsrc 1 von 12 Universität Bielefeld Rainer Orth Übersicht • Problemstellung • Benutzersicht • Parallelinstallationen: Package Views • Entwicklersicht • Probleme • Alternativen AG Rechnerbetrieb SS 2006 pkgsrc 2 von 12 Universität Bielefeld Rainer Orth Software-Installation: Der Status Quo • manuelles Bauen aus den Quellen für verschiedene Plattformen – zeitaufwendig – mühselig – verschiedene Versionsstände, keine problemlosen Updates wegen Abhängigkeiten – zunehmende Zahl von Abhängigkeiten – zahlreiche Packages kommen mit Volume-Struktur nicht gut zurecht – kein Tracking installierter Software AG Rechnerbetrieb SS 2006 pkgsrc 3 von 12 Universität Bielefeld Rainer Orth Problemstellung • Ziel: einheitliche plattformübergreifende Software-Installation • mindestens für Linux, Mac OS X, Solaris; gut, wenn auch IRIX und Tru64 UNIX • Option: native Package-Systeme (Blastwave, Sun Freeware, Fink, . ) – Einzelmaschinen-orientiert – plattformabhängig – keine einfache lokale Konfiguration – Binary Packages stellen verschiedene Software-Versionen in verschiedenen Konfigurationen bereit – schwierige Parallel-Installation verschiedener Versionen AG Rechnerbetrieb SS 2006 pkgsrc 4 von 12 Universität Bielefeld Rainer Orth pkgsrc • Framework zum Bauen und Installieren von Software-Paketen • entstanden aus FreeBSD ports, ursprünglich nur für NetBSD (August 1997) • inzwischen: Unterstützung von 12 Plattformen: AIX, *BSD, IRIX, Linux, Mac OS X, Solaris, Tru64 UNIX, Windows (via Interix) • basiert auf BSD Make (bmake) • unterstützt Bauen aus den Quellen und Binärpackages • 6110 Software-Pakete in ca. 50 Kategorien inkl. Meta-Packages (zwei CVS-Branches: stable und current) • weitere 2400 Packete via pkgsrc-wip: Work in Progress AG Rechnerbetrieb SS 2006 pkgsrc 5 von 12 Universität Bielefeld Rainer Orth Features • Installation in einheitlichen Directory-Baum (/usr/pkg per Default) • Berücksichtigung von Dependencies • portabel, plattform-übergreifend einheitlich • Unterstützung verschiedener Compiler: nativer cc, gcc, distcc, ccache • Konfigurationsmöglichkeiten über mk.conf: – Directories – Optionen (global und pro Package) AG Rechnerbetrieb SS 2006 pkgsrc 6 von 12 Universität Bielefeld Rainer Orth Benutzersicht • Installation von Binärpackages mit pkg_add • Installation aus den Quellen: – zunächst: pkgsrc-Bootstrap – NetBSD-Compat-Library, bmake, ggfs. Ersatz für einige native Tools (sed, ftp, . ) • dann: cd <pkgsrc>/<category>/<package>; bmake install • Schritte beim Bauen: fetch, checksum, extract, patch, tools, wrapper, configure, build, test, install, package • Möglichkeit lokaler Patches • Security-Checks mit audit_packages AG Rechnerbetrieb SS 2006 pkgsrc 7 von 12 Universität Bielefeld Rainer Orth Parallelinstallationen mit Package Views • Problem: verschiedene Versionen der gleichen Software parallel bereitstellen (z.B. für Tests oder bei Inkompatibilitäten) • mit Package Views: Installation in ein Directory pro Version (Default: /usr/pkg/packages/<pkg>) • verschiedene Views (i.e. Symlinks-Trees) möglich, z.B. Default, Test, . AG Rechnerbetrieb SS 2006 pkgsrc 8 von 12 Universität Bielefeld Rainer Orth Entwicklersicht • benötigt werden: Makefile, DESCR, PLIST (wird bei Package Views dynamisch erzeugt), distinfo, ggfs. Patches • Tools zur Unterstützung: url2pkg, pkglint AG Rechnerbetrieb SS 2006 pkgsrc 9 von 12 Universität Bielefeld Rainer Orth Probleme • manche Packages recht alt • systemnahe Packages fehlen u.U. ganz (z.B. ntp, amd, . ) • Packages lassen sich nicht bauen (aber meist Upstream-Problem) AG Rechnerbetrieb SS 2006 pkgsrc 10 von 12 Universität Bielefeld Rainer Orth Alternativen • OpenPKG: Projekt von Ralf S. Engelschall, Cable & Wireless – RPM-basiert – eingeschränkter Satz von Packages (vor allem Server-Software) – primär für FreeBSD, Linux, Solaris • The Written Word – kommerziell, kostenpflichtig – basiert auf Wrappern um native Package-Tools – eingeschränkte Sammlung von Packages AG Rechnerbetrieb SS 2006 pkgsrc 11 von 12 Universität Bielefeld Rainer Orth Weitere Informationen • pkgsrc: The NetBSD Packages Collection: http://www.pkgsrc.org/ • Web-Frontend zu pkgsrc: http://pkgsrc.se/ • pkgsrc-Work In Progress: http://pkgsrc-wip.sourceforge.net/ • OpenPKG: http://www.openpkg.org/ • The Written Word: http://www.thewrittenword.com/ AG Rechnerbetrieb SS 2006 pkgsrc 12 von 12.
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