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Absolute Risk, 252 Acetabular Dysplasia, 38, 211, 213 Acetabular Protrusion, 38 Achondroplasia, 195, 197, 199–200, 205 Genetic

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Absolute Risk, 252 Acetabular Dysplasia, 38, 211, 213 Acetabular Protrusion, 38 Achondroplasia, 195, 197, 199–200, 205 Genetic Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-86137-3 - Palaeopathology Tony Waldron Index More information Index absolute risk, 252 angular kyphosis acetabular dysplasia, 38, 211, 213 in Scheuermann’s disease, 45 acetabular protrusion, 38 in tuberculosis, 93–4 achondroplasia, 195, 197, 199–200, 205 ankylosing spondylitis, 57–60, 65 genetic defect in, 199 ankylosis in, 58 skeletal changes in, 200 bamboo spine in, 59 acoustic neuroma, 229–31 erosions in, 59 acromegaly, 78, 207–8 first description, 57 and DISH, 208 HLA B27 58 and, skeletal changes in, 208 operational definition of, 59 acromelia, 198 prevalence of, 58 aDNA sacroiliitis and, 59 in leprosy, 101 skip lesions in, 59 in syphilis, 108 ankylosis, 51 in tuberculosis, 92, 95–6 following fracture, 146 Albers-Schonberg˝ disease, see in ankylosing spondylitis, 58 osteopetrosis in brucellosis, 96 Alstrom syndrome, 78 in DISH, 73 alveolar margin, see periodontal disease in erosive osteoarthritis, 55 amputation, 158–61 in rheumatoid arthritis, 51 indications for, 160–1 in septic arthritis, 89 ancient DNA, see aDNA in tuberculosis, 93–4 anaemia, 136–7 annulus fibrosus, 42–3, 45 cribra obitalia and, 136–7 ante-mortem tooth loss, 238–9 aneurysms, 224–7 and periodontal disease, 238–9 aortic, 224–5 and scurvy, 132 and syphilis, 224 causes of, 238 of vertebral artery, 225–6 anterior longitudinal ligament popliteal, 226 in ankylosing spondylitis, 59 aneurysmal bone cyst, 177 in DISH, 73 angiosarcoma, 182 anti-CCP antibodies, 49, 53 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-86137-3 - Palaeopathology Tony Waldron Index More information 270 index antra of Highmore, 114 bone remodelling unit (BRU), 18 aorta, 224–5 Bouchard’s nodes, 37 coarctation of, 226–7 brachycephaly, 198, 210 rib notching in, 227 breast cancer, 186–7 apical granuloma, see periapical cavities Brodie’s abscess, 88 apoptosis, 15, 18 brown tumours, 135 arthritis mutilans, 64 Brucella abortus, 96 articular cartilage, 24 brucellosis, 96–7 in osteoarthritis, 27–8 periosteal new bone in, 96 AS, see ankylosing spondylitis spine in, 96 autopsy, 162–4 bunionette, 71 complete, 163 bunions, 70–1 partial, 163 differentiation from gout, 71 signsofintheskeleton,163–4 avascular necrosis, 144–5 calcaneal spur, 62 in Perthes disease, 213 calcitonin, 16 in slipped capital femoral epiphysis, 212 calculus, see dental calculus callus, 13, 148 of femoral head, 145 cancellous bone, 12 of lunate, 145–6 caries, 236–9 of scaphoid, 145 development of, 237 of talus, 146 effects on teeth, 239 caries sicca, 105–6 bamboo spine, 59 case-control (case-referent) studies, 261–3 Bankart lesion, 155 in palaeopathology, 263–4 bare area (within a joint), 25 cement line, 13 Bayes’s theorem, 2, n2 cervical rib, 218–9 Behc¸et’s disease, 225 Charcot joints beheading, 165 in leprosy, 100 bejel, see endemic syphilis in syphilis, 106 bipartite patella, 22 CHD, see congenital hip dsyplasia bladder stones, see kidney and bladder chondroblastoma, 175 stones chondrodermal dysplasia, 202 bone balance, 19 chondroplasia (chondrodysplasia) punctata, bone cysts, 177 202 bone formers (or forming), 30, 72–3 chondrosarcoma, 181 definition of , 72 chronic recurrent multiple osteomyelitis, 89 bone mass, 17 maximum (or peak), 17 cleft palate, 202 bone matrix, 14 clinodactyly, 198 bone mineral density (BMD), 118–9 cloacae, 85, 93 bone morphogenic proteins (BMP), 18 Cobb angle, 216 bone remodelling, 18 Codman’s triangle, 178 in Paget’s disease, 125 collagen, 14, 42, 132, 148, 200 following fracture, 148 common odds ratio, 254 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-86137-3 - Palaeopathology Tony Waldron Index More information index 271 compact bone, 12 diastematomyelia, 232–3 comparative data, 7–9 diet, 10, n26 qualitative, 8 diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis, see confidence intervals, 252, n6 DISH congenital hip dysplasia, 38, 211 discitis, 88 cortical defects, 22 DISH, 73–77 coxa valga and acromegaly, 208 in poliomyelitis, 109 and diabetes, 74 coxa vara and osteoarthritis, 31 in congenital hip dysplasia, 211 and the monastic way of life, 75 and sacroiliac joints, 74 craniosynostosis, 198, 209 and spondylolisthesis, 153 cranio-tabes, 129 anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL) in, crepitus, 33 73 cribra orbitalia, 116, 136–7 early DISH (eDISH), 77 Crohn’s disease, 65 cytokines in, 74 cross-sectional studies, 252 enthesophytes in, 72 crystal arthropathy first description of, 73 of the shoulder, 36 operational definition of, 77 cup and pencil sign, 64 prevalence of, 74 cytokines, 14–15 posterior longitudinal ligament in, 77 and inflammations, 20 dislocations, 155–6 in bone remodelling, 18–19 definition of, 138 in DISH, 74 of shoulder, 155 in erosive osteoarthritis, 54 DMFT index, 265–6 in healing fractures, 147–8 dwarfism, 195–206 in heterotopic ossification, 80 and zinc deficiency, 206 in leprosy, 99 definition of, 195 in osteoarthritis, 27 pituitary, 196 in psoriatic arthropathy, 62 scheme for differentiating, 206 in rheumatoid arthritis, 48, 51 dyschondrosteosis, 204–5 in tuberculosis, 91 and Madelung deformity, 203 skeletal changes in, 204 DCO, see dyschondrosteosis dental abscess, see periapical abscess facies leprosa,see rhino-maxillary syndrome dental calculus, 240–1 fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva, 80–1 recognition of, 201 fibrosarcoma, 181 dental cysts, 247–7 fibrous dysplasia, 213–4 dental enamel, 243–4 types of, 214 defects of, 244 final achieved height, 192–3 dentogenesis imperfecta, 200 flame sign, 125 diabetes, 74, 89, 136 fluorosis, 245 diagnosis, 2–7 follow-up studies, 250 accuracy of, 3–4 FOP, see fibrodysplasia ossificans of osteoarthritis, 4–5 progressiva © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-86137-3 - Palaeopathology Tony Waldron Index More information 272 index Forestier’s disease, 73, 76 haemangioma, 176 fractures, 138–51 hallux rigidus, 39 aetiology of, 150–1 hallux valgus, 71 and osteogenesis imperfecta, 201 hanging, 165–7 and osteoporosis, 203 effects on the skeleton, 166–7 and peripheral nerve damage, 146–7 hangman’s fracture, 166 Hansen’s bacillus, see Mycobacterium leprae classification of, 139 Haversian system, 13, 116 complications of, 143–7 health, 9–10 compound and osteomyelitis, 87 Heberden’s nodes, 37 consequences of, 141–2 hereditary multiple exostoses (HME), definition of, 138 202–3, 205 epidemiology of, 149–50 genetic defect in, 202 eponymous, 140–1 heterotopic ossification, 79–82 healing of, 147–7 and osteochondroma, 175 cytokines in, 147 causes of, 79 factors affecting, 148 cytokines and, 80 stress, see stress fractures Hill-Sachs lesion, 155 timing of, 148 HFI, see hyperostosis frontalis interna treatment of, 142–3 HLA B27 fungal infections of bone, 111 and ankylosing spondylitis, 58 and enteropathic arthropathy, 65 gall stones, 233–4 and psoriatic arthropathy, 63 composition of, 233 and reactive arthropathy, 60 Ghon focus, 91 and spondylarthritides, 56 gigantism, 207–8 HLA DR4, 48 IGF (somatomedin), 207 Hodgkin’s disease, 182–3 gout, 67–70 Howship’s lacunae, 16 acute, 68 Hutchinson’s teeth, 108 common sites of, 68 hydroxyapatite, 14 chronic, 68 hyperostosis cranii, 78 differentiation from bunions, 71 hyperostosis frontalis interna, 78–9 erosions in, 68 and acromegaly, 78 Martel hook sign in, 68–9 and Paget’s disease, 78 operational definition of, 69 first description of, 78 tophi in, 68 hyperparathyroidism, 134–5 uric acid metabolism in, 67–8 bone resorption in, 134–5 growth, 191–5 tuftal resorption in, 135 rates, 193–5 hydatid disease, 111–2 spurts, 191 growth hormone impingement syndrome, 41 in DISH, 74 operational definition of, 42 in gigantism, 207 incidence, 249, 250–2 in pituitary dwarfism, 196 inflammation, 20 gull-wing sign, 55 interleukins (IL), 15 gun-shot wounds, 157–8 and osteoarthritis, 27 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-86137-3 - Palaeopathology Tony Waldron Index More information index 273 insulin-like growth factors (IGF), 18 Charcot joints in, 100 interstitial bone, 13 clinical types, 98–9 intervertebral disc, 62 cytokines in, 99 intervertebral disc disease, 42–5 lepromatous, 99 neurological complications of, 44–5 licked candy sign in, 100 operational definition of, 43 operational definition, 101 intervertebral foramen, 44, 225 rhino-maxillary syndrome in, 100–1 widening of, 225 tuberculoid, 99 IVD, see intervertebral disc disease Leri-Weill´ disease, see dyschondrosteosis IVF, see intervertebral foramen leukaemia, 183 involucrum, 85 licked candy sign, 100 iron deficiency anaemia, 136–7 ligamentum flavum ossification of, 81 joint space, 24 lining cells, 14 narrowing in osteoarthritis, 33 London Bills of Mortality, 90, 128 joints Looser’s zones, 130 synovial, 24–6 lung cancer, 187–8 types of, 24 lymphomas, 182–3 juvenile arthritis, 66–7 prevalence of, 66 McCune-Albright syndrome, 214 psoriasis and, 66 macrocephaly, 208–9 rheumatoid factor in, 66 Madelung deformity, 203, 204, 205 Maffucci’s syndrome, 174 Kashin-Beck disease, 31, n31 marginal osteophytes keeled acromion, 41 in intervertebral disc disease, 43, 44 kidney and bladder stones, 234–5 in osteoarthritis, 33 composition of, 234 Martel hook, 68 kidney cancer, 138 matching, 263 Klippel-Feil syndrome, 215, 218 maximum bone mass (MBM), 17, 118 kyphosis, 215 meningioma, 227–9 in ankylosing spondylitis, 59 diagnosis of, 228 in fibrous dysplasia, 214 prevalence, 229 in Scheuermann’s disease, 45 skull changes in, 227–8 in tuberculosis, 94 mesomelia, 198 metallo-enzymes, 27 Launois’s deformity, 62 metastatic bone tumours, 184–90
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