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University Micrrifilms International 300 N INFORMATION TO USERS This was produced from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or “target” for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “Missing Page(s)”. If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure you of complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark it is an indication that the film inspector noticed either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, or duplicate copy. 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ZEEB ROAD, ANN ARBOR, Ml 48106 18 BEDFORD ROW, LONDON WC1 R 4EJ, ENGLAND 7908172 LINCOLN, JENNIE HAY KAH LAND TO THE PEASANTS: THE PERUVIAN MILITARY IN ACTION - AN AGRARIAN REFORM POLICY STUDY. THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY, PH.D., 1978 University Microfilms International 300 n. zeeb road, ann arbor, mi 48io6 LAND TO THE PEASANTS: THE PERUViAN MILITARY IN ACTION - An Agrarian Reform Policy Study - DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Jennie Kah Lincoln, A.B., M.A. ***** The Ohio State University 1978 Reading Committee: Approved By William Liddle Terry L. McCoy Adviser ------ Donald VanMeter Department of Political Science ACKNOWLEDGMENTS From the time this study was originally designed to the time that the last few pages were being proofread, many people gave me inspiration and kind assistance. My research in Peru would have been impossible if several individuals had not been willing to open dusty file cabinets and to pour through working papers to help shed light on some question concerning the m ilitary government and the agrarian reform in Peru. ■ The Research Director of CENCIRA, Pedro Ortiz, and the librarians at /• the CENCIRA Library were especially helpful. The family of Luis Echevarria opened their home to me for my stay in Lima and treated me as a daughter and sister. To the many administrators who consented to interviews I am deeply in debt for the workings of government are not always explained by numbers and documents. My adviser, Terry McCoy, has been most helpful with guidance and suggestions for this study. His knowledge of Latin American politics and his dedication to his students have served as an inspiration to me. For the final preparation of the manuscript I wish to thank my typist, Elayne B leill, who remained calm and unflustered during my frantic moments. To my family I say a special thank-you for their steadfast support. Lastly, to my dear husband, Frank, my deepest thanks for his support of my academic endeavors--in theory AND in practice. VITA January 11, 1950 .... Born - Portsmouth, Ohio 1971 ........................................ A.B., Centre College o f Kentucky, Danville, Kentucky 1.971-1974 . ..................... Graduate Research Associate, Mershon Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1973 ......................................... Graduate Teaching Associate, Department of Political Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1974 ........................................ M.A., The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1974 ........................................ Field Research - Lima, Peru 1977-78 ................................ Instructor, Department of Sociology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 1978 ........................................ Research Associate, Comparative Research on Events of Nations (CREON) Project, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio PRESENTATIONS "The Military Government in Peru: Can Military Reformism Succeed Where Civilian Reformism Failed?" Clark Foundation Lectureship, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, November 18-19, 1977. "Military Leadership in Peru: The Military as Governing Executive." Presented at the International Studies Association, Washington, D.C., February 22-26, 1978. iii <x TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS................................. ii VITA.............................................................................................................. i ii LIST OF TABLES....................................................................................................... vi LIST OF FIGURES ■ . viii INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter '• I. THE STUDY OF PUBLIC POLICY AND THE POLICY PROCESS .... 8 Research Strategy for a Policy Study .......................................... 14 Public Policy and the Policy Process in Developing Nations: Latin America . ................................................... 16 II. THE MILITARY IN LATIN AMERICAN POLITICS.......................................... 26 Historical Role of the M ilitary as a Non-Ruling Political Actor .................................................................................... 27 Military. Intervention ........................................................................... 30 Types of Military Governments ........................................................ 42 The Role of the M ilitary as Governing Executive in the Policy Process ...................................................................... 44 III. AGRARIAN REFORM 1963-1968: THE BELAUNDE YEARS ...... 50 Prelude to Reform: The Physical and Social Setting . 50 Prelude to Reform: the Political and Economic S e t t i n g .................................................................................... 59 Agrarian Reform Under Belaunde: Policy Environment . 74 Agrarian Reform: Policy Formulation .................................... 88 Agrarian Reform Law 15037: Policy Content .........................................91 Agrarian Reform: Implementation .... ................... ... 94 Agrarian Reform Results ...................................................................... 104 Sum m ary................................................... 107 iv 3 Chapter Page IV. AGRARIAN REFORM 1968-1975: THE VELASCO YEARS ........................ 109 Evolution of the Peruvian Military as a Modernizing Reformer .......................................................................... 109 Agrarian Reform: Policy Formulation .......................................... 123 Agrarian Reform Law 17716: Policy Contents .......................... 124 Agrarian Reform: Policy Implementation . ........................ 131 Agrarian Reform: Policy Results ................................................... 145 Sum m ary........................................................................................................... 162 V. CONCLUSION: THE IMPACT OF THE PERUVIAN MILITARY GOVERNMENT UPON THE AGRARIAN REFORM ............................................ 165 Discussion of Hypotheses ...................................................................... 167 Peru Since Velasco ........................... 173 LIST OF REFERENCES..................................... 178 v LIST OF TABLES Table Page. 1. Socioeconomic and Political vels of the Coast and S i e r r a ............................................................................................................... 55 2. Land Use (T Ha.), 1961 56 3. Land Tenure Pattern 1961 . ............................................................ 57 4. Land Distribution by Region and Type of Farm* 1961 . 58 5. 1962 Presidential Election Returns ............................................... 69 6. 1962 Congressional Election Returns ....................... 69 7. Public Investment, 1960-67 77 8. Balance of Payments, 1960-67 - ........................... 79 9. Index of Agricultural and Food Production, 1K5-1969 . 85 10. Exports and Imports, 1962-1965 86 11. Agrarian Reform Law 15037 (1964): Expropriation and Compensation ........................................................................................ 92 12. Agrarian Reform Policy Outputs 1968 ............................................... 105 13. Attendance at the CAEM and Promotion to Genen.-! (1952-1962) ...................................................................................................... 113 14. Classification of Lands Subject to Agrarian ifeform . 126 15. Distribution of Personnel
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