U.S. Army Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center Click to edit Master title style NATO Small Arms Ammunition ¾Click toInterchangeability edit Master text styles via Direct Evidence Testing ¾Second level 2007 NDIA Joint Service Small Arms TM ¾Third levelSystems Annual Symposium ¾Fourth level ¾Fifth level Lascelles A. Geddes III 9 May 2007 U.S Army ARDEC & U.S. Delegate to NATO NAAG AC/225 (LCG/1 – SG/1) Innovative Armaments Solutions for Today and Tomorrow 2 Innovative Armaments Solutions for Today and Tomorrow 1 NATO Sub-Group 1 Mission Click to edit Master title style ¾ The mission of SG/1 is to accomplish and ¾maintainClick to battlefieldedit Master interchangeability text styles of NATO small and medium caliber ammunition (and ¾ancillarySecond items) level through direct evidence testing at ¾NATOThird Certified level Test Centers ¾Fourth level ¾Fifth level 2 Sub-Group 1 Structure Click to edit Master title style Austria Belgium Canada Czech Denmark Estonia France Germany Greece Republic ¾Click to edit Master text styles Chairman Colonel Dirk Hemeryck (BELGIUM) Hungary International¾Second level Military Staff Secretary SG/1 NATO Land ¾Third levelEuropean 26 Member North Armaments Regional Test National Delegates American ¾FourthCenter level - ERTC & Several PFP Regional Test United States (Pendine, National Delegates Center - NARTC Wales, UK) (Independence, ¾Fifth level Missouri, USA) ERTC National Support Italy United Kingdom Superintendent Staff & NARTC Ammunition/ Superintendent Weapon Manufacturers Turkey Iceland Switzerland Sweden Spain Slovenia Slovakia Romania Norway Netherlands Lithuania 3 What is Interchangeability? Click to edit Master title style ¾ Interchangeability – Items possessing similar functional and physical characteristics that are equal in performance, and capable of being exchanged one for ¾theClick other to without edit Master alteration text styles ¾Second level – Interoperability – The ability of systems, units or forces to provide services to and accept services from other systems, ¾Thirdunits levelor forces and to use the services so exchanged to enable ¾Fourththem to level operate effectively together • Compatibility – Capability of two or more items or components of ¾Fifth equipmentlevel or material to exist or function in the same system or environment without mutual interference Standardization - Within NATO, the process of developing concepts, doctrines, procedures, and designs to achieve and maintain the most effective levels of compatibility, interoperability, interchangeability and commonality in the fields of operations, administration and materiel 4 NATO Design Mark Click to edit Master title style ¾Click to edit Master text styles ¾Second level ¾Third level ¾Fourth level ¾Fifth level The NATO Design Mark signifies that ammunition and ammunition in packages bearing this mark is manufactured to a design, which satisfies a NATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG) 5 NATO Symbols of Interchangeability Click to edit Master title style ¾Click to edit Master text styles ¾Second level ¾Third level ¾Fourth level ¾Fifth level Cartridge & Link Cartridge Only The NATO Symbol of Interchangeability is the only symbol that denotes that the packaged ammunition is interchangeable 6 Accomplishing Battlefield Interchangeability Click to edit Master title style ¾ Guidance from higher levels within NATO (NAAG, LCG/1) ¾¾DevelopClick to technical edit Master requirements text styles ¾¾DevelopSecond test level and inspection methods ¾Third level ¾ Conduct direct evidence testing to: ¾Fourth- Qualify level ammunition designs - Monitor designs in production ¾Fifth- Check level designs in storage ¾ Authorize the use of the NATO Symbol of Interchangeability ¾ Develop solutions to technical and procedural problems within the ammunition community 7 Battlefield Interchangeability Requirements Click to edit Master title style ¾ Proper Weapon Function ¾¾ClickSafety to of edit Gunner Master text styles ¾¾SecondAdequate level Terminal Effectiveness ¾Third level Without The Need For : ¾Fourth level ¾¾FifthWeapon level Adjustments ¾ Sight or Fire Control Adjustments ¾ Range or Mission Limitations ¾ Ammunition Repack 8 NATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG) Click to edit Master title style ¾ A STANAG is an agreement among several or all NATO nations to standardize, for the use of the NATO Armed Forces, the essential characteristics of various small and ¾mediumClick caliberto edit linked Master ammunition text styles types to ensure ¾interchangeabilitySecond level on the battlefield ¾ ¾EachThird STANAG level contains performance requirements only, it does not address sample sizes or accept/reject criteria ¾Fourth level ¾ Each STANAG contains drawings outlining the exterior ¾cartridgeFifth leveland case dimensions and characteristics ¾ STANAGs are NOT intended to be utilized for acquisition ¾ STANAGs are NOT intended to take the place of a national specification 9 Standardization Drawing Click to edit Master title style ¾Click to edit Master text styles ¾Second level ¾Third level ¾Fourth level ¾Fifth level 10 Manual Of Proof & Inspection (MOPI) Click to edit Master title style ¾ There is an accompanying MOPI for each STANAG (caliber) ¾ The MOPI details the type of testing to be conducted to ¾ensureClick that to the edit ammunition Master meetstext styles the requirements of the appropriate STANAG ¾ ¾TheSecond MOPI prescribes level the uniform test methods, inspection procedures and equipment needed to perform the subject ¾testing/inspectionThird level ¾ ¾TheFourth MOPI includes level sample sizes and accept/reject criteria for each test/inspection ¾Fifth level ¾ Sub-Group 1 is the only group within NATO to create and utilize these manuals to ensure functional interchangeability on the battlefield ¾ The NATO MOPIs are used throughout government/industry and have become THE standard for test procedures in the ammunition community 11 NATO Qualification Approval (QA) Click to edit Master title style ¾ Conducted once for each ammunition design (and link if applicable) to confirm compliance with the STANAG & MOPI ¾Click to edit Master text styles ¾¾TheSecond submitting level NATO nation shall have declared the ammunition design safe and suitable for use by their armed ¾forcesThird and level have already procured or produced the ammunition ¾Fourth level ¾ A NATO design number identifies the qualified design and ¾thenFifth the level submitting NATO nation is granted authority to apply the NATO Symbol of Interchangeability to the outer pack of all ammunition ¾ It is NOT possible for manufacturers or non-NATO nations to submit ammunition for NATO QA testing 12 Application Click to edit Master title style ¾Click to edit Master text styles ¾Second level ¾Third level ¾Fourth level ¾Fifth level 13 NATO Production Test (PT) Click to edit Master title style ¾ Conducted yearly to ensure that production of qualified designs continues to comply with the STANAG ¾ ¾If aClick sample to is edit not submitted, Master textthen current/futurestyles production ¾cannotSecond be marked level with the NATO Symbol ¾ When more than one manufacturer produces the same ¾qualifiedThird design,level a sample from each manufacturer must be submitted for separate PTs ¾ ¾SG/1Fourth maintains level an official list of qualified designs which also shows if the design is active (in production) or passive (no ¾longerFifth in levelproduction) ¾ Each NATO nation must complete a National Activity Report which demonstrates their level of activity ¾ It is NOT possible for manufacturers or non-NATO nations to independently submit ammunition for NATO Production Testing 14 NATO Production Test Failures Click to edit Master title style ¾ Failure of the ammunition to meet the STANAG & MOPI requirements will result in the following: ¾–Click Suspend to theedit NATO Master qualified text status styles of the ammunition produced since the last successful PT ¾Second level – Prohibit the use of the NATO Symbol of Interchangeability ¾Thirduntil a levelnew sample has passed the PT – Remove the NATO Symbol of Interchangeability or ¾Fourthconstrain/ level quarantine the affected ammunition from issue to any NATO multi-national forces ¾Fifth level – Present the results of the failed PT to SG/1 for a decision on the acceptability of previous production and use of the NATO Symbol of Interchangeability on following production – Submit a new PT sample when issue has been resolved/corrected 15 NATO Surveillance Test Click to edit Master title style ¾ Conducted after specified storage intervals (10, 15, 20 years) ¾to Clickensure to that edit ammunition Master bearing text styles the NATO Symbol of ¾InterchangeabilitySecond level continues to meet NATO requirements ¾ ¾FailureThird of levelthe ammunition to meet the NATO requirements requires the NATO nation to remove the NATO Symbol of ¾InterchangeabilityFourth level or constrain/quarantine the affected ¾ammunitionFifth level from issue to any NATO multi-national forces 16 How SG/1 Proves Interchangeability Click to edit Master title style ¾ Interior Ballistics ¾–Click Chamber to edit& Port Master Pressure text / Velocity styles / Action Time ¾¾ExteriorSecond Ballistics level ¾–Third Precision level / Trace / Trajectory Match / Penetration ¾ Manufacturing Quality ¾–Fourth Waterproof level / Bullet Extraction / Residual Stress ¾¾EnergeticFifth level Materials – Propellant & Primer Analysis / Primer Sensitivity ¾ Weapon Function 17 Tests Conducted For NATO Small Caliber Ammunition Click to edit Master title style QUALIFICATION