Zach Griebenow
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Borowiec Et Al-2020 Ants – Phylogeny and Classification
A Ants: Phylogeny and 1758 when the Swedish botanist Carl von Linné Classification published the tenth edition of his catalog of all plant and animal species known at the time. Marek L. Borowiec1, Corrie S. Moreau2 and Among the approximately 4,200 animals that he Christian Rabeling3 included were 17 species of ants. The succeeding 1University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA two and a half centuries have seen tremendous 2Departments of Entomology and Ecology & progress in the theory and practice of biological Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, classification. Here we provide a summary of the NY, USA current state of phylogenetic and systematic 3Social Insect Research Group, Arizona State research on the ants. University, Tempe, AZ, USA Ants Within the Hymenoptera Tree of Ants are the most ubiquitous and ecologically Life dominant insects on the face of our Earth. This is believed to be due in large part to the cooperation Ants belong to the order Hymenoptera, which also allowed by their sociality. At the time of writing, includes wasps and bees. ▶ Eusociality, or true about 13,500 ant species are described and sociality, evolved multiple times within the named, classified into 334 genera that make up order, with ants as by far the most widespread, 17 subfamilies (Fig. 1). This diversity makes the abundant, and species-rich lineage of eusocial ants the world’s by far the most speciose group of animals. Within the Hymenoptera, ants are part eusocial insects, but ants are not only diverse in of the ▶ Aculeata, the clade in which the ovipos- terms of numbers of species. -
Download PDF File
ISSN 1997-3500 Myrmecological News myrmecologicalnews.org Myrmecol. News 30: 27-52 doi: 10.25849/myrmecol.news_030:027 16 January 2020 Original Article Unveiling the morphology of the Oriental rare monotypic ant genus Opamyrma Yamane, Bui & Eguchi, 2008 (Hymeno ptera: Formicidae: Leptanillinae) and its evolutionary implications, with first descriptions of the male, larva, tentorium, and sting apparatus Aiki Yamada, Dai D. Nguyen, & Katsuyuki Eguchi Abstract The monotypic genus Opamyrma Yamane, Bui & Eguchi, 2008 (Hymeno ptera, Formicidae, Leptanillinae) is an ex- tremely rare relictual lineage of apparently subterranean ants, so far known only from a few specimens of the worker and queen from Ha Tinh in Vietnam and Hainan in China. The phylogenetic position of the genus had been uncertain until recent molecular phylogenetic studies strongly supported the genus to be the most basal lineage in the cryptic subterranean subfamily Leptanillinae. In the present study, we examine the morphology of the worker, queen, male, and larva of the only species in the genus, Opamyrma hungvuong Yamane, Bui & Eguchi, 2008, based on colonies newly collected from Guangxi in China and Son La in Vietnam, and provide descriptions and illustrations of the male, larva, and some body parts of the worker and queen (including mouthparts, tentorium, and sting apparatus) for the first time. The novel morphological data, particularly from the male, larva, and sting apparatus, support the current phylogenetic position of the genus as the most basal leptanilline lineage. Moreover, we suggest that the loss of lancet valves in the fully functional sting apparatus with accompanying shift of the venom ejecting mechanism may be a non-homoplastic synapomorphy for the Leptanillinae within the Formicidae. -
Synonymization of the Male-Based Ant Genus Phaulomyrma (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.28.272799; this version posted August 31, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Phylogeny of the Male-Based Ant Genus Phaulomyrma 1 Synonymization of the male-based ant genus Phaulomyrma (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) 2 with Leptanilla based upon Bayesian total-evidence phylogenetic inference 3 Zachary H. Griebenow 4 Abstract 5 Although molecular data have proven indispensable in confidently resolving the phylogeny of 6 many clades across the tree of life, these data may be inaccessible for certain taxa. The resolution 7 of taxonomy in the ant subfamily Leptanillinae is made problematic by the absence of DNA 8 sequence data for leptanilline taxa that are known only from male specimens, including the 9 monotypic genus Phaulomyrma Wheeler & Wheeler. Focusing upon the considerable diversity 10 of undescribed male leptanilline morphospecies, the phylogeny of 38 putative morphospecies 11 sampled from across the Leptanillinae, plus an outgroup, is inferred from 11 nuclear loci and 41 12 discrete male morphological characters using a Bayesian total-evidence framework, with 13 Phaulomyrma represented by morphological data only. Based upon the results of this analysis 14 Phaulomyrma is synonymized with Leptanilla Emery, and male-based diagnoses for Leptanilla 15 that are grounded in phylogeny are provided, under both broad and narrow circumscriptions of 16 that genus. This demonstrates the potential utility of a total-evidence approach in inferring the 17 phylogeny of rare extant taxa for which molecular data are unavailable and begins a long- 18 overdue systematic revision of the Leptanillinae that is focused on male material. -
Synonymisation of the Male-Based Ant Genus Phaulomyrma (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) with Leptanilla Based Upon Bayesian Total-Evidence Phylogenetic Inference
Invertebrate Systematics © The Authors 2021 doi:10.1071/IS20059 Supplementary material Synonymisation of the male-based ant genus Phaulomyrma (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) with Leptanilla based upon Bayesian total-evidence phylogenetic inference Zachary H. Griebenow Department of Entomology & Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. Present address: 381 Briggs Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA. Email: [email protected] Page 1 of 5 Table S1. Summary statistics for ultra-conserved element (UCE) assemblies, computed with BBMap (ver. 38.87, see https://sourceforge.net/projects/bbmap/files/, accessed 13 November 2020) Name Designation in Number Summed length N50 N90 L50 L90 Average σ of GC Borowiec et al. (2019) of contigs of assembly (bp) GC content content Anomalomyrma boltoni Anomalomyrma boltoni 51209 16550563 16526 43480 305 213 0.37721 0.08768 Leptanilla GR01 Leptanilla GR01 134293 34974462 34397 91485 297 189 0.36889 0.0945 Leptanilla GR02 Leptanilla GR02 439863 119479855 146272 342814 277 213 0.38114 0.09382 Leptanilla GR03 N/A 47378 16187945 13779 39988 315 213 0.38152 0.08524 Leptanilla revelierii N/A 332453 159087760 65854 225701 684 248 0.34938 0.09345 Leptanilla TH01 Leptanilla TH01 143170 49328952 41219 114791 345 223 0.37709 0.08697 Leptanilla zhg-au02 N/A 37696 11230899 13346 32560 278 210 0.36712 0.08169 Leptanilla zhg-bt01 N/A 24036 8209365 6797 20199 325 211 0.51253 0.15305 Leptanilla zhg-my02 N/A 29083 8093471 10637 25349 253 207 0.45969 0.15313 Leptanilla zhg-my03 N/A 135840 40596888 49744 -
Two New Ants from Java
PSYCHE VOL. XXXVII SEPTEMBER, 1930 No. TWO NEW ANTS FROM JAVA GEORGE C. WHEELER AND ESTHER W. WHEELER University of North Dakota Phaulomyrma new genus 3 Head flattened, slightly emarginate behind. Eyes protruding, large (diameter about one-third the length of the head), and situated near the anterior border. Clypeus indistinct or large and somewhat convex. Antennm 13- segmented. Thorax compressed. Legs slender; two spurs on the middle and hind tibiae; metathoracic legs, long, extending beyond the tip of the abdomen. Wings hairy; fore wings large, with one or three reduced veins; the margins fringed with hairs; hind wings much smaller. Hairs abundant especially on the dorsum. Integument smooth or with scattered hairy punctures. Genitalia large and projecting. Sagittm wide at the base. Sub- genital plate bifurcated. Type" Phaulomyrma ]avana new species. This genus is to be distinguished from Leptanilla by the presence of wing veins and the unusually large genitalia. It is our opinion that Leptanilla tanit Santschi should also be included in this genus. Phaulomyrma javana new species 3 Lengthl.2 mm. Head large, about one-fifth of the entire length, slightly longer than broad, somewhat narrowed behind; the pos- terior border emarginate. 1Phaulos, trifling, paltry -- myrmex, ant. 194 Psyche [September Eyes large, diameter equal to one-third the length of head, prominent, hairy, hemispherical, situated very far forward. Ocelli oval, almost on the vertex. Antennm thirteen-jointed, half as long as the body; flattened; inserted on the anterior margin of the head; Fig. 1. A. Phaulomyrma javana, lateral view 3. B. Phaulo- myrma javana, front view of head. -
Synonymic List of Neotropical Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
BIOTA COLOMBIANA Special Issue: List of Neotropical Ants Número monográfico: Lista de las hormigas neotropicales Fernando Fernández Sebastián Sendoya Volumen 5 - Número 1 (monográfico), Junio de 2004 Instituto de Ciencias Naturales Biota Colombiana 5 (1) 3 -105, 2004 Synonymic list of Neotropical ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Fernando Fernández1 and Sebastián Sendoya2 1Profesor Asociado, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, AA 7495, Bogotá D.C, Colombia. [email protected] 2 Programa de Becas ABC, Sistema de Información en Biodiversidad y Proyecto Atlas de la Biodiversidad de Colombia, Instituto Alexander von Humboldt. [email protected] Key words: Formicidae, Ants, Taxa list, Neotropical Region, Synopsis Introduction Ant Phylogeny Ants are conspicuous and dominant all over the All ants belong to the family Formicidae, in the superfamily globe. Their diversity and abundance both peak in the tro- Vespoidea, within the order Hymenoptera. The most widely pical regions of the world and gradually decline towards accepted phylogentic schemes for the superfamily temperate latitudes. Nonetheless, certain species such as Vespoidea place the ants as a sister group to Vespidae + Formica can be locally abundant in some temperate Scoliidae (Brother & Carpenter 1993; Brothers 1999). countries. In the tropical and subtropical regions numerous Numerous studies have demonstrated the monophyletic species have been described, but many more remain to be nature of ants (Bolton 1994, 2003; Fernández 2003). Among discovered. Multiple studies have shown that ants represent the most widely accepted characters used to define ants as a high percentage of the biomass and individual count in a group are the presence of a metapleural gland in females canopy forests. -
Hymenoptera, Formicidae)
九州大学学術情報リポジトリ Kyushu University Institutional Repository THE OCCURRENCE OF THE SUBFAMILY LEPTANILLINAEIN JAPAN*(Hymenoptera, Formicidae) Yasumatsu, Keizo http://hdl.handle.net/2324/2340 出版情報:ESAKIA. 1, pp.17-20, 1960-01-20. 九州大学農学部附属彦山生物学研究所 バージョン: 権利関係: ESAKIA No. 1 J ANUARY 20,196O THE OCCURRENCE OF THE SUBFAMILY LEPTANILLINAE IN JAPAN* (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) Keiz6 Yasumatsu The subfamily Leptanillinae has been represented by three genera (Leptanilla, Leptomesites and Phaulomyrma) and sixteen species, and its range of geographical distribution is peculiar. It is found in two islands in the Mediterranean Sea, North Africa, India, Ceylon, Malaya, Java and in the southwest of Australia. Not a single species of the subfamily has hitherto been discovered in China or Japan. To my surprise one species of the genus Leptanilla was recently found on Mt. Hiko, Kyushu, Japan, by Messrs. K. Morimoto and R. Morimoto. This species represents a new, and the thirteenth, species of the genus, very different from any other known member of the group. The occurrence of the subfamily in Japan suggests that the ants of this group originated in Tropical India and from this original center long ago dispersed in three directions. Before going further I gratefully acknowledge Dr. William L. Brown, Jr., of the Museum of Comparative Zoiilogy at Harvard College for his kind help in the preparation of this paper. I appreciate very much the help of Mr. R. Ishikawa, who has been cooperative in copying the original descriptions of Forel’s LeptaniZZa species. I also wish to thank Messrs. R. Morimoto and K. Morimoto for their efforts in finding such a rare and interesting species of LeptaniZZa in Japan. -
Lach Et Al 2009 Ant Ecology.Pdf
Ant Ecology This page intentionally left blank Ant Ecology EDITED BY Lori Lach, Catherine L. Parr, and Kirsti L. Abbott 1 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX26DP Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York # Oxford University Press 2010 The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose the same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Data available Typeset by SPI Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India Printed in Great Britain on acid-free paper by CPI Antony Rowe, Chippenham, Wiltshire ISBN 978–0–19–954463–9 13579108642 Contents Foreword, Edward O. -
Ant Functional Group Succession Dynamics
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by ScholarBank@NUS ANT FUNCTIONAL GROUP SUCCESSION DYNAMICS CORRELATES WITH THE AGE OF VEGETATION SUCCESSION: DATA ANALYSIS OF WORLDWIDE STUDIES AND A CASE STUDY OF A SECONDARY TROPICAL RAIN FOREST IN SINGAPORE THAM KOON HUNG, ANDREW (B.Sc. (Hons.), NUS) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2006 a 0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My deepest gratitude to Associate Professor Li Daiqin, who not only guided me and kept me focused on this project but also allowed me the freedom to think and play with ideas. I will look back many years from now and wonder where I would have gone without him. My heartfelt thanks to members of the Spider Lab, whose friendship kept me young-at-heart, especially Jeremy Woon for all the “lunge” sessions, Matthew Lim for the “tech support”, Olivia Tan for evaluating the standards of my jokes, Seah Wee Khee for actually laughing at them, Chris Koh for the entertaining CDs. I thank Reuben Clements and Kelvin Peh for their patience and enormous help with data analysis, Darren Yeo for his initial advice on being an ant taxonomist, the National Parks Board, Chew Ping Ting and Benjamin Lee for approving the research permit, supplying the GIS data and guidance when I was lost in the jungle. To Faith, my precious daughter, for giving me the impetus to finish this thesis. To my ever-lovely, then-girlfriend and now wife, Geraldine, without whom I may never have had the belief in myself to do anything meaningful in life. -
Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Leptanillinae
ISSN 1997-3500 Myrmecological News myrmecologicalnews.org Myrmecol. News 31: 85-114 doi: 10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:085 8 April 2021 Original Article The head anatomy of Protanilla lini (Hymeno ptera: Formicidae: Leptanillinae), with a hypothesis of their mandibular movement Adrian Richter, Francisco Hita Garcia, Roberto A. Keller, Johan Billen, Julian Katzke, Brendon E. Boudinot, Evan P. Economo & Rolf G. Beutel Abstract The hypogaeic ant subfamilies Leptanillinae and Martialinae likely form the sister group to the remainder of the extant Formicidae. In order to increase the knowledge of anatomy and functional morphology of these unusual and phyloge- netically crucial ants, we document and describe in detail the cranium of a leptanilline, Protanilla lini Terayama, 2009. The mandibular articulation of the species differs greatly from that of other ants studied so far, and clearly represents a derived condition. We propose a mode of movement for the specialized mandibles that involves variable rotation and sophisticated locking mechanisms. While a wide opening gape and a unique articulation are characteristics of the mandibular movement of P. lini, the observed condition differs from the trap-jaw mechanisms occurring in other groups of ants, and we cannot, at present, confirm such a functional configuration. Protanilla lini displays hardly any plesiomorphies relative to the poneroformicine ants, with the possible exception of the absence of the torular apodeme. Instead, the species is characterized by a suite of apomorphic features related to its hypogaeic and specialized predatory lifestyle. This includes the loss of eyes and optic neuropils, a pronouncedly prognathous head, and the derived mandib- ular articulation. The present study is an additional stepping-stone on our way to reconstructing the cephalic ground plan of ants and will contribute to our understanding of ant evolution. -
Delimitation of Tribes in the Subfamily Leptanillinae (HymenoPtera: Formicidae), with a Description of the Male of Protanilla Lini Terayama, 2009 Zachary Griebenow
ISSN 1997-3500 Myrmecological News myrmecologicalnews.org Myrmecol. News 30: 229-250 doi: 10.25849/myrmecol.news_030:229 3 December 2020 Original Article Delimitation of tribes in the subfamily Leptanillinae (Hymeno ptera: Formicidae), with a description of the male of Protanilla lini Terayama, 2009 Zachary Griebenow Abstract The subfamily Leptanillinae Emery, 1910 (Hymeno ptera: Formicidae) is a clade of cryptic subterranean ants, which is restricted to the tropics and warm temperate regions of the Old World. Due to acquisition bias against the minute and hypogaeic workers, most known leptanilline specimens are male, with four genera described solely from males. The sexes have been associated in only two out of 69 described species, meaning that redundant naming of taxa is likely. Herein, the male of Protanilla lini Terayama, 2009 is associated with corresponding workers collected on Okinawa-jima, Japan, by means of genome-scale data, allowing the first published description of male ants belonging to the Anomalomyrmini Taylor, 1990, one of the two established tribes within the Leptanillinae. The first male-based diagnoses of these tribes are provided, based on a phylogeny of the Leptanillinae inferred from ultra-conserved elements using maximum-likelihood and Bayesian inference, along with a dichotomous key to all described male-based species within the Leptanillinae and to undescribed male morphospecies sequenced in this study. With molecular data enabling the association of separately collected sexes and phylogenomic inference contextualizing morphological observations, the parallel taxonomy that afflicts this enigmatic group of ants can begin to be resolved. Key words: Leptanillinae, Anomalomyrmini, male morphology, phylogenomics. Received 24 June 2020; revision received 29 September 2020; accepted 2 October 2020 Subject Editor: John S. -
The Ant Larvae of the Subfamily Leptanillinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)
THE ANT LARVAE OF THE SUBFAMILY LEPTANILLINAE (HYMENOPTERA, FORMICIDAE) BY GEORGE C. WHEELER AND JEANETTE WHEELER University o,f North Dakota, Grand Forks The Leptanillinae are a small subfamily comprising x4 species in 3 genera: Leptanilla Emery, species; Leptomesites Kutter, species; Phaulomyrma G. C. & E. W. Wheeler, 2 species. This subfamily has been recorded only from the warmer parts o the Old World: Corsica, Sardinia, North Africa, India, Malaya, Java, Queensland, Western Australia and Japan. Seemingly it is rare, but the paucity of the records may be due to minute size. and hypogeic habits. As W. M. "Wheeler optimistically remarked (932, P. 54) "We should expect careful collecting with the Berlese funnel to bring additional forms to light in South Africa, Madagascar, Asia Minor and India, or even, perhaps, in the warmer.parts of the New World." Brown (954, p- 28) noted: "The habits of the species are such as to render their discovery highly fortuitous under present collecting methods." In the 3o years since Wheeler wrote, only two species have been discovered (one in India and one in Japan), which would rather support another statement by Wheeler in the same article (p. 57-58): "The Leptanillinae... must be very ancient, like many other components of the microgenton L. swani is particularly interesting in this connection, because the extreme south- western corner of Australia, in which it was taken, is known to possess the oldest and least disturbed fauna ) any portion of the. continent." Antiquity is compatible with a disjunct distribution and with rarity. The genus Leptanilla was established by Emery in 87o and then or half a century was kicked about over the taxonomic table.