DOCSLIB.ORG

The Separation of Powers Under Nixon: Reflections on Constitutional Liberties and the Rule of Law*

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Separation of Powers Under Nixon: Reflections on Constitutional Liberties and the Rule of Law* VOLUME 1981 FEBRUARY NUMBER 1 THE SEPARATION OF POWERS UNDER NIXON: REFLECTIONS ON CONSTITUTIONAL LIBERTIES AND THE RULE OF LAW* PETER E. QUINT** I. INTRODUCTION ................................................ 2 II. EXECUTIVE ACTION UNDER PRESIDENT NIXON .................. 5 A. The War in Indochina ..................................... 5 B. The Pentagon Papers....................................... 9 C. PresidentialImpoundment .................................. 14 D. Warrantless Executive Surveillance ......................... 18 1. 'Wational Security" Wiretapping: The Keith Case ....... 18 2. PoliticalSurveillance by the Army ....................... 25 E. Executive Privilege ......................................... 29 III. Two TYPES OF EXECUTIVE ACTION ............................. 35 A. Dangers of Executive Lawmaking in the Form of General Rules or Policies........................................... 35 B. Dangers of Executive Action Against Specfc Individuals Without a GeneralRule .................................... 39 IV. SEPARATION OF POWERS AND THE PROTECTION OF CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS ...................................... 41 A. The Threat to ConstitutionalRights Posed by Executive Action Without Statutory Authorization ............................ 43 1. Threats to FirstAmendment Rights in Executive Action Without a GeneralRule ................................ 43 2. Threats to ConstitutionalRights in GeneralPosed by Executive Action Without a Statute ..................... 47 B. Legislative Rulemaking and the Protection of Constitutional Rights ..................................................... 52 V. THE REQUIREMENT OF EXPLICIT CONGRESSIONAL AUTHORIZATION ............................................... 63 VI. CONCLUSION ................................................... 70 * This article, in a somewhat different form, was originally delivered as a lecture at St. John's College, Annapolis, Maryland. ** Professor of Law, University of Maryland School of Law. A.B. 1961, LL.B. 1964, Harvard University; Dipl. in Law 1965, Oxford University. 2 DUKE LAWJOURN4L [Vol. 1981:1 I. INTRODUCTION Even now it seems too early to assess, with any assurance, the scope of the dangers posed by the Nixon administration. The flow of memoirs of the period continues, ' and an almost imponderable store of tape recordings and other "Presidential historical material" remains in- accessible to researchers. 2 Yet whatever judgments may ultimately be passed on the period as a whole, it is clear that the actions of the Nixon administration revealed extraordinary attempts to concentrate power in the executive branch at the expense of other organs of government. After the Watergate episode and the resignation of the President, the events of the Nixon period provoked a strong reaction against exec- utive power. This reaction now seems, however, to be giving way to a renewed tendency toward vigorous assertion of executive claims.3 In this current period of apparent counter-reaction, it is important to re- examine the assertions of executive power under President Nixon, both to analyze the forms that those executive assertions assumed and to inquire whether this analysis of recent history gives any further gui- 4 dance for the development of constitutional doctrine. Assertions of executive power under President Nixon did not rep- resent a sharp break from the immediate past. Fueled by years of for- eign emergencies and by the increasing centralization of the domestic economy, presidential power and pretensions increased sharply during the period following World War II. Under President Nixon this de- velopment reached its apogee, both in the realities of presidential power and also in the insouciance with which extensive claims of presi- 1. Memoirs already published include: J. DEAN, BLIND AMBITION: THE WHITE HOUSE YEARS (1976); H. HALDEMAN, THE ENDS OF POWER (1978); H. KISSINGER, THE WHITE HOUSE YEARS (1979); R. NIXON, THE MEMOIRS OF RICHARD NIXON (1978); J. SIRICA, To SET THE REc- ORD STRAIGHT: THE BREAK-IN, THE TAPES, THE CONSPIRATORS, THE PARDON (1979). 2. See Presidential Recordings and Materials Preservation Act of 1974, 44 U.S.C. § 2107 (1976); Note, Government Control of Richard Nixon's PresidentialMaterial, 87 YALE L.J. 1601 (1978). 3. Although renewed executive claims have appeared in many areas, those relating to the control of the Central Intelligence Agency have perhaps achieved the greatest prominence. See, eg., Szulc, Putting Back the Bite in the C.I4., N.Y. Times, Apr. 6, 1980, § 6 (Magazine), at 28, 33 ("Both Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan, almost in identical phrases, have publicly demanded that the agency be liberated from legislative constraints"); id at 62 (The Director of Central Intel- ligence argues that covert operations are within the province of the executive branch and "it is not proper to share that responsibility with the Congress"). 4. Cf. Berger, The Presidentandthe Constitution, 28 OKLA. L. REV. 97 (1975); Swindler, The Constitution 4fter Watergate, 28 OKLA. L. REv. 467 (1975) (evaluating the effects of the legislative and judicial events of 1973-1974 on the American constitutional system). 5. See Cox, Watergate and the Constitution of the United States, 26 U. TORONTO L.J. 125, 125-27 (1976). Vol. 1981:1] SEPARA4TION OFPO WERS dential authority were asserted.6 To the extent that the shift in power to the President and his per- sonal staff occurred at the expense of established cabinet offices, there was little effective resistance.7 Furthermore, Congress was reluctant to oppose many of the most important assertions of executive authority, until the Watergate episode brought legislators face to face with the problem of presidential power, framed not as an issue of political prin- ciple but as a simple question of criminal right and wrong. During the Watergate period, Congress enacted legislation to curb presidential claims of war-making authority and to limit the President's power to impound funds appropriated by Congress.8 Aside from such efforts, however, Congress as a body remained relatively passive on the issue of presidential power until the impeachment inquiry itself.9 But in po- litical life, as elsewhere, when important interests are affected, there 6. See H. COMMAGER, THE DEFEAT OF AMERICA 137 (1974); A. SCHLESINGER, THE IMPE- RIAL PRESIDENCY 187 (1973). 7. P. KURLAND, WATERGATE AND THE CONSTITUTION 198 (1978). For example, President Nixon sought to reorganize the federal government by placing major executive departments (in- cluding cabinet offices) under the control of presidential assistants. See J. SCHELL, THE TIME OF ILLUSION 296-98 (1976). At the beginning of his second term Nixon attempted to accomplish a fundamental reorganization of this type by executive order rather than by statute. See P. KUR- LAND, supra, at 198. A shift of power to presidential assistants at the expense of cabinet officers, though in form a shift of power within the executive branch, may in fact significantly reduce the legislature's ability to supervise executive action. See J. SCHELL, supra, at 107-08. Unlike cabinet officers, presiden- tial assistants are not confirmed by the Senate-a process that can result in the rejection of a nominated officer or, perhaps even more important, in the securing of concessions relating to an official's conduct in office. The confirmation of Elliot Richardson as Attorney General, for exam- ple, was expressly made contingent on his promise to appoint a special prosecutor to investigate the Watergate affair. P. KURLAND, supra, at 76. Furthermore, in contrast to the practice of cabi- net officers, presidential assistants have ordinarily refused to testify before congressional commit- tees even when the assistants have functions as important makers of policy. See, e.g., War Powers Legislation: Hearings on . 731, .J Res. 18, and S.J Res. 59 Before the Senate Comm. on Foreign Relations, 92d Cong., 1st Sess. 430-34 (1972) [hereinafter cited as War Powers Hearings] (noting the refusal of National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger to testify before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee). 8. See, ag., War Powers Resolution, Pub. L. No. 93-148, 87 Stat. 555 (1973) (codified at 50 U.S.C. §§ 1541-1548 (1976)); Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974, Pub. L. No. 93-344, 88 Stat. 297 (codified at 31 U.S.C. §§ 1301-1407 (1976)). See also note 19 infra. 9. Certain committees of Congress did seek to investigate issues raised by executive claims. The Senate Foreign Relations Committee, for example, probed executive actions relating to the Vietnam War. See, e.g., War PowersHearings, supra note 7, at 483-538. Also notable were com- mittee hearings concerning the doctrine of executive privilege, military surveillance of political dissidents, and related separation-of-powers problems. See, e.g., Executive Privilege: The With- holding of Information by the Executive: Hearings on S. 1125 Before the Subcomnm on Separation ofPowers of the Senate Comm of the Judiciary, 92d Cong., 1st Sess. (1971) [hereinafter cited as Executive Privilege Hearings];S. REP. No. 1227, 93d Cong., 2d Sess. 21-25 (1974) (detailing 1973- 1974 investigations by the Senate Subcommittee on Constitutional Rights concerning military sur- veillance of political dissidents). DUKE LAW JOURNM4L [Vol. 1981:1 seems to be a law of conservation of conflict. When Congress failed to take up the gauntlet, the focus of resistance moved to the federal courts and occasionally to the Supreme Court. In such cases the Government was not permitted
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Doing Right by Charles Alan Wright Carl W
    University of Richmond UR Scholarship Repository Law Faculty Publications School of Law 2004 Doing Right By Charles Alan Wright Carl W. Tobias University of Richmond, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.richmond.edu/law-faculty-publications Part of the Courts Commons, and the Jurisdiction Commons Recommended Citation Carl Tobias, Doing Right By Charles Alan Wright, 37 U.C. Davis L. Rev. 1351 (2004) This Book Review is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Law at UR Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Law Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of UR Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Doing Right by Charles Alan Wright' Reviewed by Carl Tobias .. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 1352 I. HISTORY OF LAW OF FEDERAL COURTS ............................................ 1353 II. CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE SIXTH EDITION .......................................... 1354 III. SUGGESTIONS FOR THE FUTURE ........................................................ 1356 CONCLUSION································································································· 1358 . LAW OF FEDERAL COURTS xix, 929 (6th ed. St. Paul, Minn.). By Charles Alan Wright (The late Charles Alan Wright Chair in Federal Courts, University of Texas School of Law) and Mary Kay Kane (Chancellor, Dean and Distinguished Professor
    [Show full text]
  • A Modern Hamlet in the Judicial Pantheon
    Michigan Law Review Volume 93 Issue 6 1995 A Modern Hamlet in the Judicial Pantheon Charles Alan Wright University of Texas Law School Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mlr Part of the Judges Commons, and the Legal Biography Commons Recommended Citation Charles A. Wright, A Modern Hamlet in the Judicial Pantheon, 93 MICH. L. REV. 1841 (1995). Available at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mlr/vol93/iss6/36 This Review is brought to you for free and open access by the Michigan Law Review at University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Michigan Law Review by an authorized editor of University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A MODERN HAMLET IN THE JUDICIAL PANTHEON Charles Alan Wright* LEARNED HAND: THE MAN AND THE JUDGE. By Gerald Gunther. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 1994. Pp. xxi, 818. $35. My son and his family gave me this massive book for my birth­ day. It was a splendid choice. The book is one that ought to inter­ est anyone who cares about law. It is a highly readable biography of an extraordinary judge.1 The book was of particular interest to me both because of the special concern I have for the federal courts and because I had the privilege of seeing Judge Hand in action. In the 1949-1950 term I clerked for Judge Charles E. Clark of the Second Circuit, during the time when Learned Hand was chief judge.
    [Show full text]
  • Fred Rodell's Case Against the Law
    Florida State University Law Review Volume 24 Issue 1 Article 3 1996 Fred Rodell's Case Against the Law Ken Vinson [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.law.fsu.edu/lr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Ken Vinson, Fred Rodell's Case Against the Law, 24 Fla. St. U. L. Rev. 107 (1996) . https://ir.law.fsu.edu/lr/vol24/iss1/3 This Essay is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Florida State University Law Review by an authorized editor of Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW FRED RODELL'S CASE AGAINST THE LAW Ken Vinson VOLUME 24 FALL 1996 NUMBER 1 Recommended citation: Ken Vinson, Essay, Fred Rodell's Case Against the Law, 24 FLA. ST. U. L. REV. 107 (1996). FRED RODELL’S CASE AGAINST THE LAW KEN VINSON* The society of lawyers is doing quite well, thank you, what with a great many of this country’s 900,000 lawyers paying their country club dues out of petty cash. Yet, for these proud toilers in the billable-hours trade—one attorney at law for every 300 Americans—and for the 50,000 new attorneys entering the legal profession annually, there’s a lining not so silvery. Anti-lawyer elements, agitated by the mumbo jumbo that lawyers use to lord it over the common herd, are raising lawyer-bashing to record heights. Bombarded by these negative reviews, a nervous lawyer is surely tempted of late to do a Richard Nixon and announce: “I am not a shyster.” Lawyer-bashing has so numbed the legal-eagle clan that re- form groups such as HALT (originally known as Help Abolish Le- gal Tyranny) are even winning a few battles to force lawyers to use plain English in writing deeds and contracts.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Pennsylvania Law School\Udrive\School
    CATHERINE T. STRUVE University of Pennsylvania Law School 3501 Sansom Street Philadelphia, PA 19104 (215) 898-7068 email: [email protected] WORK EXPERIENCE: 2000-present University of Pennsylvania Law School, Philadelphia, PA. David E. Kaufman & Leopold C. Glass Professor of Law (2019- ); Professor (2005- 2019); Assistant Professor (2000-2005). 1996-2000 Cravath, Swaine & Moore, New York, NY. Associate, litigation department. 1995-1996 Judge Amalya L. Kearse, United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. Law clerk. EDUCATION: 1992-1995 Harvard Law School J.D., magna cum laude, awarded 1995. Notes Office Co-Chair and Supervising Editor, Harvard Law Review. 1988-1992 Harvard College B.A. in Comparative Religion, summa cum laude, awarded 1992. Phi Beta Kappa. John Harvard Scholar. Elizabeth Cary Agassiz Scholar. PUBLICATIONS: 2021 Supplements to 16A & 16AA FEDERAL PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE (5th ed.) (with the late Charles Alan Wright, Arthur R. Miller, & Edward H. Cooper). 16AA FEDERAL PRACTICE & PROCEDURE (5th ed. 2020) (with the late Charles Alan Wright, Arthur R. Miller, & Edward H. Cooper). 16A FEDERAL PRACTICE & PROCEDURE (5th ed. 2019) (with the late Charles Alan Wright, Arthur R. Miller, & Edward H. Cooper). Procedure in Context, 70 HASTINGS L.J. 1121 (2019) (tribute to Geoffrey C. Hazard, Jr.). Last updated May 2021 The Federal Rules of Inmate Appeals, 50 ARIZ. ST. L.J. 247 (2018). Phantom Rules, 117 COLUM. L. REV. ONLINE 70 (2017). FIELD, KAPLAN, CLERMONT, AND STRUVE'S CIVIL PROCEDURE, MATERIALS FOR A BASIC COURSE (11th ed. 2014) (with Professor Kevin Clermont, the late Professor Richard Field, and the late Justice Benjamin Kaplan). TEACHER'S MANUAL TO FIELD, KAPLAN, CLERMONT, AND STRUVE'S CIVIL PROCEDURE, MATERIALS FOR A BASIC COURSE (11th ed.
    [Show full text]
  • Congressional Record—Senate S9944
    S9944 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE September 3, 1998 Although my amendment failed on a International Development’s efforts to Wright is one of the most distinguished vote of 74 to 19, I am heartened by two ensure that the countries of the former constitutional authorities in the coun- things. First, we won more votes for ef- Soviet Union develop effective legal try, a champion for racial justice, and fective IMF reform yesterday than we systems capable of addressing the the model of what a great lawyer did when the question was first put to many challenges facing these states as should be. For more than forty years the Senate back in March. And second, they continue to build stable demo- he has shaped and influenced genera- the issue is far from settled in the cratic societies. One area of particular tions of Texas lawyers while teaching House, which has been more skeptical concern is the troubling amount of do- at the UT Law School, including my- of providing the IMF with any addi- mestic violence in Russia. This bill self. Professor Wright also does not shy tional resources. In other words, this makes clear that the active support of from a challenge. He has argued twelve issue is far from settled, and my hope women’s crisis centers in Russia should times before the Supreme Court, win- is that the final version of the foreign be a priority. ning most of his cases, some of them operations bill will either include the Additionally, the bill makes clear landmark decisions. As an author, Pro- more effective reforms I have proposed, that no funds should be provided to fessor Wright has written one of the or will scale back IMF funding alto- Russia if the government of Russia im- most definitive texts in the arena of gether.
    [Show full text]
  • Charles Adshead Wright Collection
    Collection 3013 Charles Adshead Wright Collection 1810-1982 108 scrapbooks in 33 boxes, 14 linear feet Contact: The Historical Society of Pennsylvania 1300 Locust Street Philadelphia, PA 19107 Phone: (215)732-6200 FAX: (215)732-2680 http://www.hsp.org Processed by: Patrick Henry Shea Processing Completed: March 2002 Restrictions: None ________________________________________________________________________ © 2002 The Historical Society of Pennsylvania. All Rights Reserved. Charles Adshead Wright Collection Collection 3013 Charles Adshead Wright Collection 1810-1982 108 scrapbooks in 33 boxes, 14 linear feet Collection 3013 Abstract The Charles Adshead Wright Collection recounts the story of an American family coming of age in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The story is told through the recollections and writings of Charles Adshead Wright, who began compiling his memoirs in 1923, at the age of twenty-four. He titled his project, “The Story of a Life,” and noted, “It will be my purpose to record daily the experiences which I have had, and my own personal reaction to those experiences.” His project went through several revisions and periods of dormancy in the subsequent years, but continued with the support of his family, who inspired him to write additional chapters that gave a chronological account of all of the activities of the Wright family. He illustrated the text with family photographs, clippings, holiday cards, and other ephemera, so that by 1987 the “Wright Family History” occupied 108 binders and spanned nearly 172 years in the life of an American family. Background Note Charles Adshead Wright spent a lifetime expressing his thoughts and ideas through words, for both personal and professional reasons alike.
    [Show full text]
  • Watergate Committee Would Jail Subpoena
    Watergate Committee Would Jail Subpoena galley-west.Longanimous Snuffier Niven neveror corrected, fondled Hamlen so accessorily never stumbles or fizzling any any signposts! algologist typically. Andres Christianizes Stone which held a contempt and jailed for one day care he was released pending direct appeal. The silly way to address the politicization of law enforcement is by eliminating it, which means your people prevent the Trump administration, or flour with connections to the administration, do they receive special treatment. Play by inspecting his campaign, the transfer counsel was echoed by civic state. Please or your bias for reporting. You learn money come the Vatican? New York: Harper Collins. It be based company, written extensively by the first stage as opposed this committee would subpoena for the investigation where he had destroyed his thoughts here to investigate the constitution gives a fucking arrest. NPR News station, made of feed just offend you. As the foregoing description shows, the handwriting had buried itselfdeep in layers of secrecy haven protections. Making a difference at WBUR through leadership giving. Biden sought the removal of Ukrainian prosecutor Shokin to protect Hunter Biden. President and watergate grand jury investigation may not run out. Dean He he get involved gun. Independent Counsel and those write the Committees. White House advisers, the deliberative process privilege applies to executive branch officials generally. Ukraine Impeachment Inquiry Report issued by village House Intelligence Committee, in light exercise these elements. Enterprise systematically undercut our curiosity about a committee would subpoena power could be used Snap Judgment mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio.
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings of the United States Senate in the Impeachment Trial Of
    1 116TH CONGRESS " ! S. DOC. 2d Session SENATE 116–12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES SENATE IN THE IMPEACHMENT TRIAL OF PRESIDENT DONALD JOHN TRUMP PART III PART III OF IV VerDate Sep 11 2014 17:12 Jan 20, 2020 Jkt 039382 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 6012 Sfmt 6012 E:\HR\OC\SD012P3.XXX SD012P3 tkelley on DSKBCP9HB2PROD with SENATE DOC E:\Seals\Congress.#13 1 116TH CONGRESS " ! S. DOC. 2d Session SENATE 116–12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES SENATE IN THE IMPEACHMENT TRIAL OF PRESIDENT DONALD JOHN TRUMP PART III PART III OF IV U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 39–382 WASHINGTON : 2020 VerDate Sep 11 2014 17:12 Jan 20, 2020 Jkt 039382 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 4012 Sfmt 4012 E:\HR\OC\SD012P3.XXX SD012P3 tkelley on DSKBCP9HB2PROD with SENATE DOC E:\Seals\Congress.#13 VerDate Sep 11 2014 17:12 Jan 20, 2020 Jkt 039382 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 4012 Sfmt 4012 E:\HR\OC\SD012P3.XXX SD012P3 tkelley on DSKBCP9HB2PROD with SENATE DOC C O N T E N T S Page PART III 1. Replication of the United States House of Representatives to the Answer of President Donald J. Trump to the Articles of Impeachment ............................................................................................... 129 2. Trial Memorandum of President Donald J. Trump .................................. 139 (III) VerDate Sep 11 2014 21:28 Jan 20, 2020 Jkt 039382 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 0486 E:\HR\OC\SD012P3.XXX SD012P3 tkelley on DSKBCP9HB2PROD with SENATE DOC VerDate Sep 11 2014 17:12 Jan 20, 2020 Jkt 039382 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 0486 E:\HR\OC\SD012P3.XXX SD012P3 tkelley on DSKBCP9HB2PROD with SENATE DOC IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Sitting as a Court of Impeachment In re IMPEACHMENT OF PRESIDENT DONALD J.
    [Show full text]
  • JOHN BILYEU OAKLEY Distinguished Professor of Law, Emeritus University of California School of Law 400 Mrak Hall Drive Davis, California 95616-5201 Tel
    JOHN BILYEU OAKLEY Distinguished Professor of Law, Emeritus University of California School of Law 400 Mrak Hall Drive Davis, California 95616-5201 Tel. 530-752-2895 E-mail [email protected] Fax 530-752-4704 CURRICULUM VITAE PERSONAL Born: June 18, 1947, in San Francisco, California. Married: May 25, 1969, to Fredericka Barvitz. Children: Adélie Wright Oakley, born May 10, 1974. Antonia Bilyeu Oakley, born August 23, 1982. Home Address: 39598 Lupine Court, Davis, California 95616-9756. Home Telephone: (530) 758-3466. Mobile Telephone: (530) 867-0253. EDUCATION Law: J.D., Yale University, 1972. Board of Editors, Yale Law Journal. Assistant in Instruction, Yale Law School Faculty. Undergraduate: A.B., University of California, Berkeley, 1969. Honors with Distinction in History and General Scholarship. Phi Beta Kappa. National Merit Scholar. Other Study: Visiting Student in the Arts, University of Sussex, England, 1966-67. PROFESSIONAL EMPLOYMENT July 2009 to present: Distinguished Professor of Law, Emeritus, University of California, Davis (recalled for 2009-2014). July 2005 to July 2009: Distinguished Professor of Law, University of California, Davis (Professor of Law 1979-2005; Acting Professor of Law 1975- 1 1979). Feb. 1996 to present: Associate, Department of Philosophy, University of California, Davis. Dec. 1995 to Feb. 2004: Reporter, Federal Judicial Code Revision Project, American Law Institute. Jan. 2002 to July 2002: Consultant, Committee on Federal-State Jurisdiction, United States Judicial Conference. Jan. 2001 to May 2001: Visiting Professor of Law, University of California, Berkeley (part-time). March 2001: Distinguished Visiting Professor of Law, University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Jan. 1998 to July 1998: Consultant, Commission on Structural Alternatives for the Federal Courts of Appeals.
    [Show full text]
  • VESPER CORPORATION, : Plaintiffs, : : V
    IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA KEYSTONE COKE COMPANY AND : VESPER CORPORATION, : Plaintiffs, : : v. : : H. DONALD PASQUALE, HAPLOID : CORP., OUT PARCELS, INC., : SWEDELAND ROAD CORPORATION, : CRATER RESOURCES, INC., : EACH PARCEL ASIS, INC., : RAGM SETTLEMENT CORPORATION, : R-T OPTION CORP., UNKNOWN : PASQUALE ENTITIES 1-100, : Defendants. : : ========================= : : H. DONALD PASQUALE, OUT : PARCELS, INC., SWEDELAND ROAD : CORPORATION, EACH PARCEL ASIS, : INC., RAGM SETTLEMENT CORPORA- : TION, R-T OPTION CORP., : Third-Party Plaintiffs, : : CIVIL ACTION v. : : NO. 97-6074 BEAZER EAST, INC., : f/k/a KOPPERS COMPANY, INC., : DRUMMOND COMPANY INC. (SUCCESS- : OR TO ALABAMA BY-PRODUCTS : CORPORATION), PHILADELPHIA : NEWSPAPER REALTY, INC., PHILA- : DELPHIA NEWSPAPERS, INC., : Third-Party Defendants. : : ========================= : : HAPLOID CORP. AND CRATER : RESOURCES, INC., : Third-Party Plaintiffs, : : v. : : GULPH MILLS GOLF CLUB : Third-Party Defendant. : MEMORANDUM ORDER This action arises from environmental contamination at two sites in Upper Merion Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. Presently before the court is the Motion of Crater Resources, Inc. and Haploid Corp to Dismiss Counterclaims. Plaintiffs filed a complaint against Crater Resources, and Haploid Corp. (the "Crater defendants") and several other defendants (the "Renaissance defendants"). The Renaissance defendants filed a third-party complaint against several parties including Beazer East, Inc. ("Beazer East") pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 14. The Crater defendants did not join in this third- party complaint. Beazer East filed a counterclaim against the Renaissance defendants and against the Crater defendants. The Crater defendants argue that this counterclaim is improper because Beazer East and the Crater defendants are not opposing parties as required by Rule 13. Beazer East responds that its mislabelled claim should be treated as a cross-claim.
    [Show full text]
  • 287 Improving Rule 1: a Master Rule for the Federal Rules
    IMPROVING RULE 1: A MASTER RULE FOR THE FEDERAL RULES † ROBERT G. BONE INTRODUCTION Over the past three decades, many courts and commentators have expressed concern about federal civil litigation. One hears frequent com- plaints about the high costs of discovery, strategic abuse of the litigation process, huge case backlogs, litigation delays, and frivolous suits. The Institute for the Advancement of the American Legal System and the American College of Trial Lawyers recently conducted a survey that revealed broad agreement in the practicing bar that key features of the current system are not working well.1 Many lawyers and commentators believe that the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure should be reformed, but there is little agreement as to what exactly should be done.2 This issue of the Denver University Law Review addresses the ques- tion of what to do. Other contributions analyze a number of Federal Rules at the core of current reform efforts, including Rule 8(a) (the pleading rule),3 Rule 23 (the class action rule),4 and Rule 26 (the basic discovery rule).5 My Essay takes a different approach. It focuses on Rule 1, and in particular on a single sentence in Rule 1: “[The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure] should be construed and administered to secure the just, speedy, and inexpensive determination of every action and proceed- ing.”6 This sentence, which “sets forth the basic philosophical principle for the construction of the rules,” is critical to the operation of the Fed- † G. Rollie White Professor of Law, The University of Texas School of Law.
    [Show full text]
  • Charles Alan Wright Geoffrey C
    University of California, Hastings College of the Law UC Hastings Scholarship Repository Faculty Scholarship 2000 In Memoriam: Charles Alan Wright Geoffrey C. Hazard Jr. UC Hastings College of the Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://repository.uchastings.edu/faculty_scholarship Recommended Citation Geoffrey C. Hazard Jr., In Memoriam: Charles Alan Wright, 79 Tex. L. Rev. 5 (2000). Available at: http://repository.uchastings.edu/faculty_scholarship/967 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Faculty Publications UC Hastings College of the Law Library Hazard, Jr. Geoffrey Author: Geoffrey C. Hazard, Jr. Source: Texas Law Review Citation: 79 Tex. L. Rev. 5 (2000). Title: In Memoriam: Charles Alan Wright Originally published in the TEXAS LAW REVIEW. The English version is reprinted with permission from the TEXAS LAW REVIEW and the University of Texas, Austin, School of Law. Charles Alan Wright Geoffrey C. Hazard, Jr.* Charles died in July of this year, prematurely at the age of 72. We miss him sorely. He was at the time President of the American Law Institute, the Charles Alan Wright Professor of Law at The University of Texas, the principal co-author of the leading treatise on Federal Practice and Procedure, and a practitioner preeminent as an appellate advocate. He was also a dear friend and colleague of the members of the Institute, especially the members of the Council.
    [Show full text]