DOCSLIB.ORG

Paul Mason THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Paul Mason THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK sharks in danger Paul Mason THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Thanks to the creative team: Senior Editor: Alice Peebles Fact Checking: Tom Jackson Picture Research: Nic Dean Design: Perfect Bound Ltd Original edition copyright 2017 by Hungry Tomato Ltd. Copyright © 2018 by Lerner Publishing Group, Inc. Hungry Tomato® is a trademark of Lerner Publishing Group All rights reserved. International copyright secured. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise—without the prior written permission of Lerner Publishing Group, Inc., except for the inclusion of brief quotations in an acknowledged review. Hungry Tomato® A division of Lerner Publishing Group, Inc. 241 First Avenue North Minneapolis, MN 55401 USA For reading levels and more information, look up this title at www.lernerbooks.com. Main body text set in Avenir Next Condensed Medium 11/15. Typeface provided by Linotype AG. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Cataloging-in-Publication Data for Sharks in Danger is on file at the Library of Congress. ISBN 978-1-5124-5977-7 (lib. bdg.) ISBN 978-1-5124-9879-0 (eb pdf) Manufactured in the United States of America 1-43036-27705-8/9/2017 by Paul Mason Minneapolis CONTENTS HUMANS VS. SHARKS 6 WHO NEEDS SHARKS ANYWAY? 8 SHARK FINNING 10 BIG-GAME AND COMMERCIAL FISHING 12 BYCATCH 14 PROTECTIVE NETTING 16 SHARK TOURISM 18 SHARK REPRODUCTION 20 SHARK NURSERIES 22 OCEAN POLLUTION 24 SAVING OUR SHARKS 26 SEVEN INCREDIBLE SHARK FACTS 28 VISITING WITH SHARKS 30 GLOSSARY 31 INDEX 32 HUMANS VS. SHARKS Most of us are scared of sharks, but there is no real reason why we should be. Only a tiny number of people each year are attacked by sharks. WHALE SHARK For the sharks, it is a different story. Sharks have very good reason to be scared of humans. We kill millions of sharks each year. Almost all are from species that are no danger to humans. The exact numbers are changing all the time, but the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) says that: l About 10 different types of shark are critically endangered. They are soon likely to become extinct in the wild. l Roughly 15 types of shark are endangered, including great hammerheads. There is a strong possibility that they will soon disappear from our seas. l Close to 40 different species of shark are vulnerable, including whale sharks and great whites. This means they may become extinct in a few years’ time, if action is not taken. We shouldn’t be scared OF sharks. We should be scared FOR them. 6 Critically endangered sharks in 2017 included the: ANGEL SHARK Mediterranean, northeastern Atlantic The angel shark, smoothback angel shark, and sawback angel shark are all threatened by overfishing. DAGGERNOSE SHARK Northern South America Fishing is thought to reduce the number of daggernose sharks by 18 percent each year. It took just 10 years for over 90% of the population to be wiped out. GANGES SHARK India This river shark is threatened by overfishing and pollution. It is also losing habitat as dams are built on the rivers where it lives. IRRAWADDY RIVER SHARK Myanmar The mangrove forests where this shark hunts are steadily being cut down. The rivers it lives in have also become polluted. NEW GUINEA RIVER SHARK Northern Australia, possibly New Guinea A whale shark swims Threatened by overfishing, there are along, gathering thought to be only about 250 of these sharks left. small sea creatures into its giant mouth PONDICHERRY SHARK as it goes. China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Oman, Pakistan Last caught and identified by experts in 1979, this species may now actually be extinct. NATAL SHYSHARK South Africa This shark lives close to the coast in a very small area of Kwa-Zulu Natal where industry and development are threatening its habitat. 7 WHO NEEDS SHARKS ANYWAY? We ALL need sharks. They are a crucial part of life in our oceans. If sharks disappear, the balance of the ocean world is upset. Apex Predators Many sharks are apex predators. This means that they are not usually hunted by any other animal. If the number of apex predators declines, it harms the natural environment. The examples on this page and opposite show how this can happen. Tiger sharks are apex predators. Seabirds are part of their diet. If the tiger shark population falls, the number of seabirds goes up. Tuna numbers fall, affecting fish such as marlin that feed on tuna. Seabirds eat young tuna. If there are more seabirds, more Fewer young young tuna get tuna then grow eaten. up to replace older fish as they die. 8 Sharks and Scallops On the Atlantic coast of the United States, shark numbers have recently fallen because of overfishing. This has led to an increase in cow-nosed rays, which the sharks would normally eat. Cow- nosed rays love scallops, a tasty shellfish. So with more cow-nosed rays, there are fewer scallops. Sharks and Reefs Experts have discovered that having sharks around helps keep coral reefs healthy. When shark numbers fall, fewer large fish, such as grouper, are eaten. The grouper eat smaller fish such as parrot fish. Parrot fish are important for keeping the reef healthy because they eat algae. Without enough parrot fish to eat algae, the reef becomes choked with algae and unhealthy. Shark Science: Food Chain A food chain is a group of living things that depend on each other for food. At the bottom are small plants and animals. These are eaten by other animals. They in turn are eaten by larger, fiercer predators. At the top of the food chain are the apex predators. 9 SEVEN INCREDIBLE SHARK FACTS You would be REALLY unlucky to be bitten by a shark 1Most victims of shark attacks are surfers. Even so, a surfer in California (where some of the most serious attacks have taken place) has a one- in-seventeen-million chance of being bitten. They are actually more likely to win the lottery. Humans kill over 100,000 sharks a day for their fins . 2 . that’s 4,000 sharks every hour or 66.6 sharks every minute. So we kill at least one shark a second, every second of every day of the year. Shark fins are a multi-million-dollar industry 3 Most sharks are killed for their fins, which can sell for over $450 per pound. They are used in a soup that is a traditional dish at Chinese weddings and New Year celebrations. In restaurants, a single bowl can cost over $200. Shark fins don’t have much taste You cannot taste the fin in shark fin soup. It is added because of how it feels 4to crunch or chew on. Shark fins also have no nutritional value, so eating them really does 28 seem pointless. Sharks have amazing immune systems 5 Scientists are uncertain just how a shark’s immune system works, but it does seem to be very effective. Sharks are rarely ill. Studying shark immune systems may one day help human medicine. A single (live) shark can be worth nearly $2 million In Palau, an island in the Pacific Ocean, reef sharks live in places where divers can almost always see them. Shark tourists spend so much 6money in Palau that, in its 16-year life, a single shark could be worth nearly $2 million to the local economy. No wonder Palau declared itself the world’s first shark sanctuary in 2009. There are 15 shark sanctuaries around the world By 2017, shark fishing had been banned in 15 areas around the world. These shark sancturies are all in the southwest Pacific 7Ocean or near the Caribbean Sea. 29 VISITING WITH SHARKS Some aquariums have sharks you can watch swimming around. But for a true shark fan, nothing beats the thrill of seeing sharks swimming in the wild. Here are some of the top places to do that—and remember always to go with a responsible, licensed operator. UNITED STATES BAHAMAS FIJI From June to November, Bimini in the Bahamas is home Fiji’s Beqa Lagoon is a prime shortfin mako sharks head for to the Bimini Shark Lab. The area shark-diving location, but southern California in search is famous for bull sharks and this is not a place for the of food. This is one of the best hammerheads. This is a great nervous! The sharks here places to spot these amazing place to see sharks in the wild include bull sharks, tigers, predators. They are often seen and to find out about the Lab’s and large lemon sharks—as swimming near blue sharks, shark conservation research. well as less scary whitetip also common in the area. and blacktip reef sharks. MEXICO Mexico’s Yucután Peninsula boasts all kinds of sea life, including humpback whales and whale sharks (see page 19). MALDIVES The Maldive islands COSTA RICA SOUTH AFRICA are surrounded by AUSTRALIA Cocos Island, off Great whites swim the warm, shallow sea, The Neptune Islands, Costa Rica, is known seas of the Cape region, perfect for marine off South Australia, for huge schools of while the Aliwal Shoal, life. Maaya Thila is are famous for great hundreds of scalloped off KwaZulu-Natal, is a protected marine white sharks. Visitors hammerheads. Divers a breeding ground for environment where can dive with Shark can regularly watch sand tiger sharks. divers often swim Expeditions, founded the hammerheads, Whale sharks can be with whitetip reef by Rodney Fox, a great as well as whitetip seen off South Africa’s sharks and other white expert and reef sharks.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Extinction Risk and Conservation of the World's Sharks and Rays
    RESEARCH ARTICLE elife.elifesciences.org Extinction risk and conservation of the world’s sharks and rays Nicholas K Dulvy1,2*, Sarah L Fowler3, John A Musick4, Rachel D Cavanagh5, Peter M Kyne6, Lucy R Harrison1,2, John K Carlson7, Lindsay NK Davidson1,2, Sonja V Fordham8, Malcolm P Francis9, Caroline M Pollock10, Colin A Simpfendorfer11,12, George H Burgess13, Kent E Carpenter14,15, Leonard JV Compagno16, David A Ebert17, Claudine Gibson3, Michelle R Heupel18, Suzanne R Livingstone19, Jonnell C Sanciangco14,15, John D Stevens20, Sarah Valenti3, William T White20 1IUCN Species Survival Commission Shark Specialist Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada; 2Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada; 3IUCN Species Survival Commission Shark Specialist Group, NatureBureau International, Newbury, United Kingdom; 4Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, United States; 5British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, United Kingdom; 6Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia; 7Southeast Fisheries Science Center, NOAA/National Marine Fisheries Service, Panama City, United States; 8Shark Advocates International, The Ocean Foundation, Washington, DC, United States; 9National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand; 10Global Species Programme, International Union for the Conservation
    [Show full text]
  • An Introduction to the Classification of Elasmobranchs
    An introduction to the classification of elasmobranchs 17 Rekha J. Nair and P.U Zacharia Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682 018 Introduction eyed, stomachless, deep-sea creatures that possess an upper jaw which is fused to its cranium (unlike in sharks). The term Elasmobranchs or chondrichthyans refers to the The great majority of the commercially important species of group of marine organisms with a skeleton made of cartilage. chondrichthyans are elasmobranchs. The latter are named They include sharks, skates, rays and chimaeras. These for their plated gills which communicate to the exterior by organisms are characterised by and differ from their sister 5–7 openings. In total, there are about 869+ extant species group of bony fishes in the characteristics like cartilaginous of elasmobranchs, with about 400+ of those being sharks skeleton, absence of swim bladders and presence of five and the rest skates and rays. Taxonomy is also perhaps to seven pairs of naked gill slits that are not covered by an infamously known for its constant, yet essential, revisions operculum. The chondrichthyans which are placed in Class of the relationships and identity of different organisms. Elasmobranchii are grouped into two main subdivisions Classification of elasmobranchs certainly does not evade this Holocephalii (Chimaeras or ratfishes and elephant fishes) process, and species are sometimes lumped in with other with three families and approximately 37 species inhabiting species, or renamed, or assigned to different families and deep cool waters; and the Elasmobranchii, which is a large, other taxonomic groupings. It is certain, however, that such diverse group (sharks, skates and rays) with representatives revisions will clarify our view of the taxonomy and phylogeny in all types of environments, from fresh waters to the bottom (evolutionary relationships) of elasmobranchs, leading to a of marine trenches and from polar regions to warm tropical better understanding of how these creatures evolved.
    [Show full text]
  • Malaysia National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Shark (Plan2)
    MALAYSIA NATIONAL PLAN OF ACTION FOR THE CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF SHARK (PLAN2) DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND AGRO-BASED INDUSTRY MALAYSIA 2014 First Printing, 2014 Copyright Department of Fisheries Malaysia, 2014 All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the Department of Fisheries Malaysia. Published in Malaysia by Department of Fisheries Malaysia Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industry Malaysia, Level 1-6, Wisma Tani Lot 4G2, Precinct 4, 62628 Putrajaya Malaysia Telephone No. : 603 88704000 Fax No. : 603 88891233 E-mail : [email protected] Website : http://dof.gov.my Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia Cataloguing-in-Publication Data ISBN 978-983-9819-99-1 This publication should be cited as follows: Department of Fisheries Malaysia, 2014. Malaysia National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Shark (Plan 2), Ministry of Agriculture and Agro- based Industry Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia. 50pp SUMMARY Malaysia has been very supportive of the International Plan of Action for Sharks (IPOA-SHARKS) developed by FAO that is to be implemented voluntarily by countries concerned. This led to the development of Malaysia’s own National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Shark or NPOA-Shark (Plan 1) in 2006. The successful development of Malaysia’s second National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Shark (Plan 2) is a manifestation of her renewed commitment to the continuous improvement of shark conservation and management measures in Malaysia.
    [Show full text]
  • Field Guide to Requiem Sharks (Elasmobranchiomorphi: Carcharhinidae) of the Western North Atlantic
    Field guide to requiem sharks (Elasmobranchiomorphi: Carcharhinidae) of the Western North Atlantic Item Type monograph Authors Grace, Mark Publisher NOAA/National Marine Fisheries Service Download date 24/09/2021 04:22:14 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/20307 NOAA Technical Report NMFS 153 U.S. Department A Scientific Paper of the FISHERY BULLETIN of Commerce August 2001 (revised November 2001) Field Guide to Requiem Sharks (Elasmobranchiomorphi: Carcharhinidae) of the Western North Atlantic Mark Grace NOAA Technical Report NMFS 153 A Scientific Paper of the Fishery Bulletin Field Guide to Requiem Sharks (Elasmobranchiomorphi: Carcharhinidae) of the Western North Atlantic Mark Grace August 2001 (revised November 2001) U.S. Department of Commerce Seattle, Washington Suggested reference Grace, Mark A. 2001. Field guide to requiem sharks (Elasmobranchiomorphi: Carcharhinidae) of the Western North Atlantic. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS 153, 32 p. Online dissemination This report is posted online in PDF format at http://spo.nwr.noaa.gov (click on Technical Reports link). Note on revision This report was revised and reprinted in November 2001 to correct several errors. Previous copies of the report, dated August 2001, should be destroyed as this revision replaces the earlier version. Purchasing additional copies Additional copies of this report are available for purchase in paper copy or microfiche from the National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161; 1-800-553-NTIS; http://www.ntis.gov. Copyright law Although the contents of the Technical Reports have not been copyrighted and may be reprinted entirely, reference to source is appreciated.
    [Show full text]
  • Threatened Species Nomination Form
    2010 NOMINATION – Carcharinus leucas Section 1 - Legal Status, Distribution, Biological, Ecological Conservation Theme 1. The conservation themes for the Carcharinus leucas is one of the few truly euryhaline shark assessment period commencing species present in tropical and temperate estuarine, riverine and 1 October 2009 (for which near shore environments in Australia. As a keystone predator in nominations close 26 March 2009) such ecosystems, C. leucas fits the conservation theme for this are ‘terrestrial, estuarine and assessment period. near–shore environments of Australia’s coast’, and ‘rivers, wetlands and groundwater dependent species and ecosystems of inland Australia’. How does this nomination relate to the conservation theme? Taxonomy 2. What are the currently Scientific Name: Carcharinus leucas (Müller & Henle, 1839) accepted scientific and common name/s for the species (please Common Name: include Indigenous names, where Bull Shark known)? Freshwater Whaler Note any other scientific names that River Whaler have been used recently. Note the Swan River Whaler species authority and the Order and Bull Whaler Family to which the species belongs (Family name alone is sufficient for Indigenous Names (Morgan et al, 2002): plants, however, both Order and Ngangu (Bunuba and Walmajarri language) Family name are required for Ngawoonkoo (Nyikina language) insects). 3. Is this species conventionally accepted? If not, explain why. Is This species is conventionally accepted. there any controversy about the taxonomy? 4. If the species is NOT Not applicable conventionally accepted, please provide: (i) a taxonomic description of the species in a form suitable for publication in conventional scientific literature; OR (ii) evidence that a scientific institution has a specimen of the species and a written statement signed by a person who has relevant taxonomic expertise (has worked, or is a published author, on the class of species nominated), that the person thinks the species is a new species.
    [Show full text]
  • Sharks in the Seas Around Us: How the Sea Around Us Project Is Working to Shape Our Collective Understanding of Global Shark Fisheries
    Sharks in the seas around us: How the Sea Around Us Project is working to shape our collective understanding of global shark fisheries Leah Biery1*, Maria Lourdes D. Palomares1, Lyne Morissette2, William Cheung1, Reg Watson1, Sarah Harper1, Jennifer Jacquet1, Dirk Zeller1, Daniel Pauly1 1Sea Around Us Project, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada 2UNESCO Chair in Integrated Analysis of Marine Systems. Université du Québec à Rimouski, Institut des sciences de la mer; 310, Allée des Ursulines, C.P. 3300, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada Report prepared for The Pew Charitable Trusts by the Sea Around Us project December 9, 2011 *Corresponding author: [email protected] Sharks in the seas around us Table of Contents FOREWORD........................................................................................................................................ 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................. 5 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 7 SHARK BIODIVERSITY IS THREATENED ............................................................................. 10 SHARK-RELATED LEGISLATION ............................................................................................. 13 SHARK FIN TO BODY WEIGHT RATIOS ................................................................................ 14
    [Show full text]
  • Sawfish and River Sharks Multispecies Recovery Plan
    Sawfish and River Sharks Multispecies Recovery Plan 2015 The issues paper linked to this plan is obtainable from: http://www.environment.gov.au/resource/recovery-plan-sawfish-and-river-sharks © Copyright Commonwealth of Australia 2015 Sawfish and River Sharks Multispecies Recovery Plan is licensed by the Commonwealth of Australia for use under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence with the exception of the Coat of Arms of the Commonwealth of Australia, the logo of the agency responsible for publishing the report, content supplied by third parties, and any images depicting people. For licence conditions see: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. This report should be attributed as ‘Sawfish and River Sharks Multispecies Recovery Plan, Commonwealth of Australia 2015’. The Commonwealth of Australia has made all reasonable efforts to identify content supplied by third parties using the following format ‘© Copyright, [name of third party] ’. Disclaimer The views and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Australian Government or the Minister for the Environment. While reasonable efforts have been made to ensure that the contents of this publication are factually correct, the Commonwealth does not accept responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the contents, and shall not be liable for any loss or damage that may be occasioned directly or indirectly through the use of, or reliance on, the contents of this publication. Image Credits Front Cover: Largetooth sawfish (Pristis pristis) in the Daly River (© Copyright, Richard Pillans). Back Cover: Green sawfish (Pristis zijsron) juvenile from Pilbara (© Copyright, Richard Pillans).
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Decline in CPUE of Oceanic Sharks In
    IOTC-2009-WPEB-17 IOTC Working Party on Ecosystems and Bycatch; 12-14 October 2009; Mombasa, Kenya. Decline in CPUE of Oceanic Sharks in the Indian EEZ : Urgent Need for Precautionary Approach M.E. John1 and B.C. Varghese2 1 Fishery Survey of India, Mormugao Zonal Base, Goa - 403 803, India 2 Fishery Survey of India, Cochin Zonal Base, Cochin - 682 005, India Abstract The Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE) and its variability observed in resources surveys reflect on the standing stock of the resource and the changes in the stock density. Data on the CPUE of sharks obtained in tuna longline survey in the Indian EEZ by Govt. of India survey vessels during 1984 – 2006 were considered in this study. A total effort of 3.092 million hooks yielded 20,884 sharks. 23 species belonging to five families were recorded. Average hooking rate was 0.68 percent which showed high degree of spatio-temporal variability. Sharp decline was observed in the hooking rate from the different regions. The trend in the CPUE is a clear indication of the decline in the abundance of sharks in the different regions of the EEZ, the most alarming scenario being on the west coast as well as the east coast, where the average hooking rate recorded during the last five years was less than 0.1 percent. It is evident from the results of the survey that the standing stock of several species of sharks in the Indian seas has declined to such levels that the sustainability of the resource is under severe stress requiring urgent conservation and management measures.
    [Show full text]
  • An Overview of Shark Utilisation in the Coral Triangle Region (PDF, 550
    WORKING TOGETHER FOR SUSTAINABLE SHARK FISHERIES AN OVERVIEW OF SHARK UTILISATION IN THE CORAL TRIANGLE REGION Written by Mary Lack Director, Shellack Pty Ltd Glenn Sant Fisheries Programme Leader, TRAFFIC & Senior Fellow, ANCORS Published in September 2012 This report can be downloaded from wwf.panda.org/coraltriangle Citation Lack M. and Sant G. (2012). An overview of shark utilisation in the Coral Triangle region. TRAFFIC &WWF. Photo cover © naturepl.com / Jeff Rotman / WWF-Canon Thanks to the Rufford Lang Foundation for supporting the development of this publication 2 An Overview Of Shark Utilisation In The Coral Triangle Region ACRONYMS ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations BFAR Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (the Philippines) CCSBT Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CMM Conservation and Management Measure CMS Convention on Migratory Species of Wild Animals CNP Co-operating Non-Contracting party COFI Committee on Fisheries (of FAO) CoP Conference of the Parties (to CITES) EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone EU European Union FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations IOTC Indian Ocean Tuna Commission IPOA-Sharks International Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks IUU Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (fishing) MoU Memorandum of Understanding on the Conservation of Migratory Sharks (CMS) nei Not elsewhere included NPOA-Sharks National Plan of Action for the Conservation and
    [Show full text]
  • AC26 WG4 Doc. 1
    AC26 WG4 Doc. 1 CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA ____________ Twenty-sixth meeting of the Animals Committee Geneva (Switzerland), 15-20 March 2012 and Dublin (Ireland), 22-24 March 2012 IMPLEMENTATION OF RESOLUTION CONF. 12.6 (REV. COP15) ON CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF SHARKS (CLASS CHONDRICHTHYES) DRAFT PROPOSAL TO INCLUDE LAMNA NASUS IN APPENDIX II (Agenda items 16 and 26.2) Membership (as decided by the Committee) Chairs: representative of Oceania (Mr Robertson) as Chair and alternate representative of Asia (Mr Ishii) as Vice-Chair; Parties: Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Czech Republic, Germany, Ireland, Japan, Norway, Poland, Republic of Korea, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, United Kingdom and United States; and IGOs and NGOs: European Union, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, IUCN – International Union for Conservation of Nature, SEAFDEC – Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Animal Welfare Institute, Defenders of Wildlife, Fundación Cethus, Humane Society of the United States, Pew Environment Group, Project AWARE Foundation, Species Management Specialists, Species Survival Network, SWAN International, TRAFFIC International and Wildlife Conservation Society, WWF. Mandate In support of the implementation of Resolution Conf. 12.6 (Rev. CoP15) and reporting by the Animals Committee at the 16th meeting of the Conference of the Parties (CoP16), the working group shall: 1. Examine the information provided by range States on trade and other relevant data in response to Notifications to the Parties Nos. 2010/027 and 2011/049 and taking into account discussions in plenary, together with the final report of the joint FAO/CITES Workshop to review the application and effectiveness of international regulatory measures for the conservation and sustainable use of elasmobranchs (Italy, 2010) and other relevant information; 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Database of Bibliography of Living/Fossil
    www.shark-references.com Version 16.01.2018 Bibliography database of living/fossil sharks, rays and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii, Holocephali) Papers of the year 2017 published by Jürgen Pollerspöck, Benediktinerring 34, 94569 Stephansposching, Germany and Nicolas Straube, Munich, Germany ISSN: 2195-6499 DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.32409.72801 copyright by the authors 1 please inform us about missing papers: [email protected] www.shark-references.com Version 16.01.2018 Abstract: This paper contains a collection of 817 citations (no conference abstracts) on topics related to extant and extinct Chondrichthyes (sharks, rays, and chimaeras) as well as a list of Chondrichthyan species and hosted parasites newly described in 2017. The list is the result of regular queries in numerous journals, books and online publications. It provides a complete list of publication citations as well as a database report containing rearranged subsets of the list sorted by the keyword statistics, extant and extinct genera and species descriptions from the years 2000 to 2017, list of descriptions of extinct and extant species from 2017, parasitology, reproduction, distribution, diet, conservation, and taxonomy. The paper is intended to be consulted for information. In addition, we provide data information on the geographic and depth distribution of newly described species, i.e. the type specimens from the years 1990 to 2017 in a hot spot analysis. New in this year's POTY is the subheader "biodiversity" comprising a complete list of all valid chimaeriform, selachian and batoid species, as well as a list of the top 20 most researched chondrichthyan species. Please note that the content of this paper has been compiled to the best of our abilities based on current knowledge and practice, however, possible errors cannot entirely be excluded.
    [Show full text]
  • Northern River Shark, Glyphis Garricki
    Published Date: 1 March 2019 Northern River Shark, Glyphis garricki Report Card Depleted assessment IUCN Red List IUCN Red List Australian Refer to Global Assessment Global Critically Endangered Assessment Assessment Assessors Pogonoski, J. & Pollard, D. Report Card Remarks Rare species with possibly very few mature individuals remaining Summary The Northern River Shark is a rare species found in northern Australia and Papua New Guinea. It is suggested that fewer than 250 mature individuals exist. It is threatened by fishing pressure and is presumably taken as bycatch in commercial and recreational fisheries. Habitat Source: White et al. 2015. License: CC By degradation is another likely Attribution. threat due to its coastal and estuarine distribution. It is listed as Endangered on the Environment Protection Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 list of threatened species and hence protected under Commonwealth law. A recovery plan has been developed. Until abundance can be proven to be greater than suspected levels, it is assessed as Critically Endangered (IUCN) and in Australia, Overfished (SAFS). Distribution The distribution of the Northern River Shark is uncertain. It occurs in marine, freshwater and estuarine habitats and is known to occur in several areas in Western Australia (Ord and King Rivers, King Sound and Joseph Bonaparte Gulf) and Northern Territory (South and East Alligator Rivers and Wessel islands) (Last and Stevens 2009). It has been confirmed as occurring in Papua New Guinea with the finding of two individuals in the coastal marine waters of the Daru region (White et al. 2015). This was the first confirmed record of this species in Papua New Guinea since the 1970s (White et al.
    [Show full text]