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Home , Vibrio vulnificus

INFECTION AND IMMUNITY

Volume 75 September 2007 No. 9

SPOTLIGHT

Articles of Significant Interest Selected from This Issue by 4189 the Editors

MINIREVIEWS Effect of Host Lactate on Gonococci and Meningococci: New Harry Smith, Christoph M.Tang, 4190–4198 Concepts on the Role of Metabolites in Pathogenicity and Rachel M. Exley Enteropathogenic and Enterohemorrhagic Jay L. Mellies, Alex M. S. Barron, 4199–4210 Virulence Gene Regulation and Anna M. Carmona

MOLECULAR PATHOGENESIS Autoinducer 2 Is Required for Biofilm Growth of Hanjuan Shao, Richard J. Lamont, 4211–4218 Aggregatibacter () actinomycetemcomitans and Donald R. Demuth Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Metabolism and the Influence Yefei Zhu, Elizabeth C. Weiss, 4219–4226 of Arginine on Polysaccharide Intercellular Adhesin Michael Otto, Paul D. Fey, Mark S. Synthesis, Biofilm Formation, and Pathogenesis Smeltzer, and Greg A. Somerville Coordinated Expression of Borrelia burgdorferi Complement Tomasz Bykowski, Michael E. 4227–4236 Regulator-Acquiring Surface Proteins during the Lyme Woodman, Anne E. Cooley, Disease Spirochete’s Mammal-Tick Infection Cycle Catherine A. Brissette, Volker Brade, Reinhard Wallich, Peter Kraiczy, and Brian Stevenson Role of Outer Surface Protein D in the Borrelia burgdorferi Xin Li, Girish Neelakanta, 4237–4244 Life Cycle Xianzhong Liu, Deborah S. Beck, Fred S. Kantor, Durland Fish, John F. Anderson, and Erol Fikrig Fate of a Burkholderia pseudomallei S. Arjcharoen, C. Wikraiphat, M. 4298–4304 Mutant in the Mouse Macrophage Cell Line RAW 264.7: Pudla, K. Limposuwan, D. E. Possible Role for the O-Antigenic Polysaccharide Moiety of Woods, S. Sirisinha, and P. Lipopolysaccharide in Internalization and Intracellular Utaisincharoen Survival L-Arginine Availability Regulates Inducible Nitric Oxide Rupesh Chaturvedi, Mohammad 4305–4315 Synthase-Dependent Host Defense against Asim, Nuruddeen D. Lewis, Holly M. Scott Algood, Timothy L. Cover, Preston Y. Kim, and Keith T. Wilson Identification of Gene Products Involved in Biofilm Melanie M. Pearson and Eric J. 4316–4325 Production by ETSU-9 In Vitro Hansen The Chymotrypsin-Like Protease Complex of Treponema Caroline V. Bamford, J. Christopher 4364–4372 denticola ATCC 35405 Mediates Fibrinogen Adherence and Fenno, Howard F. Jenkinson, and Degradation David Dymock Transcriptional Regulation of the Heme Binding Protein James M. Battisti, Laura S. 4373–4385 Gene Family of quintana Is Accomplished by a Smitherman, Kate N. Sappington, Novel Promoter Element and Iron Response Regulator Nermi L. Parrow, Rahul Raghavan, and Michael F. Minnick Influence of the Cpx Extracytoplasmic-Stress-Responsive Katrin E. Carlsson, Junfa Liu, Petra 4386–4399 Pathway on Yersinia sp.-Eukaryotic Cell Contact J. Edqvist, and Matthew S. Francis Serogroup-Related Escape of YopE Moritz Hentschke, Konrad Tru¨lzsch, 4423–4431 from Degradation by the Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway Ju¨rgen Heesemann, Martin Aepfelbacher, and Klaus Ruckdeschel

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Translocation of ExsE into Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells Is Mark L. Urbanowski, Evan D. 4432–4439 Required for Transcriptional Induction of the Pseudomonas Brutinel, and Timothy L. Yahr aeruginosa Type III Secretion System A Second Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Gang Yue, Jeffrey B. Kaplan, David 4440–4448 Autotransporter Adhesin Exhibits Specificity for Buccal Furgang, Keith G. Mansfield, and Epithelial Cells in Humans and Old World Primates Daniel H. Fine Enterococcal Leucine-Rich Repeat-Containing Protein Sophie Brinster, Brunella Posteraro, 4463–4471 Involved in Virulence and Host Inflammatory Response He´le`ne Bierne, Adriana Alberti, Samira Makhzami, Maurizio Sanguinetti, and Pascale Serror Interaction between Leukotoxin and Cu,Zn Superoxide Nataliya V. Balashova, Diane H. 4490–4497 Dismutase in Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Park, Jigna K. Patel, David H. Figurski, and Scott C. Kachlany Bacillus anthracis Spores of the bclA Mutant Exhibit Joel Bozue, Krishna L. Moody, 4498–4505 Increased Adherence to Epithelial Cells, Fibroblasts, and Christopher K. Cote, Bradley G. Endothelial Cells but Not to Macrophages Stiles, Arthur M. Friedlander, Susan L. Welkos, and Martha L. Hale Glutathione-Dependent Alcohol Dehydrogenase AdhC Is Stephen P. Kidd, Donald Jiang, 4506–4513 Required for Defense against Nitrosative Stress in Michael P. Jennings, and Alastair G. influenzae McEwan Inactivation of traP Has No Effect on the Agr Quorum- Lindsey N. Shaw, Ing-Marie 4519–4527 Sensing System or Virulence of Staphylococcus aureus Jonsson, Vineet K. Singh, Andrej Tarkowski, and George C. Stewart Mutation of traP in Staphylococcus aureus Has No Impact on Laura H. Tsang, Sonja T. Daily, 4528–4533 Expression of agr or Biofilm Formation Elizabeth C. Weiss, and Mark S. Smeltzer A Nonsense Mutation in agrA Accounts for the Defect in agr Rajan P. Adhikari, Staffan Arvidson, 4534–4540 Expression and the Avirulence of Staphylococcus aureus 8325- and Richard P. Novick 4 traP::kan Identification and Characterization of Small Molecules That Jose B. Saenz, Teresa A. Doggett, 4552–4561 Inhibit Intracellular Toxin Transport and David B. Haslam ␴B and the ␴B-Dependent arlRS and yabJ-spoVG Loci Affect Stefan Meier, Christiane Goerke, 4562–4571 Capsule Formation in Staphylococcus aureus Christiane Wolz, Kati Seidl, Dagmar Homerova, Bettina Schulthess, Jan Kormanec, Brigitte Berger-Ba¨chi, and Markus Bischoff Contribution of a Novel Gene, rpeA, Encoding a Putative Denisse L. Leyton, Louise M. 4664–4669 Autotransporter Adhesin to Intestinal Colonization by Adams, Michelle Kelly, Joan Sloan, Rabbit-Specific Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Marija Tauschek, Roy M. Robins- Browne, and Elizabeth L. Hartland

CELLULAR MICROBIOLOGY: -HOST CELL MOLECULAR INTERACTIONS Pneumolysin Causes Neuronal Cell Death through Johann S. Braun, Olaf Hoffmann, 4245–4254 Mitochondrial Damage Miriam Schickhaus, Dorette Freyer, Emilie Dagand, Daniela Bermpohl, Tim J. Mitchell, Ingo Bechmann, and Joerg R. Weber The Apicomplexan Pathogen Neospora caninum Inhibits Host Rebecca K. Herman, Robert E. 4255–4262 Cell Apoptosis in the Absence of Discernible NF-␬B Molestina, Anthony P. Sinai, and Activation Daniel K. Howe Inhibits Apoptosis in Human THP-1 Cells Daniel E. Voth, Dale Howe, and 4263–4271 and Monkey Primary Alveolar Macrophages Robert A. Heinzen Protease-Activated Receptor 2 Mediates Human Beta- Henrik Dommisch, Whasun O. 4326–4333 Defensin 2 and CC Chemokine Ligand 20 mRNA Expression Chung, Maryam G. Rohani, David in Response to Proteases Secreted by Porphyromonas Williams, Minnie Rangarajan, Mike gingivalis A. Curtis, and Beverly A. Dale

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Viable “Haemophilus somnus” Induces Myosin Light-Chain E. Behling-Kelly, David 4572–4581 Kinase-Dependent Decrease in Brain Endothelial Cell McClenahan, K. S. Kim, and C. J. Monolayer Resistance Czuprynski

BACTERIAL INFECTIONS Increasing the Interaction of Borrelia burgdorferi with Qilong Xu, Sunita V. Seemanaplli, 4272–4281 Decorin Significantly Reduces the 50 Percent Infectious Kristy McShan, and Fang Ting Dose and Severely Impairs Dissemination Liang Development and Application of an Oral Challenge Mouse Mariano E. Fernandez-Miyakawa, 4282–4288 Model for Studying perfringens Type D Infection Sameera Sayeed, Derek J. Fisher, Rachael Poon, Vicki Adams, Julian I. Rood, Bruce A. McClane, Julian Saputo, and Francisco A. Uzal Lesion Formation and Antibody Response Induced by Margaret K. Elliott, David P. Alt, 4400–4408 Papillomatous Digital -Associated Spirochetes in and Richard L. Zuerner a Murine Model SalY of the pyogenes Lantibiotic Locus Is Hilary A. Phelps and Melody N. 4541–4551 Required for Full Virulence and Intracellular Survival in Neely Macrophages Expression and Characterization of an Iron-Regulated Swapna Asuthkar, Sridhar Velineni, 4582–4591 Hemin-Binding Protein, HbpA, from Leptospira interrogans Johannes Stadlmann, Friedrich Serovar Lai Altmann, and Manjula Sritharan vulnificus Damages Macrophages during the Early Takahiro Tsuchiya, Eriko Mitsuo, 4592–4596 Phase of Infection Nahoko Hayashi, Yuuko Hikita, Hiroshi Nakao, Shigeo Yamamoto, Katsushiro Miyamoto, and Hiroshi Tsujibo Differential Effects of Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, and Tarun Bansal, Derek Englert, Jintae 4597–4607 Indole on Escherichia coli O157:H7 Chemotaxis, Lee, Manjunath Hegde, Thomas K. Colonization, and Gene Expression Wood, and Arul Jayaraman

HOST RESPONSE AND INFLAMMATION Pneumococcal Cell Wall-Induced Meningitis Impairs Adult Olaf Hoffmann, Cordula Mahrhofer, 4289–4297 Hippocampal Neurogenesis Nina Rueter, Dorette Freyer, Bettina Bert, Heidrun Fink, and Joerg R. Weber Expression of the Programmed Death Ligand 1, B7-H1, on Ellen J. Beswick, Irina V. Pinchuk, 4334–4341 Gastric Epithelial Cells after Helicobacter pylori Exposure Soumita Das, Don W. Powell, and Promotes Development of CD4؉ CD25؉ FoxP3؉ Regulatory Victor E. Reyes T Cells The Capsule Encoding the viaB Locus Reduces Interleukin- Manuela Raffatellu, Renato L. 4342–4350 17 Expression and Mucosal Innate Responses in the Bovine Santos, Daniela Chessa, R. Paul Intestinal Mucosa during Infection with Wilson, Sebastian E. Winter, Carlos Serotype Typhi A. Rossetti, Sara D. Lawhon, Hiutung Chu, Tsang Lau, Charles L. Bevins, L. Garry Adams, and Andreas J. Ba¨umler Borrelia garinii Induces CXCL13 Production in Human Tobias A. Rupprecht, Carsten J. 4351–4356 Monocytes through Toll-Like Receptor 2 Kirschning, Bernadette Popp, Stefan Kastenbauer, Volker Fingerle, Hans-Walter Pfister, and Uwe Koedel Upregulation of CCL20 and Recruitment of CCR6؉ Gastric Yi-Ying Wu, Hwei-Fang Tsai, We- 4357–4363 Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Helicobacter pylori Gastritis Cheng Lin, Ping-I Hsu, Chia-Tung Shun, Ming-Shiang Wu, and Ping- Ning Hsu

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Neisserial Outer Membrane Vesicles Bind the Coinhibitory Hannah S. W. Lee, Ian C. Boulton, 4449–4455 Receptor Carcinoembryonic Antigen-Related Cellular Karen Reddin, Henry Wong, Denise ,Adhesion Molecule 1 and Suppress CD4؉ T Lymphocyte Halliwell, Ofer Mandelboim Function Andrew R. Gorringe, and Scott D. Gray-Owen

Helicobacter pylori VacA Enhances Prostaglandin E2 Junzo Hisatsune, Eiki Yamasaki, 4472–4481 Production through Induction of Cyclooxygenase 2 Masaaki Nakayama, Daisuke Expression via a p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Shirasaka, Hisao Kurazono, Yohtaro Kinase/Activating Transcription Factor 2 Cascade in Katagata, Hiroyasu Inoue, Jiahuai AZ-521 Cells Han, Jan Sap, Kinnosuke Yahiro, Joel Moss, and Toshiya Hirayama Relative Importance of T-Cell Subsets in Monocytotropic Nahed Ismail, Emily C. Crossley, 4608–4620 : a Novel Effector Mechanism Involved in Heather L. Stevenson, and David H. Ehrlichia-Induced Immunopathology in Murine Ehrlichiosis Walker Chemokine Signatures in the Skin Disorders of Lyme Robert R. Mu¨llegger, Terry K. 4621–4628 Borreliosis in Europe: Predominance of CXCL9 and Means, Junghee J. Shin, Marshall CXCL10 in Erythema Migrans and Acrodermatitis and Lee, Kathryn L. Jones, Lisa J. CXCL13 in Lymphocytoma Glickstein, Andrew D. Luster, and Allen C. Steere

FUNGAL AND PARASITIC INFECTIONS Developmental Stage- and Cell Cycle Number-Dependent SubbaRao V. Madhunapantula, 4409–4415 Changes in Characteristics of Plasmodium falciparum- Rajeshwara N. Achur, and D. Infected Erythrocyte Adherence to Placental Chondroitin-4- Channe Gowda Sulfate Proteoglycan Antibodies Elicited by the Bovine Lungworm, Dictyocaulus Frans N. J. Kooyman, Erik de Vries, 4456–4462 viviparus, Cross-React with Platelet-Activating Factor Harm W. Ploeger, and Jos P. M. van Putten Mast Cell-Mediated Changes in Smooth Muscle Erqiu Li, Aiping Zhao, Terez Shea- 4514–4518 Contractility during Mouse Giardiasis Donohue, and Steven M. Singer Comparisons of Mutants Lacking the Golgi UDP-Galactose Althea A. Capul, Suzanne 4629–4637 or GDP-Mannose Transporters Establish that Hickerson, Tamara Barron, Phosphoglycans Are Important for Promastigote but Not Salvatore J. Turco, and Stephen M. Amastigote Virulence in Leishmania major Beverley Leish-111f, a Recombinant Polyprotein Vaccine That Rhea N. Coler, Yasuyuki Goto, Lisa 4648–4654 Protects against Visceral Leishmaniasis by Elicitation of Bogatzki, Vanitha Raman, and CD4؉ T Cells Steven G. Reed Heligmosomoides polygyrus Promotes Regulatory T-Cell Tommy Setiawan, Ahmed Metwali, 4655–4663 Cytokine Production in the Murine Normal Distal Intestine Arthur M. Blum, M. Nedim Ince, Joseph F. Urban, Jr., David E. Elliott, and Joel V. Weinstock

MICROBIAL IMMUNITY AND VACCINES Comparative Role of Immunoglobulin A in Protective Daniel N. Wolfe, Girish S. 4416–4422 Immunity against the Bordetellae Kirimanjeswara, Elizabeth M. Goebel, and Eric T. Harvill Differential CD28 and Inducible Costimulatory Molecule Ellen Marks, Martina Verolin, 4638–4647 Signaling Requirements for Protective CD4؉ T-Cell- Anneli Stensson, and Nils Lycke Mediated Immunity against Genital Tract trachomatis Infection

MOLECULAR GENOMICS Genetic Basis for the New Pneumococcal Serotype, 6C In Ho Park, Saeyoung Park, Susan 4482–4489 K. Hollingshead, and Moon H. Nahm

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ERRATA Antigen-Specific CD4؉ T Cells Recognize Epitopes of Elsa M. Laughlin, Joseph D. Miller, 4670 Protective Antigen following Vaccination with an Anthrax Eddie James, Dimitri Fillos, Chris Vaccine C. Ibegbu, Robert S. Mittler, Rama Akondy, William Kwok, Rafi Ahmed, and Gerald Nepom Genome Sequence of a Clinical Isolate of Campylobacter Fre´de´ric Poly, Timothy Read, David 4671 jejuni from Thailand R. Tribble, Shahida Baqar, Maria Lorenzo, and Patricia Guerry

Cover photograph (Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.): Pseudocolored transmission electron micrograph (magnification, ϫ 4,000) showing a Vero cell infected for 8 days with Coxiella burnetii, an obligate intracellular bacterium and the agent of human . C. burnetii-directed development of its large parasitophorous vacuole (green), a process presumably aided by the potent antiapoptotic properties of the organism, occurs without obvious detrimental effects to the host. (The image was provided by Elizabeth Fischer of the Research Technologies Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories Microscopy Unit.) (See related article on p. 4263.)