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OCHA Nepal Situation Overview

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OCHA Nepal Situation Overview F OCHA Nepal Situation Overview Issue No. 17, covering the period 15 August-12 September 2007 Highlights: • Preparations for Constituent Assembly elections continues • Nationalisation of Royal assets declared by cabinet • Political realignments in main political groups • Government negotiations with different agitating groups produce mixed results • The second phase of registration of CPN-Maoist combatants continues • Janatantrik Terai Mukti Morcha (JTMM) and other groups continue to affect the ‘reach of state’ • Humanitarian and Development actors continue to face access challenges • Monsoon induced disasters continue to cause damage across the country Kathmandu, 12 September 2007 CONTEXT Politics and major developments On 16 August, Janatantrik Terai Mukti Morcha (JTMM -Jwala Singh) warned Civil Servants in the Terai districts not to participate in any preparations for the Constituent Assembly (CA) election. Similarly, on 20 August, JTMM (Goit) announced in Sunsari District that it would boycott the CA election and launch a campaign to disrupt the planned election. On 3 September, after signing an agreement with the Government, the Chairman of the Madhesi People’s Rights Forum (MPRF) Upendra Yadav called on the Madhesi community to be united and make the CA election a success. On 4 September, a leader of the Madhesi Mukti Tigers (MMT), one of the armed groups operating in the Eastern and Central Terai regions, said in Saptari District that the group was not against the CA election slated for 22 November. He also reportedly stated that the MMT is ready for talks and would lay down arms and take part in the CA election if the government agreed to a proportional representation electoral system . Nevertheless, MMT has called an indefinite bandh from 7 September. On 18 August, UN Under-Secretary-General for Political Affairs B Lynn Pascoe arrived in Kathmandu for a two day visit. During his stay in Nepal, he met with the Prime Minister, major political party leaders, the Chief Election Commissioner, civil society leaders as well as UN Country Team representatives. Mr. Pascoe affirmed that from a technical viewpoint the CA election could go ahead and urged the political parties to support the process by creating a free, fair and transparent environment in which to conduct the election. During the reporting period, calls were also made by India, the US and UK envoys to Nepal for conducting the CA election as scheduled. During the reporting period, the government began implementing the first phase of its security plan for the CA election. By 20 August, the Armed Police Force (APF) teams had reportedly been dispatched to 156 electoral constituencies. Similarly, on 30 August the Home Minister announced a detailed security plan for supporting the CA election that includes the deployment of 40,000 regular police as well as recruitment of an additional 70,000 temporary regular police and an additional 6,000 APF. Different political groups continued to exert pressure on the government to fulfill certain demands prior to the conduct of the CA election. On 17 August, representatives of Dalit organizations from the ruling political parties put forward a 15-point demand to the government that included reservation of 20% of seats of the Constituent Assembly for Dalits; free education; and, giving of preference to Dalits in foreign employment and education. On 19 August, CPN-Maoist announced 22-points of “necessary conditions” for the conduct of a “credible” CA election, and it also announced a series of protest programmes that the party intends to launch by mid-September as part of its strategy to push for the declaration of a republic prior to the CA election. Other demands by the CPN-Maoist include formation of a commission of inquiry on disappeared persons, roundtable conference of Government and all agitating sections of society including Janajatis and Madhesis, release of all political detainees, start of the process for integrating the People's Liberation Army (PLA) into the Nepal Army by forming a special cabinet committee, withdrawal of Nepal Army from the royal palaces and nationalisation of the properties of the King. Several political parties have criticized the CPN-Maoist’s planned programmes arguing that they are aimed at forestalling the CA election . CPN-Maoist top leadership subsequently threatened that the party would pull out of the interim government unless the government addresses the 22-point demand raised by the CPN-Maoist. On 23 August, the cabinet announced that it had decided to nationalize the property belonging to the royal family and formed a five-member panel to nationalize the royal property inherited by the present king, including the property of late King Birendra and his family. The property covered by this decision reportedly includes 7 palaces and the land where they stand namely Narayanhiti, OCHA Nepal Situation Overview, Issue No. 17/September 1 Basantapur, Patan, Bhaktapur, Gorkha, Lamjung and Nuwakot . The panel stated that it would consider nationalizing 5 other palaces and forested land as well. During the reporting period, different political groups were reportedly engaged in power struggles within their political groups, leading to reported splits within their leadership ranks and informal talks on possible new alliances from the fall outs. On 2 September, a group within JTMM (Goit) reported that Goit had been ousted from the outfit’s leadership. Similarly on the same day, a group within MPRF informed the media that they had dismissed Upendra Yadav from being the Chairman of the party. Upendra Yadav later announced that his committee had sacked the group that claimed to have ousted him from MPRF leadership. Similarly, a group within Nepal Sabhawana Party (NSP- Anandi Devi) claimed to have sacked their party leader Anandi Devi Singh, who subsequently claimed to have suspended the party members who had purported to oust her from NSP leadership. The reporting period also saw different political groupings engaged in unity talks, notably the Nepali Congress (NC) and Nepali Congress Democratic (NC-D) politicians who promised to unite before the CA election. Another notable development was the potential alliances of Limbuwan, Khumbuwan and Tambasaling groups (political organizations of Janajatis) that continued to remain critical of the existing Government-Janajati agreements and talks of their possible alliance with CPN-Maoist or dissidents from the MPRF The Election Commission (EC) continued preparations for the forthcoming CA election. On 19 August, the Election Commission (EC) released the election schedule and gave 5 October as the deadline for filing of papers by candidates and parties for the First Past the Post race of the election, and 30 September for the Proportional Representation race. The schedule also provides for an approximate 7 week campaign period. On 2 September, 43 domestic election observer groups were registered with the EC to monitor the upcoming CA election. Similarly, the EC requested the Ministry of Justice, Law and Parliamentary Affairs to constitute the Constituent Assembly Election Court to deal with possible complaints related to the CA election. The EC also gazetted the electoral Code of Conduct that would guide parties during preparations for the CA election. During the reporting period, the Electoral Constituency Delimitation Commission (ECDC) submitted its revised report to the Prime Minister. Across the country, the main political parties reportedly continued with preparations for the CA election. On 25 August, the CPN - UML launched its campaign in the Kathmandu Valley with a slogan “constituent assembly election for democratic republic and sustainable peace” and asked the other main parties to support the CA election without fear of losing. CPN-UML organized similar political rallies in the Eastern Region’s Panchthar, Sankwasabha and other districts. On 5 September, the central working committee of Nepali Congress asked its election committee to draft a ‘Republican’ Manifesto as part of the party’s CA election campaign. Amid claims that the planned CA election would be a ‘drama’ unless certain conditions were met, the CPN-Maoist directed its cadres to move to the districts with their 22 point demand as part of the campaign strategy. On 30 August, the MPRF and government reached a 22 point agreement. As per the agreement, the government will provide compensation to the families of all Madhesi activists killed during the Madhesi movement and free treatment to all injured in the movement. The government also agreed to withdraw cases against the Madhesi leaders and activists and further agreed to ensure representation of all Madhesi minority communities in all state institutions. The government and the MPRF also agreed to a federal structure with autonomous states without affecting national sovereignty and integrity. The boundaries and rights of such federal units within the state would be decided by the Constituent Assembly. The government also agreed to give national recognition to dress, language and culture of the Madhesi communities, sanction public holidays during Muslim festivals and formulate laws to protect people’s religious rights, provide free education up to primary level to Madhesis, give preferential treatment to Madhesis in education and employment and provide land to the landless within the Madhes region. The MPRF in return accepted to participate in a mixed electoral system during the forthcoming CA election and called off all its planned strike programmes On 30 August, a cabinet meeting approved the names of 20 Ambassadors to fill Nepal’s vacant diplomatic posts. The envoys were principally nominated by the country’s main political parties and included 6 from CPN-UML, 6 from Nepali Congress, 4 nominees from the CPN-Maoist as well as a nominee from NC-D. However, the cabinet could not finalize the appointment of 27 Secretaries of various ministries and handed to task over to the Prime Minister's office During the reporting period, the second phase of registration and verification of CPN-Maoist combatants at Division 2 Cantonment site in Sindhuli District, Central Nepal was completed.
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