Appendix 1

Database: Embase Classic+Embase <1947 to 2015 January 27>, Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R) <1946 to Present> Search Strategy: March 21, 2016 ------1 sleep/ or night sleep/ or sleep induction/ (119114) 2 exp *sleep disorder/ (48385) 3 (sleep or insomnia).tw. (281519) 4 1 or 2 or 3 (318752) 5 intensive care unit/ (128046) 6 *critical illness/ or *critically ill patient/ or *intensive care/ or *artificial ventilation/ (107617) 7 *hospital patient/ (13433) 8 *postoperative care/ (25079) 9 *postoperative period/ (6176) 10 ((mechanical or artificial) adj ventilat$).tw. (76070) 11 (intensive care or icu).tw. (260630) 12 (critical$ adj2 (care or ill$)).tw. (116727) 13 (postoperativ$ or post operativ$ or inpatient$).tw. (1129711) 14 (hospital$ adj2 patient$).tw. (173950) 15 or/5-14 (1679818) 16 4 and 15 (15024) 17 exp *benzodiazepine derivative/ (64289) 18 *ramelteon/ (202) 19 ramelteon.tw. (515) 20 *melatonin/ (27568) 21 Melatonin.tw. (39686) 22 *melatonin receptor agonist/ (31) 23 exp *antidepressant agent/ (161899) 24 exp *antihistaminic agent/ (79776) 25 *imidazopyridine derivative/ (193) 26 Imidazopyridine$.tw. (910) 27 *zolpidem/ (1381) 28 Zolpidem.tw. (4150) 29 *pyridine derivative/ (12737) 30 *pyrazolopyrimidine derivative/ (163) 31 Pyrazolopyrimidine$.tw. (540) 32 *zaleplon/ (238) 33 Zaleplon.tw. (669) 34 Cyclopyrrolone$.tw. (250) 35 *eszopiclone/ (164) 36 eszopiclone.tw. (472) 37 *zopiclone/ (826) 38 zopiclone.tw. (1858) 39 exp *barbituric acid derivative/ (69313) 40 *chloral hydrate/ (3654) 41 exp *neuroleptic agent/ (193754) 42 *olanzapine/ (5515) 43 olanzapine.tw. (15748) 44 *quetiapine/ (2936) 45 Quetiapine.tw. (8643) 46 *propofol/ (21766) 47 Propofol.tw. (36217) 48 *alpha 2 adrenergic receptor stimulating agent/ (1054) 49 *dexmedetomidine/ (3961) 50 Dexmedetomidine.tw. (5629) 51 exp *hypnotic sedative agent/ (137181) 52 estazolam/ (1148) 53 midazolam/ (41684) 54 temazepam/ (5932) 55 triazolam/ (6772) 56 flurazepam/ (5391) 57 flunitrazepam/ (10031) 58 (Estazolam or Midazolam or Temazepam or Triazolam or Flurazepam or Flunitrazepam).tw. (36087) 59 (amitriptyline or nortriptyline or Mirtazapine or Trazodone or Doxepin).tw. (24214) 60 *amitriptyline/ or *nortriptyline/ or *mirtazapine/ or *trazodone/ or *doxepin/ (23976) 61 (Diphenhydramine or chlorpheniramine or hydroxyzine).tw. (13454) 62 Diphenhydramine.tw. (7480) 63 chlorpheniramine.tw. (4061) 64 hydroxyzine.tw. (2544) 65 or/17-64 (699111) 66 16 and 65 (1685) 67 (animal experiment/ or animal/) not humans/ (6747169) 68 66 not 67 (1671) 69 68 use emczd (1285) 70 exp Sleep/ (231886) 71 exp Sleep Disorders/ (211280) 72 (sleep or insomnia).tw. (281519) 73 or/70-72 (419131) 74 exp Intensive Care Units/ (149137) 75 exp Critical Care/ or exp Intensive Care/ or critical illness/ (556202) 76 Respiration, Artificial/ (129971) 77 *inpatients/ or *Hospitalization/ (69809) 78 postoperative care/ or postoperative period/ (293863) 79 ((mechanical or artificial) adj ventilat$).tw. (76070) 80 (intensive care or icu).tw. (260630) 81 (critical$ adj2 (care or ill$)).tw. (116727) 82 (postoperativ$ or post operativ$ or inpatient$).tw. (1129711) 83 (hospital$ adj2 patient$).tw. (173950) 84 or/74-83 (2184689) 85 73 and 84 (38589) 86 exp Benzodiazepines/ (216012) 87 Receptors, Melatonin/ag (122) 88 ramelteon.tw. (515) 89 Melatonin/ (40427) 90 exp Antidepressive Agents/ (454850) 91 Histamine Antagonists/ (41545) 92 Imidazopyridine$.tw. (910) 93 Zolpidem.tw. (4150) 94 Pyridines/ (63930) 95 Pyrazolopyrimidine$.tw. (540) 96 Zaleplon.tw. (669) 97 Cyclopyrrolone$.tw. (250) 98 eszopiclone.tw. (472) 99 zopiclone.tw. (1858) 100 exp Barbiturates/ (203683) 101 Chloral Hydrate/ (8173) 102 exp Antipsychotic Agents/ (348253) 103 olanzapine.tw. (15748) 104 Quetiapine.tw. (8643) 105 Propofol/ (49309) 106 Propofol.tw. (36217) 107 exp Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists/ (24347) 108 Dexmedetomidine/ (6363) 109 Dexmedetomidine.tw. (5629) 110 exp "Hypnotics and Sedatives"/ (439023) 111 (Estazolam or Midazolam or Temazepam or Triazolam or Flurazepam or Flunitrazepam).tw. (36087) 112 Melatonin.tw. (39686) 113 (amitriptyline or nortriptyline or Mirtazapine or Trazodone or Doxepin).tw. (24214) 114 (Diphenhydramine or chlorpheniramine or hydroxyzine).tw. (13454) 115 or/86-114 (1336662) 116 85 and 115 (7050) 117 animals/ not humans/ (5087200) 118 116 not 117 (7036) 119 118 use prmz (811) 120 69 or 119 (2096) 121 remove duplicates from 120 (1623) 122 121 use prmz (805) Medline 123 121 use emczd (818) Embase

Database: EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials Search Strategy: March 21, 2016 ------1 exp Sleep/ (4021) 2 exp Sleep Disorders/ (3997) 3 (sleep or insomnia).tw,hw. (15412) 4 or/1-3 (15599) 5 exp Intensive Care Units/ (2098) 6 exp Critical Care/ or exp Intensive Care/ or critical illness/ (2235) 7 Respiration, Artificial/ (2354) 8 *inpatients/ or *Hospitalization/ (0) 9 postoperative care/ or postoperative period/ (6109) 10 ((mechanical or artificial) adj ventilat$).tw,hw. (3634) 11 (intensive care or icu).tw,hw. (9709) 12 (critical$ adj2 (care or ill$)).tw,hw. (3550) 13 (postoperativ$ or post operativ$ or inpatient$).tw,hw. (63767) 14 (hospital$ adj2 patient$).tw,hw. (10443) 15 or/5-14 (82559) 16 4 and 15 (1240) 17 exp Benzodiazepines/ (7485) 18 Receptors, Melatonin/ag (0) 19 ramelteon.tw,hw. (53) 20 Melatonin/ (667) 21 exp Antidepressive Agents/ (9517) 22 Histamine Antagonists/ (156) 23 Imidazopyridine$.tw,hw. (62) 24 Zolpidem.tw,hw. (442) 25 Pyridines/ (1773) 26 Pyrazolopyrimidine$.tw,hw. (14) 27 Zaleplon.tw,hw. (81) 28 Cyclopyrrolone$.tw,hw. (29) 29 eszopiclone.tw,hw. (78) 30 zopiclone.tw,hw. (272) 31 exp Barbiturates/ (1816) 32 Chloral Hydrate/ (93) 33 exp Antipsychotic Agents/ (7162) 34 olanzapine.tw,hw. (1928) 35 Quetiapine.tw,hw. (846) 36 Propofol/ (3124) 37 Propofol.tw,hw. (6773) 38 exp Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists/ (2227) 39 Dexmedetomidine/ (298) 40 Dexmedetomidine.tw,hw. (743) 41 exp "Hypnotics and Sedatives"/ (10693) 42 (Estazolam or Midazolam or Temazepam or Triazolam or Flurazepam or Flunitrazepam).tw,hw. (6075) 43 Melatonin.tw,hw. (1099) 44 (amitriptyline or nortriptyline or Mirtazapine or Trazodone or Doxepin).tw,hw. (3497) 45 (Diphenhydramine or chlorpheniramine or hydroxyzine).tw,hw. (1352) 46 or/17-45 (41116) 47 16 and 46 (326)