AUG. 5, I9I61 AN ECHO, rHM1:023A I9r I ZTA JUNI explailned in the British Note to the United States Ambassador, of any wheeld vehicles at all? Still, would even the five German clergy were allowed to reside in this country roughest of journeys be really for them than being uninternied and to minister to German prisoners of war. He worse sympathized very deeply with the proposal, and anything that subject to the untender mercies of a German officer? The could be done would be done. In a written answer, on the patients themselves, at any rate, had no doubt. The devil sarne day, Lord Rob)ert Cecil said that the British Government was worse than the deep sea, which, after all, might not regretted that it was still unable to support the proposal for a prove unkindly. coilference of Red Cross representatives of the Belligerent Powers in a neutral country, similar to that held in Stockholm So tlle commanding officer and his remaining staff between representatives of Russia and the Central Powers, to instantly set to work again. The civilian station-master discuss, and, if possible, determine, a common basis upon managed to find a stray engine and three or four vans, and which prisoners of war should be treated, detained, exchanged, these having been made as comfortable as possible in the or transferred. In reply to Sir Henry Craik, he promised time available, the patients were hand-carried to the publication of the most recent reports upon prisoner camps in Great Britain drawn up by members of the American Embassy. station, and the extemporized hospital train steamed out On August 1st lie said that negotiations were in progress for just in the nick of time. the repatriation or internment in a neutral country of all In the event the decision proved fully justified, for British civilian prisoners of war now in Germany, whether- within twenty-four hours the patients, seemingly none the invalids or not. worse for the experience, were safely lodged ill another hospital 100 miles away. This was the only hospital which had to face quite so crucial a test, but several otlhers had adventures of a similar TIE_WAR. kind; in fact, all the hlospitals wlhich came out witlh the original Expeditionary Force led a pillar-to-post existence AN ECHO. for several weeks after their first arrival. The military A FRENCH provincial newspaper a slhort time ago contained situation at the time clhanged and recbanged so quickly a brief account of a picturesque incident which is worth that the D.M.S. of the Expeditionary Force had to keep on further record, if only as a useful reminder of a not too moving his medical units, whatever tlheir nominal -tatus. well known past. It must have been a worrying time for everybody, and It was tlhe public presentation of the insignia of Lady not least for those who were finally responsible for the of Grace of tlle English Order of St. John of Jerusalem to success of all the arrangements, worst of all, perhaps, for the Motlier Superior of a convent school in a town within those battalion, field ambulance, and otlher medical officers the war zone. The reason of the ceremony was the con- who during tlle course of the fighting retreat fou-nd their duct of this French woman in the month of August, 1914, choice lay between saving tlleir own skins and sharing at a moment when in the eyes of the population of the the fate of the wounded men in their charge. Of these invaded provinces all seemed lost save honour. several with whom the writer is personally acquainted A British medical unit which had taken up its quarters barely escaped being pistolled in cold blood, the Germans in her pensionnat had had to evacuate so quickly as to be choosing to regard them as would-be spies. forced to leave behind it all its equipment and belongings, Too little has as yet been heard of thlis first chapter of including the rifles and packs of its patients. the medical history of the war. On most occasions tllose Hardly had the train in which the men were placed left who look back can see how things might have been much tlle station before the Germans entered the town. One better managed; on the presentt one wonders how they of their first steps was to issue an order that, under pain were half as well managed as they were. For it was the of deatlh, everything left behind by tlle British and troops unexpected that always arrived, and it arrived with should be handed in forthwith. puzzling celerity. No sooner were hospital bases formed But to this order the Mother Superior determined to bid than they lhad to be abandoned, and tlle casualties-as also defiance. Her late guests were the allies of her cOuntry; the loss of medical personnel-exceeded all calculations they had been doing noble work. Why hand anything of based on previous wars. In addition, tlhe military organiza- theirs to the bullying, threatening Huns? Intent on the tion of the French railways still had to be completed; the well-being of their patients they had no time even to remove few hospital trains in France did not half meet the needs their flags-the Red Cross Pennant and Union Jack. Tiley of tlle French themselves, and the British forces, in were as sacred as the tricolor of her own country; these common with their allies and the -enemy, began the at least she must try to save. So the flags she gave to a campaign dependent in the main or horse-drawn transport Sister, an-Englishwoman by birth, to hide among her for all medical and other field form-ations. clothing, the patients' arms and accoutrements she buried Wl4en it came the Germans' turn to recoil tlhings in the convent graveyard, and the hospital equipment she began to settle down, but it was not until the Belgian hid in cellars, whose very existence she then contrived to frontier had a'ain been reached and the long-drawn-out conceal by brick and mortar and whitewash. She managed first battle of Ypres was well over that moments of strain in short to conceal everything but beds and mattresses, and anxiety ceased to be the daily portion of mnaniy officeis for which no hiding place could be found, and to keep them of the R.A.M.C., and especially of its administrators. safe until, the town being reoccupied, she was able to hand Althouglh tllis early period was one of great difficulty, it them over to tlie French authorities. was also one of muclh progress. By the time relatively The hospital in question was one of the general hospitals smooth water had been reached-that is, towards tlhe end -which came out with the original Expeditionary Force. of December, 1914-most of the present lhospital bases It was sent up immediately on its arrival to whatwas and connecting evacuation lines had been successfully then the advanced base, and not being able to secure any organized, and the RIA.M.C. had gained and lhad commenced one building sufficiently large for its purpose, it had dis- to utilize a long-desired power, namely, that of providing -tributed its beds in several buildings. The principal of for the transport of its patients from field units to rail- tllese was tlle convent school mentioned. It hbad only heads by vehicles directly under its own control, and been at work about a week wlhen the fall of Namur upset specially built for this purpose. the scheme of the Allies' campaign and the backward Also on the therapeutic .or executive side progress had movement commenced. been considerable. The introduction of antitoxin in- At this time tlhe hospital had some 500 cases on its jections as a routine first-aid measure had begun to lessen hands and the advance of the Germans was so rapid that materially the incidence of tetanus, and the tlhralls of the hospital had to be left behind wlhen the town was peace-time experience had so far been shake.n off that it evacuated by the allied forces. Those in charge of it was nearly everywhere recognized that the primary aim managed to get away all the lighlter cases in batches, of treatment must not be aseptic healing but effective together with the sisters and tlle majority of the per- drainage. sonnel, but they still had 45 very serious cases on their hands when news came that the Germans might be AUSTRO-GERMAN EXPERIENCEiS. expected at any moment. It seemed at first as if these patients, together with the AN OUTBREAK OF PURULENT STOMATITIS. personnel in attendance on them, must be allowed to fall RUMPEL1 has described a serious outbreaki of stomlatitis into tlle hands of the enemy. They were for the most among Russians in a prisoners' camp. Thse disease was. part grave surgical cases, hardly evacuable in the best of confined to a draft of new prisoners and broke out two days circumstances. How could they be moved from a town after their arrival. There wvere 12 cases on the first day. now lacking any suitable transport, indeed seemingly void X Mue6nclz. mcd. WocId., January 18th, 191g. 2." narnm I I 9 2 UNDWAL JOVItMM CASUALTIES IN THE, -MEDICA.L SERVICES. [Am. 15, 1916 192 MDLI CASUALTIES IN THE MEDICAL SERVICES. :AUG. 5, 1916 60 o0 the second, 169 on'tlie third, and 200 on the fourth recovered from sickness and? wounds and wlho have been day. The epidemic then waned and lhad ceased at the end inoculated against clholera more than four months earlier of five weekls. The prodromal symptoms were headache, and against typlhoid fever more tllan eiglht months earlier giddiness, na-usea, abdominal pain, and constipation. Tlhe are reinoculated before being sent to the front. This does gtums were swollen and suppurating, there was profuse not, however, apply to soldiers who lhave recovered front salivation, and tlle patient's breatlh smelt like rotten hay. typlhoid fever and cholera. False membranes and ulcers were scatts red around the The injections are given in the afternoon, so that the teetlrand in the folds of the imouth, and in snialler nutimbers reaction may occur at night. The skin over the left over the throat. The tempcrature was highi, the cervical nipple is disinfected with alcohol or tincture of iodine, and lymphatic glands were -swollen, and thle liver and spleen the needle is. boiled bet'ween eaclh injection. As the were, tender; Under treatment witlh aperients and local syringe has a capacity of 10 c.cm. and plenty of needlet astringents, including silver nitrate, thee disease ran a are available, this precaution does not waste much time. favourable course. Dr. lIumpel was inclined to trace the At the outbreak of the wax -tlie. Army Medical Service was outbreak to some metallic poisonl in preserved food. Tlle caught napping with regard to vaccines, of which not even condition somewhat-resembled that of mercurial stoimatitis-, a small stock had been laid in, and there were no labora- it was noC conta-ious, for it did not spread to tlle attendants tories in the service for this purpose. A number of in the camp, nor to the prisoners already interned there. university and other laboratories began to make good?-thts A bacteriological'exaamin:ation slhowed fusiform rods and want, and even a couple of dyeing firms undertook to Epirilla of tlhe Plaut-Vincent type, but inoculation of calves prepare vaccines for the army. Towards tlle end of 1915 and goats proved negative. In six cases there was a there were twenty-six laboratories in Germany turning out measly or scarlatiniforin rash terminating in fine desqua- vaccines, wiich were tested at a control laboratory in mation. The diagnosis of foot anid mouth disease or Berlin before being sent to the central dep6t of tlle Medical scurvy was dismissed as hlighlly improbable. Service, where they were stored in bottles containing 20, 50, and 100 c.cm. A considerable quantity of the TYPHOID-CARRIERS WITH INFECTED MOUTHS. vaccines had to be rejected at the control laboratory on Dr. Egaebrecht2 states, tllat not- only hias the typhoid account of autolytic processes, deposits, or too few bacilli bacillus been found in thee mouths of patients long con- to the cubic centimetre. Another mistake ofteni com- valescent from typhoid fever, but it lhas also occasionally muitted at first was to add carbolic acid to -the cultures been demonstrable in the moutlhs of persons who. lhad before they had been diluted, instead of after. not actually suffered from it. He found that typhoid As thie wlhole German arnmy was revaccinated in time of bacilli may continue to exist in the mouth after tlhey are peace, there was little fear of serious outbreaks of small- no longer demonstrable in the faeces, Amnong 200 cases pox during the wvar. But the older classes, revaccinated examined, lhe found nine withi typlhoid bacilli in the moutlh; more than seven years earlier, had again to undergo and amnong all hiis cases there was not one in whlich vaccination before being dispatched to the front. When typhoid bacilli were demonstrable simnultaneously in tlle vaccination had to be combined with inoculation against mouth and- faeices. To ascertain tlle frequency witl typhoid fever and cholera, the soldier was vaccinated on whiclh typlhoid bacilli occurred in the mouths of con- the first day, inoculated against clholera on tlle second valescents and others who lhad not apparently contracted day, ag,ainst typhoid fever on the fourth day, against typlhoid fever, he examined the throats of 174 inmates of cholera on the sixth dav, against typhoid fever on the an asylum, and in 4.2 per cent. the bacilli were found. eleventh day, and again against typhoid fever on tlle Tllese persons were carriers in the truest sense, not con- eighteenth day. valescents from typlhoid fever, and they had not -been inoculated against typlhoid fever. THE RECRUITING STANDARD IN AUSrRIA. The conditions under whlich the medical examination of INOCULATION AGAINST TYPHOID FENVER AND CHOLERA recruits is at present carried on in Germany, and thle IN THE GERMAN ARMY. extent to whichl the standard of fitness for military service We have received from a reliable source the following has been lowered, are closely guarded secrets. But tlhe account of the methiods of inoculation against typhoid following information has filtered out about tlle relaxation fever and cholera in general use since the beginning of of the earlier requirements for recruits in the Dual 1916. Inoculation against typhoid fever lhas been made Monarchly. Here practically every one who can do an compulsory in one army corps after another, and now it is ordinary day's work is preissed into militarv service. Men compulsory for all-the German and Austrian armiea: and wlho cannot be used at the front are employed on tlhe by tlhe end of 1915 all the armies of the Central Powers lines of communication and on military duties at home. were inoculated against cholera as well as typlhoid fever. Recruits are given three months' training, during which In performing typlhoid inoculation three injections are "useless material" is weeded out. Tlle military age is given at intervals of at least seven days, 0.5 c.crn. being now 18 to 50, and men with compensated hieart disease given at the first injection and 1 c.cm. at tlle second and are taken for active service, as their efficiency for trench third injections. When the soldiers are reinoculated only warfare is regarded as normal. Herniae are no longer a two injections are given, the first dose being 0.5 c.cm. and cause of exemption; its subjects are compelled to undergo the second 1 c.cm., an interval between the two injections an operation for it. The loss of the left eye is no longer a of at least seven days being'allowed. disqualification for combatant service, and even the very In cholera inoculationi two injections are given at deaf are accepted, being drafted into the artillery. Loss intervals of at least five days, 0.5 c.cm. being given at the of fingers of either band is also overlooked, and men with first, and 1 c.cm. at the second, injection. Whben the extreme curvature of the spine or club-foot are frequently soldiers are reinoculated, only one injection of 1 c.cm. of seen in tlle Austrian uniform. On the other hand, men vaccine is given. The soldier's number and name, the suffering from definite nephritis are still exempted. date of inoculation, its course (local and general reactions, rise of temperature, etc.), and tlle source of the vaccine are all recorded; and whlen tlhe inoculation is completed C-ASUALTIES IN TIlE MEDICAL SERVICES.- the fact is noted in tlhe soldier's " Soldbuch." ARMY. When there is no time to be lost, the following scheme Killedt in Action. of double inoculation is followed: CAPTAIN ALEXANDER PETRIE Low, R.A.M.C. (T.F.), reported First day: First inoculation against cholera. as in in was a Third day: First inoculation against typhoid fever. killed action July, native of Arbroath, Fifth day: Second inoculationi against cholera. and was educated at Edinburgh University, where he Tenth day: Second inoculation against typhoid fever. graduated as M.B. and C.M. with lionours in 1896. After Seventeenth day-: Third inoculation agrainst typhoid fever. acting as resident medical officer at Craiglockhart Poor- As inoculation against clholera is considered to beeffec- house, Edinburglh, he went into practice in Dundee, and ti for not six was onie of thie surgeons of the Dundee Royal Infirm4ary. ve muore tllan mionthls and tllat against He took a commission as captain in the 1st (Aberdeen) typhoid fever for not inore tllan eight imontlhs, soldiers Scottishi General Hospital on December 20tlh, 1912, and are reinoculated against cholera and typhoid fever after 8ix and monthis after serving witlh that unit for the first year of the war, eigrhlt respectivelyi Soldiers whlo hliave was attaclhed to the Seaforth IIiglilanders at the, front. 2 Aluench. med. Woch.. March 14th, 1916. Hle leaves a widow and two sons" AUG. 5, i9i6] CASUALTIES IN -THE -MEDICAL SEIVICES, f uMUDICAL1 I Captain Hugh Gwilym iMorris, R.A.M.C., was reported Wlhile one whlo lknew hiiim well there writes: "He leaves killed in actioni in the casualty list publislhed cn July 25tlh. behind hlim a loved, honoured, and tender melmory in tlle He was educated at Oxford, where lhe took the M.B. and hearts of us all-,staff, patients, students." And one whlo B.Cli. in 1914, entered the R.A.M.C. as a temporary was contemporary witlh llim on the resident staff of lieutenant on February 8tlh, 1915, and was promoted to St. Bartlholomew's writes: i' Undoubtedly, had lhe-survived, captain on completioni of one year's service. he would have attained to eminence in thle profession, as Captain Alfred Maur-ice Tllomson, RI.A.M.C., was re- he combined with teclhnical skill the spirit of sym-ipathy ported as killed in action in tlle casualty list publislhed on with the afflicted whiclh is so important." He was keen on- July 30tlh, aged 30. He was the only son of Mr. Alfred all outdoor games, and was an excellent rider. A memorial Thomson of Belfast, and was educated at Queen's College, service was held in tlle Church of St.. Barthfolomew- Belfast, and at Manchester University, graduating as the-Great, Smithfield, on July 28th, wlhen the Bishop of M.B., B.Ch., and B.A.O. of the Royal University of Ireland Stepney officiated. in 1909, also taking the certificate in mnental psychology of Dr. Eliot William Welelbman, of the Close, Lichfield, the National University of Ireland in 1910, and the Staffordshire, died suddenly at sea on July 15th wlhil& D.P.H.Camb. in 1914. After qualifying, lhe acted succes- employed as a surgeon in the Admiralty Trnsport sively as casualty lhouse-surgeon at the Miller General Service, Union Castle line. He took the diplomas of Hospital, Greenwiclh; first assistant medical officer at L.R.C.S. and L.R.C.P. at Edinburglh in 1883, and the Farnlhamn House Private Asylum at Finglas; assistant M.R.C.S. in the same year, after studying at Queen's medical officer of the Lancaster County Asylum at Prest- College, Birmingham. He lhad served in tlle Staffordsllire wiclh; and finally assistant medical officer of the Middlesex Imperial Yeomanry, from whicll he retired with the rank County Asylum at Napabury, St. Albans. He joined the of surgeon-major. Special Reserve of the R.A.M.C. as lieutenant on Sep. tember 10th, 1914, and was promoted to captain a year Wounded. later. Captain W. K. Campbell, R.A.M.C. (S.R.). Lieutenant Riclhard Fenton Tlheodore Newbery, Captain W. D. Chambers, R.A.M.C. (temporary). R.A.M.C., aged 25, was killed in action on July 14tlh. Captain F. E. Chapman, R.A.M.C. (temporary). He wa.s the elder son of the late E. C. Newbery, of Nice, Captain J. P. Charles, R.A.M.C. (temporary). was educated at Tonbridge Scllool and at Edinburglh Captain D. H. Derry, R.A.M.C. (temporary). University, wlhere he graduated as M.B. and Ch.B. in 1915, Captain D. J. Evans, R.A.M.C. (temporary). and, after acting as lhouse-surgeon and house-physician Captain J. S. Granger, Southi African Medical Corps. of Edinburglh Royal Infirmarv, took a temporary com- Captain A. Grant, R.A.M.C. (temporary). mission as lieutenant in the R.A.M.C. last October. He Captain L. S. Greene, South African Medical Corps. was attaclhed to the Nortlhamptonshlire Regiment, and had Captain C. F. Hacker, R.A.M.C. (S.R.). been recomlmended for a Military Cross for heroism in Captain W. J. Henry, R.A.M.C. (temporary). attending tlle wounded. His wife is the eldest daughter Captain R. Lawson, R.A.M.C. (temporary). of the Rev. Alex. Wylie, Edinburglh. Captain S. S. Liebson, South African Medical Corps. Captain R. H. Lucas, R.A.M.C. (temporary). Died of Wounds. Captain S. W. Maclellan, R.A.M.C. (temporary). Captain William Garrow Slhand, R.A.M.C., died of Captain J. A. Macleod, R.A.M.C. (temporary). wounds on July 25tl, aged 34. He was the eldest son of Captain A. T. Nankivell, R.A.M.C. (temporary). the late Jolhn Slhand of Lanark, and was educated at Captain H. E. O'Brien, R.A.M.C. (temporary). Glasgow University, where lhe graduated as M.B. and Captain F. W. E. Paisford, R.A.M.C. (temporary). Cl.B., witlh commendation, in 1903. After acting as Captain A. F. Palmer, R.A.M.C. (temporary). clinical clerk at the Gartlocll Asylum, Garteoslh, and as Captain R. Park, R.A.M.C. (temporary). surgeon on the Anchor Line, hie went into practice in Captain J. H. H. Pearson, R.A.M.C. (temporary). Regent Rioad, Salford, and representedIhis ward in the Captain D. Pottinger, R.A.M.C. (temporary). Borouglh Council of Salford for sonme years, retirina in Captain T. Sheehan, R.A.M.C. (temporary). 1912. He toolk a temporary commission as lieutenant in Captain J. Stenlhouse, R A.M.C. (temporary). the R.A.M.C. in June, 1915, and becamle captain a year Captaini J. D. Wilkinson, R.A.M.C. (temiiporary). later. Captain C. R. Wills, R.A.M.C. (temporary). Died on Service. Lieutenant A. L. Anderson, R.A.M.C. (temnporary). Lieutenant-Colonel A. H. Lister, C.M.G., R.A.M.C.(T.F.), Lieutenant M. Macniff, R.A.M.C. (tenmporary). died on his way lhome from Egypt on July 17th. An Lieutenant H. B. Maxwell, R.A.M.C. (temporary). obituary notice is published at p. 207. Lieutenant E. T. Nivini, R.A.M.C. (temporary). Captain Wallace Hillbrook died at Nairobi, Britislh East Africa, on July 22nd. aged 24. He was tlle son of Mr. J. E. Prisoner of War. ILillbrook, of Sutton, Surrey, and was educated at Clifton Tlle namne of Major S. Bose, I.M.S., is added to the list College and at Emmiianuel College, Camubridge, where lhe of officers taken prisoneris at Kut-el-Amara in April. graduated as M.B. and B.C. in 1915, and at St. George's Hospital, taking also the diplomas of M.R.C.S. and DEATHS AMONG SONS OF MEDICAL MEN. L.R.C.P.Lond. in 1915. After as Blumer, Murray P. H.. Middlesex Regimenit, only soni of Mr. acting lhouse-phiysician Muswell at St. Ihe went to Africa as imiedical officer of the Percy Blumer, F.R.C.S.Edin., Hill, N., aged 27 years, George's is missinigs, and unofficially reported killed in actioni on Julv 1st. Churchl Mlissionary Society's hospital at Mengo, in Uganda, He was educated at Dean Close School, Cheltenham, and joiiied and at tllc time of hlis deatlh was cemiployed as miedical the Public Schools Battalion at the outbreak cf war. He went officer of the Congro Carrier Corps. to the front in November, 1915. Lieutenant Walter died in Bullivaut, Alfred J., Second Lieutenanit Sherwood Foresters Stanley Burrell, R.A.M.C., and soni of the late Dr. France of on (Notts Derby Regimenit), younger Bulli- cerebro-spinal meningitis July 22nd, aged vanlt, died of wotunds on July 4tlh, aged 19. He was wvoun(led at 25 years. He was tlhe second son of the lRev. F. V. Isaacs, Hooge last Auigust, and got a commission in January, 1916. His vicar of Chiiswick, having taken the old family namue of only brother lhas been missing since October, 1914. Burrell shortly after qualifying. He was educated at Caesar, C. P., Lieutenanit King's Shropshire Light Inifantry, St. Paul's Sclhool and at St. Bartliolomew's son of the late Dr. C. A. Caesar, of Hatfield, Hei-ts, killed re- Hospital, cently, aged 29. He was at Keble College, Oxford, before the wvliere lie the Wadham Prize for and filled gained Surgery, war, alnd got his commission on February 1st, 1915. the post of hoouse-surgeon; he was also president of the Chambers, Antony Gerald, Second Lieuteiiailt Duke of Abernethian Society, and a contributor to the Hospital Cambridge's O,wn Middlesex Regiment, fourth son of tle late Journal. Wlhile house-surgeon at St. Bartholomew's he Dr. Antony B. Chambers, of Long Eaton, Notts, killed on volunteered for tlle Medical and went July 1st, aged 21. He was educated at St. Mary's College, Royal Army Corps, Chesterfield; enlisted in the Public Schools Battalioni; anid got to the front early in May last, bein1gc attaclhed to a field his first commission onl May 9th, 1915. Three of his brothers ambulance, aild subsequently transferred to a castualtv are serving at the fronit. clearing station. He obtained tlhe diplomna M.R.C.S., Clerv, Noel Cairnis, Lieutenant Royal Field Artillery, youniger L.R.C.P. in July, 1915, and hie lhad olnly tlle final examina- son of Surgeon-Genieral Clery, C.B., A.M.S. (retired), killed tion to take was not lie July 24th, aged 23. He was educated at Downvside and at (for wlhiclh lhe yet eligible whIlenl Woolwich, got his first commission on May 24th, 1913, and went on active service) for the London M'.B. degree. His became lieutenant in June, 1915; he had gained the Military late chief at the hospital writes': " He was one of the best." Cross. Tax94 WAR NOTES. AUG -(94 KZDI"L JOVBXAL I L-~~~~~~~~[AU 5, 19I5 Compton-Burnett, Noel, Second Lieutenant Leicester Reg,.- He obtainiedl his first commission in 1907, and subsequiently went -ieint, son of the laie James Conmpton-Burilett, M.D., killed out to the Federated Malay States. Soon after the comnmence- July 14thi, aged 28. He was educated at Cambridge, where he ment of the var lie came home, rejoinied his regiment, and was gained a Fellowship at King's College, aind got his first com- sent to France in November, 1915. mission on November 23rd, 1914. Gullilanid, Johln Hutchinson, Captain Essex Regiment, died Donialdson, Geoffrey Boles, Captain Royal Warwickshire of wounds on July 18tlh. He-was bornl in Calcutta in 1893, the Regfiment, only child of the late Dr. Donal(dson, of Londonderry ,elder twin son of Mr. Colin C. Guilliland, of Glenitliornie, North killed on July 19th, aged 22. He was educated at Oundle Sclhool Foreland, Broadstairs, an(d was educated at OunLldle School and and at Caius College, Cambridge, gaining a leaving scholarship at Caius College, Canmbridge, where he was a medical student. at the former and an entranice scholarship at the latter, and He was a member of the Cambridge O.T.C., joinied the Public graduated as B.A. in 1914, taking a first class in the Natural Schools Battalion at the begiinning of the war, and got a com- Science Tripos. HIe was in the O.T.C. at the University, got mission in the Essex Regiment, becoming captain on March 6th, his commission ill October, 1914, became lieutenant on 1915. He was woun(ded at Loos, but rejoined early in 1916, and December 8th, 1914, and captain last March, and went to the was recently attached to the staff of an infalltry briga(le. front in Mav. Gunson, Leslie R. S., Lieutenant Royal Garrison Artillery, Doyle, Edward Percival, Second Lieutenant, eldest son of aged 21, killed in action, was the only soni of Mr. and Mrs. Dr. Doyle, of San Fernian(do, Trinidad, died on July 5th of Gunson of Ghyll Bank, Whitehaven. Previous to the war wounds received the same (lay. Lieutenant Guuson was a medical student at Edinburgh Fooks, Eric Jolhn Dodgson, Machine Gun Company, New University. Zealand Forces, youngest son of Lieutenant-Colonlel G. E. McVicker, Johni W., Second Lieutenant King's Liverpool Fooks, I.M.S. (retired), killed June 18th, aged 19. Regiment, of Moss-side, Antrim, kille(d in July. He was Hall, Warwick, Lieutenant South Staffordshire Regiment, educated at Coleraine Academy aind at Ediniburgh University, soin of Dr. Hall, Hodnet, Shropslhire, killed July 1st. He and where he hadl completed the first year's me(lical study when, his twin lbrother, Lieutenant Brtuce Hall, were educatedl together on the outbreak of the war, he joined the Nortlh Irish Horse as at Denstone College, anid had entered at Cambri(dge, vhen they a trooper. He got his commission on November 16tlh, 1914. both took commissions in the same battalion, oni AuguLst 15th, Murray, Henry Berkeley, Lieutenant Argyll and Sutherland 1914, lruice beingr ranked the senior of the two. Brtice Hall Highlanders, aged 32, was the fifth son of the late Dr. W. was killed at Loos last September. Warwick Hall had pre- Berkeley Murray of Tenbury Wells, Worcestershire. He was viously been ,wounded last May. e(lucated at Pocklingston School, Yorkshire, ancd was a member Heyward, Miaurice, Secon(d Lieuteliant Dorsetshire Regiment, of the London Scottish for seven years prior to his taking up a attached Devon Regiment, fourth son of Dr. Heyward of civil appointment in Bombay, which he held for six years. On Castlemain Avenue, Croydon, killed oni July 20th, aged 25. His the outbreak of war he returned to England aid(i received a commissioni was dlated March 13th, 1915. commission. He went to the front on December lOtlh, and had Jolinsoni, Henry Duffield, Private Somersetshire Light beeni in several enigagements before he fell oni July 18thi. Infantry, third soil of the late P. P. Johilsoin, M.B., killed Rigby, W. G. M., Lieutenanit East Lancaslhire Regiment, died July 1st, aged 24. of wounds, was educated at King William's College, Isle of Limont, William Eric, Second Lieutenant Northumberlanid Man, anld at Manchester University, where lie was a dental Fusiliers, onlly son of the late Dr. James Limont, of Queen student. He got his commission on October 2nd, 1914. Square, Newcastle-on-Tyne, killed July 14th, aged 22. MacComibie, AWilliam Johni, Captain Kin)g's Own Scottish A CORRECTION.-Ill tlhe list of prisoners of war taken at the Borderers, onily survivinig son of Dr. Johin MacCombie, Manor surrendering of Kut, published in our issue of July 22nd, p. 123, House, Rothwell, Northliats, killed July 17th, aged 24. He was the name of Captain W. L. E. Fretz, R.A.M.C., was incorrectly educated at Oundile School, at Cains College, Cambridge, an(d at printed. the Lonldon Hospital, vhiere he was a medical student. He had takeui his B.A., anid passedI the second M.B. exam., when he took a commission onl October 17th. 1914. He went to the front NOTES. in October, 1915, and got his company in Juine, 1916. WITTENBERG Ratcliff-Gaylard, Eric Ronald, Second Lieutenant Duke of CAMP. Corinwall's Liglht Infantry, younger an(d only surviving son of AT a Clhapter-General of tlle Order of St. Johln of Dr. Ratcliff-Gaylard, Clifton Park, Birkeilhead, killed on Jerusalem, on July 28tli, the Sub-Prior, Lord Plyiothtli, July 19tth, aged 21. He was educated at Probus School, Corn- presented gold life-saving medals of tlle Order to MIajor wall; King's-College, Taunton ; anid Birkenhead Institute, and Harold Edgar Priestley, C.M.G., R.A.M.C., and Captain joined the 1st Battalion of the King's Liverpool Regiment at Alan the outbreak of the war. Eight moniths later lie was transferred Cunliffe Vidal, D.S.O., R.A.M.C., in recognitioni of to the Intis of Court O.T.C., and got his commission fourteen the gallantrv displayed by them at the Wittenberg Canmp. month)s ago. His elder brother, Cecil C. A. Ratcliff-Gaylard, of Captain James La Fayette Lauder, D.S.O., II.A.M.C., was the Australian Forces, was killed at Anizac, in Gallipoli. prevented by mnilitary duties abroad from attending to Ritson, John Andrew, Captain South Lancashire Regiment, receive a similar medal. only son of Dr. Ritson of Readinig, killed in action in July. He was e(dLncated at Rugby aind at Trinity College, Cambridge, and The response to the appeal of Lady Parker of Wadding- rowed in the Cambridge boat in 1914. ton lhas been sufficient to eniable lher to arranige for a Saniderson, Walter Ker, Second Lieutenant Border Ptegimeit, bronze relief to be d'esigned by Mr. Arth1ur Walkier, only surviviuig son of the late Dr. Sanderson of Penrith, killed sculptor of the statue of Florence Niglhtingale in Waterloo in July. He was edluicated at Sedbergh, anid served for eleven Place and the fine relief of lher ministering to the wounided years in the Vote Office in the House of Commons. He joined the Public Schools Battalion at the beginning of the war, got a in St. Paul's. The memorial will commnemorate tlle names commission in t'le Royal West Kent Regiment, and was and services of Major W. B. Fry, Captain A. A. Sutcliff, transferred to the Border Regimenit. and Captain Steplhen Field, officers of tlle Royal Army Whitty, John Leo, Lieuteniant Leinster Regiment, attached Medical Corps, who died of typlhus fever whlile atteuding Royal Flying Corps, third son of Lieuteniant-Colonel M. J. on Britislh soldiers suffering from tlle in W7itten- Wl;itty, R.A.MH.C., killed by a shell durinig a reconnaissance disease over the eniemy's lines on July 8th. He was born at Cape Town berg Camp. Captain Lauder, it may be remiemubered, also in 1894, e(lucate(d at Castleknock, and at the Jesuit College, suffered from tlle disease, but recovered. Liverpool, and joinied the Leilisters from Sandhtirst in February, 1913, becominig lieuteniant on October 20th, 1914. He came from HONOURS. India to Franice with his battalion, was wounided at St. Eloi on The Londlon7 Gazette of July 27th, 1916, announces the grant of a March 15th, 1915. anid got the Military Cross in June. large number of honours, D.S.O.s, and Military Crosses. The Willes, W. F. G., Captain Dorsetshiire Regimenit, el(lest soni following medical officers are iilcluded among the recipients. of Dr. W. Willes, of Bournemouth, killed in July. He joined D.S.O.-Temporary Lieutenant L. M. Rowlette, R.A.M.C. the armv in 1905, and became captain on June 16th, 1912. In Military Cross.-Temporary Captain N. Black, R.A.M.C., 1911 he wvas seconded for service with the 2nd West African Captain H. E. Cumming, Canadiani A.M.C., Captain H. F. L. Regiment, of which he became adjutant, alid also served as Hugo, R.A.M.C.(T.F'.), Temnporary Captain F. P. Joscelyne, A.D.C. anid private secretary to the Governor of Sierra Leone. R.A.M.C., Captain N. L. Joynt, R.A.M.C.(S.R.), Captain R. A. In 1914 he was at home on leave, and rejoined the Dorsetshire Stewart, R.A.M.C.(S.R.), Temporary Lieutenianit J. R. Irwin, Regiment when the var began; was put in command of a R.A.M.C., Temporary Lieutenant P. M. Turnbull, IR.A.M.C. divisional cyclist company, and had served in Egypt and in The same Gazette also specifies the services vliiclh gained the Gallipoli. D.S.O. for Captains P. F. Gow (I.M.S.), W. Dawson (R.A.M.C., temporary), and W. A. Miller (R.A.M.C., S.R.); and( the BIEDICAL STUDENTS. Military Cross for Captainis C. M. Brophv (R.A.M.C., tempo- Fisher, Henry Brian, Lieutenant Northumberland Fusiliers, rary), J. A. Cullum (Canadian A.M.C.), A. E. Iroiiside Wlio died in hospital oln July 24th, was the younger soI of Dr. (R.A.M.C., T.F.), J. M. MIaclienzie (R.A.M.C., temporary), W. H. G. E. Fisher of Skipton. He was born in 1895, alnd received his Riddell (I.M.S.), anid Temporary LIieutenant C. C. O'Kell education at Colwall anid Winchester. After farming in Eug- (R.A.M.C.). The granit of these lionours has been previously land he wCnlt to Canada, but returned on the declaration of wa-, announced in. the Loiidon Gazette of June 26th (BRITISH anid joiiied tlle Northumberland Fusiliers in December, 1914. MEDICAL JOURtNAL, July 1st, p. 28). He went to thle fronlt in July, 1915, and in January, 1916, was attached to the mnachinie gUnl corps. The name of Sur'geon-Major and Honorary Sn1rgcon Lieu- Grip)per, WSalter Vinicent, Captain 3rd (attachedl 1st) East tenant-Colonel Roger Bullock (Warwickshire Yeomaniry) slhould Surrey Regiment, ksilledl in action on July 24th, was the eldest have been included in General Maxwell's recommendatioiis- son of Dr. W\alter Gripper, of WVallinigton, Surrey, aged 27. He first list, Part I, operations on the Western front-published was educatedl at The Grange, Eastbourne, and at Haileybury. in our issue of July 1st, p. 28.