Baneke-NL Astr 1921-56.Pptx

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Dutch Astronomy between 1921 and 1956 David Baneke, VU Amsterdam Symposium honoring Adriaan Blaauw Groningen, 7 April 2014 Leiden Observatory staff (incl. computers and graduate students), 1933 Oosterhoff Kuiper Wesselink Oort Hertzsprung De Sier Woltjer Leiden Observatory, 1920s: - New staff: Pannekoek, Hertzsprung, Woltjer, Oort Willem de SiPer Adriaan Blaauw to DB: Ejnar Hertzsprung “At that Yme, the reputaon of Leiden Observatory was the reputaon of Hertzsprung” Frank Schlesinger to De Sier, 1927: “I have long felt, and I think I have expressed to you, a warm admiraon for the way in which you have made it possible for Hertzsprung to work effecYvely.” Leiden Observatory, 1920s: - New staff: Pannekoek, Hertzsprung, Woltjer, Oort - New graduate program Harlow Shapley to De Sier, 1928: Willem de SiPer “I remember your frequent statement that one principal funcon of your Observatory is to train and export highly capable young astronomers.” Meanwhile … Marcel Minnaert, Amsterdam Utrecht 2 main research tradiYons in Dutch astronomy: Groningen, Leiden: Kapteyn, Hertzsprung, Oort & students, successors Stellar & galacYc astronomy Amsterdam and Utrecht: Pannekoek, Minnaert & students, successors Astrophysics, solar physics Complete astronomy faculty in NL, 1920-1940: Groningen: Minnaert Kapteyn (unYl 1921) Amsterdam: Pannekoek Van Rhijn (from 1921) * Leiden: De Sier (unl 1934) * Hertzsprung * Woltjer Oort (from 1924) * Utrecht: Nijland (unl 1936) Van der Bilt * * * GM RAS P.J. van Rhijn and P. Oosterhoff 1939 Four former Groningen assistants: Bart Bok, Jan Oort, Peter van de Kamp, Jan Schilt 1939 1945: Jan Oort emerges as uncontested leader of Dutch astronomy Post-War plans: - Kenya expedition - ESO - Radio astronomy NAC colloquium on radio astronomy and the 21-cm line, 15 April 1944 Minutes by Adriaan Blaauw, secretary of the NAC Planning ahead: WSRT Jan Oort to Blaauw, 1956: Plenty of opportuniYes; plans for a new giant radio telescope, but NFRA board does not know about it yet. Nancy Roman to Blaauw, 1957: “It sounds like an intriguing mixture of headaches and opportuniYes.” Van Rhijn Minnaert Blaauw Oort De Jager Van de Hulst Nederlandse Astronomen Conferentie, 1941 .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

DOUBLE STARS INFORMATION CIRCULAR No. 202 (OCTOBER 2020)
INTERNATIONAL ASTRONOMICAL UNION COMMISSION G1 (BINARY AND MULTIPLE STAR SYSTEMS) DOUBLE STARS INFORMATION CIRCULAR No. 202 (OCTOBER 2020) NEW ORBITS ADS Name P T e Ω(2000) 2020 Author(s) α2000δ n a i ! Last ob. 2021 1762 A 207 1204y6 1937.27 0.816 31◦3 358◦9 000629 SCARDIA 02182+3920 0◦2989 000950 31◦1 193◦9 2020.771 359.2 0.635 et al. (*) 1477 WRH 39 Aa,Ab 29.59 1987.66 0.608 189.5 327.3 0.081 DOCOBO 02318+8916 12.1663 0.120 146.2 123.0 2014.4856 312.1 0.093 & CAMPO - COU 1688 AB 8.638 2003.841 0.198 49.2 247.6 0.121 DOCOBO 03321+4340 41.6763 0.139 35.5 268.2 2012.7023 308.0 0.092 & LING 3303 HU 1082 53.17 2023.24 0.746 108.9 221.1 0.151 DOCOBO 04349+3908 6.7707 0.362 48.9 216.3 2007.8019 240.7 0.132 & LING 3730 BU 1047 BC 34.38 2001.21 0.944 30.9 78.1 0.357 DOCOBO 05098+2802 10.4712 0.282 122.4 114.9 2007.8184 77.0 0.357 & CAMPO 11635 STF 2382 AB 2802.8 2051.49 0.953 149.6 344.3 2.169 DOCOBO 18443+3940 0.1284 14.237 102.2 258.8 2020.7470 344.0 2.148 & CAMPO 11635 STF 2383 CD 724.3 2223.9 0.353 26.5 74.3 2.399 DOCOBO 18443+3940 0.4970 2.920 126.1 73.8 2020.7470 73.9 2.402 & CAMPO 11635 CHR 77 Ca,Cb 15.75 2008.94 0.411 42.4 48.2 0.229 DOCOBO 18443+3940 22.8571 0.191 109.9 127.2 2005.5155 42.9 0.214 & CAMPO 13950 COU 1962 AB 20.414 1999.240 0.524 116.7 108.5 0.086 DOCOBO 20311+3333 17.6350 0.201 76.0 307.2 2008.5460 121.7 0.119 & CAMPO (*) SCARDIA, PRIEUR, PANSECCHI, LING, ARGYLE, ARISTIDI, ZANUTTA, ABE, BENDJOYA, RIVET, SUAREZ & VERNET 1 SARAH LEE LIPPINCOTT (1920-2019) Sarah Lee Lippincott was born in Philadelphia in 1920 and attended the University of Pennsylvania College for Women.
[Show full text]
New College News Release New College, Sarasota, Florida Furman C
/-·· NEW COLLEGE NEWS RELEASE NEW COLLEGE, SARASOTA, FLORIDA FURMAN C. ARTHUR - INFORMATION FOR RELEASE: Sunday, March 1, 1964 Sarasota--New College will have as its eighth lecturer in the New Perspectives in Science series Thursday at 8:00 p.m., Dutch born Dr. Peter van de Kamp, Director of the Sproul Observatory, swarthmore College. Dr. van de Kamp, the second astronomer in the series, approaches his field from a new viewpoint for the lecture at College Hall. He said that his talk will be about astronomy as a liberal art, "and by its very nature, peculiarly adapted to removing any artificial or imaginary bar- riers between the so-called sciences and the so-called liberal arts. Attendance at the lectures is by season registration although some single evening registrations are accepted. Born at Kampen in the Netherlands, Dr. van de Kamp was educated at the University of Utrecht where he studied astronomy, mathematics, and physics. Later, he obtained doctoral degrees at the University of California and the University of Groningen. Shortly after completing his education in the Netherlands, he came to this country to work at the McCormick Observatory at the University of Virginia and at the Lick Observatory at the University of California. (more) - 2 - Since 1937 he has been Director of the Sproul Observatory and Chairman of its Department of Astronomy. The Swarthmore observatory has one of the largest astronomical instruments of its kind. Dr. van de Kamp has taught or lectured a ·t many colleges in several countries. He is a former Fulbright scholar in France. During his education he was a member of Phi Beta Kappa and Sigma :· ~, honorary science research organization.
[Show full text]
The Search for Planets Around Other Stars by Andrew Fraknoi, Astronomical Society of the Pacific
www.astrosociety.org/uitc No. 19 - Winter 1991-92 © 1992, Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 390 Ashton Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94112 The Search for Planets Around Other Stars by Andrew Fraknoi, Astronomical Society of the Pacific The question of whether there are planets outside our Solar System has intrigued scientists, science fiction writers and poets for years. But how can we know if any really exist? We devote this issue of The Universe in the Classroom to the search for planets around other stars. What is the difference between a planet and a star? Why do we think there might be planets around other stars? Why is it so hard to see planets around other stars? If we can't see them, how can we find out if there are planets around other stars? Have any planets been detected from stellar wobbles? The Case of Barnard's Star Are there other ways to detect planets? Can we see the large disks of gas and dust around other stars out of which planets form? What about reports of planets around pulsars? Activity: Center of Mass Demonstration What is the difference between a planet and a star? Stars are huge luminous balls of gas powered by nuclear reactions at their centers. The enormously high temperatures and pressures in the core of a star force atoms of hydrogen to fuse together and become helium atoms, releasing tremendous amounts of energy in the process. Planets are much smaller with core temperatures and pressures too low for nuclear fusion to occur. Thus they emit no light of their own.
[Show full text]
Levensbericht P. Van De Kamp, In: Levensberichten En Herdenkingen, 1996, Amsterdam, Pp
Huygens Institute - Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) Citation: E.P.J. van den Heuvel, Levensbericht P. van de Kamp, in: Levensberichten en herdenkingen, 1996, Amsterdam, pp. 49-54 This PDF was made on 24 September 2010, from the 'Digital Library' of the Dutch History of Science Web Center (www.dwc.knaw.nl) > 'Digital Library > Proceedings of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), http://www.digitallibrary.nl' - 1 - Levensbericht door E. P.l. van den Heuvel Peter van de Kamp 26 december 1901 - 18 mei 1995 Peter van de Kamp 49 - 2 - Peter van de Kamp overleed in Middenbeemster, 18 mei 1995, op een leeftijd van 93 jaar. Hij was een wereld-autoriteit op het gebied van de astrometrie: de nauwkeurige meting van posities en bewegingen van sterren. Zijn onderzoek, dat hij sinds 1937 aan de Sproul Sterrewacht uitvoerde, betrof met name het zoeken naar de aanwezigheid van donkere begeleiders bij sterren. Hij ontdekte - door een uiterst nauwkeurige studie van de bewegingen van sterren - een groot aantal van dergelijke begeleiders, sommige met massa's slechts een tiental malen groter dan die van de planeet Jupiter. Een aanzienlijk aantal van de leidende astronomen in de Verenigde Staten werd door hem opgeleid. In 1980 keerde hij naar Neder land terug, waar hij zich vestigde in Amsterdam. Van de Kamp werd geboren in Kampen op 26 december 1901, in een eenvou dig middenstandsgezin. Zijn vader was boekhouder bij een kleine fabriek. Na het behalen van zijn IIBS-B diploma ving hij in 1918 in Utrecht zijn studie in de Wis-, Natuur- en Sterrenkunde aan.
[Show full text]
JRASC, October 1998 Issue (PDF)
Publications from October/octobre 1998 Volume/volume 92 Number/numero 5 [673] The Royal Astronomical Society of Canada NEW LARGER SIZE! Observers Calendar — 1999 This calendar was created by members of the RASC. All photographs were taken by amateur astronomers using ordinary camera lenses and small The Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada Le Journal de la Société royale d’astronomie du Canada telescopes and represent a wide spectrum of objects. An informative caption accompanies every photograph. This year all of the photos are in full colour. It is designed with the observer in mind and contains comprehensive astronomical data such as daily Moon rise and set times, significant lunar and planetary conjunctions, eclipses, and meteor showers. (designed and produced by Rajiv Gupta) Price: $14 (includes taxes, postage and handling) The Beginner’s Observing Guide This guide is for anyone with little or no experience in observing the night sky. Large, easy to read star maps are provided to acquaint the reader with the constellations and bright stars. Basic information on observing the moon, planets and eclipses through the year 2000 is provided. There is also a special section to help Scouts, Cubs, Guides and Brownies achieve their respective astronomy badges. Written by Leo Enright (160 pages of information in a soft-cover book with a spiral binding which allows the book to lie flat). Price: $12 (includes taxes, postage and handling) Looking Up: A History of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada Published to commemorate the 125th anniversary of the first meeting of the Toronto Astronomical Club, “Looking Up — A History of the RASC” is an excellent overall history of Canada’s national astronomy organization.
[Show full text]
Willem Luyten’S Interest in Astronomy Dates from the 1910 Appearance of Halley’S Comet Over His Home in Semarang
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES WILLEM JACO B L UYTEN 1899—1994 A Biographical Memoir by ARTH U R Upg REN Any opinions expressed in this memoir are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Academy of Sciences. Biographical Memoir COPYRIGHT 1999 NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS WASHINGTON D.C. Photo by Kallman Studio WILLEM JACOB LUYTEN March 7, 1899–November 21, 1994 BY ARTHUR UPGREN ILLEM LUYTEN WAS the central figure in the determina- Wtion of the stellar luminosity function, the frequency function of stars by their luminosity. In this, his major re- search contribution, he followed in the tradition of Dutch astronomers, mostly of the Leiden Observatory, which be- gan before 1900 with J. C. Kapteyn and included P. J. van Rhijn, Ejnar Hertzsprung, Willem De Sitter, and Jan H. Oort. Luyten was one of a number of distinguished students of these scientists who emigrated to the United States and had a memorable career. His contemporaries included Bart J. Bok, Dirk Brouwer, Gerard P. Kuiper, Jan Schilt, Kaj Aa. Strand, and Peter van de Kamp. Luyten spoke of his ancestry as part French, originating in Provence in the fourteenth century. The family name may have been Lutin and derived from lute players and minstrels attending the popes who resided in Avignon. In 1377 the popes moved back to Rome and the progenitor lute player resettled at the Court of Burgundy. The dukes there united the cities of Holland, and during ducal rule over the next century, the family may have found its way to the Netherlands.
[Show full text]
Astrometry:Astrometry: Revealingrevealing Thethe Otherother Twotwo Dimensionsdimensions Ofof Velocityvelocity Spacespace
Astrometry:Astrometry: RevealingRevealing thethe OtherOther TwoTwo DimensionsDimensions ofof VelocityVelocity SpaceSpace H.A. McAlister Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy Georgia State University Astrometry: What is It? • Astrometry deals with the measurement of the positions and motions of astronomical objects on the celestial sphere. Two main subfields are: • Spherical Astrometry – Determines an inertial reference frame, traditionally using meridian circles, within which stellar proper motions and parallaxes can be measured. Also known as fundamental or global astrometry. • Plane Astrometry – Operates over a restricted field of view, using, through much of the 20th century, long-focus refractors at plate scales of 15 to 20 arcsec/mm, with the goal of accurately measuring stellar parallax. Also known as long-focus or small-angle astrometry. • Astrometry relies on specialized instrumentation and observational and analysis techniques. It is fundamental to all other fields of astronomy. Astrometry: What are its tools? • Spherical Astrometry: • Meridian circles & transits • Astrolabes • Space (eg. Hipparcos) • Phased optical interferometry • Very long baseline radio interferometry • Plane Astrometry: • Photography (until relatively recently) • Visual Micrometry (until relatively recently) • CCD imaging • Scanning photometry • Speckle interferometry (O/IR) • Michelson interferometry (O/IR) • Radio interferometry • Space (imaging & interferometry) Some 19th & 20th C. Astrometric Instruments Greenwich Meridian Circle House USNO 6-in Transit Circle 1898-1995 Photo from National Maritime Museum, Greenwich U.S. Naval Observatory Photo W. Finsen’s Eyepiece Hipparcos Test 1988 Interferometer c. 1960 Worley’s recording filar micrometer at USNO ESA Photo U.S. Naval Observatory Photo Spherical Astrometry What does it measure? Spherical Astrometry attempts to measure stellar & planetary positions and motions in an inertial reference frame.
[Show full text]
The Universe in the Classroom, Spring 1986
The Universe in the Classroom, Spring 1986 The Nearest Stars: A Guided Tour by Sherwood Harrington, Astronomical Society of the Pacific (c) 1986 Astronomical Society of the Pacific A tour through our stellar neighborhood As evening twilight fades during April and early May, a brilliant, blue-white star can be seen low in the sky toward the southwest. That star is called Sirius, and it is the brightest star in Earth's nighttime sky. Sirius looks so bright in part because it is a relatively powerful light producer; if our Sun were suddenly replaced by Sirius, our daylight on Earth would be more than 20 times as bright as it is now! But the other reason Sirius is so brilliant in our nighttime sky is that it is so close; Sirius is the nearest neighbor star to the Sun that can be seen with the unaided eye from the Northern Hemisphere. ``Close'' in the interstellar realm, though, is a very relative term. If you were to model the Sun as a basketball, then our planet Earth would be about the size of an apple seed 30 yards away from it -- and even the nearest other star (alpha Centauri, visible from the Southern Hemisphere) would be 6,000 miles away. Distances among the stars are so large that it is helpful to express them using the light-year -- the distance light travels in one year -- as a measuring unit. In this way of expressing distances, alpha Centauri is about four light-years away, and Sirius is about eight and a half light- years distant.
[Show full text]
The Nearby Stars
The Nearby Stars H. Jahreiß Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Germany Ε-mail: [email protected] Abstract In this paper a short overview is presented about our knowledge of the solar neighbor- hood, which in this context extents to a distance of 25 parsec from our Sun. The astromet- ric, photometric, and spectroscopic properties of the stars within this sphere were compiled and critically evaluated at the Astronomisches Rechen-Institut since more than 50 years. At present, we know within this volume almost 4000 stellar objects. Some conclusions to be drawn from such a small sample for our Galaxy will be described in more detail. 1. Introduction On July 9, 1951 Wilhelm Gliese (1915 - 1993) received from Peter van de Kamp, then professor at Swarthmore College and director of the Sproul observa- tory in Philadelphia and well known expert for faint nearby stars, the suggestion to work on nearby stars. Wilhelm Gliese then astronomer at the Astronomisches Re- chen-Institut in Heidelberg and engaged in the preparation of a new version of the fundamental catalogue FK4 (Fricke, et al. 1963) was eager to enter a new research field aside of the routine astrometric work he had to do. The above date was the starting point of a very successful story which is still continuing: almost every time when a new extrasolar planet or a brown dwarf as a companion of a brighter star is detected this brighter star has an identification number in the Gliese-Catalog (Gli- ese, 1957, 1969) or its subsequent editions (Gliese and Jahreiß, 1979, 1991).
[Show full text]
The Transits of Extrasolar Planets with Moons
The Transits of Extrasolar Planets with Moons David Mathew Kipping arXiv:1105.3189v3 [astro-ph.EP] 23 Apr 2012 Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Physics and Astronomy University College London March 2011 I, David Mathew Kipping, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. Abstract The search for extrasolar planets is strongly motivated by the goal of characterizing how frequent habitable worlds and life may be within the Galaxy. Whilst much effort has been spent on searching for Earth-like planets, large moons may also be common, temperate abodes for life as well. The methods to detect extrasolar moons, or “exomoons” are more subtle than their planetary counterparts and in this thesis I aim to provide a method to find such bodies in transiting systems, which offer the greatest potential for detection. Before one can search for the tiny perturbations to the planetary signal, an understanding of the planetary transit must be established. Therefore, in Chapters 3 to 5 I discuss the transit model and provide several new insights. Chapter 4 presents new analytic expressions for the times of transit minima and the transit duration, which will be critical in the later search for exomoons. Chapter 5 discusses two sources of distortion to the transit signal, namely blending (with a focus on the previously unconsidered self-blending scenario) and light curve smearing due to long integration times. I provide methods to compensate for both of these effects, thus permitting for the accurate modelling of the planetary transit light curve.
[Show full text]
National Science Board, Staff, Committees, and Advisory Panels
APPENDIX A . National Science Board, Staff, Committees, and Advisory Panels NATIONAL SCIENCE BOARD Tsrnzs expire May /OI 1958 $4 z 1 $Z;a SOPHE D. ABERLE, Special Research Director, University of New Mexico, gj, Albuquerque, N. Mex. g f t. i ROBERT P. BARNES, Professor of Chemistry, Howard University, Washing- 6. ; ji ton, D. C. P ( [! DETLEV W. BRONK (Chairman of the Board), President, National Acad- i( emy of Sciences, Washington, D. C., and President, Rockefeller Institute i, 8, I, i of Medical Research, New York, N. Y. i ” i : ,: GERTY T. CORI, Professor of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, i Washington University, St. Louis, MO. i( ;, 1 li CHARLES DOLLARD, President (retired), Carnegie Corporation of New I i York, New York, N. Y. I I, ; T. KEITH GLENNAN, President, Case Institute of Technology, Cleveland, i ’ / Ohio. ROBERT F. LOEB, Bard Professor of Medicine, College of Physicians and I; : I, Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, N. Y. f ,? : ANDREY A. POTTER, Dean Emeritus of Engineering, Purdue University, La- 4 ) fayette, Ind. Terms expire May IO, 1960 :. ,* Roorza ADAMS, Research Professor, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Ill. THEODORE M. HESBUROH, C. S. C., President, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Ind. WIL~M V. HOUSTON, President, Rice Institute, Houston, Tex. DONALD H. MCLAUGHLIN, President, Homestake Mining Co., San Fran- cisco, calif. GEORGEH. MERCK, Chairman of the Board, Merck & Co., Inc., New York, N. Y. JOSEPH C. MORRIS, Vice President, Tulane University, New Orleans, La. WARREN WEAVER, Vice President for the Natural and Medical Sciences, The Rockefeller Foundation, New York, N.
[Show full text]
Planets Beyond the Solar System
Planets Beyond the Solar System The New Astronomical Revolution by Cheryl Harper A lesson based on information from: UC Santa Barbara Kavli Institute Conference - March 27, 2010 Alan Boss - Carnegie Inst. Of WA . author - The Crowded Universe: The Search for Living Planets Adam Burgasser – UC San Diego Debra Fischer – Yale University James Kasting – Penn State University . author - How to Find a Habitable Planet An exoplanet is… a planet that orbits a star in a solar system other than ours. sometimes called an extrasolar planet. According to The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia (August 2010) there are 474 currently detected exoplanets. So how difficult is it to locate an exoplanet? Not easy, but there are many ways. Here are a few… Direct Imaging Astrometry Radial velocity (Doppler method) Transit Method Gravitational Microlensing Direct Imaging: observing visible or infrared light produced by or reflected from the exoplanet Direct Imaging continued… Direct Imaging Info Planets reflect visible light and give off some of their own in the infrared range. However, they are much dimmer than the stars that they orbit, making them difficult to see. Direct Imaging continued… Finding a planet… Planet near Beta Pictoris imaged in 2008 (with direct imaging) by a group of French astronomers using ESO's Very Large Telescope. http://www.eso.org/public/images/eso0842a/ Direct Imaging continued… As of July 2010 13 planets have been detected using direct imaging Astrometry: Measuring a star’s change in position. The gravitational pull of an orbiting planet will cause the star to “wobble” in its orbit. Astrometry continued… Astrometry info Planets don’t actually orbit their sun.
[Show full text]