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The Frontiers of Human Brain Research Hearing THE FRONTIERS OF HUMAN BRAIN RESEARCH HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED THIRTEENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION WEDNESDAY, JULY 31, 2013 Serial No. 113–45 Printed for the use of the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://science.house.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 82–224PDF WASHINGTON : 2013 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY HON. LAMAR S. SMITH, Texas, Chair DANA ROHRABACHER, California EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON, Texas RALPH M. HALL, Texas ZOE LOFGREN, California F. JAMES SENSENBRENNER, JR., DANIEL LIPINSKI, Illinois Wisconsin DONNA F. EDWARDS, Maryland FRANK D. LUCAS, Oklahoma FREDERICA S. WILSON, Florida RANDY NEUGEBAUER, Texas SUZANNE BONAMICI, Oregon MICHAEL T. MCCAUL, Texas ERIC SWALWELL, California PAUL C. BROUN, Georgia DAN MAFFEI, New York STEVEN M. PALAZZO, Mississippi ALAN GRAYSON, Florida MO BROOKS, Alabama JOSEPH KENNEDY III, Massachusetts RANDY HULTGREN, Illinois SCOTT PETERS, California LARRY BUCSHON, Indiana DEREK KILMER, Washington STEVE STOCKMAN, Texas AMI BERA, California BILL POSEY, Florida ELIZABETH ESTY, Connecticut CYNTHIA LUMMIS, Wyoming MARC VEASEY, Texas DAVID SCHWEIKERT, Arizona JULIA BROWNLEY, California THOMAS MASSIE, Kentucky MARK TAKANO, California KEVIN CRAMER, North Dakota ROBIN KELLY, Illinois JIM BRIDENSTINE, Oklahoma RANDY WEBER, Texas CHRIS STEWART, Utah VACANCY SUBCOMMITTEE ON RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY HON. LARRY BUCSHON, Indiana, Chair STEVEN M. PALAZZO, Mississippi DANIEL LIPINSKI, Illinois MO BROOKS, Alabama FEDERICA WILSON, Florida RANDY HULTGREN, Illinois ZOE LOFGREN, California STEVE STOCKMAN, Texas SCOTT PETERS, California CYNTHIA LUMMIS, Wyoming AMI BERA, California DAVID SCHWEIKERT, Arizona DEREK KILMER, Washington THOMAS MASSIE, Kentucky ELIZABETH ESTY, Connecticut JIM BRIDENSTINE, Oklahoma ROBIN KELLY, Illinois LAMAR S. SMITH, Texas EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON, Texas (II) C O N T E N T S Wednesday, July 31, 2013 Page Witness List ............................................................................................................. 2 Hearing Charter ...................................................................................................... 3 Opening Statements Statement by Representative Larry Bucshon, Chairman, Subcommittee on Research and Technology, Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives ............................................................................ 7 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 8 Statement by Representative Daniel Lipinski, Ranking Minority Member, Subcommittee on Research and Technology, Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives ............................................... 8 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 9 Statement by Representative Steve Stockman, Subcommittee on Research and Technology, Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives ................................................................................................ 10 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 11 Statement by Representative Eddie Bernice Johnson, Ranking Member, Com- mittee on Science, Space, and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives .... 50 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 51 Witnesses: Dr. Story Landis, Director of National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health Oral Statement ................................................................................................. 12 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 16 Mr. Michael McLoughlin, Deputy Business Area Executive, Research and Exploratory Development at Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University Oral Statement ................................................................................................. 27 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 29 U.S. Air Force Master Sergeant Joseph Deslauriers Jr. Oral Statement ................................................................................................. 35 Dr. Marcus Raichle, Professor of Radiology, Neurology, Neurobiology and Biomedical Engineering, Washington University Oral Statement ................................................................................................. 35 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 38 Dr. Gene Robinson, Director, Institute for Genomic Biology, Swanlund Chair, Center for Advanced Study Professor in Entomology and Neuroscience, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign Oral Statement ................................................................................................. 42 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 44 Discussion ................................................................................................................. 49 Appendix I: Answers to Post-Hearing Questions Dr. Story Landis, Director of National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health ......................................................... 62 (III) IV Page Dr. Marcus Raichle, Professor of Radiology, Neurology, Neurobiology and Biomedical Engineering, Washington University .............................................. 69 Dr. Gene Robinson, Director, Institute for Genomic Biology, Swanlund Chair, Center for Advanced Study Professor in Entomology and Neuroscience, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign University ...................................... 73 Appendix I: Additional Material for the Record Submitted statement by Representative Lamar Smith, Chairman, Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives ................ 76 THE FRONTIERS OF HUMAN BRAIN RESEARCH WEDNESDAY, JULY 31, 2013 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SUBCOMMITTEE ON RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY, Washington, D.C. The Subcommittee met, pursuant to call, at 11:06 a.m., in Room 2318 of the Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. Larry Bucshon [Chairman of the Subcommittee] presiding. (1) 2 LAMARS.SMITH, T_ EDOlf SelNICeJOHNSON. Tenr CHAlIlMAill RANKING MEMBER Itongrcss of tht 'linittd ~tatt5 ilWuJlt of 'lR£prtSt11tIItiOtJI COMMITIEE ON SCIENCE. SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY 2321 RAYBURN House OFl"lCE BUILDING WASHINGTON. DC2D615-63D1 (202) 225-6371 WIWO'.scIsno::ll.hQUlle.EI"" Subcommittee on Research and Technology The Frontiers ofHuman Brain Research Wednesday, July 31, 2013 11:00 am: to 1:00 p.m. 2318 Rayburn H?use Office Building Dr. Story Landis, Director a/National Institute (1jNeurological DiJordef'a and Stroke. National Institutes o/Health Mr. Michael McLoughlin. Deputy Business Area Executive. Research and Exploratory DeVelopment at Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, and U.S. Air Force-Moster Sergeant Joseph Deslauriers Jr. Dr. Marcus Raichle, Professor ofRadiology. Neurology, Neurobiology and Biomedical Engineen'ng, Washington University . Dr. Gene RofJwon, Director, Institute for Genomic Biology, Swanlund Chair, Center for Advanced Study Professor in Entoma/ogy and Neurosc,ience, University ofnlinois, Urbana~Champaign 3 U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY SUBCOMMITTEE ON RESEARCH HEARING CHARTER The Frontiers ofHuman Brain Research Wednesday, July 31, 2013 11:00 a.m. - 12:30 p.m. 2318 Rayburn House Office Building 1. Purpose On Wednesday, July 31,2013, the Subcommittee on Research and Technology will hold a hearing to understand the frontiers and challenges of brain science research, including its potential and limitations for curing brain diseases and rehabilitating those with brain-related injuries and disorders. The hearing will also aim to understand any policy implications from this research, including any implications for the America COMPETES reauthorization. 2. Witnesses Dr. Story Landis, Director, National Institute for Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Michael McLouglin, Deputy Business Area Executive, Research and Exploratory Development, Applied Physics Laboratory at lohns Hopkins University and U.S. Air Force Master Sergeant Joseph Deslauriers Jr. Dr. Marcus Raichle, Professor of Radiology, Neurology, Neurobiology and Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St Louis Dr. Gene Robinson, Professor in Entomology and Neuroscience and Director of the Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 3. Hearing Overview Understanding the human brain remains one of the most complex tasks facing the medical sciences community. Throughout the 19th and 20th century, much progress was made by breaking the brain down into various components, with individual neurons viewed as the fundamental unit for
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