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The African Ethnobotany Network = Le Réseau Africain D'ethnobotanique

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The African Ethnobotany Network = Le Réseau Africain D'ethnobotanique Bulletin No. 2 Août August 2000 AENThe African Ethnobotany Network RAELe Réseau Africain d’Ethnobotanique TABLE DES MATIERES CONTENTS Revue de la littérature ethnobotanique pour Review of ethnobotanical literature l’Afrique Centrale et Afrique de l’Ouest for Central and West Africa Répertoire des adhérents au RAE List of AEN members AVANT - PROPOS FOREWORD Le Réseau Africain d'Ethnobotanique The African Ethnobotany Network (RAE) fut établi lors du 15ième Congrès de (AEN) was founded at the XVth AET- l'AETFAT qui eut lieu à Harare en 1997. FAT Congress held in 1997 in Harare. Depuis cette date, le nombre d'adhérents a Since that date its membership has continuellement augmenté. Après le congrès grown steadily. After the Harare d'Harare, certains pays ont établi des Congress, a number of countries have réseaux ethnobotaniques ou des sociétés established active ethnobotanical net- professionnelles actives. Des cours universi- works or professional societies. Formal taires en ethnobotanique furent lancés ou courses in ethnobotany have been or are sont en train d'être institués dans plusieurs being lodged in various African univer- institutions africaines. De plus en plus, les sities. Conservation and development projets de conservation et de développement projects increasingly involve local impliquent (à des dégrés variés) les popula- people (to varying extents) in planning, tions locales dans la planification, la prise decision making and project implemen- de décision et la réalisation de projet. Le tation. The term "participatory" invari- terme « participatif » trouve invariablement ably finds its way into the titles of sa place dans les titres de documents qui documents dealing with aspects of rural traitent des aspects du développement rural development and environmental man- et de la gestion de l'environnement. L'ethno- agement. Ethnobotany appears to have botanique paraît avoir gagné une certaine gained recognition as a multi-discipli- réputation comme science multi-disci- nary science, which addresses real and plinaire, qui adresse de réels et urgents pro- pressing conservation problems linked blèmes de conservation liés aux economies to rural economies. rurales. However, the functioning of Pourtant, le fonctionnement des réseaux national ethnobotany networks and nationaux d'ethnobotanique ou des sociétés societies often depends on one or a few professionnelles dépend souvent d'un ou individuals who dedicate their time and quelques individus qui dévouent leurs temps energy and "make things happen". et énergie à réaliser des activités. Ironically, the departure of such a Malheureusement, si jamais une de ces "mover and shaker" for further studies « dynamos » part à l’étranger pour suivre abroad and the highly desirable upgrade ses études et augmenter sa capacité profes- of his/her individual capacity may lead sionnelle, les efforts qu’il déployait en eth- to the stagnation or faltering of coordi- nobotanique au pays, tombent souvent en nated efforts in ethnobotany back dormance. Comment le Réseau Africain home. How can the African d'Ethnobotanique peut-il donc assurer que Ethnobotany Network ensure that eth- l'ethnobotanique demeure une discipline nobotany remains on the agenda? How pertinente ? Comment, par exemple, pou- can we ensure that ethnobotanists are vons nous assurer que des ethnobotanistes involved for example in environmental soient impliqués dans les évaluations des impact assessments in their countries? incidences sur l'environnement dans leurs How can we show that careful ethno- pays ? Comment pouvons-nous démontrer botanical work can find solutions to que les travaux soigneux en ethnobotanique resource use conflicts and overexploita- peuvent trouver des solutions aux conflits tion and help to avoid expensive errors d'utilisation des ressources naturelles et à that lead to more poverty and increased leur surexploitation et permettre d’éviter des environmental degradation? 1 erreurs coûteuses qui risqueraient de ren- One precondition for making eth- forcer la pauvreté et accélérer la dégradation nobotanical work effective is to be de l'environnement ? aware of the range of methods and L’une des conditions préalables à l’effi- approaches and to be able to choose the cacité du travail en ethnobotanique est d'être most appropriate ones for the problem au courant de l’ensemble des méthodes et at hand. Equally, one has to be aware of approches qui existent et de savoir choisir the work already done. This is not an celles qui sont appropriées au problème à easy task as, due to its multi-discipli- resoudre. Il faut également connaître les nary nature, ethnobotanical work is travaux qui sont déjà effectués dans le scattered in a wide range of journals domaine. Ceci n'est pas une tâche facile car and carried out by a variety of institu- la nature multi-disciplinaire de l'ethno- tions. Researchers often get frustrated botanique fait que les publications et when their literature search in the local travaux sont dispersés dans une variété de libraries only yields meagre results. revues et d'institutions. Souvent les Yet, an amazing amount of effort has chercheurs sont frustrés par les pauvres gone into ethnobotanical studies all resultats de recherches dans les bibliotèques over Africa in the last century. To over- locales. Pourtant, des efforts immenses ont come the difficulties of access to rele- été accomplis dans le domaine de l'ethno- vant information, the current Bulletin botanique en Afrique dans le siècle passé. provides a survey of ethnobotanical lit- Pour surmonter les difficultés d'accès aux erature from Central and West Africa, informations pertinentes ce Bulletin propose which complements the literature une revue de littérature ethnobotanique en review for East and Southern Africa Afrique centrale et de l'ouest. Celle-ci published in the last Bulletin. The représente un complément à la synthèse authors have extensively explored the publiée dans le dernier Bulletin pour Internet for the purpose of this review. l'Afrique de l'est et australe. Pour accomplir However, because of the growing gap leur tâche, les auteurs ont conduit une ample between those who participate in the recherche sur Internet (toile). A cause de la current information revolution and disparité croissante entre ceux qui par- those excluded from access to electron- ticipent à la révolution en cours dans le ic information we continue our efforts domaine de l'information et ceux qui sont to synthesize the available knowledge exclus de l'accès à l'information electro- and distribute it through dedicated net- nique, nous continuons nos efforts de mettre works. à disposition de telles synthèses et de les Only by working together and shar- distribuer à travers des réseaux concernés. ing available information can we hope C’est seulement en travaillant ensemble to stem the Sixth Extinction. et en partageant le savoir existant que nous pouvons espérer réussir dans la lutte contre la Sixième Extinction. Robert Höft & Tony Cunningham 2 TABLE DES MATIÈRES Avant-propos . .1 Revue de la Littérature Ethnobotanique pour l’Afrique Centrale et l’Afrique de l’Ouest . .5 I Présentation de l'aire géographique concernée . .5 I.1 Les pays couverts . .5 I.2 Choix qui ont conditionné les limites géographiques de la revue . .6 I.3 Phytochories et populations de l'aire concernée . .7 II Sources bibliographiques consultées . .9 II.1 Localisation des références . .9 II.2 Données écartées de la revue : les plantes cultivées . .9 II.3 Près de 5 000 références compilées . .10 II.4 Principales revues scientifiques abordant l'ethnobotanique africaine . .12 II.5 Sources bibliographiques remarquables pour l'aire géographique considérée . .15 II.6 Bases de données biblio-graphiques et éditions de synthèse, principalement consultables sur CD- Rom et sur la toile . .18 II Répartition des références bibliographiques . .28 III.1 Répartition par phytochorie . .28 III.2 Inégalités de documentation disponible entre pays . .29 IV Les dictionnaires, les inventaires, les lexiques . .31 V Usages alimentaires des plantes . .37 V.1 Enquêtes de consommations alimentaires . .38 V.2 Valeur nutritive des aliments . .39 V.3 Usages alimentaires bien documentés . .41 V.4 Usages alimentaires négligés . .46 V.5 Alimentation des enfants . .47 V.6 Ressources alimentaires faisant indirectement appel à l'ethnobotanique . .49 V.7 Alimentation du bétail et médecine vétérinaire . .53 VI Usages médicinaux des plantes . .55 VI.1 Ethnopharmacologie . .57 VI.2 Médecine et alimentation . .57 VII Usage matériel des plantes . .58 VII.1 Matériaux de construction . .59 VII.2 Outils, instruments, artisanat et objets d'art . .59 VII.3 Les plantes à gommes, tannins, substances tinctoriales cosmétiques . .64 VII.4 Plantes à poisons, drogues et hallucinogènes . .65 VII.5 Les plantes à usages multiples : l'exemple des palmiers . .68 VIII Plantes sources de combustible . .73 IX Plantes utiles, paysages et systèmes agroforestiers . .78 X Commercialisation des ressources végétales naturelles . .82 XI Perspectives en matière de gestion et de conservation durable des ressources végétales . .84 XII Bibliographie . .87 Répertoire des adhérents au RAE (par nom) . .118 Répertoire des adhérents au RAE (par pays) . .132 3 CONTENTS Foreword . .1 Review of Ethnobotanical Literature for Central and West Africa . .5 I Presentation of the of the geographical range . .5 I.1 Countries covered . .5 I.2 Choices determining the geographical limits of the review . .6 I.3 Phytochoria and populations of the area under review . .7 II Bibliographic sources . .9 II.1 Where to find the references . .9 II.2 Data excluded from the review: cultivated plants . .9 II.3 Nearly 5,000 references compiled . ..
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