BCN 205 Woodland Park no.243 georgetown, TX 78633 march, 2009

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HOF 2009 BCN on the web at www.boxingcollectors.com The number on your label is the last issue of your subscription

PLEASE VISIT OUR WEBSITE AT WWW. HEAVYWEIGHTCOLLECTIBLES. COM

FOR RARE, HARD-TO-FIND ITEMS SUCH AS, POSTERS, AUTOGRAPHS, VINTAGE PHOTOS, MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS, ETC.

WE ARE ALWAYS LOOKING TO Billy Soose PURCHASE UNIQUE ITEMS. and

Gorilla Jones PLEASE CONTACT LOU MANFRA AT 718-979-9556 OR EMAIL US AT [email protected]

16 1 JO SPORTS, INC. Les Wolff, LLC 1. auto- graphed Everlast glove BOXING SALE Memorabilia #3 with a full JSA letter. $1250 VISIT OUR WEBSITE: 2. Henry Armstrong 8x10 www.josportsinc.com color magazine photo Over 8,000 Boxing Items For Sale! autographed personal- ized $150 BOXING AUTOGRAPHS: 3. Nino Benvenuti 8x10 1. Tommy Burns: One page hand written letter to Nat BxW photo autographed Fleischer dated 11/26/36. Bold ink signature, Yours $50 Truly Tommy Burns. Excellent condition. $750.00 4. Jim Corbett 5x7 BxW 2. James J. Corbett: Ink inscription & signature, photo with Kathleen Yours truly Jas J Corbett June 10/1907, on a period O’Connor autographed antique mounted photograph in formal attire. 5 ¼” by both from the movie x 7 ¼.” Excellent. $650.00 The Midnight Man $750 3. Leach Cross: Two page hand written letter to #7 5. Diego Chico Corrales Johnny Hauck dated April 2, 1947. Discusses the #2 8”x10” color photo McCoy-Choynski fight, Horton Law and Theodore autographed 2 different Roosevelt. Bold ink signature, Sincerely Dr. Leach X poses $150 NYU Dental 1907. Quite Rare. $750.00 6. Marvin Hagler 8x10 4. Jake Kilrain: Two page handwritten letter to John- color photo autographed nie Murphy dated January 4, 1886. Talks about $100 lack of money in fighting and suggest Murphy 7. Sultan Ibragimov 8x10 learn to mix drinks for work as a barkeeper. Boldly color photo autographed signed, Excuse Mistakes John Kilrain. Excellent. Heavyweight Champion $2,000.00 $100 5. Charlie Mitchell: Bold ink signature on paper, May 8. Vitali Klitchko 8”x10” 8th 1891 Charles W. Mitchell Champion autographed color photo Boxer. 3 ½” x 4.” Excellent. $750.00 $75 $75 6. Philadelphia Jack O’Brien: One page typed letter 9. Sergei Liakhovich 8x10 dated January 8, 1929 to Walter Jacobs on illustrat- color photo autographed ed O’Brien letterhead. Bold ink signature. Some of the newest heavy edge wear. $425.00 weight championship 7. Norman Selby (Kid McCoy): One page typed letter l-r, top-bottom: from Russia $150 $150 to Nat Fleischer acknowledging he will write some Burns, Kilrain, 10. Joe Louis 8x10 program stories on the old timers in boxing. Bold ink Cross, Selby, #12 photo autographed per- signature, Norman Selby. Very rare. Ex. $2,000.00 sonalized. From a Hall 8. Tom Sharkey: One page typed letter to Nat Mitchell of Fame book. Stun- Fleischer dated September 14, 1938. Bold ink ning. $750 signature, Tom Sharkey. Discusses writing columns 11. Oleg Maskaev 8x10 col- comparing old heavyweights and modern ones. or photo autographed. Excellent. $800.00 New Heavy Weight 9. John L. Sullivan: Two page hand written let- Champion. $150 ter dated January 4, 1910. Discusses his upcom- TERMS: 12. Samuel Peter 8x10 color ing schedule and lists places and dates he will be 1. Please add $8.00 for postage. Foreign orders billed separately. photo autographed 5 at. Bold ink signature, John L. Includes original 2. NYS residents add 8.625% sales tax. different poses WBC envelope to James Miner. Slight separation at folds. 3. All autographs are guaranteed for life. #5 Heavy Weigt Champion $2,000.00 4. Check or money order payable to: JO Sports, Inc. $100 5. Visa, Mastercard & American Express accepted. 13. Fernando Vargas 8”x10” 6. Paypal to our account: [email protected] (no L in account name) #8 color photo autographed AUTOGRAPH POLICY: 7. Payment is due within 10 days of order. Each autograph offered for sale is scrutinized before it is placed on our website. It is compared $50 with examples collected over thirty years of dealing and collecting boxing memorabilia. Each autograph will come with a letter of authenticity from JO Sports, Inc. If an item we sell has a letter WANTED: of authenticity from anyone else it will be noted in our writeup and sold with the item. I do not recognize so called third party expert authenticators. Any purchaser desiring an opinion from these Autographs, Antique & Wire Photos, Cabinet Cards, Posters, so called experts should obtain it before making the purchase from JO Sports, Inc. No refund will Programs, Tickets, Advertising Items, Championship Belts, be granted because an autograph sold by JO Sports, Inc. has been rejected or granted a “no opinion” Awards & Trophies, Rare Books and Bound Volumes of The by any third party authenticator. Unlike these experts I am unable to authenticate baseball players, football players, soccer players, hockey players, world leaders, presidents, senators, movie stars, Ring, Boxing Illustrated, Boxing & Wrestling and The Police crime figures, literary figures, billiard players, astronauts, NASA scientists, inventors, the rich and Gazette. famous, rock and roll singers, jazz singers, opera singers, song writers, civil rights leaders, historical LES WOLFF SPORTS, LLC figures or real estate moguls. I can not authenticate Mother Teresa, Roberto Clemente, Al Capone, PO. Box 917, Plainview, NY 11803 - (516) 933-7787 - Fax (516) 933-7747 Charles Dickens, Pele, Wernher Von Braun, Jim Thorpe, Moses, Shirley Temple or the Magnificent JO SPORTS, INC. - Craig Hamilton Seven. My only expertise is boxing. I do know that a purported signature of on a P.O. Box 607 email [email protected] picture of Terry McGovern is likely not a signed photograph of Battling Nelson. I do pay attention Brookhaven, NY 11719 Appraising, Auctioning, Collecting, Buying, Selling, and Trading Sports memorabilia to the history behind each autograph sold. People who obtain exemplars from me will not then sit since 1970 in judgment of my expertise. Please review my policy carefully and review each signature carefully phone/fax 631-286-0970 before buying. There will be no exceptions to this policy. Visit my website: Leswolffsportsllc.com email: [email protected] How much is it really worth? Don't wait, call today for you appraisal

2 15 Fifteenth Round Well, Austin finally got a decent fight (or any fight) card the other night and, I must say, it was an awesome card. "Lightweight Lightning" was exactly that. For those of Boxing Mailing you who saw it on PPV, you know exactly what I mean. HARDCARD The only one of the last (and most important) 5 fights that Address Directory ….. went the distance was the Escobedo-Hernandez fight and it Since 1996 BoxingHelp.com has published a was the best. Only one of the others was a walk-over (the directory of mailing addresses for the sport of boxing. main event) but then that damn Valero is just plain mean. This directory includes over 3,000 mailing addresses for He looks mean, he snarls at his opponents and has knocked boxers, promoters, managers, trainers, matchmakers, out all 25 of them. My advice, do not be around this guy gyms and clubs, etc. Contact your favorite boxer/request when he's had three cups of coffee or his dog has just died. autographs or use the directory to assist your business or The big disappointment of the night was Jesus Chavez, the boxing career…. hometown hero. He came in sluggish with a jelly roll on his middle and let Katsidis push him around until he quit on Annual Subscription his stool after the seventh. Not cool. Now, for those of you Directory & quarterly updates for 1 year collector diehards, the program of this fight was a 4 page freebie with a nice cover but no more than the fight card United States $32.95 listed inside. I just knew you'd want to know... I guess the International $50 (US$) elephant in the room is the way memorabilia prices have We accept cash, checks or money orders. Please make checks and money fallen in the past 6 months. Wow. If it is any consolation, orders payable to Ultimate Boxing Address List. dealers, it is falling in every hobby. Hobbies are the first to go in hard times. Well, big prices will be back when the rest Ultimate Boxing Address List of the economy is... Many of you may have heard of the PO Box 112 demise of Mastro auctions following the revelation of an Westmoreland, NY 13490-0112 ongoing FBI investigation of the business. Though details Web: http://www.BoxingHelp.com are sketchy, rumors abound. Many of the latter are pretty Email: [email protected] solid so here’s what we’ve heard. Mastro is being investi- gated for card doctoring, grading irregularities and shill bid- ding. Apparently the first two allegations also involve PSA Thanks to John Gay for this trade card pic. This is one of the harder to find trade cards with a who is said to have had underhanded dealings with Mastro. boxing theme. There are quite a few collectors of early Black memorabilia who would like this one, Right now PSA is not a focus of probe but it is hard to see how this, if the assertions are true, would not be a logical I'm sure. Card collectors are usually ambivalent about trade cards. Some, like me, definitely go for step in the investigation. And remember, this rumor. It is the them. last of these, shill bidding (where an item is bid upon by the auction house itself or a known shill, to run up the bidding) that is likely to be of most interest to collectors. This is true because there is widespread belief that “all of them (auction houses) do it.” That just sounds like cynicism to me. I don't believe that at all... Okay, I know this issue is the March is- sue and it is April but things have actually been busy around BOXING COLLECTORS' NEWS is solely published the Casa BCN so give me a break. Canastota may be even and owned by Don Scott Consulting and Publishing LLC. ADDRESSES better this year if you can make it. With prices dropping No material herein can be used without permission. a bit and the economy keeping some folks away, hey, we SUBSCRIPTIONS are $24 for first class mail delivery. collectors may have the place to ourselves and, if you have Canada is $30 per year and other non-US is $40 (all funds Boxer addresses are not guaranteed authentic by BCN any disposable scratch, you could take back a haul of stuff... US). Please note that overseas will be mailed first class . but are collected from readers and passed on as related. Okay, here's one of my insane rants. Who in the living AD RATES: are as follows: : 1/4 page $25; 1/2 page $50, We always need addresses. hell is that woman who attends quite a few televised fights 3/4 page $75 and full page is $100. All ad submissions who, when her fighter throws a punch, yells, "Wooooo!" must be submitted digitally unless prior agreement is Roger Mayweather, 2784 Trotwood Ln, Las She can single handedly ruin a fight for me since I have to made. There us a10% discount for full year of ads paid in Vegas, NV 89108 advance. All ads must be in our hands by the 10th of the push the mute button. She's more irritating than, well, Larry Andrew Maynard, 1134 West Creston St, Santa month with payment. No faxed ads. Merchant, the other person who gets my mute button going. NO CREDIT CARDS ACCEPTED FOR SUBS OR ADS. Maria, CA 93458 .. Do you have a novelty subcollection? Here's what I mean. OUR HOMEPAGE: www.boxingcollectors.com. Our Mike McCallum, 630 Ocean Dr, #9H Brooklyn, I collect, as many of you do, vintage boxing memorabilia email and Paypal address: [email protected] NY 11226 which often costs me more than I feel I should have to DISCLAIMER: BCN does not guarantee the authenticity Carlos Hernandez, 1204 Tina Lane, West Co- spend. But I have 2-3 small "subcollections" that cost me of items advertised herein except those in an Editor's Sale. very little and are a lot of fun. In fact, sometimes I now get Complaints (or compliments) should be directed to BCN vina, CA 91792 as big of a collecting thrill finding one of these as I do when forthwith. Photos herein as representations of collectibles. I happen on a rare program or card. My main subcollections BCN, 205 Woodland Park, Georgetown, TX 78633 are photos of fighters with their dogs and photos of fighters phone: 512-240-4375 mowing their yards. .Lou just landed me a pic of Basilio Back issues are $2 each in US, $3 each outside US. mowing. Okay, some folks collect string so stop laughing and just keep punching.

14 3 Billy Soose ily,” Gene Sebastian said, his voice choked with emotion. “There were seven of us in all and I’m the last one left. It’s such an amaz- ing honor. For awhile there, I didn’t think I’d live to see it.” Long & Winding Road Soose was born in Farrell (PA), a blue collar town near Pittsburgh. His passion for the sport of boxing dates back to his childhood when he was bullied on the way to school each day Perhaps the most fateful day of Billy’s life came when he stumbled across the rudiments of a gym which had been set up in an abandoned school. In later years, this “gym” would evolve into the Henry Routh Athletic Club It was here that Soose learned the skills that eventually car- ried him to the world championship Initially, Billy was told he was too young for any formal fight training. So, he began his boxing career as a “ring boy.” He did all sorts of odd jobs around the gym and eventually won the hearts of everyone at the Henry Routh AC Soose built his reputation as a brilliant technical fighter This is the IBHOF's 20th year and our 20'th year of being through countless bouts as an amateur. By the time he reached there. In all those inductees and collectibles and beer and college age, Billy already had more than 100 bouts under his everything else in Canastota it is easy to forget the impact belts. He was a natural in the ring and won Golden Gloves titles of a local hero, newly inducted. In researching the Soose at every weight class from 112 to 160 pounds article I ran across this excellent "hometown" piece written Many colleges came calling and offered scholarships, but by Keving Edwards of the Wayne Independent. We have Billy eventually settled on Penn State University his permission to run it in BCN. We think you will enjoy it. There, Soose bashed his way to a perfect 16-0 record as a freshman. He won every single bout by en route to an By Kevin Edwards Wayne Independent Wed Dec 10, 2008, NCAA middleweight championship 04:03 PM EST Canastota, NY - The long wait is over: a local By the time his sophomore season rolled around, other legend is finally getting his due schools started refusing to send their boys out to fight Soose. On Tuesday afternoon, officials at the International Boxing They Hall of Fame announced that Billy Soose has been inducted and claimed will be a member of the Class of 2009. he had an A longtime resident of Tafton who owned a rustic resort on “unfair the shores of The Big Lake and played golf regularly in Hones- advantage” dale, Soose was middleweight champion of the world in the early due to his 1940s extensive Gene Sebastian, Billy’s 81-year-old “little brother,” has Golden been campaigning hard for Soose’s induction. Ever since Billy Gloves passed away at Wayne Memorial Hospital back in 1998, Gene has experience worked tirelessly for this long overdue recognition In “It’s a beautiful thing...the most wonderful Christmas 1938, the present I ever could have gotten,” Sebastian told TWI Sports via NCAA phone from his home in Fayetteville, Georgia. “The last time weighed I talked with Billy, I said: ‘Champ, I’m gonna get this for you. in, passing You’re my big brother and you were a World Champion. You a dictum deserve to be in there.’” Billy Soose will now be “in there” with that is still the rest of boxing’s legendary champions. Included among this known year’s induction class will be such luminaries as heavyweight today as Lennox Lewis , Orlando Canizales and lightweight the “Soose Brian Mitchell Rule.” In This marks the 20th year of existence for the International it, college’s Boxing Hall of Fame, which is located in Canastota, NY. The ruling body excluded Billy and any other fighter who enrolled in 2009 induction ceremonies will take place over the weekend of school after already owning a Golden Gloves title June 11-14 Soose had no alternative at this point but to turn pro. He “God willing, I’ll be there to represent Billy and our fam- did so in early 1938 and began a lightning-quick climb to the top

4 13 Soose closed out his professional career with an overall record of 34-6-1 (13 KOs). He had planned well for “life after boxing” and never suffered the financial trauma so common among today’s fighters Billy passed the remainder of his life in Tafton. He enjoyed the “comfortable living in healthful sur- roundings” afforded him by Wayne and Pike Counties. Soose’s chief recreational pursuit in his later years was golfing at HGC in Honesdale. “He was just the nicest man,” recalled Honesdale Attorney Ab Rutherford, who used to caddy for Soose “He loved the game of golf and always played with the same foursome (Joe Novotny, Jimmy Wood and John DeMany). They were a helluva a lot of fun to caddy for. You always hoped your name would come up when they were playing. They tipped well, joked around all the time and bought you a coke at the end of the round.” A Brother Remembers Gene Sebastian wanted very much to follow in his half-brother’s footsteps. He was the youngest of seven siblings and idolized Billy “I wanted to be just like him,” Gene said. “ I started boxing when I was just a kid, but Soose at the IBHOF with the late Stu Levine it was pretty obvious I wasn’t very good. Billy took me aside one day. He told me to smarten up and find something else. That hurt my feeling a little bit and we didn’t talk for awhile; but, he was my big brother and I loved him. I got over it. After all, he was right.” After a lackluster middleweight career, Gene hung up the gloves and became a referee. He became one of the most respected officials in the south and eventually earned election into the Amateur Boxing Hall of Fame Gene’s biggest thrill in the ring was being chosen to work the ‘96 Summer in Atlanta...an Olym- piad that got off to an unforgettable Soose beat Zale as well as Overlin. Here the poster and program for the Zale fight. start when Mohammed Ali ignited the stadium torch of the world rankings When Billy Soose is inducted into The Champ Billy made his professional debut with a five the International Boxing Hall of Fame next June, Gene Sebastian fight tour of the West Coast. Under the watchful eyes of Holly- will be front & center. He’ll bask one last time in his brother’s wood legends Dick Powell & Paul Moss, Soose won bouts in Los legacy, then return home to Georgia to reflect on a job well done Angeles and Long Beach “I just want to thank all the people up there in Wayne and He made his triumphant return back east with a “coming Pike Counties,” he said. “Farrell where we grew up, but I know out” party at Forbes Field in Pittsburgh. Soose bounced back from Billy always thought of Tafton as home. I want you all to know an early (and rare!) knockdown to earn a unanimous 10-round how much that area meant to him.” decision over veteran Al Quaill This big win before a big crowd catapulted Billy into the national boxing consciousness. Less than three years later, the once bullied schoolboy found himself at Madison Square Garden Some years back, at the HOF weekend festivities, a sprightly elderly fighting for a world middleweight championship gentleman with a big smile showed up and introduced himself wherever On May 9, 1941 Billy Soose defeated to claim he went. He was not accompanied by friends or family, that I could see. the NYAS title He looked, frankly, the picture of an energetic independent senior who “It wasn’t really a tough fight,” Billy recalled afterward. was thoroughly enjoying himself. When word got back to Ed Brophy, the “But, it was a grueling fight. It was a bad fight; really, it wasn’t gentleman was added to the dais of the weekend’s events. Too bad, this a good fight to watch. But, I wanted to win the title, so I didn’t smiling ex-champion would pass away within two years of his visit and care what it looked like.” This proved to be the apex of Soose’s never know that he, Billy Soose, would go into the Hall of Fame one day. professional career. He vacated the belt six months later to begin When I think of Billy Soose, I think of Hank Kaplan. Because what hap- bulking up for a shot at the crown. Alas for pened to Soose could have happened to Hank but didn’t. This should be Billy, that chance never came. World War II intervened and by the a cautionary tale to the HOF voters. There are quite a few aging fighters time he finished his hitch with the United States Navy, his fighting out there that it doesn’t take too much imagination to guess will go into days were over the Hall one day. Make it sooner than too late.

12 5 JO SPORTS, INC. www.josportsinc.com

His LA home

Against Thil, when he lost his title. The lion cub is likely Jones'. Elsewhere we found a photo of Jones, the cub and Max Baer.. Pictured here are also Henry Armstrong and Frankie Garcia.

who tried to buy Cuba with Mickey Cohen. Mickey, Goril- la, and George went to grammar school together in Akron. The gangster, the boxing champ, the movie star. One of those natural pitches for which agents pride themselves. I’ll take $10,000 a word for a short first option. "People don’t understand racketeers," Gorilla explains. "But it’s simple. You make a deal and use their money and so you got to go along. No big secret about it." Gorilla’s dealings with hoods were purely personal. Some hoods in New Jersey once threatened to cut off his you-know-what and throw it in the East River if he failed to take a dive in a certain fight. Gorilla mentioned this threat to Mickey. Mickey told Owney Madden. The King Pin put out word that whoever messed with would never mess in again. That was the end of Gorilla’s active enemies. But if a hood started spouting off about putting someone in a hole or cutting off a head, Gorilla would ask them not to tell him. By staying clear of their occupational violence he kept his occupation- al violence unblemished (with the exception of a few early matches when deals were made to keep him from knocking out established white fighters. Black fighters back then had to do certain things to get to the top). Straddling the high lattice fence in front of Gorilla’s Memorabilia of Jones is hard to find. Here's Echo Park house is a statue of a gorilla, the namesake a ticket for his successful defense just before bestowed on him for his first boxing match at the age of losing the title. 11. A local matchmaker, the sheriff, was unable to fill a bill and came up with the last-minute idea of promoting a match with "that little Gorilla boy who’s always looking for a fight." The Gorilla grew up to become to the boxing ring what Josephine Baker was to nightlife. http://www. wrestlingclassics.com/wawli/Nos.610-623.html

6 11 William "Gorilla" Jones

The HOF bio reads this way:

Born in Memphis, TN on May 12, 1906. He was first introduced to boxing while competing in battle royals. He turned professional in 1924 in Memphis and shortly thereafter relocated to Akron, OH. Wins over , Bucky Lawless, and Izzy Grove propelled him to the top ten of the welterweight division. Difficulty in making weight led to sub-par performances against welterweight king . After vacated the middleweight crown in 1931, Jones entered a tournament to find a successor for the NBA strap. He stopped Oddone Piazza (TKO 6) to win the title and a defense over Young Terry (W12) followed before losing to via controversial 11th round DQ in Paris. Jones battled back and, in 1933, beat Sammy Slaughter (KO 7) for the NBA title. Although he never defended the belt, he kept a busy pace and earned one more title bout against NY/NBA champ (L 10) in 1937. He continued to box until 1940 and retired with a 101-24-13 (52 KOs) record. In retirement he was a chauffeur and bodyguard to Hollywood star Mae West and trained youngsters at the Boys Club. Jones, who was managed by Suey Welch, died on January 4, 1982 at the age of 75.

JO SPORTS, INC. - Craig Hamilton But more research reveals Jones to be much more colorful than his bio. If the Hollywood Archaeology website is to be believed (and it usually is). Jones was more than Ms. West's driver and that he had a pet lion (given to him by P.O. Box 607 West according to a jazz site). The Boardners site (famous landmark LA bar) says once Jones pulled up to the establish- Brookhaven, NY 11719 ment in an open car with a lion in the back seat. Hollywood Archaeology also asserts Jones had a pilot's license and once crashed an airplane into a barn, temporarily losing his sight in the accident.. phone/fax 631-286-0970 Here's an direct quote from Hollywood Archaeology (The Wawli papers #610) that gives a taste of what the Hol- email: lywood life was like for him: Mazurki’s (Mike Mazurki, actor and wrestler) voice booms across the room. He is having lunch with Gorilla [email protected] Jones and George Raft. The once flamboyant middleweight boxing champion of the world and the sweet old shrimp

10 7 check out these heavyweight auction items

Lot 1244. 1800s John Wood Boxing Cabinets Lot 226. Rocky Marciano Fight Reserve: $500 Worn Amateur Trunks Lot 254. Joe Louis Fight Reserve: $1,000 Worn Glove Reserve: $500

Lot 209. Rare Jack McAulliffe vs Jem Carney On-Site Poster (1914) Reserve: $1,500

Lot 240. John L. Sullivan Collection (7) Reserve: $500 Lot 211. 1920 Heavyweight Champion Timekeepers Pocket Watch Reserve: $5,000

Lot 216. Rare 1965 Cassius Clay Rookie Lampo Italian Trading Cards (2) Reserve: $1,000 Lot 261. 1930’s Kid Chocolate Exhibition Posters (2) Reserve: $500 Lot 1261. JOHNSON V. JEFFRIES by Dana, 1910 Reserve: $200 Lot 236. 1998 Fernando Vargas International Boxing Federation Championship Ring Reserve: $1,000

Lot 212. John L Sullivan vs. Jim Corbett Boxing Full Ticket (1892) Reserve: $1,500

Lot 250. 1919 Jess Willard vs. Jack Lot 210. 1970 Muhammad Ali Dempsey Boxing Program and vs. Jerry Quarry On-Site Fight Ticket Stub Lot 228. 1926 Jack Lot 213. Significant 19th Poster Signed by Both Reserve: $300 Dempsey Whiskey Flask Century Boxing Tickets (3) Reserve: $1,500 Reserve: $500 Reserve: $1,500 Auction closes november 21st • Call Today for a CaTalogue ($10) • View CaTalogue online free Lelands.com · 12 American Way #8 · South Dennis, MA 02660 lelands.com 516.409.9700 or 508.247.0890 · [email protected] !-%2)#!.7!9s3$%..)3 -!s0(/.%s&!8s).&/ ,%,!.$3#/-

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